DE2322953A1 - IRRITATION DEVICE - Google Patents
IRRITATION DEVICEInfo
- Publication number
- DE2322953A1 DE2322953A1 DE2322953A DE2322953A DE2322953A1 DE 2322953 A1 DE2322953 A1 DE 2322953A1 DE 2322953 A DE2322953 A DE 2322953A DE 2322953 A DE2322953 A DE 2322953A DE 2322953 A1 DE2322953 A1 DE 2322953A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pulses
- frequency
- stimulation current
- current device
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/36021—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treatment of pain
Description
PATENTANWALT DlPL.-iNG. CERriARD SCHWANPATENT Attorney DlPL.-iNG. CERriARD SWAN
Medtronic, Inc.
3055 Old Highway Eight", Minneapolis, Minn= 55418/V.St.A..Medtronic, Inc.
3055 Old Highway Eight ", Minneapolis, Minn = 55418 / V.St.A ..
ReizstromgerätElectrical stimulation device
Periphere Nervenfasern werden in einer jetzt standardisierten Reihenfolge im Hinblick auf abnehmende Größe und Leitungsgeschwindigkeit klassifiziert. Generell nimmt mit kleiner werdender Fasergröße die Amplitude des elektrischen Reizes zu, der erforderlich ist, um ein Aktionspotential auszulösen. Außerdem erfordern die kleineren Fasern längere Impulsdauern als die Reize für große Fasern. Diese Unterschiede bezüglich der Nervenempfindlichkeit oder des Ansprechverhaltens der Nerven wurden ausgenutzt, um selektiv unterschiedliche Arten von Nervenfasern durch Ändern der Amplitude, der Impulsdauer oder der Impulsfolgefrequenz eines elektrischen Reizstromimpulses anzuregen. Bislang konnte jedoch eine Nervenfasernselektivität von gewünschtem Ausmaß nicht verwirklicht werden, was zur Folge hat, daß beispielsweise eine auf den Reizstromimpuls zurückzuführende ausgelöste Tastempfindlichkeit häufig von einer prickelnden, stechenden, brennenden, schmerzenden oder in anderer Weise unangenehmen Empfindung begleitet ist.Peripheral nerve fibers are in a now standardized order in terms of decreasing size and conduction speed classified. In general, the smaller the fiber size, the greater the amplitude of the electrical stimulus that is required is to trigger an action potential. In addition, the smaller fibers require longer pulse durations than the stimuli for large fibers. These differences in nerve sensitivity or the responsiveness of the nerves have been exploited to selectively change different types of nerve fibers by changing the amplitude, the pulse duration or the pulse repetition frequency of a stimulate electrical stimulation current impulse. So far, however, a desired level of nerve fiber selectivity has not been achieved which has the consequence that, for example, a triggered tactile sensitivity due to the stimulation current pulse is often accompanied by a tingling, stabbing, burning, painful or otherwise unpleasant sensation.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zu schaffen, die es erlaubt, in verläßlicher Weise eine Tastempfind-The invention is based on the object of creating a device that allows a tactile sensation in a reliable manner.
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lichkeit auszulösen, ohne daß es dabei zu den oben geschilderten unangenehmen Empfindungen kommt.the possibility of triggering without causing the unpleasant sensations described above.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß Reizstromimpulse erzeugt werden, deren Frequenzkomponenten innerhalb vorbestimmter Frequenzbandgrenzen liegen. Ungefähr 90 % der Impulsenergie fallen erfindungsgemäß in einen Frequenzbereich von im wesentlichen 100 bis 5OOO Hz.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that stimulation current pulses are generated, the frequency components of which are within predetermined frequency band limits. According to the invention, approximately 90 % of the pulse energy fall in a frequency range of essentially 100 to 500 Hz.
Es konnte gezeigt werdens daß eine differentielle Erregung der Tastfasern gegenüber den schmerzspezifischen Fasern die Übermittlung von Schmerzempfindungen an die Bewußtseinszentren verhindert. Die vorliegend beschriebene Art der Reizung optimiert die differentielle Anregung zwischen tast- und schmerzspezifischen Fasern und führt infolgedessen zu einer bestmöglichen Unterdrückung der Schmerzübertragung.It could be shown that s a differential excitation of Tastfasern against the specific pain fibers prevents the transmission of pain sensations to the centers of consciousness. The type of stimulation described here optimizes the differential stimulation between tactile and pain-specific fibers and consequently leads to the best possible suppression of pain transmission.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben* Es zeigen: ■:■*'■;An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below * They show: ■: ■ * '■;
Figur 1 ein Blockschältbild eines transkutanen Reizstromgerätes undFigure 1 is a block diagram of a transcutaneous stimulation current device and
Figur 2 eine graphische Darstellung der Tast- und Schmerzempfindlichkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz.Figure 2 is a graph of tactile and pain sensitivity depending on the frequency.
Es besteht ein zunehmendes Interesse an der externen elektrischenThere is an increasing interest in the external electrical
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Reizung der Haut für Zwecke wie Schmerzunterdrückung, neuromuskuläre Reizung, Datenübermittlung, usw. Bei der vorliegend beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich insbesondere um ein transkutanes Reizstromgerät zur Unterdrückung von organischen Schmerzen, obwohl das Gerät auch außerhalb dieses speziellen Gebietes mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden ,kann. Zum besseren Verständnis der Erfindung sei auf die aus den US-PSen 1 O59 O9O und 1 305 725 bekannten Geräte verwiesen. Es handelt sich dabei im wesentlichen um Impulsgeneratoren, mittels deren organischer Schmerz unterdrückt werden kann, wenn die Impulse in geeigneter Beziehung zum Nervensystem an den Körper angelegt werden. Mit der organischen Schmerzunterdnuckung geht jedoch eine unangenehme E~pfindung einher, die auf die Reizung zurückzuführen ist und die gelegentlich quälender sein kann als der zu unterdrückende organische Schmerz. Im Rahmen bekannter Versuche, diese unangenehme Empfindung zu vermeiden, wurden die Impulsamplitude, die Impulsdauer und die Impulsfolgefrequenz variiert. Es wurden dadurch gewisse Erfolge erzielt, die jedoch· die Anwendung dieser Technik begrenzten, da für den praktischen Einsatz stark restriktive Parameter vorgegeben wurden.Irritation of the skin for purposes such as pain suppression, neuromuscular Stimulation, data transmission, etc. The preferred embodiment of the invention described herein is concerned in particular a transcutaneous stimulation current device for suppression of organic pain, although the device can also be used with success outside of this specific area. For a better understanding of the invention, refer to the US patents 1 O59 O9O and 1 305 725 referenced devices known. It deals are essentially pulse generators, by means of whose organic pain can be suppressed when the impulses in appropriate relationship to the nervous system to be applied to the body. With the organic suppression of pain, however, there is an unpleasant sensation which can be traced back to the irritation and which can at times be more excruciating than the organic pain to be suppressed. As part of known attempts, this To avoid unpleasant sensations, the pulse amplitude, the pulse duration and the pulse repetition frequency were varied. There were thereby achieved certain successes which, however, limited the application of this technique, since it is highly restrictive for practical use Parameters have been specified.
Die vorliegende Erfindung läßt sich am besten verstehen, wenn manThe present invention can best be understood if one
% die bei bekannten Geräten verwendeten Impulse im Rahmen einer Fourier Analyse betrachtet. Jeder Impuls hat eine Sinusgrundkomponente. Von der reinen Sinusform abweichende Impulse besitzen darüberhinaus Sinuswellenkomponenten mit Frequenzen, die Vielfache der Grundfrequenz sind. Dadurch, daß man ermittelt, welche% of the pulses used in known devices within a Fourier analysis considered. Every pulse has a basic sine component. Have impulses that differ from the pure sinusoidal shape in addition, sine wave components with frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency. By determining which
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dieser Frequenzkomponenten auf welche der verschiedenen Nervenarten einwirken, ist es möglich, ein Signal zu erzeugen, dessen Frequenzkomponenten innerhalb von vorbestimmten Frequenzbandgrenzwerten liegen, wodurch die unerwünschte unangenehme Empfindung vermindert wird. Periphere Nervenfasern werden in der Reihenfolge abnehmender Größe und Leitungsgeschwindigkeit klassifiziert. Im vorliegenden Rahmen sind die Fasern der Klasse Α-Beta, die der Tastempfindung dienen, und die Fasern der Klasse C, die schmerzspezifisch sind, von besonderem Interesse. Außerdem wurde gefunden, daß eine Differentialanregung der A-Beta-Fasern mit Bezug auf die C-Fasern die Übermittlung von Schmerzinformationen über die Fasern der Klasse C verhindert.of these frequency components on which of the various nerve types act, it is possible to generate a signal whose frequency components are within predetermined frequency band limits lying, whereby the undesirable unpleasant sensation is reduced. Peripheral nerve fibers are in the Classified in order of decreasing size and line speed. In the present framework, the fibers are in class Α-beta, which are used for tactile sensation, and the fibers of the class C, which are pain specific, are of particular interest. It was also found that a differential excitation of the A-beta fibers with respect to the C fibers prevents the transmission of pain information via the class C fibers.
Figur 1 zeigt ausgehend von den vorstehenden Erläuterungen ein Blockschaltbild eines erfindungsgemäß aufgebauten Reizstromgerätes. Mit 10 ist ein Impulsgenerator bezeichnet, der grundsätzlich in beliebiger, beispielsweise bekannter Weise aufgebaut sein kann, Bei dem Ausgangssignal des Impulsgenerators 1O kann es sich entweder um einen Zweiweg- oder Vollwellenimpuls oder aber um einen Einweg- oder Halbwellenimpuls handeln. Der Impulsgenerator 10 ist mit einer Folgefrequenzsteuerung 11 versehen, die in bekannter Weise arbeitet. Das Ausgangssignal des Impulsgenerators 1O gelangt über eine Leitung 12 zu einem aktiven Tiefpaßfilter 13, bei dem es sich um eines einer Reihe bekannter Filter handeln kann. Je nach dem Ausgangssignal des Impulsgenerators 10 liefert das Tiefpaßfilter 13 einen Zweiweg- oder Einwegimpuls mit einer einzigen Frequenz oder mit mehreren Frequenzkomponenten innerhalbBased on the above explanations, FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a stimulation current device constructed according to the invention. With 10 a pulse generator is referred to, which can basically be constructed in any, for example known manner, The output signal of the pulse generator 1O can be either be a two-way or full-wave pulse or a one-way or half-wave pulse. The pulse generator 10 is provided with a repetition frequency control 11, which in known Way works. The output signal of the pulse generator 1O arrives via a line 12 to an active low-pass filter 13, which can be any of a number of well-known filters. Depending on the output signal of the pulse generator 10 delivers the low-pass filter 13 a two-way or one-way pulse with a single frequency or with multiple frequency components within
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der im folgenden angegebenen Grenzwerte. Das gefilterte Signal gelangt vom Filter 13 über eine Leitung 14 zu einer Leistungsverstärker- und Stromsteuereinheit 15, deren Ausgang über einen herkömmlichen Wandler 20 mit Ausgangselektroden 17 und 18 gekoppelt ist. Die Elektroden werden unmittelbar am Körper angebracht. Eine Rückkopplungsleitung 21 ist vorgesehen, um bei dem Reizstromgerät nach der Erfindung für ein Arbeiten mit konstantem Strom zu sorgen. Außerdem kann es sich bei gewissen Anwendungsfällen als notwendig erweisen, die Impulsfolgefrequenz zu variieren, um eine Nervenadaption zu vermeiden. Für diesen Zweck kann an den Eingang des Impulsgenerators 1O in bekannter Weise ein Sägezahngenerator angeschlossen werden.the limit values given below. The filtered signal arrives from the filter 13 via a line 14 to a power amplifier and current control unit 15, the output of which is coupled to output electrodes 17 and 18 via a conventional converter 20 is. The electrodes are attached directly to the body. A feedback line 21 is provided to at the To provide stimulation current device according to the invention for working with constant current. It can also apply to certain use cases prove necessary to vary the pulse repetition rate to avoid nerve adaptation. For this purpose a sawtooth generator can be connected to the input of the pulse generator 1O in a known manner.
Figur 2 zeigt eine graphische Darstellung der Tast- und Schmerzempfindlichkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz, Die Tastempfindlichkeitskurve 23 ist eine im wesentlichen glockenförmige Kurve, was auf die unmittelbare elektrische Reizung zurückzuführen ist. Mit 24 ist die Schmerzempfindlichkeitskurve bezeichnet, die Segmente A, B und C aufweist. Die Segmente A und C sind auf Sekundäreffekte der Reizung zurückzuführen., beispielsweise auf chemische Effekte. Das Segment B resultiert sowohl aus den Sekundäreffekten als auch aus dem Einfluß der unmittelbaren elektrischen Reizung. Eine größere differentielle Anregung der Tastnervenfasern im Vergleich zu den Schmerznervenfasern verhindert die Übermittlung eines Schmerzsignals durch die Schmerz fasern. Jede spezielle Reizfrequenz, die ein Tastansprechsignal auslöst, das stärker als das Schmerzansprechsignal ist, verhindert dieFIG. 2 shows a graph of the sensitivity to touch and pain depending on the frequency, the tactile sensitivity curve 23 is a substantially bell-shaped curve, which is due to the immediate electrical stimulation is. The pain sensitivity curve, which has segments A, B and C, is designated by 24. Segments A and C are open Secondary effects of irritation attributed., For example to chemical effects. Segment B results from both the secondary effects as well as from the influence of the immediate electrical stimulation. A greater differential excitation of the tactile nerve fibers Compared to the pain nerve fibers prevents the transmission of a pain signal through the pain fibers. Any particular stimulus frequency that triggers a tactile response signal that is stronger than the pain response signal prevents this
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Schmerzübermittlung, wodurch jede unangenehme Empfindung der Reizung vermieden wird. Ein Beispiel für eine derartige Frequenz ist in Figur 2 bei X angedeutet.Pain transmission, eliminating any unpleasant sensation of the Irritation is avoided. An example of such a frequency is indicated in Figure 2 at X.
In ähnlicher Weise verhindert jeder Impuls mit einzelnen Frequenzkomponenten, die zusammen ein stärkeres Tastansprechsignal als Schmerzansprechsignal auslösen, eine Schmerzübermittlung, wodurch jede unangenehme Empfindung der Reizung entfällt.Similarly, each pulse with individual frequency components prevents which together trigger a stronger tactile response signal than pain response signal, a pain transmission, whereby there is no unpleasant sensation of irritation.
Es wurde gefunden, daß ein im wesentlichen aus einer reinen Sinuswelle bestehender Impuls (entweder Vollwellen- oder Halbwellenimpuls) innerhalb eines Bereiches von im wesentlichen 1OOO bis 3000 Hz eine stärkere Tastempfindlichkeit als' Schmerzempfindlichkeit zur Folge hat und dadurch jede unangenehme Empfindung beseitigt. In ähnlicher Weise führt ein Reizstromimpuls mit mehreren Frequenzkomponenten, bei dem im wesentlichen 90 % der Impulsenergie innerhalb eines Frequenzberei ches von im wesentlichen 100 bis 5000 Hz liegen und dessen Grundfrequenz vorzugsweise in den Bereich von im wesentlichen 1000 bis 30OO Hz fällt,-zu einer größeren Tastempfindlichkeit als Schmerzempfindlichkeit, wodurch jede unangenehme Empfindung vermieden wirdc It has been found that a substantially pure sine wave pulse (either full wave or half wave pulse) within a range of substantially 1000 to 3000 Hz results in more tactile sensitivity than pain sensitivity and thereby eliminates any unpleasant sensation. Similarly, a stimulation current pulse with several frequency components, in which essentially 90 % of the pulse energy lie within a frequency range of essentially 100 to 5000 Hz and whose base frequency preferably falls in the range of essentially 1000 to 30000 Hz, leads to a larger one Touch sensitivity as sensitivity to pain, which avoids any unpleasant sensation c
Die Art der Impulserzeugung kann in mannigfacher Wiese modifiziert werden. Beispielsweise kann anstelle des Impulsgenerators 10 und des Filters 13 ein Normalfrequenzgenerator mit Frequenzsynthese benutzt werden.The type of pulse generation can be modified in many ways will. For example, instead of the pulse generator 10 and the filter 13, a normal frequency generator with frequency synthesis can be used to be used.
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Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00251280A US3817254A (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1972-05-08 | Transcutaneous stimulator and stimulation method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2322953A1 true DE2322953A1 (en) | 1973-11-22 |
Family
ID=22951251
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2322953A Pending DE2322953A1 (en) | 1972-05-08 | 1973-05-07 | IRRITATION DEVICE |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3817254A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS502388A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1010508A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2322953A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2183891B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1422845A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7306338A (en) |
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Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1908688A (en) * | 1929-06-06 | 1933-05-16 | Gen Electric X Ray Corp | Electrotherapeutic apparatus |
US2771554A (en) * | 1950-04-11 | 1956-11-20 | Gratzl Kurt | Impulse generator for medical use |
US2764683A (en) * | 1952-04-18 | 1956-09-25 | Physical Medicine Products Co | Low voltage electro-therapy generator |
AT246328B (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1966-04-12 | Verbrennungsmotoren Prof Dr Ha | Electronic sleep and anesthesia machine |
-
1972
- 1972-05-08 US US00251280A patent/US3817254A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1973
- 1973-04-30 CA CA169,827A patent/CA1010508A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-07 DE DE2322953A patent/DE2322953A1/en active Pending
- 1973-05-07 FR FR7316391A patent/FR2183891B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-05-07 NL NL7306338A patent/NL7306338A/xx unknown
- 1973-05-07 JP JP48050541A patent/JPS502388A/ja active Pending
- 1973-05-07 GB GB2168373A patent/GB1422845A/en not_active Expired
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CA1010508A (en) | 1977-05-17 |
JPS502388A (en) | 1975-01-10 |
FR2183891A1 (en) | 1973-12-21 |
FR2183891B1 (en) | 1977-12-30 |
GB1422845A (en) | 1976-01-28 |
NL7306338A (en) | 1973-11-12 |
US3817254A (en) | 1974-06-18 |
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