DE2330760A1 - PROCEDURES AND CRANE GRAB FOR LOADING IRON ORE - Google Patents

Description

G 48 924

Company KOBE STEEL, LTD., 3-18, 1-Chome,
Wakinohama-Cho, Fukiai-Ku, KOBE , (Japan) MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD., 5-1, 2-Chome, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, TOKYO (Japan)

Method and crane grapple for loading iron ore

The invention relates to a method for loading iron ore which is filled in the sludge state in a hold of a carrier and is in the state of a compacted and solidified body. The invention also relates to a crane grab for Implementation of the method mentioned and in particular a crane gripper with improved gripping properties especially for the Used in picking up and loading compacted and solidified iron ore that has a flat surface.

For a better understanding of the invention, the background is first discussed a so-called wet loading and dry loading system for use in transporting iron ore in the sludge state described in detail from a mine or a mine over water to a metallurgical plant, with an iron ore transport ship or a carrier can be used.

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Two types of such a transport system have been proposed so far. One is the so-called dry cargo and dry loading system, and the other is the so-called Wet loading and wet loading system.

The iron ore used here is a magnetite with a low iron content, which is supplied in finely powdered form after it has been broken and processed using known methods.

The grain size of said powder is 44 yu, this being usually 80 percent of the total amount of iron ore.

This kind of iron ore is effective for industry due to its very small size and low water permeability a number of onerous and therefore uneconomical problems in the surface transport (land and sea) of the iron ore

For the sake of simplicity of description, the disadvantages or problems of the above two transport or processing systems are enumerated below.
a) Dry cargo and dry loading system: In this system, which has been in use for a long time, the iron ore is transported by land, for example via roadways or rails, from a mine or mine to a ship port, where a very large ore transport ship or a corresponding carrier of, for example 16O, 000 tons of displacement is loaded with such dry ore by means of conveyor belts.

When the ore carrier reaches a loading port, the dry ore is transported with a Loaded by crane. The disadvantages of such a system are as follows:

i) There are extremely high transport costs due to the use of a land route in the form of a roadway or a railroad.

ii) Very large port facilities are required as accordingly big payers have to be loaded. Therefore

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make the natural conditions of the port extremely essential Factors for solving the problem are. For this reason, the expenses for land transport take the largest part of the total transportation costs.

b) Wet loading and wet loading system:

This system is proposed to solve the problem of the large amount of transport required to transport the iron ore from a mine or a mine to an ore carrier. In this system, the finely powdered iron ore becomes mixed with water, and a pipeline is laid from the mine or mine to the ship port. As far as necessary The pipeline can also extend out into the sea to load the carrier with muddy iron ore. This means a very simple and economical transport option, which significantly reduces transport costs. However, the disadvantages of this system outweigh the above advantage, despite the convenient transportation options. These disadvantages are as follows:

i) There are a large number of reservoirs at the loading port or basins near the ship port required to collect the large amount of the muddy iron ore for a subsequent one To save the load, with the other system a simple pouring of the iron ore is possible. Through this large areas are required for such reservoirs.

ii) At the loading or transhipment port, the muddy Iron ore reloaded from the carrier in the same state, so that large reservoirs or basins for the loading port Storing the iron ore is required, which in turn requires large areas for such reservoirs or basins will.

iii) At the loading or transhipment port there are large drainage · facilities for the sludge-shaped iron ore required, which significantly increases the production costs.

iv) In general, the mere supply of sludge-like iron ore does not meet the production requirements of an iron

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Steel plant, so that the ore in general in conjunction with a normal dry ore is applicable to the shortage to fix. This in turn means that two types of equipment must be provided in the system, what requires a double investment.

In contrast, according to the invention, a newly developed wet loading and dry loading system ¹ with the associated equipment is proposed, the iron ore being introduced into the carrier in a sludge-like state and removed from it in a dry state. During the voyage of the iron ore, gravity compression and solidification of the sludge-shaped iron ore occurs in the carrier. This unfavorable phenomenon is an extremely disadvantageous problem in the transport of sludge ore. When the iron ore is filled in the hold of a carrier, the iron ore components settle relatively quickly, this process being accelerated due to the pressure or gravity of the upper layer of sludge, so that Finally, the water content of the ore body is reduced from 3o to 4o percent at the time of loading to around 14 percent. As time progresses, the sludge in the carrier's hold is further compacted and solidified with additional support from the shocks and vibrations of the carrier. Finally, the water content of the ore body is reduced to 7 to 8 percent. This value naturally depends on the transport time and is around 8 to 10 percent for medium transport times. The water content of the ore body decreases from top to bottom as a result of the force of gravity of the ore, with water remaining above the outer layer of the ore body, which is driven out of the ore body as a result of the gravitational compaction. As can be seen from the foregoing, it is far too costly and ineffective in terms of the installation requirements and method of implementing the aforementioned system b, in which water is added to the compacted and solidified iron ore in the hold of the carrier to restore it to the muddy state achieve, after which a loading from the carrier and then a drainage takes place in order to be suitable for use in an iron and steel

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and to enable steel plant.

There are therefore new steps in wet loading and dry loading of the so compacted and solidified ore body in and out of a hold of a carrier desirable, whereby an effective as well as time and labor-saving loading becomes possible. However, this method requires the use of a crane grab improved gripping and loading properties. In other words, the sludge body is not after a long ship transport only compacted and solidified, but also has a flat surface of considerable hardness, as does the interior of the ore body on. Accordingly, difficulties arise when gripping with a crane grab with flat stop edges the extremely high resistance of the solidified ore body. It follows that it would be desirable to have a crane grab with improved gripping properties, i.e. with means to solve the drag problem of the ore body to be gripped and solidified. The main object of the invention is thus in the creation of a wet loading and dry loading process for iron ore compacting in a hold of an iron ore carrier and is solidified. Another object of the invention is to provide a crane grab with improved Gripping properties that are used to carry out the process to be created suitable is. Furthermore, the gripping ability of the new crane gripper is to be increased by additional energy supply can. The additional energy supply is to be controlled and adapted in time to the gripping phase.

The problem is solved by means of a process achieved for loading iron ore, which is in a state of a compacted and solidified body in a hold of a Iron ore carrier is located, using a crane grab with improved gripping properties or capabilities. The new procedure is characterized by the steps of dropping a crane grab with a pair of held in the open condition Grab shells, with the falling process on the compacted and solidified Body in the carrier's hold and the destruction of the

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Body through heavy ¹ ;! af twirkung takes place, a subsequent closing of the gripping shells in order to grip the thus destroyed body, and finally a lifting of the crane gripper to thereby load the destroyed body picked up by the pair of gripping shells in their closed position. In a further embodiment of the method, shocks or vibrations generated by vibrating members are used, the vibrating members being arranged on the outer surfaces of the gripping shells or the structure of the crane gripper in the immediate vicinity of the stop edges of the gripping shells.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a crane grab is provided, characterized by an upper frame supported by first wire cables of a shipper, by at least two pairs of support rods each attached at one end to the upper frame, rotatable by two at each edge attached grab shells that end on one side with the other of each support rod are connected, furthermore by a roller housing with which the other edges of the pair of gripping trays are rotatable are connected, wherein the roller housing is carried by the shipper by means of second wire cables and can be lowered to the gripping trays to open, and finally by such gripping bowls, whose Stop edges touch one another or engage in one another when the gripping shells are brought into their closed position, wherein there is a plurality of claws on and along each stop edge, which claws engage one another in the closed position.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the gripper shell or the structure of the crane gripper are in the vicinity on the outer surfaces the stop edge vibrating members arranged to increase the gripping ability of the crane claw.

In a further embodiment, a tension-sensitive member is provided, which evaluates the tensile stress in the first or second wire cables in order to thereby increase the operating time of the vibrating members control what depends on the phase of the gripping operation. If the The crane claw reaches the surface of the ore body

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Vibration process of the vibrating members started, while their operation is interrupted when the gripping member is pulled up will.

Finally, in a further embodiment of the invention, a protective member for the electrical cable is provided, wherein the Structural members of the crane claw are used. Other features result from the other claims.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 - a schematic work plan of the various processing steps a pulverized iron ore from a mine or a mine to a loading point,

Figure 2 - in cross section, a drainage system for muddy iron ore, which is during the leadership or the Transport is in the hold of a carrier,

characters

3 to 5 are explanatory views of the operation of a grab bucket or a crane gripper according to the invention,

characters

6-2 - the loading direction of the gravity compacted and solidified iron ore in the hold of an iron ore carrier by using the crane grab after the present invention,

FIG. 7 - a sketch to illustrate a working phase of the crane gripper according to the present invention and

FIG. 8 - an enlarged detailed view to show the course of an electrical cable or a signal transmission line for vibration arrangement.

In Figure 1, the work steps of the pulverized are in a work plan Iron ore from a mine to the loading bay is shown while A is the mining stage of a pulverized or ground one Representing iron ore on the working side of a mine, labeled B

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further and, for example, sieving stages of the iron ore. The ore 1, which is processed to the required grain size and grade is mixed with water and in a sludge-like state by means of a pump through a line 3 to a container or pumped into a basin 4 as shown at C to store the sludge-shaped ore 5. The ore stored in this way is used in the sludge-like state transported to a ship port, what if necessary can take place according to D by means of a pump 7 via a pipeline 6.

The ore 5 thus transported is stored in a similar reservoir 4 according to E and then in the required amount and also conveyed in the muddy state through a pipeline into the ore transport ship or the carrier 8 according to step F. In the subsequent stage, for example stage G, the slurry ore 5 is loaded into a carrier 8 and can put down in a hold. As a result, the ore is separated into an ore layer 9 and an overlying water layer Io. The excess water Io is then pumped back onto the site before the carrier is transported away. The water content of the Ore amounts to about 13 to 15 percent in the hold of the carrier at the time of removal.

In this way, the recipient of the income arrives at the destination and, for example to the loading port. However, a longer transport leads to the deposition and solidification of the ore 9 in the lower part of the Loading space as shown at H, as a result of the vibrations and the pitching and rolling movements of the girder. This will reduce the amount of excess on the mud layers Water Io enlarged. This water is drained from the hold while the ship is in motion. Alternatively, it can Muddy ore, if necessary, also by means of a vacuum pump or equivalent members are drained from the floor or from the side of the hatch.

Therefore, the water content of the sludge ore in the hold is in the range between 7 and 9 percent if the carrier is the port of loading

-9-

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achieved. This water content enables the ore to be dried.

While the vacuum pump dewatering process was previously used, the need for a dewatering process depends on the grain size of the pulverized or ground ore. In other words, if the size of the ore grains or constituents are less than 44 μ and if they occupy more than 60 percent of the total amount of ore, they are solidified during shipping, and a dewatering process is not required, since the water content which is established is 7 to 9 percent arises even without performing a separate drainage.

If, on the other hand, the ore grains are over 2 mm in size and more than 2o per make up cent of the total amount of ore, the aforementioned solidification or compaction does not result, so that a dewatering step is required. A vacuum pump is preferably used, in the floor or on the side of the hold Drainage openings can be provided which are connected to filters.

The larger the drainage openings, the greater the drainage efficiency, although there is a limitation from the View of the trunk strength of the carrier is given. The desired ratio of the filtration area to the total area on the floor of the hold is preferably about 6 percent.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the drainage system used here At the bottom or the side wall 13 of the hold there is a drainage arrangement with filter material is filled. Therefore, the hold water contained in the ore sludge is affected by the filter material filtered by a suction pump, not shown, and then discharged through a line 18.

There are two filter fabrics 15 on the upper and lower sides of the filter material in order to protect it. Additionally, it should above the filtration assembly preferably an iron _ _ _lo

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grid or an iron net 14 may be arranged. This is located on the floor of the hold to protect the upper filter fabric 15 or to hold.

In the absence of the filter assembly or when the carrier to Transporting crude oil is used, the iron network can be replaced by an iron plate, thus reducing the use of the Ship is not subject to any restrictions. The water content of the iron ore can be 7 to 9 percent compared to that during largely dehydrated material can be reduced during shipping. If necessary, the water content can also be below 7 percent can be reduced.

The ore component or body in the hold of the carrier is after reaching the loading area by means of a crane 11 and a Crane gripper 12 according to stage I from Figure 1 loaded. As a result of the vibrations and the stomping and rolling movements of the wearer the ore is largely solidified in the hold. This creates difficulties for the loading processes, especially with Use of a conventional crane grapple which has poor gripping capacity for such compacted and hardened ore material has, which / results in a low loading efficiency. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, according to the present Invention proposed an improved type of crane grapple for receiving a largely compacted or solidified Ore material according to Figures 3 to 5 is suitable. Wire cables 18 are used to open and close the gripper shells while Wire cable 19 carry or support the crane grab. Furthermore, an upper frame 2o and a lower frame 21 in the form of a roller box, Support rods 22, gripping trays 23, stop edges 24 and Claws 25 provided.

The improved crane grapple of the present invention is larger in weight and smaller in size than a conventional one Crane grapple as it is used for loading powdery or granular materials. The new Crane grabs with sharp stop edges 24 and claws 25 with large

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that interlock in their closed position. With Such an arrangement, the compacted and solidified ore material can be easily destroyed and absorbed, whereby a greater loading efficiency results.

In the following, the loading steps for one from verfestic system ore material existing body 9 from the hold with reference to the drawings described in more detail, the invention Crane grab is used. In illustration 1 of FIG. 6-1, the crane gripper with the gripping shells 23 open is shown by supported by a shipper and slowly lowered onto the surface of the ore 9. When the open stop edges of the gripper shells reach the surface of the ore 9, the claws 25 driven into the mud body as a result of gravity or the weight of the crane gripper assembly.

Then according to illustration 3 of Figure 6-1, the claws 25 and the stop edges 24 of the gripper shells in the ore body up to driven to a desired depth when the wire cables 18 are wound to close the gripper shells 23. With further Winding the wire cable 18 move the claws 25 and stop edges 24 in the horizontal direction, whereby the ore of the Gripper shells 23 is added according to representations 4 and 5 of the same figure. After the end of the gripping operation, i.e. after the claws 5o fully engage one another on the stop edges of the gripping trays and after the gripping trays 23 as shown 6 are completely closed, the load-bearing wire cables 19 are wound around the crane grab from the hold according to FIG Figure 7 should be emphasized.

The factors affecting the gripping ability of the crane claw are the weight and the size and shape of the crane claw, the presence as well as the shape of the claws, the number of turns of the wire cable, etc. With the same weight of the crane grab, it increases Gripping ability when the shape of the gripping bowls increases will. If, on the other hand, the gripping shells are made too large, the result is too weak a structure, which makes a bad grip

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ability causes. In the case of fewer wire cable windings, when the gripping shells are closed, the wire cables create a Upward pull, thereby deteriorating gripping ability. Accordingly, this fact should also be taken into account when designing such a crane. gripper should be considered.

Alternatively, to improve the gripping ability of the crane claw Attempts are suggested to achieve a sharper shape of the claws or such a structure in which the The weight of the crane grab has an effective effect on the stop edges of the crane grab shells. The crane gripper arrangement can also be used from fall a certain height.

However, among these are factors to improve gripping ability a crane gripper contain four particularly important factors, which are explained below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 of Drawings are described.

1.Weight / volume ratio (W / V): The ratio of the weight (W) of the crane grab assembly to the internal volume (V) of the grab shells (the inner volume of the grab shells in their closed position) .

2. The ratio of the length to the width of the opened crane claw shells (A / B): The ratio of the length or distance (A) one stop edge of the gripper shell to the other stop edge of the other gripper shell - in its open position - in relation the width (B) of the grab shells.

3. The ratio of the weight of the crane claw to the effective width of the stop edges (W / 2B): The ratio of the weight (W) of the crane claw to the effective width (2B) of their stop edges.

4. The ratio of the gripping force to the width of the stop edges (H / 2B): The ratio of the gripping force (H) of the gripping trays in their closed position to the effective width (2B) of the stop edges the grab shells.

In general, it follows that with increasing hardness of the muddy Ore preferably a crane grab of smaller size and -13-

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larger weight is used. On the other hand, the gripping capacity the gripping shells in the case of using a crane grabber with a larger weight is correspondingly reduced if the load-bearing capacity of the crane used is limited, which results in a lower loading efficiency.

In order to achieve the improved efficiency of the loading operation, it is necessary to use the values of the aforementioned factors and determine what depends on the conditions of the muddy iron ore and especially on its hardness.

While the initial determination of the hardness of the compact body of mud can be difficult, the use of the 'N ¹ value of the piercing test, which is widely used or carried out in the technical field, is suitable.

The value 'N' used here is according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) A 1219 defined as the dropping rate of a weight or a block of 63.5 kg that or that from a Height of 75 cm falls on the top of a pipe with a diameter of 51 mm, around the pipe to a depth of 30 cm drive into the ground. It depends on how often the weight has to fall on the pipe in order to reach the specified depth.

The hardness of the iron ore body compacted and solidified in this way assumes the values from 15 to 25 of the above definition. A wide spread of the ¹ N 'values results from the different transport periods, for example ship transport, as well as from the variable vibration values and the movement of the wearer in different weather conditions; In addition, the varying values of gravity consolidation and compaction as well as the dewatering of the sludge body in the hold of a carrier have an effect.

In the following table 1 the values of the previously mentioned factors are given, with which the greatest possible loading

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or gripping effectiveness for the ore body when using a crane gripper results in:

Table 1

I. 2o II 25th Hardness of an ore body (N value) 15 - 4.5 2o - 6, o Weight / volume ratio IW / V)
(to / m ³ ) 3, ο - 3, ο 4.5 - 3.5 A / B ratio 2.6 - 5o 2.6 - 6o W / 2B ratio (kg / cm) 4o - 6o 5o - 15o H / 2B ratio (kg / cm) 4o - 6o -

In view of the fact that the W / V ratio for the Loading of dry ore grains, which have a specific weight of about 5, o to / m, is close to 2.5 to / m, the crane grab of the present invention is smaller in size and a greater weight so that the volume of iron ore picked up by the crane claw shells is comparatively small

However, the volumetrically determined specific gravity of the dry iron ore is in the range of 2.5-2.7 t / m, while the volumetric specific gravity of the iron ore, which is in a muddy state, is approximately ¹ N ¹ 15 is compacted and solidified, is around 3.6 to / m. In contrast, the volumetric specific gravity of the solidified and solidified ^{to a 1} N ^{1 value of 25}

3
sealed iron ore to about 4, ο to / m.

It follows that the crane gripper is heavier and smaller is formed, the harder the iron ore of the solidified

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Body is so that the volume of the grabbed by the crane Iron ore is diminished. However, since the volumetric specific gravity of the iron ore with increasing hardness of the solidified Body increases, the weight of the iron ore picked up by the grab shells is not reduced, i.e. it yields there is no reduced loading efficiency. This means that when using a crane grab with values according to the table a grabbing or loading efficiency is created that is comparable to that of dry iron ore, even in the case an extremely strongly consolidated and compacted ore body.

The water contained in the muddy iron ore is excreted under the force of gravity as a liquid protruding on the mud body, which is supported by the vibrations and movements of the wearer. Thereafter, the supernatant liquid is usually removed from the carrier. The water content in the sludge body can be determined accordingly and is directly related to the hardness of the iron ore of a compacted and solidified body. The following table II shows the ratio of the hardness (N) of the ore body and the actually measured water content, the ¹ N ¹ values ^{corresponding to the 1} N ¹ values from Table 1:

Table II

I. 2o II 25th Hardness of the compacted iron ore body
( ¹ N ¹ value) 15 - 7th 2o - 5 Water content in the ore body (%) 9 - 7 -

From Table II it can be seen that the water content has a function the hardness of the compacted and solidified iron ore, so that the hardness of the ore body is preferably obtained by using the the previously mentioned drainage system during the transport of the iron ore carrier should be set in order to ensure a hardness of the he * -

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body in the predetermined range to achieve the properties of the crane gripper used is adapted to the destination, whereby maximum loading efficiency is achieved. Further it follows from the above description that the crane gripper according to the invention a so-called wet loading of the muddy Iron ore and a dry loading of the iron ore in the form of a solidified and compacted body in and out of one Allows iron ore carriers with improved loading efficiency, the ore is in the hold of the carrier.

The following are further embodiments according to the invention described, in which the gripping or loading ability of the crane gripper according to the invention is further improved.

In Figure 7, the crane gripper of supporting wire cables 3 is a; Carried by the loader. As shown, the crane gripper consists of an upper frame 13 which is supported by first wire cables 3, 3 is, from at least two pairs of support rods 12, 12, each connected to the upper frame 13, from a pair of Gripping trays 1, 1, which are rotatably connected on one side to the other end of each support rod 12, 12, further from a Roller body 14 with which the other edges of each gripping tray are rotatably connected, the roller body being carried by means of a second wire cable 4,4 from the shipper, not shown, and is arranged so that the gripping shells open when lowering will. The gripping shells each have stop edges which can engage with one another when the gripping shells are in the closed state. There is one on the stop edges and along these edges A plurality of claws 2, which can also engage with one another in the closed state.

In this arrangement the crane grapple is lowered onto the surface of the body of mud in the hold and the wire cables 4,4 are then wound up so that the claws 2 are driven vertically into the surface of the mud body at the beginning of this operation be, after which a horizontal displacement of the gripping trays 1.1 arises to a certain volume of the iron ore of the compacted

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and solidified body.

Here are vibrating members 5 and / or 6 on the outer surface of the Crane gripper and for example on the outer sides of the support rods 12, 12 and gripping trays 1, 1 provided, in the vicinity the stop edges of the gripping trays 1, 1.

The vibrating members 5 or 6 contain an eccentric weight, which generates the vibration when it rotates.

The reason that the vibrating members 5 or 6 on the outer surfaces the support rods or the crane gripper shells are arranged, is that otherwise when attaching the Vibrating members on the inner surface of the gripping trays 1,1 or of the rods 12, 12 there is a risk of the vibration members being destroyed. On the other hand, it is not recommended that To provide vibrating members with a protective housing, with a view to cooling these vibrating members. the end For this reason, the vibrating members should be arranged on the outer surfaces of the gripping trays and rods according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in FIG be.

The Vibrationsglieäer are operated by means of an electrical current, which is from an electrical source through an electrical Cable is brought in via a shipper. In this regard, the electric cable is at the up and down downward movements of the crane gripper can be pulled in and out, which is by means of a not shown and with the body of the Shipper connected cable winding member is achieved.

The vibration or shock caused by the vibrating members is only required if the grab shells are in Contact with the solidified body of the iron ore, causing vibration during the winding and unwinding of the wire cables is not desired for gripping operation. Accordingly, it is expedient to attach a locking switch that controls the vibrating members only starts up when the grab shells have solidified Touch ore bodies. -18-

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Figure 8 shows an embodiment of such a locking or. Response switch. In this case it is pressure sensitive Link 9 between the crane claw body and in the present case between the upper frame 11 and the supporting wire cables 3, provided so that the vibrating members are only inoperative when the supporting wire cables are under tension stand. A corresponding function results in the unloaded state. The signal transmission cables Io that carry a signal from the pressure sensitive member 9 transmitted to the vibrating members 6 pass through the upper frame 11 and the rods 12, 12 so that they are protected from destruction.

Then when the gripping shells reach the ore body and support it the wire cable are relieved, the vibrating members are put into operation. After the crane grapple has finished gripping and when the gripping shells begin to close by means of the wire cables 4, 4, the supporting or load-bearing Wire cable exerted tension, which disrupts the operation of the vibrating members.

Alternatively, such a locking or response switch, and, for example, a tension-dependent member, provided between the wire cables 4,4 and the arrangement of the crane grapple be.

As can be seen from the above description, when gripping and loading a compacted and solidified iron ore body in a hold of an iron ore carrier adjusting difficulties by using an improved crane claw can be avoided according to the present invention, with expedient parts such as vibrating members and tension sensitive members represent a help or support, so that a highly effective and expedient solution to the problem is guaranteed.

Apart from the above description of preferred embodiments The invention, further changes and improvements are possible within the scope of the invention.

-Patent claims-

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Claims (12)

Claims 1. Method of loading iron ore which is in the sludge state in a hold of a carrier is filled and is in the state of a compacted or solidified body by the steps of dropping a crane grab with a pair of gripping trays held in the open state, whereby the process of falling onto the compacted and solidified body in the hold of the wearer and the destruction of the body takes place by the action of gravity, one subsequent Closing the gripping trays in order to grasp the thus destroyed body and finally lifting the crane gripper in order to thereby loading the destroyed body received by the pair of gripping shells in their closed position. 2. The method of claim 1, further characterized by use at least one pair of vibrating members, which are attached to the outer surfaces of the gripping trays or the crane gripper structure in are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the stop edges of the gripping trays. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hardness of the compacted and solidified body of iron ore is in the range between 15 to 25 in ¹ N ¹ values, while the water content in the ore body is 5 to 9 percent. 4. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that the crane gripper used has a weight / volume -2- 309887/0579 Ratio (W / V) between 3, ο to 6, ο tons / m, while the ratio of the length to the width of the opened crane claw is 2.6 to 3.5 and the ratio of the weight of the crane claw to the effective width of the stop edges (W / 2B) is 4o to 6o kg / cm, with the gripping force per unit width of the stop edges (H / 2B) being 4o to 15o kg / cm, depending on the hardness of an ore body with a ¹ N ¹ value of 15 to 25th 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the vibrating members respond when the claws hit the surface of the compacted and solidified body. 6. Method of wet loading and dry loading for use in an iron ore carrier whose hold with mud-shaped Iron ore is loaded using a crane grab to load the iron ore, indicated by an upper and frame carried by first wire cables of a shipper, through at least two pairs of support rods, each with are attached at one end to the upper frame by two gripping shells rotatably attached to each edge, which are attached to one Side are connected to the other end of each support rod, further by a roller housing with which the other Edges of the pair of GriffschaljPenpaares are rotatably connected, wherein the roller housing is carried by the shipper by means of second wire cables and can be lowered in order to open the gripping trays, and finally by such gripping shells, the stop edges of which touch one another or engage with one another when the gripping shells be brought into their closed position, with a plurality of claws on and along each stop edge which engage in the closed position. 7. crane gripper for performing the method of claim 1, characterized in that a pair of gripping shells (1) on its outer side vibrating members (5,6) in the vicinity of the stop edges (24) carries. 309882/0579 8. crane gripper according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a tension sensitive member (9) contains, which by means of a signal transmission line (lo) with the vibrating members (5,6) is connected. 9. crane gripper according to claim 8, characterized in that the zugempf-indliche member (9) between the upper frame (11) and the first wire cables (3) is arranged. 10. crane grab according to claim 8, characterized in that the tension-sensitive member (9) is provided between the second wire cables (4) and the structure of the crane gripper assembly. 11. Crane grab according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal transmission line (lo) within and through the upper frame (11) as well the support rods (12) runs. 12. Crane grab according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension-sensitive member (9) sends a signal to the vibrating members (5, 6), to put them into operation when the first or second wire cables are free of tension in the loosened state, and vice versa. 309882/0579 Blank page