DE2316284A1 - LIQUID METER - Google Patents

Description

Liquid meter

The invention relates to a liquid smeßgeber which Presence of a certain liquid is detected and signaled.

In a petrochemical plant, the tanks and the liquid feed pumps are surrounded by dams or barriers to ensure that if the tank is hoisted or the liquid pump breaks in the water pump, there is not too much

Heavy fuel oil or other dangerous products can flow into sewage, into a lake or into a lake. In view of the fact that it is desirable for economic reasons to keep the ochutεν / all as small as possible and to see the period of time for the monitoring rounds as large as possible or, if possible, to take preventive measures that cause these lots. to be able to do without, there is a need for a Einrr-LciitUj.

309842/0909 ~ ² ~

various forms of leakage from petroleum or other chemical "solutions, as they come from one pipeline, from one Tanker or from an underwater oil tank can leak - um to keep the damage to the fishery as small as possible.

It is already known to measure the discharge of Petroleum in the sea or a river use a flexion meter to use, through which the different Beflexion / at Presence and absence of: a petroleum on the liquid surface is detected. The liquid surface to be monitored is doing this with a constant "radiation source irradiated and the reflected radiation measured. Usually light is used for irradiation, but is this solution, in terms of the installation required, expensive and does not guarantee sufficient reliability the intended mechanical monitoring. Because it is required the influence through. Sun exposure and through to prevent exposure to other external light sources and it is difficult to determine the operating characteristics of the optical receiver to keep constant that of dirt deposits and is exposed to splashes as it is used above the surface of the liquid .. An oil leakage of a pipeline mag by detecting a change in the purchase flow amount or the oil pressure within the pipeline can be determined, but this method has the technical part that it is only at

309842/0909

responds to a large discharge. In addition, a gas meter may be used, which detects the gas that is through a liquid flowing out of a storage tank or a pipeline is generated. Because of the dilution of the generated A substantial amount of gas through the air must also flow out here, before the gas is measurable, so that there is a considerable time lag between the start of the flow and its Determination exists.

Another suggestion is based on the swelling capacity of a suitable one Material when in contact with the liquid to be detected that actuates an electrical contact or is used to block an air duct. A measuring device based on the principle of swelling is required a relatively long time for the material to swell and this has a relatively long response time Measuring device result. Furthermore, since most materials soften upon swelling, additional difficulties arise in to ensure sufficient electrical contact or a complete blocking of the air duct and this requires a low reliability. The application of this measuring principle is also made more difficult by the fact that only a limited number before! quellba: "en materials and those causing the swelling Liquid en eyisti. ert.

The invention is based on the object of providing a liquid

-4-

309842 / 090Ö

to create a transducer that is simple in construction and inexpensive, and which nevertheless makes it possible to detect the presence of a certain liquid reliably and quickly.

The liquid meter is intended to detect the presence of the particular Be able to signal liquids through an electrical, mechanical or other signal. It should be possible with the principle according to the invention, the outflow of a harmful liquid in a river or on to capture the earth quickly and reliably. It is also intended to detect a leak in a pipeline or pipe be possible to transport the petroleum, a chemical liquid or the like and it should be possible from the observation station from locating the location of this leak. It is ultimately intended to establish the occurrence of the certain fluid can be stored in a memory or a part-this particular fluid itself by the transducer can be retained when the occurrence of this liquid is detected and it should be when detected the presence of a certain liquid can automatically trigger measures that spread the Prevent an accident.

The liquid meter according to the invention is characterized by a. Sensor made of a material that, on contact with the liquid to be detected due to softening, shrinkage,

-5- 309842/0908

Dissolution and / or absorption undergoes a change in its apparent; .ve cifi cal weight and 'one on this change responsive encoder that supplies an electrical or mechanical signal.

The invention makes use of the fact that in certain Materials a change in their apparent specific gravity occurs, they know with a certain liquid be brought into contact. A sensor is provided, the apparent specific weight of which changes when it is touched changes with the liquid to be detected. This change causes a signal generator to generate a signal. The change in the specific gravity of the sensor im Compared to the state before contact with the liquid can be understood, the result of this contact as a result of a physical phenomenon, a chemical reaction or as a consequence of both occurs, whereby the sensor provides a resolution, undergoes softening or shrinkage. It is said to include those through contact with the liquid conditional change in weight of a porous material as a result the filling of the pores or an absorption, understanding, The weight before contact with the liquid serves as a reference value. Of course you can this change either only by one or at the same time

-6- 309842/0909

by, several of the named phenomena of dissolution,, ",. softening and shrinking can be effected.

If there is a change in the apparent specific weight of the probe, which is associated with a change in the total weight of the probe, the probe moves or rotates. indirectly and thereby the signal transmitter is activated. If, on the other hand, the change in the apparent specific weight of the sensor is associated with a shift in the center of gravity, then the sensor rotates to activate the signal transmitter. In these cases, a preload that supports the movement in question may be provided. A preload including the force of gravity may also be applied to a drive part in such a way that it triggers the desired movement of the sensor in the event of a change in the apparent specific weight as a result of dissolution, softening or shrinkage, and the signal transmitter is thereby actuated. The change in the apparent specific weight is used to open or close the contacts of an electrical signal transmitter. It nn ka, even in cases in which the change of the apparent specific weight is caused by dissolving the probe, the electric signal generator operable by the fact that this part forms an electrical circuit with the element, so that upon occurrence of the change the circuit is interrupted or closed or a resistor is switched on and off

-7-309842 / 0903

or to a lesser extent.

The signal transmitter can be, for example, a act electrical signal transmitter, in which the resolution of the sensor by immediately interrupting an electrical A change in resistance is caused by a change in the electrical circuit or by a change in the apparent specific Weight of the sensor caused movement that controls the opening or closing of switching contacts.

The liquid meter can, for example, be floating on or below the surface of the sea, a lake, a river, a sewer or the like be arranged to the determine the liquid to be detected when it comes into the range of the sensor. The liquid meter can also within a protective wall surrounding a storage tank for a dangerous product or a liquid feed pump be attached so that it detects leakage of the dangerous liquid. The transducers can along a Pipeline be arranged distributed. In this way, the outflow of the liquid can be effectively monitored and the The cycle of surveillance by a keeper is extended or · become completely superfluous. In addition, this can be of the Protective dam enclosed storage volumes are reduced. Since the liquid meter signals the process to be recorded

-8th-

3098A2 / 0909

2316264

it is possible to automatically take protective measures like triggering an alarm by the signal or closing off a sewer.

Compared to a gasification or evaporation technique, the use of direct contact of the sensor with the liquid to be detected and the resulting change in the apparent specific gravity of the sensor for the purpose the determination of the liquid can be regarded as more immediate, with regard to the process conditions, and this has a rapid response of the transducer result. With a view to direct contact with the liquid, the sensor in the form of a film, a heat-radiating flag or porous, the surface per unit volume with a view to increasing the response speed. A high response speed can also achieved by reducing the weight per unit of volume how to do this by applying a synthetic resin foam is explained. Using a pre-stretched synthetic resin material is also advantageous. The only requirement for the sensor is that its apparent specific gravity when it comes into contact with the to be detected Fluid changes. Materials that meet this requirement are available and can be obtained cheaply. For example, Table 1 gives a list of · materials again that are dissolved in different liquids

309842/0909

can and can therefore be used as a measuring sensor. J? For any the contents of a group called liquids can either be any of the materials listed in the appropriate group alone or in combination with others Materials of this group are used ·.

- 10 -

309842/0909

Table 1

liquids to be detected. Dichloroethane, dichlorobenzene,
Carbon tetrachloride,
Trichlorethylene,
Dibromoethane for the probe .- - ^;
suitable materials 'Hydrocarbon
material-
Halides Hexane, heptane, octane,
liquid paraffin,
Pentane, ethylene, propylene Polystyrene, poly
methyl methacrylate,
low molecular weight
Polyvinylchiori d,
Polybutadiene ' aliphatic
Coal water
fabrics Benzene, toluene, xylene
Naphthalene, dodecylbenzene,
Ethylbenzene ,. Styrene Polybut adien aromatic
Hydrocarbon
fabrics Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,
Cyclohexane, methyl -
isobutyl ketone,
Acetophenone Polystyrene,
Polyvinyl acetal,
Polymethyl methacrylate
lat, low molecular ^:
lares polyyenyl- '
chloride Ketones Fatty oil, mineral oil
(Petroleum, heavy oil,
Light oil, kerosene, gasoline
Etc.) Polyvinyl chloride,
Polyvinyl formal,
Polyvinyl acetate Oils Methanol, ethanol,
Propanol, cyclohexanol,
Benzyl alcohol, ethylene
Glycol Polybutadines, ni ed-
rigmolecular poly-
ethylene, ni edri g-
molecular poly
propylene, rubber,
Poly-t-butyl styrene Alcohols Ethyl ether, dioxane,
Isopropyl ether,
Ethyl phenyl ether, furan Polyacetal,
Polyvinyl alcohol,
Polyvinyl acetate,
Polyvinyl methyl ether ether Polystyrene,
Polychloroprene

-11-

3098A2 / O

liquids to be detected Hethyl f ormi at, Ithyl -
acetate, ethylbenzoate,
Methyl propionate,
Ph.th.al acid e st er for that he let feel
suitable materials Ester ITitromethari, dimethyl
formamide, acrylonitrile,
Acetonitrile, acetone,
Cyanohydrin, triethylamine
aniline, pyridine,
MorpholiK Polybutadiene nitrogen
links Eohl hurries ο ff cii sul fid,
Phosphoric acid ester,
Pear methyl sulfoxide Polybut adien,
Polyvinyl alcohol,
Polymethyl methacrylate Sulfur and
Pho sphorver-
bindingeii Sulfuric acid,
Hydrochloric acid, formic acid,
Acetic acid, benzoic acid,
Phenolic nitric acid Pol;} · acetoiiphenorj,
Po Iy acr ylxiit ri 1 Acids Ammonium hydro: Kyd,
Pyridine, amine, ITatriura-
hydri d, potassium hydride d Polyvinylpyridine,
Polyamide, metal,
Polyacetal, poly
but adi eiisul hair dryer Alkalis Polyethacrylic acid,
Polyacrylic acid,
protein water Polyvinyl alcohol

The liquid gauges are distributed along a pipeline arranged to respond to a change in the apparent specific gravity of a given element as a result of leakage of the Pipeline in the area in question to generate an electrical on or off signal, then the location of the leak . due to the generated electrical signal in the observation

-12-

309842/0909

station can be located. A variety of inventive Liquid gauges can be distributed differently and monitored together, based on the detection electrical signals sent in the case in question. Instead of joint or concentrated monitoring the liquid meter can also be equipped with a memory in order to store the occurrence of a signal, so that the occurrence of the liquid to be detected in the area concerned is maintained even if the The signal sent by the sensor has collapsed "." on the other hand an encoder can be used in which the occurrence of the signal remains hidden from the outside and only the The guard is able to read whether a signal has been given or not by means of a special reader. To the Measuring transducer can also be assigned a sampling device , which is actuated by a signal generated when the transducer responds, to by a part of the detected Liquid to take a sample that is kept within the facility for later collection and analysis.

While the materials listed in Table 1 for the If sensors can be used individually, it is also possible to add other components. So it is with a synthetic resin known that this can be softened by adding a plasticizer, so that the pour point is lowered to "one Allow deformation at low temperature. These

-13- 30Θ8Α2 / Ο9Ο9

The fact can be used to advantage where the liquid to be detected has an affinity for an oil, such as paraffin, Naphthalene or an aromatic oil, in general is used as a plasticizer for synthetic rubber, as is a liquid of the same family as the above mentioned oil serving as a plasticizer is the case. A such synthetic rubber can be used in comparison with a synthetic one which does not contain the plasticizer Rubber to increase the speed of response. As in the same way mineral oil as a plasticizer for polystyrene is used, the dissolution of the polystyrene containing the plasticizer by a liquid becomes the same Family (paraffin) such as that of mineral oil and polystyrene containing the plasticizer can thus be used as a measuring sensor can be used for the latter liquid, although polystyrene can hardly be dissolved by it alone. A resin, The polystyrene with an addition of particles made of synthetic rubber can be used as a measuring probe for a liquid the families benzene and hexane can be used. A copolymer made of more than one component, such as polytertiary Butylstyrene or a styrene block copolymer can be used as the material for the sensor for more than one liquid, such as butyl and styrene can be used. A copolymer of more than one component can be formed in a similar manner to serve as a probe for more than one liquid.

- 14 -

309842/0909

- 14 - ■ .- ■■■

In order to prevent the measuring transducer from becoming inoperable when immersed in the water or due to the action of bacteria or sticking of seaweed
prevent a similar external cause a disorder
such as a failure to indicate the presence of the liquid to be detected or the generation of a faulty one
Causes the signal in the absence of the liquid in question, the sensor can prevent the malfunction
Material is mixed or added. The transducer is often used in a state in which it is immersed in water, so that it is desirable to provide a protective housing in which the transducer is housed and the one
Allow the liquid to be detected to flow into the housing. In this way, algae or seaweed can be prevented from adhering or the sensor can be prevented from being impaired by ultraviolet radiation.

The invention is illustrated by exemplary embodiments on the basis of
73 Fig. Explained in more detail. Show it .

Fig. 1 is a partially sectioned front view of an embodiment a liquid meter according to the invention, "

Fig. 2 is a front view of a further embodiment of the liquid meter according to the invention,

FIGS. 3 and 4, partly in section _{t is} the front views of further embodiments of the invention _

-15- 309842 / G90S

Pig. 5 to 8 longitudinal sections of further embodiments of the invention Measuring transducer,

Pig. 9 is a partially sectioned front view of another embodiment according to the invention,

Pig. 10 a perspective view of a further embodiment

Pig. 11 is a schematic front view of a further embodiment , - - -

Pig. 12 a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment;

Pig. 13 is a schematic front view of an additional embodiment of the fluid level sensor according to the invention,

Pig. 14 and 15 are schematic sectional views of further according to the invention Embodiments,

Pig. 16 and 17 are schematic views of further embodiments,

18 shows a schematic perspective view further embodiment,

Pig. 19 shows a further embodiment in a schematic side view,

Pig. 20 to 22 schematic longitudinal sectional views to explain further embodiments of the invention,

Pig. 23 is a front view, partially in section, of another Embodiment,

Pig. 23A is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a Part of the Pig. 23,

309842/0909

24 shows a side view of a further embodiment, Fig. 25 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the transducer according to the invention with the cap removed,

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of another embodiment with the cap and connector removed,

FIG. 26B is a snapshot of that shown in FIG. 26A Embodiment with attached cap and attached connector,

27 is a schematic perspective view of another Embodiment with the cap removed,

Fig. 28 is a front view of another embodiment which illustrates the transducer in a position without a cover,

29 is an exploded view in a perspective illustration another embodiment,

JOA shows a front view of a further embodiment,

FIG. 30B is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. ~ $ QL,

31 ″ to 33 are schematic plan views, the further according to the invention Illustrate embodiments

34A shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment,

34-B is a schematic sectional view showing. the way of working of the encoder shown in Fig. 34A,

35 to 38 are schematic sectional views of further embodiments, . .

39 is a schematic front view of a further embodiment ungsform, - -

309842/0909 " ^{1 /} "

_ ₁₇ _ 231628A

Fin. 40 to 43 schematic front views of other embodiments,

44 is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment s χ ο rm,

Fig. 45 is a front view of another. Embodiment,

iig. 4-6 is a schematic front view of a further embodiment of the invention, in which one half is shown in section,

FiQ-. 47 is a schematic front view of another embodiment s f ο rm,

4o is a front view of a further embodiment of the liquid meter according to the invention, in which one half is shown in section,

49 is a schematic front view of a further embodiment s f ο rm,

50 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment,

Fig. 5Ί a schematic front view of a further embodiment ,

FIGS. 52 and 53 are sectional views of further embodiments of FIG Invention,

54 and 55 are schematic perspective views of further ones Embodiments,

56A shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment the invention,

563 is a schematic sectional view similar to that shown in FIG. 56A

-18- 3098A2 / 09Ü9

illustrated transducer in the working condition, Ii clit,

57A is a sectional view of a further embodiment,

Fig. 57B is a sectional view similar to that shown in Fig. 57A Measuring transducer illustrated in working condition,

58 is a sectional view of a further embodiment of FIG Invention, -. * "."

59 is an electrical block diagram of an apparatus for Locating the leak point of a pipeline to which the sensors according to the invention are attached,

Fig. 60 to 62 schematic front views of further embodiments,

63 and 64 are schematic perspective views of further ones Embodiments,.

65 and 66 are front views of further embodiments and FIGS. 67 to 73 are sectional views showing further embodiments

of the liquid meter according to the invention veran-. 'vivid.

In the figures, and in particular initially in FIG. 1, a hollow cylindrical measuring sensor 1 is shown, for example from foamed polystyrene. One half of a cylindrical body 2 is concentric within the sensor 1 attached and has in the middle part on the periphery of a flange 3, one end of which against a. Face of the sensor 1

-19- 309842/0909

bumps. An end face of the cylindrical body 2 is with the second end face of the probe 1 is flush and has a cylindrical cutout 4 which is formed in the center. A recess 5 runs around the inner circumferential surface of this cutout. A retaining plate 6 has on one side in the Middle a cylindrical approach 7? in the cutout 4 is inserted. The extension 7 has an insertion groove on the circumference, which is aligned with the insertion groove 5 in the cutout 4, to receive a rubber ring S fitted into the groove, whereby the holding plate 6 is fixed to the cylindrical body 2 and the probe 1 with the cylindrical body 2 clamped together will. On the remaining half of the cylindrical body 2, a cap 9 is attached, the inside a Has thread 10 which engages with an external thread 11 formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 2 stands. The cap 9 has a projection 12 with an external thread for a locking nut 13. The cylindrical body 2, the retaining plate 6, the cap 9 and the locking nut 13 are made of chemically resistant material, e.g. B. made of polystyrene.

An electrical switch 14 is housed as a signal transmitter within the cylindrical body 2. With the one shown Example is a mercury switch with a mercury body 15 and two contacts 16 and 17, the

-20- 309842/0909

2516294

can be brought into contact with the mercury body. Through central bores 19 and 20 in the approach 12 or in the Closing nut 13, a cable 18 is led to the outside, which contains lead wires connected to the relevant contacts. An elastic one made of rubber, for example Clamping ring 21 surrounds the cable 18 and is located between the extension 12 and the locking nut 13 * For fastening and sealing the cable "" compresses the clamping ring and thereby reduces its diameter. To provide a seal, a sealing ring 22 is arranged between the cylindrical body 2 and the cap 9. An insulating insert 23? such as epoxy resin, fills the interior of the , cylindrical body 2 to the mercury switch 14 and locate and protect its connection to cable 18. If so, it can be inside the cylindrical Body 2 along the inner diameter for weight " setting a metal cylinder 24 are attached.

The liquid measuring transducer constructed in this way can, by virtue of the buoyancy of the sensor 1, at a liquid level 25 »to the Example on seawater, where an outflow of a liquid 27 to be detected is expected, held in suspension will. As shown in Fig. 1, in the example, the weight of the entire device is set so that "that of the cap adjacent end of the device so far into the liquid immersed until about half the height of the sensor 1

309842/0909

is reached. The free end of the cable 18 is so on Point 26 anchored on the bank so that the facility can assume the position described. When the liquid to be detected 27 such as benzene, styrene or the like on the liquid level 25 drives, the probe formed from styrene 1 dissolved and thereby a change in the seemingly specific Weight of the probe causes. As a result, the cylindrical body 2 sinks due to the buoyancy of the sensor 1 had been kept in the floating state, now down into the liquid 25 and see there through the cable is anchored to, like this in dash-dotted lines Lines is shown, with the locking nut 13 facing up and the holding plate 6 comes to lie down. The mercury switch is reversed and the mercury body 15 no longer bridges contacts 16 and 1 ?. The electrical connection between the two contacts is thus interrupted. In the present case, the appearance of the liquid 27 to be detected causes a change in the apparent specific The weight of the sensor and the cylindrical body 2 serving as an actuating element rotates as a result of gravity and switches off the switch 14-, which serves as a signal transmitter, to an electrical signal as an indication of the presence of the liquid 27 to be generated. In the example, the sensor 1 consisted of bead-foamed polystyrene with a foaming multiplication factor of about 15 and had

-22-

309842/0909

a thickness of 35 bhh »one. Outside diameter of 60 mm and an inside diameter of 22 mm. ”When liquid became 27 on the water 25, a temperature of 20 C a 5 now strong Layer formed from liquid styrene »The transducer was 1, held in the floating state so that about half of the sensor 1 was submerged. Of the Switch 14 was operated 35 seconds after immersion.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 can be modified in that the sensor 1 is replaced by a body made of porous material, which has a strong affinity for the liquid to be detected, so that on contact with this liquid, the pores within the body with the Liquid are filled and this causes a change in the apparent specific gravity. An oil adsorbent can be used for this purpose. A ölalsorbierendes means, for example, containing particles of 73.2 wt .-% _SiO2, - 22.2 wt -.% Al ₂ O _5, 0.8 wt .-% of Fe ₂ O _5, 0.4 wt .-% CaO , 1.6 wt -.% Ha ₂ O and 1.2 wt .-% K ₂ O, which are sintered together into a porous body having an apparent specific gravity less than 1.0. This oil & sorbing body is placed on water, e.g. B * on sea water, left to swim and adsorbs heavy oil, for example. This fills the pores, whereupon the apparent specific gravity is greater than 1.0 and the sensor sinks into the water. Contains the a & sor-

309842/0909. . _v

-23-

xA j - -

Bating body particles with a diameter of the order of magnitude 3 »0 mm, then it sinks with adsorption of 55" vol .-%, of heavy oil with a low boiling point, 70 vol-% of spindle oil and 62 ΎοΊ., -% of Greosot oil, each related The surface of the adsorbent is preferably treated with paraffin or the like, so that if the probe 1 of this type is immersed in the water for a long time, it also adsorbs liquids other than oil, even water, the surface of the adsorbent is preferably treated with paraffin or the like it is water repellent.

If such a sensor Λ is used in the arrangement according to FIG. 1, oil flowing out to the liquid level 25 fills the pores within the sensor 1 and causes an increase in the apparent specific gravity of the sensor. The result is that the measuring transducer sinks below the liquid level 25 and the switch 14- is turned. This will determine the presence of petroleum.

In another embodiment, a cross-shaped Plate, the dimensions of which from the center in orthogonal directions were 65 and 35 mm, from a block of Above mentioned Ai.Sorbent cut out and in the An opening with a diameter of 22 mm was formed in the center of this cruciform plate in order to manufacture the probe 1. In water at a temperature of 20 ° C was a

-24- 309842/0909

5 mm thick layer of heavy oil with a low boiling point formed and the probe 1 brought to the water where it is held in the floating state. Two samples were used. One sample was 28 mm thick. With her was the switch 14- actuated after 12 seconds. The. another sample had a thickness of 21.5 mm * With her, the switch was Pressed for 5 seconds. -

^: ι

Usually oil adsorbents are in the form of a large one Block available and if the means is to be used as a measuring sensor according to the invention, one must from the block.

compact practical form can be obtained »The block made of oil-absorbent Agent was ground and 100 parts by weight of this agent became 10 parts by weight of epoxy resin and 1 part by weight a hardener is added to perform molding. Excess epoxy resin results in poor porosity, while insufficient addition makes molding impossible power. The specified value represents approximately the minimum. A quarter section of a circle with a ^ radius was created of 35 mm and a thickness of 18 mm and placed on a 5 mm thick layer of heavy oil with a high boiling point, which had been formed on water at 25 ° C, was placed floating. Several samples were made. The time it took for the switch to be actuated was 44 on a sample Seconds at which ground particles of a diameter im

,. . - -25- 309842/0909

3range between 0.6 and 1.2 m were used while another sample with particles between 1.2 and 2.5 mm in diameter sank after 34 seconds and another sample with particles larger than 2.5 mm in diameter in the floating Condition remained. It can be seen from this that the use of particles having a diameter between 1.2 and 2.5 m has a rapid sinking consequence and that thus this particle size is to be preferred. The speed of response can in a sensor having an apparent specific gravity change of the type described, for example by an oil adsorbing agent, is exploited thereby can be increased so that the surface area per "volume unit is increased. By using the shape of a heat outlet Flag, according to the previous example, the surface area can be increased. The speed of response but can also be enlarged by forming a layer of a material on the individual particles, which has a strong affinity for the liquid to be detected. In addition to the oil adsorbents, you can in the case of a sensor of this type, short fibers between 10 and 30 mm long are provided, which are coated with paraffin, Vaseline or the like are treated.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the sensor 1 the shape of a half hollow cylinder with a short axial

-26-

309842/0909

2316294

Length, which is followed by a form engl egg rather body 28, to form a full hollow cylinder detecting liquid through the sensor 1, the one half containing the sensor is heavier than the rest and. this has the consequence that the cylindrical body 2 is one layer occupies, in which its axis is horizontal. This. Will achieved a quick response. It should be noted; that.' in Fig. 2 and the rest of the figure. Same parts with the same ^ Chen reference numerals as in Fig. 1 or other figures are provided.

An arrangement can be provided in which a change In the apparent specific weight, a direct movement of an actuating device triggers the signal transmitter is operated. Fig. 3 shows such a possibility. A block-shaped body 2 has a central bottom opening, in the one end of an elongated cylindrical guide member 29, for example made of stainless steel, inserted and glued is. On the guide part 29 sits loosely formed from polyethylene cylindrical holding part 30 to the. look outside cylindrical probe 1 connects. In the holding part 30 is an annular permanent magnet 31 embedded. At the free End of the guide part 29, a stop 32 is attached, which prevents. the holding part 30 slides out of the "area of the guide part 29 and also the interior of the

-27-

309842/0909

Seals the guide part. The body 2 ″ has a through opening which communicates with the interior of the guide part 29 stands. At the outer end of the body 2 there is an attachment 12 molded with an opening through which a cable enters the interior of the guide part 29 is inserted. As before, a closure nut 13 is threadedly connected to the shoulder and the cable is clamped by means of a clamping ring 21, which at the same time constitutes a seal.

The stop 32 is located in the inner end of the cable a reed contact 14 · which is connected with two lead wires. The example shown is coaxial with the probe a protective sheath 33 is arranged, one end of which receives a part of the body 2 and is glued to it. the Protective sheath 33 is formed from a material that is resistant to both the liquid in which the measuring transducer is inserted will, such as B. water, and is resistant to the liquid to be detected and has in a distributed arrangement small openings 34 that allow the liquids to pass through allow.

The liquid meter described is with the cable end up and the guide part 29 in the upright position in a liquid 25 installed. As a result of the buoyancy in the liquid passing through the protective sheath 33 is

-28-

309842/0909

the probe 1 is raised and normally away from the keed contact

14 moved away. When the liquid to be detected reaches the sensor reached, then the sensor 1 is dissolved or heavier and loses its buoyancy. The probe falls along the

. Leadership part 29 to he. is stopped by the stop 32. In this position, the permanent magnet 31 is »close enough to the keed contact 14- to switch it on and a signal to create.

In one specific case, a ring was made from pearl-foamed Polystyrene with a foaming multiplication factor of

15 formed, which has an outer diameter of 60 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm and a thickness of 35 mm and in which a permanent magnet 31 was embedded. On water of 20 ° G a 5 mm thick styrene sheet was formed and it became the Sensor brought to the water. The switch 14 was actuated after about 46 seconds. ·

The protective cover 33 prevents an accumulation of algae or Tang on the probe 1, on the guide part 29 or on other parts inside, even if the transducer is longer Time is immersed in water and thus ensures reliable operation even for a longer period of time. the Protective cover can be made from a less expensive vinyl chloride resin

it/

be manufactured, although this is chemically less resistant,

. -29-

309842 / Q9QI

than polyethylene. It can be the entire holding part 30 by the Permanent magnets 31 may be formed.

Instead of the holding part 30 by means of the sensor 1 in the floating To maintain the state, the sensor 1 can also be through the body 2 being held. An example of this solution is shown in FIG. 4. Here is one end of each band-like elements la and 1b at diametrically opposite points of the periphery of a holding part 30 attached. The attachment is by means of an annular groove 35 in. Scope of the holding part 30 and through A spring ring 36 is clamped in the annular groove, the ends of the elements 1a and 1b forming the sensor being clamped therebetween are. The elements extend around the Peripheral surface of the holding part 30 and parallel to the axis. Of the Body 2 is formed inside with an integrally molded mounting base 37, which is almost the same diameter as the holding part 30 and the other end as a sensor serving element 1 is by means of a spring ring 38 on the The peripheral surface of the mounting base 37 is clamped. Of the Holding part 30 is thus by the elements 1a and 1b in one Position above the switch * 14 · suspended in which the switch normally open.

When the liquid to be detected is touched, it acts as a measuring sensor serving elements 1a and 1b are dissolved, the

-30-

309842/0909

Bell older JO down and, turns on switch 14. at A specific example were the elements 1a and 1b made of polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate in tape form with a Thickness of 50 It, a width of 10 to · 20mm and a length manufactured by JOG up to 5OO mm.

E ¹ Ig. 5 shows a further embodiment using a measuring sensor 1 in the form of a tape. A holding part 30 is carried by the lower end of a cylindrical body 2 and has a recess 40 at the top into which the lower end of the body 2 is inserted. A permanent magnet 31 is held coaxially with the recess 40 by the holding part 30. A reed contact 14 is arranged inside the body 2 so that it is located opposite the permanent magnet 31
Piece forms. On the bottom surface of the body 2 is a
IT guide rod 43 attached, which is' through the through the
Plansch 42 defined opening extends to a point in the vicinity of the lower end of the opening 41 and at the lower end
End carries a stop 32.

A tape-shaped probe 1 extends lengthwise from the outside on the upper part of the body 2 over the floor

-31- 309842/0909

surface of the holding part'30 along the opposite side of the body 2 "up to its upper part. To the opposite The ends of the sensor 1 are clamped against the body 2 by means of a spring ring. The holding part 30 is through the Gravity biased downward. It is also by means of a helical spring 44 which surrounds the guide rod 43 and between the bottom surface of the body 2 and the flange is arranged, biased in the same sighting.

When the sensor 1 with the liquid to be detected in When touch comes, it is dissolved. As a result, the holding part 30 moves downwards and gets out of the area of the Beedkontaktes 14, whereby this is opened. As a result of the Engagement between the flange 42 and the stop 32 is prevents the holding part 30 from sinking to the sea floor. As soon as the dissolution of the sensor 1 begins, it is effected by gravity, as by the spring 44, on the holding part 30 applied bias that the sensor 1 quickly tears off, whereby the response speed can be improved in an advantageous manner. It should be noted, however, that the spring 44 can also be omitted.

In Fig. 6, a further embodiment is shown in which a housing 45 is attached above a body 2 and a permanent magnet 31 by means of a on the top surface of the

-32- 309842/0909

| 31-62i4

The "coil spring '^ 6 attached to the housing is suspended & n the bottom fiäclie of the magnet 31 is an end 6ifi.es for the or the rope-shaped measuring sensor 1" attached | the sie'ii are allowed to open an opening in the body 2 out of the eye-45 over the free end a G-ewiön-fe ¥? täräges Me 'äül das 4 ¹ P ¹ einwiifeende ScliViferlsiäft dMek-bä§iL Hägneffen Ü ge'geii the Bbdenfiäölig in the ilussparüng of the body 2 IiM iÜ di§ö§i position is the magnet ψ \ atiBeriLäib der Se-ba-bigtingeikage Ιίίϊ öiiien ßeedköirfcältt; * 14j which is inne'rtoiiä .des <3- £ tl .Mü§§s 4 | located on a side wall * The EegdMntäiit fir'ä söiöit glf-efi geliäiteü »

der Fießfüiiler Λ Mt der 2über ^: fäss§Md§ii il ^ MSigileit iii

i then viii is ^{dissolved ei 1} and rids Bür'cJi the sciiräubenfeder ^ 6 the ierManeutinägnet | 1 ängiMfeen Mi iii a with the fieedköntälct 1 # filiertönd§ Actätigüäggiäge moved iiiea? EeedlSöntakt will eiMgösöliäitets ίϊώ eiä §6n1iiiig§n des MelifiiMlers' ^ i ^ u ■ V-eriiieiden. is to the ÖekoätMniiiii || iiniüitteitiär öberiLaiti des Ö-etiiciites Φ? eiüe with eiiier of- ^ nIiSg- ■ provided'BegrenäüngspiÄT * i-8 äiigei ^; örmt ^ thireh the sieli dfer iießfünler A extends * ΐβη during the transport -eiii fifeileä des Meßfiiniers Ί to Tefninderi is placed below on the iäekütfehulie 3l eiiäe folder # 9 ^ which the Öewgt ¥? tMgti you Eappe can be removed ^ tirenh dei? Messgefeer 'iii use is taken.

-33-

- THU -

Ά \\. Another embodiment with a banäi'öriüiijeij heSfühlcr 1. The feeler extends at the end of a body 2, the end regions running along opposite wall regions of the body 2. The ends of ceo filler 1 are attached to a housing 45. For this purpose, a hook 5C is attached to the bottom surface of the housing 45, with which a similar hair 51 attached to the sensor 1 engages. In the same way, two hooks 52 and 53 are used for the other end of the sensor 1, which are connected to a permanent magnet 31, which is rather arranged outside the housing 4-5 and suspended by means of a helical spring 46. The second end of the coil spring is attached to a projection of the housing. A switch 14 in the form of a microswitch is accommodated within the housing 45. A swivel arm 55 is provided which has a magnetic piece 54 at one end.

If the sensor 1 comes in with the liquid to be detected Touch, then, it is dissolved and tears. The magnet 31 is lifted by the spring 46 and thereby enters the Proximity of the magnet piece 54, which is attracted by it and the Swivel arm 55 pivots. An actuating pin 56 of the switch 14 is pressed by the pivot arm 55 and the switch actuated. A magnet 31 is provided on the housing 45 to guide it Guide frame 57 is provided. There are also two on the housing Connections 58 and 59 for the switch 14 attached. Of the

-34- 309842/0909

The microswitch can be replaced by a reed contact which is controlled by the movement of the magnet 31. '^;

üg. 8 shows another embodiment in use a tape-shaped probe i. Sin holding part 30 in lever-like Training, becomes the free end of a body 2 worn so that it forms part of the body. A probe 1 is attached so that it both the body 2 as also the holding part 30 encloses. In a recess in the Body 2 is the lever part opposite housed a coil spring 4-4, which the lever part and thus the entire Holding part pushes away from the body.

If the sensor 1 is dissolved and thereby tears or elongates as a result of softening, then it rotates the holding part 30 away from the body 2 and thereby also the magnet 31 held by the holding part of the one in the body 2 housed reed contact 14 moved away. The Beedköntakt will be opened. . ■ ■ -.-'- :.

G. 9 also shows an embodiment in which a band-shaped or rope-shaped probe 1 is used. On a body 2 is one end of a so-called tape switch 60 attached, which usually serves as a mat switch for an automatic door. The probe he 1 spans so from Body 2 to the free end of the tape switch 60 that the latter

-35-309842 / 0903

016284

a curved shape a ni mmt * A holding device for the sensor Ί comprises two opposing gripping parts 62 and 65 j which are rotatably connected to each other in the central area * A spring 64 pushes one ends of the gripping parts 62 and 63 apart * εο that the other ends of these gripping parts hold the sensor Λ.

The tape switch 60 contains a few resilient contact parts 65 "and 66 j which come into contact with each other j when the tape switch 60 assumes a curved shape t) _{the tape switch 60 is thus%} as long as the sensor Λ is not torn $ i held and switched off to the presence of the kömiüt in Berühruhg to be detected fflüssigköit än ^ iizeigeh _s ifeiih the probe Λ with this liquid and barren extended dissolves.

In the case of the described iermannentiäagheten f / \ ühd an eeed contact ^ 4 an occupancy of the magnetic magnet 35 ^ i veiHirsacht * A number of elevations of this kind is possible in which the permanent magnet % A ühd the eeed contact 14 can remain stationary A body 2 and a housing 45 are provided with a through hole in which an aesthetic shielding plate 6B is slidably disposed. an end§ of the measuring guide Λ

ORJOiNAL INSPECTED

attached, whose other or lower end in turn a weight 47 carries. A support part 69 is attached to the body 2 and a swivel arm is on this * -is with its central part rotatably mounted, the upper end at one end the shield plate 68 while a weight 71 is attached to the other end thereof.

A reed contact, not shown, which corresponds in its structure to the reed contacts 14 already described, and a permanent magnet, not shown, which is also the one already permanent magnets 31 described are located within the housing 45 »with the shielding plate 68 serves as a shield. If the probe is released and tears off, the pivot arm 70 rotates as a result of the weight 71 clockwise and the shielding plate 68 is removed from the housing pulled out. The reed switch comes into the area of influence of the permanent magnet and is switched on. Of the In this embodiment, the sensor can be band-shaped, rope-shaped, be thread-shaped or rod-shaped.

A few examples will now be explained in which the sensor 1 is pretensioned by means of a weight such as the weight 47 is and the resolution and the breakage of the sensor 1 are used to switch a switch according to that described Actuate switch 14.

-37-

30984270009 '

-57-

In the embodiment of FIG. 11 is a rod-shaped Sensor 1 formed from a suitable foamed synthetic resin, for example. At its lower end is a weight 47 appropriate. The upper end of the measuring sensor is connected to a rope or rope 72, which runs over pulleys -74-, the are attached to a columnar support member 69. The second end of the rope 72 is provided with a second weight 71 connected, which is set so that the sensor 1 is immersed in the flowing through a sewer 73 liquid. If the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and is dissolved and tears, then it falls the weight 71 on the actuating pin 56 of a switch 14 and turns the switch on or off.

In the embodiment of FIG. 12 is located within of a housing 45 is a microswitch 14 and a sleeve 75 rotatably mounted on a shaft, not shown, which is fastened in two opposite walls of the housing 45. The ends of the sleeve 75 protrude from the housing and are connected to the ends of a U-shaped bracket 76. On the base part between the legs of the bracket 76 is the upper end of a Sensor 1 attached, which is held by the bracket. On the opposite side of the bracket is within the Housing 45 attached to the sleeve 75, an arm 77 which carries a weight 71 at its free end. Through that through that The torque exerted on weight 47 becomes the second weight 71

-38-

309842/0909

-38- 1316284

usually printed against the actuation pin of the microswitch. If the sensor 1 dissolves in the liquid to be detected and tears, the weight pivots ^ Λ-χι & οΤα. down and the switch 14- is operated.

In the embodiment according to E ¹ Xg. 13, a microswitch 14 is accommodated in a housing 4-5, not shown, on which an axle 78 is attached. A leaf spring 79 is wound around this in such a way that its one end strikes against the housing of the microswitch 14 and the other end is thereby pushed upwards. The other end thus biased in an upward direction extends out of the housing 4-5 and is connected to a cord or rope 72 which carries a sensor 1 with a weight 4-7. The second end of the leaf spring is biased so by "the gravity of the weight down and thereby the actuating pin 56 pressed the microswitch. In a fraction of the probe 1, the leaf spring 79 springs upwardly and returns the operating pin 56 free. \

In the embodiment of Fig. 14- the top / end is a Sensor 1 connected to a guide rod 4-3, which extends through an opening in the base plate of a housing 4-5 in extends the interior of the housing. At the inner end of the A stop plate 80 is attached to guide bar 4-3. Between this and the bottom plate of the housing 4-5 is located

^: -39-

309842 / 09Ud

■■■■ »■ -

A helical spring 46 on the guide rod 43. When dissolving and breakage of the sensor 1, the spring 46 presses the stop plate 80 against the actuating pin 56 of a microswitch 14th

In the embodiment according to FIG. 15, it is at the upper end a body 2 is screwed onto a protective sheath 33 and a sensor 1 is attached to the bottom surface of this body the lower end of which a weight 47 is attached. Direct below the weight 47 is on the base plate 33 & a metal plate 82 is arranged on the protective cover. The weight 47 is made of metal or is on its lower surface with provided with a metal plate. The weight 47 or its metal bottom surface and the metal plate 82 are through two Lead wires 83 and 84 connected to two terminals 58 and 59 mounted in body 2. The weight 47 "and the Metal plate 82 serves as a switch 14 which is closed when the probe 1 ruptures.

A further embodiment is shown in FIG which, similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 15, does not use a pronounced switch. It contains a U-shaped holding frame 81 made of insulating material, the legs 51 a and 81 b by a coil spring 46 and a band-shaped or rope-shaped or rod-shaped sensor 1 bridged are. The coil spring is electrically conductive and on

-40- ' 309842/0900

316284

one end connected to a connector 58 on the support frame 81. The other end is as laterally extending, sheet-shaped contact 16 formed ..- A stationary contact 17 is attached to a terminal 59 so that it extends up to extends into a position opposite the contact 16. The space between contacts 16 and 17 is chosen so that that when the tension spring 46 is pulled together, a contact is made is established if the sensor 1 is dissolved and cracked or softened. .

While in the embodiments described so far a. Change in apparent specific gravity was primarily used to provide translational motion To cause actuating body for the signal transmitter, are Examples are now described in which the signal transmitter is actuated by the rotary movement of an actuating body.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 17, a measuring sensor 1 on its one end face an opening into which a body 2 so. is used that the two parts with each other are connected. The connection can be designed as a screw connection or brought about by two resilient tongues which are attached to the body 2 and hold the probe 1 resiliently. At the other end, the sensor enters 1 Weight 47 ·· The connection between the weight and the probe can be done in a manner similar to that between the probe

309842/0903

• and the body 2 be formed.

The body is at a point closer to the sensor 1 2 mounted on a shaft 86 "which is rotatable in two perpendicularly upwardly extending pillars from a base plate 87 88a and G8b is stored. Due to the weight 4'7 "on that the end of the probe 1 remote from the body 2, the arrangement inclines downward, whereby the probe 1 is pretensioned will. In the body 2 can be operated by a rotary movement Mercury switch 14 housed spin.

When the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and is dissolved, the weight 47 is released from the sensor 1. As a result, the body 2 rotates clockwise, or downwards, and the switch 14 is actuated. The sensor 1 can, as in Pig. 18 shown, be designed as a thread or rope. The body 2 is then provided with a hook 50 at the end closest to the shaft 86, for example, and the hook 5Q is connected to one side of the rope-shaped measuring sensor 1, which in turn bears the weight 47 at the lower end.

You can modify the embodiment shown in FIG also omit the weight 47. This is illustrated by FIG. 19. Here is through initially parallel to

-42-

309842/0909

Base plate 87 and then extensions running towards this a frame 89 is formed of the columns 88a and 88b and connecting the free ends of the extensions by means of a cross brace. The frame 89 is designed so that its lower (part against the free end of the sensor 1 pushes and so a rotation of the body 2 in a clockwise direction.

In addition to the embodiments according to FIGS. F and 2, liquid measuring transducers which are actuated by a rotary movement without the presence of an axis of rotation or a rotary shaft should be constructed in such a way that they can also be operated in an arrangement other than floating in a liquid when they are inside a protective wall installed weraen _e Ausführungsforaen this type are described below.

. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 20 embodiment, the device contains a block, of which the © © in half of a measuring element 1 and the other of a body 2 bestehto ^3D®r: block has eimen inner Kansl 90 ₉ durcii nevertheless ct © i · ifeBfiller 1 and the body 2 are connected sineL At · Kanal ^ 0 enäot on &ms' one side in a cutout 919 is. & ®m see © ia microswitch 14 is located. The switch bgsitat an actuating pin 56 on which a bulged drive piece 92 with a ball 93 rests so as to be rotatably fastened and through which the pin is pressed downwards.

-43-

30d842 / 0909

The liquid meter comprising this block can be accommodated within a protective wall 94 in a basin 95, usually referred to as a pit, in such a way that the sensor 1 and the body 2 lie next to one another. If, for example, only water collects in the basin 95 when it rains, the sensor floats 1 and the body 2 at the same time, but if the liquid to be detected flows into the basin, the sensor 1 has an increased weight and the body 2 floats upwards compared to the sensor Λ The switch 14 is actuated by the weight relief at the location of the actuating pin 56. The bulged actuating piece 92 prevents interference from premature movement of the ball 93 in the event of an external vibration and ensures that the ball 93 only moves when the angle of inclination - of the channel 90 has reached a certain value .. By the once initiated movement of the ball 93, the tilting movement of the channel 90 is promoted. The microswitch 14, the ball 93 and the like can be dispensed with simply by inserting a predetermined amount of electrically conductive liquid into the channel 90 and arranging two contacts at the opposite end of the cutout.

On the other hand, the channel 90 can also be removed completely and inside the body 2 ″, for example, he scolded a mercury

-44-

309842/0909

be accommodated.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 21, the sensor 1 is formed as a column made of foamed synthetic resin material, in which a switch 14 is accommodated. The measuring sensor 1 stands in a basin 95. When the liquid to be detected flows into the basin, the lower part of the measuring sensor 1 is dissolved, the body "loses its balance and falls over. This actuates the switch 14. "

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, a block-shaped sensor 1 has a pyramidal shape on its upper side opening into which a body 2 with an in the shape adapted lower end is inserted standing. If the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and is dissolved, then the body 2 loses its equilibrium as a result of the punctiform lower end and tips over around. The switch 14 housed inside the body 2 is not required if the body 2 is made of metal and the sensor 1 is placed on a metal plate 82, so that when the body 2 overturns this with the metal plate 82 comes into electrical connection and thereby the switching process is achieved. The body 2 can additionally with a Flag 96 may be provided to provide a remotely visible indication of the presence of the liquid to be detected to deliver when the body falls over. The flag 96 represents a

-45-

3098A2 / 0909

mechanical signaling.

I) as! Determining the liquid to be detected can also be done in done in such a way that on contact with the liquid a change in the apparent specific gravity of the sensor 1 made of electrically conductive material a break causes a direct change in electrical resistance. An embodiment that realizes this principle is in J? y. 23 shown. A body 2 has one end from which a Kaibel 18 extends. On the opposite End are a center electrode 97 and a coaxial, cylindrical electrode 98 is provided through an insulating sleeve 99 are made of polyethylene. The electrodes §7 and 98 are connected to lead wires 83 included in the cable 18 and 84 connected. The remaining space inside the body is filled with epoxy resin 23. The body 2 and the electrodes 97 and 98 are flush. Preferably, however, the center electrode 97 protrudes slightly outward.

A sensor 1 is attached to this end face of the body 2, which, as in i * ig. 23A shown enlarged on a surface is provided with a conductive layer 100, which in turn with the electrodes 97 and 98 in contact stands. The conductive layer 100 can by vapor deposition of aluminum, by applying or printing an electrically

-46-

309842/0900

conductive paint, by spraying metal or the like. The end of the body 2 adjacent to the electrodes is fastened by means of a clamping sleeve 101 which has a circumferential flange 102 which fastens the measuring sensor 1 with respect to the body 2. .

When the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected, it is inflated. At the same time, the carrier for the electrically conductive layer 100 is lost, so that it flows away and the current path between the electrodes 97 and 98 becomes non-conductive or assumes the resistance determined by the specific resistance of the liquid. In this way, the signal indicating the presence of the fluid in question is generated. In a specific embodiment, the sensor 1 was formed from a polystyrene layer with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 60 yW- . Aluminum was evaporated onto this layer to produce the conductive layer 100. In this transducer, there was an interruption in 3 seconds between electrodes 97 and 98 at 100 % styrene, demonstrating the rapid response of this embodiment. If the electrode 97 protrudes slightly over the end face of the body Z and the electrode 98, a good contact is achieved between the electrodes 97) 98 and the conductive layer 100.

-4-7-

309842/0909

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3. 24 has a probe 1 a conductive layer 100 with electrodes 97 and 98 formed on opposite ends on one surface. Of the middle part of the probe can fall off to the point in question To capture liquid. The probe 1 with the conductive layer 100 can be mass-produced as a large one Layer are made, which is cut according to the desired size.

As a further example of the use of a tape-shaped probe with a conductive layer, EIg. 25 one Sensor 1 applied along the outer surface of a columnar body 2 around one end of that body and on opposite end of this body ends on opposite sides. On this end of the body 2 inclusive of the ends of the probe is a cap 104 of insulating material put on. Two contact springs 105 and 106 extend axially along the inner surface of the cap 104 and point between their End up a bulge. The upper end of the body 2 is provided with a circumferential bead 107 and when the cap 104 is placed, this is resiliently over the intermediate ends of the sensor 1 with the contact springs 105 and 106 in Link. The contact springs 105 and 106 are with terminals 58 and 59, which are fastened in the cap 104.

- 48 309842/0909

- ■ 1316284

It can be seen j that solve and bite on the probe 1 between the terminals 58. imcl 59 a change in the electrical Resistance occurs *

The lig. 26A and 26B illustrate another way of attaching the Conductive tape used as a probe * A body 2 has a central bore in which an elongated mandrel 108 is secured with a cutting edge at one end. A probe extends adjacent to the cutting edge of the mandrel 108 around the face of the body 2 and on this end is a Cap 104 attached, which as described for KLg * 25, is building. The other end of the dome 108 protrudes from the body in front of and the probe 1 extends along the outer wall of the body 2 and protrudes beyond its end. A cap-shaped one electrically conductive connecting part is on the the lower end of the body 2 is placed over the sensor 1. Of the Connecting part 109 has an inner bead 11.0, which in an annular groove engages on the circumference of the body 2 and presses the probe 1 when the connecting part is placed. Via the connecting part 109, the two free. Ends of the electrically conductive layer 100 on the sensor 1 electrically connected. When putting on the connecting part The dome 108 is also pressed inwardly onto the body 2 and through the edge of the. Probe inside the cap 'cut apart / (see Fig. 26B).

- $ 49-309842 / 080

The implementation according to Pig. 27 points into an end face a body 2 cut relatively deep grooves 13 and 113. Two L-shaped levers 114 and 115 are on one Sidewall of the body so rotatably hinged that you one bchenlucl each swiveled into the relevant groove 112 or 113 odor can be harder to ground again. The two Ends of a band-shaped Keß filler 1 can when the lever 114 and 115 rotate, associated with these respectively are and are inserted into the grooves 112 and 113, respectively. On an oteckerblock 104a there are two electrically conductive contact springs 105a and 105b, between which an outer part of the Body 2 is resiliently held when the Eontaktfeder 105b is inserted into the groove 112, while two other Eontaktfedern 106a and 106b resiliently hold the other outer part of the body 2 between them when the contact spring 106b in the groove 113 is used. Me two Eontaktfedern 105a and 105b are connected to a terminal 58, while the two Contact springs 106a and 106b with a connection 59 in connection stand. The contact springs 105b and 106b can be designed so that between them the between the grooves 112 and 113 located part of the body 2 is held. In this way, the contact springs 105 and 106 are connected to the conductive layer 100 on the sensor 1 electrically connected. A suitable Kihrung of the sensor 1 can be on the circumference of the body two shallow and relatively wide grooves 116 may be provided,

- 30 -

309842/0909 ^

which take up the probe 1. '■.

The described embodiments according to the i'ig /. 25 to 27 represent means, which at the same time with a fastening of a tape-shaped measuring sensor, the electrical connection with make this easier. The probe can also be supplied by a supply coil be handled. Fig. 28 illustrates one such Arrangement. ■

A relatively thick rectangular plate made of synthetic resin material The body 2 containing it has an integrally formed projection 118 on one side. Inside the body 2 is a target 119 made of a tape-shaped probe 1 with a conductive layer 100 is accommodated. The rectangular plate has ah this place near one corner an opening 120 that extends from one surface to the other. A rod 121 is connected to the rectangular plate and extends perpendicularly out of the center of the bottom of the opening 120. A spool 122 with an inside diameter which ensures free running on the rod 121 is seated on the latter Rod and is wound with the probe to form the roll which is then received within opening 120. The probe 1 is unwound from the roll within the body 2 and extends around the projection 118 on this At the end, a band channel 123 is formed in the body 2, which is in communication with the opening 120 and up to the connection point of the projection 118 on the body 2 runs. The sensor 1

-51- 309842/0900

extends around the free oath of protrusion 118 and lengthways the opposite wall of this projection and then enters a second ligament channel 124 formed in the body 2, around the substantially inverted L-shape tape channel 123 from the junction between follow the protrusion 118 and the body 2 to a central area on the other side of the body 2.

In an unspecified section, which is connected to the tape channel 123 at a point between its two ends stands, a first electrode 97 is fitted. A second electrode 9B is fitted in a similar cutout, the communicates with the tape channel 124 at a point between the two ends thereof. On the opposite of the electrode 97 lying side of the tape channel 123 is a small hole 125 formed in the body 2, which extends to the one Side wall of the body extends and is partially threaded for a screw -126, which serves to to press a pressure piece 128 resiliently against the probe by means of a helical spring 127. In this way, the Sensor 1 pressed against the electrode 97 and thereby between the electrode 97 and the sensor 1 an electrical Get in touch. Similarly, in the body 2, opposite the electrode 98, a small hole 129 is formed, in a screw 130 is screwed through which a pressure piece 132 by means of a helical spring against the electrode 98

-52-309842 / $ 090

is pressed. The body 2 is provided with a cutout into which a connecting piece 133 is inserted and also with Slots 134- / and 135 for receiving lead wires between the respective electrodes 97 and 98 and the connector 133 · Not shown in the drawing is one on the main surface of the body 2, in which the opening 120 the channels 123, 124 etc. are formed, removably applied Cover plate.

In the presence of the liquid to be detected, the one extending around the projection 118 and 'into the liquid Immersed sensor 1 dissolved and the current path between • electrodes 97 and 98 interrupted. With regard to that resilient pressing of the sensor 1 against the electrode 97 by means of the pressure piece, the measuring sensor remaining in the band channel 123 can be pulled out by hand and placed around the projection and after removing the cover plate by lightly ' tes pressing the pressure piece 132 against the spring 131 in the band channel 124- are used. After that the transducer is ready for operation again. In this way a repeated one Use allowed until the probe 1 on the roll 119 is used up. As an alternative arrangement, in the body 2 two rolls of tape are accommodated, the sensors of which extend on opposite sides of the projection 118 along and their free ends by suitable means

-53-309842 /0909

make an electrical connection between the ends, are clamped on the projection.

29 shows a further exploded view Embodiment using a conductive layer 100 . Two plate-shaped sensors 1a and 1b with a conductive one Layer 100 on the surface of at least one of the sensors, hold two supported by a bracket 136 Electrodes between them. The arrangement has become a uniform Structure melted together. The conductive layer 100 is arranged to short-circuit electrodes 97 "and 98. If the sensor 1 is dissolved in the liquid to be detected, then the conductive layer 100 loses its Carrier and is washed away. Thus the connection between electrodes 97 and. 98 interrupted and the electric Resistance increased. The change in electrical resistance is used to give a signal.

Instead of inserting electrodes 97 and 98 between the probes as shown in FIG. 29, as shown in FIG. 30A and 30B shown in a probe 1 is a thin conductive one Layer 100 are embedded, wherein the layer is U-shaped and at opposite ends with electrodes 97 and 98 formed by deposition on the outer surface of one end of the probe 1, respectively.

-54- 309842/0909

In addition to this deposition, the electrodes 97 and 98 in the form of a plug or a screw socket be, the latter being obtained in that at least part of the sensor is designed as a base is formed and in this a threaded hollow cylindrical electrode and a centrally arranged electrode will.

In the embodiment of FIG. 31, two extend rod-shaped electrodes 97 and 98 through a sensor 1 foamed synthetic resin and are held by this at "distance. The ends of the electrodes 97 and" 98 stand slightly from the surface of the measuring sensor 1, on which an electrically conductive coating 100 is formed, through the the electrodes are short-circuited. The use of a protective cover 33 prevents seaweed from sticking and also a malfunction due to a change in temperature, if the ' Sensor materials, such as paraffin, rubber, wax or the like, which are used in a. Temperature change a shape

V-

suffer change.

A pretensioning device can be used to increase the speed of response be used, which favors the deformation of the sensor 1. The embodiment of FIG. 32 shows for Example of a cylindrical probe 1 with two axially

. ■. '' '.' ■ .... "-55-309842 / 090 $

extending, opposing, conductive ScMents 10Oa and 100b formed on the inner surface. A Body 2 made of insulating material is arranged axially to the sensor 1 and mechanically fastened at one end. At the other The end of the sensor 1 carries a connecting part 109 that the connecting conductive layers 100a and 100b together ». Between the body 2 and the connecting part 109 is a Coil spring 44- arranged. When the central area of the sensor 1 begins to dissolve, the spring 44 acts a quick! separation into an upper and a lower part.

In a concrete example using the arrangement shown in Fig. 32, the probes 1a and 1b were made of polystyrene having a thickness of 60 microns and a length of 10 mm. The conductive layers 100a and 100b were formed by evaporated aluminum having a thickness of 500%. The spring tension exerted on the probes 1a and 1b by the spring was 1 kg. The arrangement was immersed in water at 20.degree. C., on which a styrene layer, which was now thick, had been formed as the liquid to be detected. The sensors 1a and 1b were separated within a few seconds. Then, the probes 1a and 1b were made of polyamide resin (nylon 66) with the thickness and the width and the preload being as given above. If the sensors were immersed in an aqueous solution of 9 »5 % hydrochloric acid, which simulates the liquid to be detected

-56-

309842/0909

they were separated in 65 seconds.

As shown in IFig · 33, the pretensioning device can also consist of a weight. In this embodiment, a sensor 1 is at its one end by a screw on one One side of a body 2 is attached and carries a weight 47 at its other end. The sensor 1 has a conductive layer 100 on, one end of which has a 5S connection on the body 2 and the other end is connected to a terminal 59 via a lead wire 84. The sensor 1 can be rod or be formed in a band shape. At the point where the senior Layer 100 is electrically and mechanically connected to a terminal or the like, it can be used to ensure a Electrically and mechanically stable connection, instead of being fastened with a screw, with a conductive varnish and then cast in epoxy resin. Instead of providing a conductive layer 100, the sensor 1 can also self-conductive particles, e.g. B. made of silver, are added,

to make the probe itself conductive. .

The following group of exemplary embodiments is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes is designed to be resilient in order to give them a bias, thereby reducing the occurrence of a change in the apparent specific Weight of the sensor, the bias in a mechanical way causes an interruption of the current path.

309842/090 «_57_

In the first version shown in Pig.34 this Art will be two connected electrodes 97 and 9S when! determining the presence of the liquid to be detected separated from each other. The two electrodes 97 and 98 are made of resilient material and are attached to your one End held together by means of a bracket. The spring action of the resilient material is such that it causes the electrodes to spring apart. Like Pig. 34A shows the electrodes are forced into the position shown by means of an annular sensor 1. The ring-shaped sensor 1 can by pressing the electrodes together and is put on by the peder effect of the electrode material in the position shown. A thread-like, electrically conductive part 109 connects the free ends of the held together Electrodes 97 and 98. If the sensor 1 is dissolved, then the spring force of the electrode material is sufficient to to separate the thread-like electrically conductive part 109.

In the Pig. 35, a spherical probe 1 made of foamed synthetic resin material has an opening 138 that picks up one electrode subgroup, which two contains elastically deformed electrodes 97 and 98, which by a thread-like electrically conductive member 109 held in the compressed position. The opening 138 can be by means of a sealant 139 be hermetically sealed. On the other hand, only the end parts of the electrical

-58- 309842/0909

the 97 and 98 including the thread-like part 109 used and be held in this opening.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 36, the measuring sensor 1
two grooves 140 and 14-1 in one surface. On this
Surface an electrically conductive layer is formed as a connecting part 109, which covers the interior of the grooves and
connects the grooves. Two electrodes 97 and 98 are held together at one end by means of a holder 136. The free ends of the electrodes are inserted into the grooves 140 and 141 in the compressed state.

In the embodiment according to Jig. 37, compared to FIG
Ends of electrodes 97 and 98 are electrical with one
conductive tape-shaped connector 109 wrapped around it. if
If the sensor 1 dissolves, the electrodes 97 and 98 spring outward due to their elasticity and tear the connecting part 109 which falls off.

In the embodiment according to EIg. 38 are opposite each other contacts at the free ends of electrodes 97 and 98 16 or 17 attached and the ends of the electrodes are pressed closely together while overcoming the spring force of the

. . -59-

309842/0909

Electrode material these ends are formed in the sensor 1 Cutout 138 inserted. As in the embodiment according to fig. 35 can hold the entire facility in the sensor 1 can be accommodated. One of the two electrodes 97 and 98 can be rigid.

In the embodiment of FIG. 39, the elasticity of the Material for the electrodes 97 and 98 is not used, but the ends of the two electrodes are complete by means of one in the sensor 1 molded, rod-shaped, conductive Connecting part 109 bridged. When the probe 1 is released, the connector 109 falls down. Provided If the sensor 1 contains a material such as paraffin which deforms when the temperature changes, it can be converted into a self-supporting one Structures, such as B. a network 140a can be installed.

In Pig. 40 shows a measuring cell in which, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 39, the electrical resistance increases when the measuring sensor 1 is dissolved. In the embodiment according to FIG. 40, the measuring sensor 1 is designed in the form of a sleeve closed at one end, in which two rod-shaped electrodes 97 and 98 as well as a connecting part 109 containing a conductive liquid or conductive particles are accommodated. At the open end of the probe 1 is a threaded base 141 ^;

-60- 309842/0909

attached, which is connected to the electrode 97 in connection. In the middle of the base part 141 and isolated from it, a contact 142 is arranged, which is connected to the electrode 98 is. When the sensor "1" dissolves, the internal contained liquid, or it will be the inside Particles are dispersed and thereby the electrodes 97 and 98 are electrically isolated from each other. It can go through the presence of the liquid to be detected between the electrodes 97 and 98 also only in comparison to the state before dissolving the electrical resistance will be increased.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 41, a sleeve-shaped Sensor 1 a connecting part 109 comprising a conductive liquid or a conductive powder. The sleeve-shaped Sensor 1 is closed at its opposite ends by means of two electrodes 97 and 98, to which in turn . Spherical body 152 and 153 to achieve the necessary Buoyancy are attached so that the sensor 1 is held in the floating state on a liquid 25 .. When dissolving of the sensor 1, the connection between the electrodes 97 and 98 is lost.

Fig. 42 illustrates the use of a metal piece as a connecting part 109, which is between two electrodes 97 and 98 is held. This subgroup is in a box-shaped

-61-

09842/0909

Sensor 1 housed. If the "sensor 1 the connecting part 1G9 falls off. The mentioned subgroup can be molded into a material forming the sensor 1.

In a further example, an arrangement is chosen in which two mutually electrically isolated electrodes are used and the electrical resistance between the two electrodes when the liquid to be detected flows in changes. This embodiment is shown in Figs. 4-3. It should be noted that they are generally that of Figures 4-1 corresponds, but that the connecting part shown in this figure IO9, which consists of a liquid or of particles exists, does not exist. Instead, the space inside the small measuring sensor 1 is provided with an insulating one Gas or an insulating liquid, so that the distance between the two electrodes 97 "imcL 98 is normally is not necessary. Enter when probe 1 dissolves both the liquid 25 'and the liquid which it collects 27 in the interior. The distance between the electrodes thereby changes from the electrically non-conductive state to a state in which it changes due to the presence of the liquids 25 and 27 is conductive. This change is made by a external electrical circuit detected. It should be noted that this embodiment can only be used where the liquid is present 27 is conductive, if it is assumed that only

-62- 309842 / Q9Q9

this "liquid 27 penetrates. On the other hand, the sensor 1 as a fixed element, e.g. B, be formed as a rod, in which the electrodes 97 and 98 are embedded. In this In this case, the probe 1 may be made of synthetic resin and the electrodes 97 and 98 may be heated prior to insertion. v / ground so that the areas of the probe 1 are adjacent to. The penetrating electrodes are slightly melted and this creates a cavity in which the electrodes are accommodated will. When the liquid to be detected 27, such as an oil floating on the liquid 25 which reaches the sensor 1, only the central part of this sensor comes into contact with the liquid 27 and is released. Through this, becomes the sensor 1 is separated into two parts, namely into an upper and a lower part, of which the lower part is in the Liquid 25 sinks. As a result, the liquid penetrates 25 into the space between electrodes 97 and 98 and connects them electrically via the liquid 25

The electrodes 97 and 9Q can each be in a separate probe are used and the two sensors formed in this way parallel at one end by a bracket at a close distance held to each other. In the embodiment according to Fig. 44 the sensors 1a and 1b are designed as thin sleeves, are loosely inserted into the electrodes 97 and 98, respectively.

- 63 -

309842/0909

The lower end of the sensors 1a and 1b can be left open since the electrodes 97 and 98 only have a liquid 25 of small cross-section are connected at this end and the electrical resistance is therefore high. On the other hand, the sensors 1a and 1b come with the liquid to be detected in contact and if they are dissolved in an intermediate area so that the lower parts can sink, then that is Cross-section between the electrodes large enough to lower the electrical resistance to a value that the display about the presence of the liquid to be detected. The electrodes 97 and 98 can be used to enlarge the opposing surfaces are cylindrical. The upper ends of the probes are not by means of a shown cap closed. ,

If material is used for the sensor that deforms when the temperature changes, such as paraffin, rubber or the like, the probe can be enclosed in a vessel or in a structure such as a network 140a, which the passage the liquid in question allowed. This case is shown in Fig. 4-5. Here the vessel 14-Oa is used as the one electrode 98 used. The other electrode 97 is in the probe 1 used.

The Ausluhrungsforin according to Fig. 4-6 is a cylindrical one

- 64- -

309842/0909

Electrode 98 "is used which contains a number of small openings .144 in a distributed arrangement. A two-fold cylindrical. Electrode 97 is located in coaxial arrangement within electrode 98. On the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of electrode 98 are sensors 1a and 1b. applied in the form _(a deposited layer. Upon dissolution of the sensors 1a and. 1b in the liquid to be detected is IMD between the two electrodes 97, 98 a conduction state made. the ends of the two electrodes, which are immersed in the fluid, can by a plate 145. If this end is left open, a certain amount of leakage current can flow (assuming that the electrodes are connected to a voltage source) before the sensors disintegrate is omitted on the inner or outer peripheral surface of the electrode 96, the plate 145 should be used and if the probe is made of electrically insulating material, plate 145 should be made of the same material as the probe.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 47, the sensor 1 is balloon-shaped and there are two electrodes 97 and 98 attached in it. The buoyancy of the sensor 1 is used, so that it floats on a liquid 25. When a suitable internal pressure is used, there is the advantage that the

309842/0909

No filler 1 when it comes into contact with the liquid to be detected is perforated. A material can be used as the sensor 1 which when touched iait the liquid to be detected softened. For Ilescan, for example, a G-unmi film can be used will. When the lint softens, the internal pressure dies away and cracks of the sensor 1. The sensor 1 can also, Tim it on the To make liquid floating, a block of foamed synthetic resin included in which the electrodes 97 and 9S are embedded are.

A device that prevents the ingress of a liquid Takes advantage of the dissolution of a measuring sensor built up atis a film, can be designed so that a part is buoyant in order to float on the penetrating liquid. Fig. 48 represents such an embodiment. A body 2 has a lower extension which is screwed into a guide cylinder 29 is to connect this to the body 2. The fluidizing cylinder 29 has a base plate on which a float 14 ^ a with a vertically upwardly extending Holding rod46 with a permanent magnet 31 carries, is stored. The extension of the body 2 screwed into the guide cylinder 29 contains an opening 147 into which and from which the permanent magnet 31 can be pushed. The uppermost part of the permanent magnet 31 is surrounded by the opening 147 recorded. On one of the permanent magnets 31 opposite ^

- 66 -

3098A2 / 0909

lowing point, a reed contact 14- is housed in the body 2.

The guide cylinder 29 has small ones in a distributed arrangement Openings 144 which are normally closed by a measuring sensor 1 applied in the form of a film or a layer are. Inside, the body 2 is a mercury switch 14 housed. The arrangement floats as shown is, on a liquid 25 »If the sensor 1 is in the Liquid is dissolved, this liquid can penetrate into the hollow body 148, which becomes heavier as a result. The facility fills up with the float 145a facing the then sinking hollow body 14-8 is raised and thus the seed contact 14 is actuated. The body, and the hollow body Comprehensive facility is designed similar to a ship in order to ensure good stability against waves.

Fig. 50 shows a further embodiment in which two semi-cylindrical Body 14-9 and 150 at their diameter he planes connected to each other and in this position by means of a measuring ' sensor 1 are held. The sensor 1 can be designed as a tape or plate and on both end faces of the composite be attached to the cylindrical body, extending over the two semi-cylindrical bodies .. Inside the upper semi-cylindrical body 149 is a

housed permanent magnet, not shown, while in the τ-iiiteren semi-cylindrical body 150 also does not 2eed contact shown is arranged so that it is opposite to the magnet. The device is adjusted so that the Connection plane, as shown, assumes an inclined position. When the sensor dissolves in the liquid to be detected the semi-cylindrical body 149 becomes free and falls off, opening the Beed contact.

51 shows a U-shaped holding frame 81, the leg ends of which are bridged by means of a sheet-shaped measuring sensor 1. A switch 14 is fastened on the holding frame 81 opposite the sensor 1. A movable body 151 is mounted between the sensor 1 and a pivot arm 55 articulated on the housing of the switch 14. Normally, the pivot arm 55 is pressed against an actuating pin 56 of the switch and the pin is thereby held in the pressed state. If the sensor 1 dissolves or softens, then the pivot arm 55 is free and can rotate counterclockwise. The actuation pin 56 can thereby become loose. '·

In the previous description it has been assumed that the Liquid meter is used in such a way that it points to the liquid of a sea, a river or a sewer

.- 68 309842/0909

swims. If by, the transducer itself is not sufficient drive can be achieved, it can be used in conjunction with a suitable Floats are used.

The based on several of the following J ¹ Ig. Liquid measuring transducers described can be used for monitoring a pipeline.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 52, the External surface of a pipeline 154- a probe 1 attached which extends along the pipeline. The sensor 1 consists of a material that 'moves in contact with the through the pipeline 154 · dissolves flowing liquid. It can be made of polyisoprene or polystyrene if petroleum or styrene is being carried through the pipeline. The sensor 1 is with a · conductive layer 100 provided by vapor deposition of Aluminum can be formed. The one consisting of both elements Probe is attached to the pipeline. If the>. Metal pipeline, then the conductive layer 100 after directed outwards. In this way, an electrical current path is formed through the conductive layer 100, from one end to the other end of the pipeline.

If a crack occurs in the pipeline 154- the leakage of the liquid flowing through the pipeline,

- 69 98 4-2 '/' 69-Ot

then the area of the measuring filler 1 with the! liquid comes into contact, dissolved and consequently also the corresponding part of the conductive layer 100 is removed, since its Carrier is lost. The electrical current path formed by the conductive layer 100 is thus interrupted. It will be a Signal received indicating the fact that a leak has occurred in pipeline 154-. By sending out an impulse from one end of the conductive layer and measuring the time which elapses until the reflected from the point of interruption When the wave returns, it is possible to locate the location of the leak along the pipeline 154-.

In the embodiment according to JPig. 53 is on a sensor 1 a protective strip 155 made of a flexible insulating material such as Vinyl chloride applied, which is in direct contact with the conductive layer 100. The protective strip is together with the sensor 1, which forms the innermost layer, mounted on a pipeline 154-. By the presence of the protective strip can damage the sensor 1 as well as deterioration of the conductive layer 100 in a underground pipeline 154- can be prevented.

In the embodiment according to Hg. 54- are on opposite sides Surfaces of a sensor 1, which consists of a relatively thin band of foamed polystyrene, two self-supporting band-

- 70 -

309842/0909

shaped electrodes 97 and 98 attached. They become annular through curved leaf springs 156, which are arranged along the sensor 1 at suitable intervals, resiliently against the Sensor 1 printed. This measuring device is installed along a pipeline. It may be noted at this point that that in several figures only the transducer is shown, but not the associated pipeline. When the probe 1 by, a liquid flowing out of the pipeline 154 is dissolved the elasticity of the leaf springs 156 causes the electrodes 97 and 98 to come into contact with one another. In the The electrodes 97 and 98 are the embodiment according to FIG. 55 formed by wires with separate sensors la and 1b are covered and held together elastically by springs 156.

In the embodiment of FIG. 56A, a hollow cylindrical one Sensor 1 provided in the by suitable means in coaxial Arrangement of an electrode 97 in the form of a helical spring and a linear electrode 98 are held on the axis of this coil spring. If sensor 1 dissolves (see 56B), a torsional stress previously imparted to electrode 97 causes that electrode to flex up to a Contact with electrode 98.

In the embodiment of Fig. 57A, one sensor is off

'. ■■ '; _.- ■ - 71 ~

300842/0908

foamed synthetic resin material and has a cylindrical shape. A ribbon-shaped electrode 97 is helically wrapped around the outer periphery of the probe. A substantially linear electrode made of flexible material is held with a slight zigzag displacement in the axis of the probe 1, but without touching the outer electrode 97th If necessary, the electrode 97 can with a protective film 1 ¹ of the same material as used for the sensor 1 to be coated. If a leak occurs in the pipeline, the protective film 1 and the measuring sensor 1 are dissolved and the electrode 98 sags or falls off until it comes into contact with the electrode 97, as shown in FIG. 57B is shown.

In Fig. 58 an arrangement similar to that in Fig. 57 is shown, but with the difference that the center electrode 98 in suitable spacings conductive weights 47 are attached, so that when the sensor 1 dissolves, the weights 47 drop and touch electrode 97. The sensors of the various described embodiments can be along a Pipeline can be arranged from the beginning to the end. the The total length of the pipeline can also be divided into sections and there can be a single probe in each section be provided. The encoder shown in Fig. 16 can by

- 72 - 309842 / 09Q9

Use of a linear probe 1, which is located along the pipeline is arranged to be modified. The holding frame 81 shown in this figure can be made of protective Material must be replaced, which allows penetration of the liquid conveyed through the • pipeline. The holding frame can also through a protective tube from one with the protective one Material coated network to be replaced. One end of the linear probe 1 is attached to one end of the pipe, while the other end of the linear probe 1 is attached to the other end of the pipe and a conductive one therebetween Coil spring 46 is arranged. Such a trained transducer may be placed at suitable locations along a pipeline. Suitable chemicals can be added to the sensor 1 to prevent rat or termite degradation.

Fig. 5.9 shows a means for determining the location of a Leaks in the pipeline can be detected using any of several described liquid meter. Several liquid meters are arranged one after the other along the pipeline and each of these transducers is a unit 158a, 158b> 158c, which is in the same place as the relevant Encoder is located. The units are identical in structure. Each contains a delay circuit .159 »one den

- 73 -30984270909

Backflow preventing diode 160 to which the output signal of the delay circuit is fed, one on the respective one Place arranged encoder and a logical product of the output variables of the delay circuit 159 and encoder constituting network 162, i.e. a coincidence circuit. Two lines 163 and 164 run along the pipeline When a switch 165 is turned on at the monitoring station of the pipeline, the delay circuit 159 becomes the closest Unit 158a is supplied with a pulse from a supply source .166 and this after a predetermined time delay passed on via the diode 160 to the line 163 and to the coincidence circuit 162 and the measuring transducer 161. If on If there is no leak at this point, the encoder remains electrically switched on, so that the one supplied to the encoder Pulse reaches coincidence circuit 162. This forwards an output signal to line 164. Lines 163 and 164- are with an antivalence activation 167 (exclusive or) tied together. It is well known that an antivalence circuit is generated "O" output signal when the two input signals are the same and an "ON" output if the two inputs are unequal. In the present case, assuming that there is no leak at the point corresponding to unit 15Ga was established, the exclusive OR circuit 167 receives two lines 163 and 164 pulses and thus generates a "0" output signal. .

- 74 -

309842/0909

A. End of line 164 · is also · connected to a recorder 168 and a counter 169 connected. When the switch 165 is turned on, the recorder 168 in Commissioned and the counter 169 reset. After passing through unit 158a, the pulse is transmitted via line 170 the delay circuit 159 of the closest unit 158b, there is again no leak at this point is, the exclusive OR circuit 167 produces the output "O" and accordingly the recorder draws 168 the return of the pulse and the counter 169 now contains the number 2. In this way, the output signal is the successive units 158 checked one after the other. If there is a leak in the pipeline at a certain point, then at this point the encoder is switched off, so that there is no output signal from the coincidence circuit 162 of the unit concerned is delivered. As a result, the exclusive OR circuit 167 generates the signal "1" which is used as the control signal can be used for an alarm device I7I. It won't Pulse fed back to the recording device 168 and thus no pulse registered in the device. By determining the Position in the time axis at which a pulse is missing, the encoder 161 can be determined, which has not sent back a pulse, and thus the point at which the leak occurred in the pipeline. On the other hand, the leak can also be using a conductive layer or an electrode in one

. - 75 -309842/0909

along the pipeline arranged measuring sensors 1 are determined as part of elements which the oscillation frequency of an oscillator determine and cause a change in the oscillation frequency if the conductive layer or the electrode is torn is briefly closed.

While the previous description deals primarily with the resolution and weight gain of the sensor, which occur with a change in the apparent specific gravity, it is also possible for a change in the apparent specific gravity To record weight, in the form of a softening of the measuring sensor on contact with the liquid to be detected occurs. In Fig. 60 an example of this: A.rt. Is shown. A first electrode 97 of one of a hemisphere and a downwardly adjoining cone shape is within embedded in a sensor 1, but biased downward by gravity. The sensor 1 is in one Vessel, such as a network-like vessel 140a, housed, into which the liquid can penetrate. Just below the First electrode 97, a second electrode 98 is placed on the bottom plate of the vessel. The two electrodes 97 and are connected to a connector 137 by lead wires 83 and 84, respectively. When the liquid to be detected penetrates into the vessel 140a, the sensor 1 softens Electrode 97 fall due to gravity and into

- 76 309842/0909

Connect the electrode 98. Because of the pointed shape of the lower end of the electrode, its fall is accelerated when the sensor 1 softens, and thereby within a short period of time Time to receive a signal. As materials that are in contact soften with the liquid to be detected, paraffin, wax, rubber or the like are suitable. Because these materials are subjected to deformation even when the temperature changes, the vessel 140a causes a disturbance as a result a temperature change prevented.

If the network-like vessel 140a containing the sensor 1 tapered with its tip directed downward, and the electrode 97 is given the shape of a sphere like this is shown in Fig. 61, then there is a higher reliability with respect to the operation of the connected electrical Circuit achieved because the contact area between the electrodes is increased when the electrode 97. with the other electrode 98 comes into contact, which is formed by the vessel 140a.

62 illustrates the use of a spring to bias an electrode. The electrode 97 is in a probe 1 embedded, from which a rod 43 extends horizontally extends outside. The free end of the rod 43 carries a stop 173 · A coil spring 46 sits between the stop 173 and an opposing stationary holder 174-

309842 / 090-0

the rod 43 and presses the stop 173 and thus the electrode 97 in the direction of the other electrode 98.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 60 to 62, the sensor 1 can be designed so that when it comes into contact with the liquid to be detected is dissolved * -

Fig. 63 illustrates another embodiment of a probe which softens upon contact with the liquid to be sensed. A base plate 87 is provided with two parallel butts 176 and 177 on its upper surface. The hips are spanned by a plate-shaped measuring sensor 1. The sensor 1 softens on contact with the liquid to be detected and can consist of paraffin or rubber if the liquid is hexane and of vinyl chloride if the liquid is acetone. A needle 178 extends perpendicularly to a point of contact in the central region of the measuring sensor 1, so that a displacement signal is generated when the measuring sensor softens. An arm 179 in the form of a is attached to the base plate 87. inverted L and provided with a small hole 180, which receives the needle 178 in a loose fit, which is supported on the sensor 1. In order to increase the speed of displacement of the needle 178 during softening or to increase the speed of response, a weight 47 can be attached to the needle 178 between the arm 179 and the base plate c ¹ /.

309842/0909

The signal transmitter includes a laterally extending arm 181, which is attached to the bottom surface of the weight 47 and the free end of which is immediately above an actuating pin 56 of a microswitch 14, which is on the vertical Part of the angled arm 179 is attached. The probe comes 1 in contact with the liquid to be detected and is softened, then needle 178 is slid downward and thereby the microswitch is actuated by means of the arm 181. The weight 47 can be replaced by a helical spring which presses the needle 178 against the sensor 1. The plate-shaped one Probe 1 should be thin enough to allow needle 178 to penetrate it when it is softened, so that it can ' which forms one electrode, comes into contact with the second electrode, which is between the sensor 1 and the base plate 87 is arranged to generate a signal

The embodiment according to Jig. 64 shows an arrangement in which the sensor 1 upon contact with the. To be detected ■ Liquid shrinks and tii er through a change in the apparent specific gravity is caused. The probe contains a plate made of methyl methacrylate (MMA). On two hanging devices 182 and 183 are attached to opposite ends of this plate. The plate will be inclusive these suspension devices by means of a coil spring 46

- 79 -309842/0909

between the vertical legs of a U-shaped holding frame 81 held in the cocked state. If the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and shrinks, then since the suspension device 182 remains stationary with respect to the adjacent leg, the suspension device 18J opposes it the spring force of the coil spring 46 against the hanger Ί82 drawn. This movement creates a on the base plate of the holding frame 81 attached microswitch 14 actuated. In the embodiment according to FIG. 65, two elongated plate-shaped electrodes 97 and 98 are made relatively flexible material held by two insulating spacers 184 and 185 in an opposing arrangement. Around To assemble the electrodes into a unit is a matter of inserting them with spacers 184 and 185 in between Sensor 1 in the form of a thread or a cord wound tightly around it. On the opposing surfaces of the Electrodes 97 and 98, respectively, are between spacers 184 and 185 two contacts 16 and 17 attached so that they are at a slight distance 'opposite each other. When the probe comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and shrinks, the cover is tightened and the electrodes -97 and 98 are deflected so that contacts 16 and 17 touch.

A device can also be provided in which the

- 80 -

309842/0909

Sensor on contact with the liquid to be detected shrinks and hardens, causing the apparent specific weight to change. Such Embodiment is in Pig. 66 shown in which the sensor 1 is made of methyl methacrylate, soft to the touch is hardened with acetonitrile. The sensor 1 is fastened at one end to a fastening point 174- and carries on at the other end, a movable body 186. Normally, the probe is held in a deflected condition. This can be achieved in that the movable body 186 is rotatably connected to one end of a crankshaft 187, the other end of which is rotatably connected to one end of a crank arm 188. The second end of the crank arm 188 is attached to a rotating shaft 191 which is rotated via a transmission belt 190 by means of a motor 189. the Crankshaft 187 is thus 'driven' by motor 189 and in turn drives the movable body 186 so that this perpendicular to the plane of the plate-shaped sensor 1 a Performs reciprocating movement and so normally deflects the probe.

On one side of the reciprocating body 186 is a microswitch 14 ·, the actuating pin 56 of which is so is arranged that he. through the movable body 186 again-

309842/0909

fetches is pressed. So the switch is switched on and off alternately. Upon contact with the liquid to be detected the sensor 1 hardens. The hardening results in increased stress on the motor 189 and possibly slipping of the transmission belt 190 so that the reciprocating movement of the movable body 186 stops and thereby the switch 14 is no longer switched on and off. on the other hand For example, the measurement can be carried out by increasing the load current of the motor 189 as the probe hardens 1 is monitored when the movable body 186 offers increased resistance to the movement.

While in the embodiment described so far Signal generator generates either an electrical or a mechanical signal, an acoustic signal can also be generated. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. Inside a housing 45 and by a weak spring 46 a pivotable flap 192 is provided in a preloaded manner. A connecting piece 194 of a control valve is located opposite this flap 193? which is supplied from a line 195 with compressed air will. The control valve is also connected to an outlet pipe 196. A body 2 is attached to the bottom of the housing 45. Eiη with its one end at the free end of the flap 192 attached band-shaped probe 1 extends through a

- 82 309842/0909

Opening in the bottom of the housing along the body 2 around these around and is anchored at its other end to the body 2. The probe suspended from the bottom of the body, 2 1 is supported by a weight 4-7 and by a coil spring 44 tensioned and thereby the flap 192 held away from the connecting piece 194-. Under this condition the pressure remains the Exhaust air from exhaust pipe 195 low. However, the probe breaks 1, then the flap 192 is moved by the spring 4-6 pulled up against the nozzle 194 · so that the pressure of the exhaust air from the outlet pipe 195 increases.

There can be different types of the liquid measuring devices described everywhere in a plant, e.g. a large chemical plant Factory, where the leakage of a dangerous liquid is to be feared and there can be - the signals, E.g. electrical signals can be monitored in a single station by the distributed transducers. ' However, where smaller chemical plants, such as galvanic plants, are spread over a relatively large area, can be a central monitoring function with regard to the signal transmission device difficulties arise to the monitoring body. In such a case it is advisable for the guard its rounds from plant to plant, in order to

309842/0903

to check the encoder. Of course, the occurrence of a signal indicating the fault must then be stored. The individual inflows of a main sewer
the different areas of a factory are appropriate
Assigned liquid meter. In order to ensure the reliability of the information contained in the measuring transducers in question, so that the stored data are suitable for checking the cause of the accidents that have occurred, the liquid measuring transducers in question can be inserted in a closed housing in order to secure them against falsification. In these cases it is convenient if the working condition of the liquid meter can be determined directly from the outside, without unlocking the closed housing. In view of this, the invention also provides storage devices by means of which a generated signal can be stored in a state that facilitates reading out.

Fig. 68 illustrates such a storage device
Fluid meter 161 floats on oil 25 in a sewer or sewer using a float 197
like that. The measuring transducer contains a housing 198 made of non-magnetic material, the circumferential surface of which has holes 34- to allow the liquid 25 to enter the housing 198.

- 84 -

309842/0909

possible. An upper bar 199 of the housing · stands with a Longitudinal bore 200 formed in the housing in connection. The bottom plate of the housing also has holes 34- '. Of the Sensor 1 is arranged within the upper space 199.

The probe 1 is in the form of a relatively thin block formed and has a central opening in which is located in a shell 201 made of non-magnetic, thin material Permanent magnet 31 is attached. The upper face of the permanent magnet 31 is located a short distance from the Top surface 198a of the housing 198.

In this normal position shown, the permanent magnet 31 outgoing magnetic flux by means of a magnetic Sensor · 202 can be detected when it is in the vicinity of the Cover plate 198a is brought. The liquid to be dispensed comes but in contact with the probe 1, then loosens this on and the sheath 201 is released from the engagement of the sensor 1 and sinks. This movement triggers a mechanical one Signal off. When the magnetic sensor 202 is in this State is brought into the vicinity of the top surface 198a, the detected magnetic flux is so low that, in comparison, au a change is displayed beforehand. Once the permanent magnet is released from the engagement of the sensor 1, 'or. a Signal has been generated, then this state "; held br, w.

309842/0909

saved. The stored information can later be read out by the magnetic heat exchanger 202. The one just described Embodiment is characterized by a storage of the signal in the form of a mechanical position and by a Signaling device that also serves as part of the memory. It is desired to have a sensor 161 indicating the state to derive an electrical signal, then a reed contact 14 can be arranged in the area of the lower end of the longitudinal bore 200, which is operated when the permanent magnet 51 falls.

3? Ig. 69 shows a further embodiment of a memory for a generated signal. A horizontal rotating shaft 86 is rotatably mounted within a housing 198. On the rotating shaft
a rotating body is attached, the lower half of which consists of a
Weight 47 and its upper half consists of a sensor 1. As shown, the weight 47 will normally take that
lower layer, while sensor 1 is on top. The sensor 1 is designed so that when there is a change in his
apparent specific gravity, its weight increases. That
Weight 47 has a relatively small specific gravity, on the order of 1.0 to 1.2. At the tip of the probe 1
a permanent magnet ^ is attached to the upper cover surface
198a of the housing 198 is opposite at a small distance when the sensor 1 is in the upper position. If the liquid to be detected penetrates through the holes 34 in the housing 198, then

309842/0909

takes the weight of the sensor 1 so far that the Probe moved to the lower position. When in this state a magnetic sensor 202 in the vicinity of the top surface 198a is brought, no output signal is obtained. In the ground of the housing 198, a reed contact 14 can be arranged in such a way that that it is actuated when the permanent magnet 31 i * i the lower Position is moved.

The invention also provides a device through which A sample can be taken from the liquid to be detected and stored if there is an change in the apparent specific weight of the probe occurs. Such a device is shown in Hg. 70. A housing 198 is through a partition 203 divided into an upper and a lower chamber. The peripheral wall of the upper chamber 199 has a distributed Arrangement of small openings 34. On the peripheral wall is attached from the inside a layer-shaped measuring sensor 1, which closes the openings 3 ^ in the normal state. The partition 203 has an opening 204 in the middle, which is a valve. 205 opposite, which is arranged on the underside of the partition wall 203 is. The opening 204 can be closed by the valve 205. be closed. Inside the lower chamber of the housing 198 is a swimmer 1 # 5. The valve 205 is on the The tip of a holding rod 146 extending vertically upward from the float 145 is attached. At the bottom of the

309842/0909

Partition wall 20J is a filling sleeve 206 around opening 204. molded to guide the valve 205. The guide sleeve 206 has small openings 207 on the circumference. XJm the housing 198 able to stabilize so that the lower chamber containing the float 145 is at the bottom is at the bottom surface of the housing 198 a weight 47 attached.

When the liquid to be detected comes into contact with the sensor 1 comes, this is dissolved and the liquid can penetrate through the openings 34- into the housing 198. The liquid then flows through the opening 204 into the lower chamber and gradually fills it up. The swimmer 145 swims here on the liquid and causes the valve 205 to close the opening 204. So from the liquid to be detected, those present at the time of the dissolution of the sensor 1 is, a sample is taken and this is stored in the lower chamber of the housing 198 for later collection and analysis will. The upward movement of the valve 205 forms an L: echanical Signal when sampling is initiated.

71 shows a further embodiment with a sampling device. A housing 198 contains a cover plate formed by a sensor 1. A support rod 146 for a Valve 205 extends upward from the pointed end of the valve and carries a stop member 208 at its tip.

- 88 -

309842/0909

The other end of the support rod 146 extends into one Cylinder 209 and 3- carries a piston 210. The cylinder 209 is formed in the "lower chamber of the housing 198. Between A coil spring is located between the piston 210 and the end plate of the cylinder 209 which is remote from the piston 44, which presses the stop part 208 against the sensor 1. In the described state, the valve 205 opens the opening 204 free.

If the sensor 1 comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and is dissolved, the liquid can pass through the opening 204 flow into the lower chamber and the air present in the cylinder 209 gradually escapes through a small ' Hole 211 in the side wall of the cylinder so that the piston 210 urged by the spring 44 gradually moves upward and thereby the valve 205 closes the opening 204 after the required amount of liquid in the lower chamber of the housing: 198 is recorded and stored. The probe 1 is inclined to ensure that regardless of manufacturing tolerances, the liquid level is always between his Margins lies. The inner state is not visible from the outside To make it, a cover 212 can be rotated on the housing 198 be fastened and locked. The "cover 212 must, however be permeable to the liquid.

- 89 309842/0909

Fig. 72 shows an arrangement for transmitting a sound wave as a function of a signal from the signal generator. The outlet of a compressed air source, such as a compressed air tank 213 » is connected to a tube 214 ″ to which a lug 215 is attached is. A pivot arm 216 is pivoted to this in turn so as to be rotatable. The second end of the swing arm 216 holds a probe 1, at the lower end of which a weight 47 is attached. The pipe 214 is in communication with a valve device 217, a valve 205 connected to a support rod 146 contains. The support rod 146 extends outward from the valve device 217. Its outer end is rotatable with the Swing arm 216 connected. Usually the weight pushes 47 the pivot arm 216 downwards, causing the valve to sit on its valve seat 204. If the sensor 1 comes, however comes into contact with the liquid to be detected and is dissolved or rips off, then spring 44 pushes pivot arm 216 upward and removes valve 205 from valve seat 204. The valve device 217 is opened as a result. As a result of this, compressed air flows out of the container 213, the one Sound transmitter 218 operated like a steam whistle or siren. The sound transmitters 218 assigned to the relevant liquid meters can have different pitches, so that the Sound signal for location determination caused by a specific measuring transducer of the relevant transducer can be used. Of course, the valve device 217 can by a number of

- 90 309842/0909

described arrangements are controlled, including the Triggered by the direct movement of the sensor or by the movement of an actuator.

In the embodiment of FIG. 72, a change in apparent specific weight of the sensor is a mechanical one Signal off and this in turn causes the emission of a sound wave. The mechanical signal can also be used automatically trigger the spraying of an extinguishing agent. For this purpose, as also shown in Fig. 72, A pipe connection to an extinguishing agent container 219 is branched off from the valve device 217. ¥ enn the valve device 217 opens, compressed air is blown into the container 219 and thereby distributing an oil absorbent Powder or a spray of an oil neutralizing emulsion acts to absorb the liquid in question. Instead of When an extinguishing agent is sprayed, a fire extinguisher can also be operated. This can be done in that the Swivel arm connected to the operating lever of a fire extinguisher will.

Finally, for the operation of a siren or the like an arrangement without compressed air source 213 tuicl valve device 217 can also be provided, in which the change in the apparent specific weight of the sensor is used to

- 91 -

309842/0309

to generate a mechanical signal, which triggers the mixing of two different liquids, whereby by means of a chemical Reaction between the "two liquids creates a gas to operate the siren ·.

Fig. 73 illustrates another embodiment in which dependent a sound wave is emitted from the generation of a signal. A guide channel 221 is located within a housing 198 formed, which is bridged by a plate-shaped sensor 1. A ball 222 rests on the probe. Adjacent to that Sensor 1 is provided with small holes 34 in the housing. A liquid flowing out of a pipeline 154- can pass through the small holes 34- penetrate the housing and when touched Use the sensor 1 to resolve this. As a result, the ball 222 falls guided through the guide channel 221 onto the shell-shaped End of a pivot arm 223. The pivot arm 223 rotates As can be seen from the figure, 'counterclockwise around its pivot, which is attached to the bottom of the case. The other end of the swing arm 223 comes loose -here from a detent between this end and the lower end of a hammer 225. The hammer 225 is, as from As can be seen in the figure, biased clockwise by a spring 226. The second end of the spring is on the housing wall attached. The mutton? thus performs a pivoting movement in the clockwise direction and strikes a tuning fork 227. The one through the

- 92 309842/0909

Tuning fork 227 emitted sound is down the pipeline and received by an acoustic sensor 228 suitably positioned along the pipeline.

• By providing tuning forks with different resonance frequencies and placing these along the pipeline can locate the leak. The pipeline 154-fails from a rigid body, then the generated sound wave can also be installed on a separate one along the pipeline rigid body. On the other hand, the sound generated by the tuning fork 227 can also produce an electrical sound Oscillator operated by a wire connected or wireless relay system.

- 93 309842/0909

Claims (1)

Claims Λ1.J liquid measuring transducer, which detects and signals the presence of a certain liquid, characterized by a Ii ¹ indicator (1) made of a 'material, which on contact with the liquid to be detected (27) due to softening, shrinkage, dissolution and / or absorption causes a change in its apparent specific weight and a transmitter (14) which responds to this change and which supplies a signal, preferably an electrical or a mechanical signal. 2. i'lüssigkeitsKießgeber according to claim 1, characterized in that a change in the apparent specific gravity causes a downward movement, a winking movement or an upward movement of the sensor itself and that this movement triggers an actuation of the transmitter. 3. Liquid meter according to claim 1, characterized in that that it contains an actuating part that reacts with a change in the apparent specific gravity of the sensor experiences a translational or rotational movement, and that this movement is an actuation of the - Giver causes. - 94- - 300842/0909 4. Liquid meter according to claim Ί, characterized in that the transmitter contains two contacts, their closing and opening can be controlled depending on the change in the apparent specific weight of the probe is. 5. Measuring transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that that the encoder contains a current path, the resistance of which depends on the change in the apparent . Λ specific weight of the probe can be changed directly. 6. liquid meter according to claim 5, characterized in that that the change in resistance in the current path of the encoder triggered by a mechanical disconnection can be and a pretensioning device is available to promote this mechanical separation. 7. liquid meter according to claim 5 ^ characterized in that the sensor is electrical conductive and in the form of a film, which is dissolved on contact with the liquid to be detected. 8. liquid meter according to claim 1, 'thereby ge ■ - 95 -_ indicates that that is subject to the change the apparent specific weight of the sensor generated by the mechanical signal to a hydraulic signal Transmission device is passed on. 9. Liquid meter according to claim 1, characterized in that a device for transmitting of the signal generated by the transmitter is provided in the form of a sound wave or electromagnetic radiation. ΊΟ. Liquid measuring transducer according to Claim 1, characterized that there is a memory device for storing the signal generated by the transmitter. 11. Liquid measuring transducer according to claim 1, characterized calibrates that the probe is arranged along a pipeline through which the liquid to be detected is directed. 12. Liquid meter according to claim 11, characterized that the sensor is designed so that its specific weight under the action of the liquid flowing out of the pipeline and that the transmitter contains a current path whose lower - 96 -309842/0909 breaking or closing is controlled by this change and that finally the electrical signal is designed so that the location of the leak can be determined in an observation station is. 13 · liquid measuring transducer according to claim 1, d a d u r c'h g e mark eich η et that to increase the response speed the sensor has an enlarged surface per volume unit due to its foil-like or porous design having. . " 14. ITiissigkeitsmeßgeber according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring sensor for magnification the surface per unit volume and thus to increase the response speed from a foamed material is formed. 15 · Liquid measuring transducer according to claim 1, characterized that the sensor is admixed or added to a material, which one by external Causes caused disturbance prevented. , 16. Liquid measuring transducer according to claim 2, d a d u r c h ge - indicates that -to increase the response- - 97 -309842/0909 speed of the sensor is biased. I ?. luid ingestion according to. Claim 1, characterized in that a pretensioning device is provided is by which the speed is increased with which the dependence on a change in the apparent specific Weight of the sensor the encoder is actuated. 16. ilussigkeitsmeßgeber according to claim 1, characterized by * that he has a sampling device for storing part of the liquid through which a .oignal has been triggered contains. 19 · Liquid measuring transducer according to claim 1, characterized that it contains a protective cover through which, on the one hand, the deposition of algae and / or Prevents dirt, on the other hand a passage of the liquid is allowed. 20. Liquid meter according to claim 1, characterized that the probe is made of a material that gives it such a great buoyancy, that it floats on the liquid. 309842/0909