DE2244182A1 - PHOTO FLASH - Google Patents

Description

Priority: September 9, 1971 USA Ser, No, 179 056

It is a photo flash lamp described ₈ in the AAR Bpante fuel in the lamp vessel from a plurality of fine chips is _fc whose length is determined from a relationship that _s linked to the internal diameter of the piston, the weight of the fuel, and a constant of the composition and the cross section of the chips depends = In subminiature ensures a high chip density for the support of chips whose lengths are equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the lamp envelope = the fuel is distributed ₈ that a minimum chip density is to the Kolbenwähden and the density of the The center of the lamp bulb increases to ₀

BACKGRND and [.der'Er find clothes

The invention relates to photo flash lamps and more particularly Subminiature and smaller photo flash bulbs, in the filamentous

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Shaped fuel is contained, which is made of chipped foil consists"

Subrainiatur photo flash lamps, d _o h _c lamps whose piston volume is less than one cubic centimeter, are currently produced in large quantities for use in small photoflash lamp units, referred to as the flashcubes .werden "Such flash lamp units consist" us a container with a number of closed, transparent Side walls, a number of reflectors in the container, one on each side, and one photo flash plane each, which is arranged in operational relation to each of the reflectors * (US Pat. No. 3,224,087). Each of the subminiature photoflash lamps used in the unit consists of a hermetically sealed, translucent glass envelope containing filamentary fuel, for example chipped zirconium foil, and a combustion-promoting gas, for example oxygen. In lamps that are intended for battery-operated blit systems, »the bulb also has an electrical ignition system consisting of a wire that is held on a pair of lead wires with ignition paste arranged on the inner ends adjacent to the wire« This type of lamp is thereby in Operation set that an electric current is sent through the lead wires. Striking photoflashes have a mechanical igniter inserted tightly into one end of the lamp envelope (U.S. Patent 3,535,063) The tube is held in place. The photoflash lamp to be ignited by a blow is put into operation by a blow on the tube, whereby the ignition material is thrown up through the tube and out around the

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to ignite fuel arranged in the lamp bulb. Are punch to be ignited lamps are in cubic multiple lamp units are used in which _e biased shock springs provided for each lamp (US Patent 3,597 60H) c \. . .

Those small flash bulbs and the ■ compact disposable "multiple lamp units in which they are used ^ are in Kamerabenutz € tn become very popular, because of their advantages in terms of greater convenience _and compactness and portability _K However, it was observed in some cases that If the size of the flashlamp bulb is reduced, the efficiency of the combustion of the fuel can be adversely affected _c A hypothesis for the reduction in efficiency says that the distance that the burning particles of the fuel must cover before they hit the bulb wall, is too short to allow complete combustion of all burning particles? - allow ₆ before they strike the glass wall complete combustion is prevented ₉ and thus full utilization of the light generation potential.

As has already been briefly mentioned ₈ , the fuel commonly used in the currently available Fötöblitziatnpen consists of a loosely distributed amount of thread-like material ₉ which is commercially known as ASR-Spante foil. The material is produced by using a thin plate or a Tape made of suitable metal foil in thin © Span® ssersohnitten od @ s? is machined - aluminum "and magnesium foil" have been used for the purpose "some ·· ¹ time ago each * ·

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SAD ORiCHNAL

but found that the use of zirconium offers considerable photometric advantages (US Pat. No. 3,067,601). ο Originally it was customary to use machined film in the form of chips Length was on the order of 8 inches. The usage However, from such long chips in small lamps increased the difficulty of a good distribution of the machined Slide with the commonly used pneumatic Achieving foil loading methods «A poor distribution of the chipped foil in the lamp envelope has an impact the timing of the flash of light is unfavorable and also reduces the efficiency of the fuel combustion, so that the light emitted by the lamp is reduced? To the distribution and ignition properties of the machined To improve fuel in smaller lamps, it has become known to use finely cut shavings made of metal foil a cross-sectional area of the order of 1 mil and a chip length in the range of 1 to 6 inches (U.S. Patent 2,857,752K The use of Such shorter chips from machined film should have the advantage that a considerably larger number results in free ends that serve as ignition points, based on a certain batch weight of a machined film the lamp, whereby the ignition of the machined film is facilitated in such a way that a higher usable luminous flux results. It has been observed that when the chips of the machined film are too short, they are not in place and in a distributed position in the lamp bulb Hold position but in the lower area of the lamp fall or collapse. To prevent such a collapse of the machined film in the piston and a Ensuring adequate self-support is an essential part of U.S. Patent 2,877,762 teaches that it is necessary

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let the individual foil chips be larger than a minimal one Maintain a length of the order of 1 inch or a length equal to the proportion of the length of the individual chip, measured in inches, to the maximum piston diameter »also measured in inches» at least is about 1.3 "

The said US patent teaches about the shorter Span length addition, that the * thread-like material loosely in the Piston should be distributed and distributed as uniformly as possible over the space occupied, should be, around the to ensure the most favorable combustion conditions for the material ο - -

Although according to the teachings of this patent, constructed with shortened chips subminiature flash lamps result in a better light output, it was not possible _ε the luminous flux requirements for specific photographic applications to reach * In order to obtain the desired higher luminous flux of flash lamps with a Kolbehvolumen of less than one cubic centimeter , machined Hafniumfolie was used as filamentous fuel Ea gave verifiable characterized Although a considerable improvement of the Lichtstromsj however, the use of hafnium as a fuel results in expensive eine'relativ Blitzlampeneinheif ₀ Bas precipitated metal hafnium is even more expensive than zirconium or type Aluminum In addition, however, the combustion of hafnium more violently than that of zirconium or aluminum, so that a hard glass bulb is required, for example a Tjplfelben made of borosilicate glass (US Pat. No. 3,06,385) to ensure adequate cohesion. This in turn means a higher volume the wall is further increased by the fact ;, that specific lead wires are required _a which are compatible with the hard glass

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Resume Version of Ssung OF INVENTION you ng

It is therefore the main object of the invention to provide a photoflash lamp which improves upon them Combustion efficiency results, i.e. a higher luminous flux, using the more common fuels, like zircon, without relying on expensive and fancy metals must be used, such as hafnium, scandium, indium, alloys or laminates,

In particular, the invention is intended to increase the photometric light output of subminiature and smaller photoflash lamps by improving the efficiency of the combustion of the chipped fuel.

Another aim of the invention is to make available a photoflash lamp with a high luminous flux, which can be produced more economically than lamps of the same size, which were previously available for comparable light output characteristics.

These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become after that underlying the invention Principle achieved by taking advantage of the finding that the chips of the machined fuel can be shortened to a length that is even smaller than the inner diameter of the lamp in order to achieve a higher combustion efficiency without daft being able to be supported is lost by recognizing that an optimal chip length can be determined from a relationship in the inner diameter of the lamp, the effective inner bulb length, the amount, or weight, of the fuel and the composition and cross-section of the Incoming chips. A photoflash lamp according to the invention works with a thread-like fuel, the chip length of which is inversely related to the weight of the fuel.

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shaped material, the thread-like material is arranged self-supporting in the lamp envelope by the Chip density is increased in a suitable manner «,

It has also been found that, contrary to previous teachings regarding the desirability of a loose, uniform distribution of filamentary material, the use of combustible chips slightly longer or less than the inside diameter of the bulb of subminiature photoflash lamps provides greater combustion efficiency brings with it, thanks to a distribution of the fuel _{β in} which the chip density on the piston walls is minimal and increases towards the center of the piston O

The invention is to be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing; show it: ... ■ '■ .. ...

Figo 1 a * side view of an electrically cancelable photo », flash lamp containing a filamentary fuel according to the invention;

Figc 2 shows a longitudinal section through a duroh blow

lighting photoflash containing filamentary fuel according to the invention; and ...

Fig «3 graphically the dependence of the light output, as.

zonal luminous flux in megalumens from the time in. Milliseconds for chips 4 inches long and short chips in pistons of the same type «, · - · '-. ·

The teachings of the invention are both by stroke and by auah on electrically ignited photo flash lamps inside a wide range of sizes and shapes applicable; however, the invention is particularly useful in its application Accordingly, point to flashlights with tubular bulbs and a volume of less than 1 cubic centimeter

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Fig. 1 and 2 to be ignited electrically or by impact Flash lamp in which the principle of the invention is implemented iet.

The in Fig. 1 shown electrically ignited flash lamp consists of a hermetically sealed lamp envelope 2 of glass tube with a Quetechfuß>"at one end and a AbsaugrOhrchen 6 at the other £ nde _c The pinch" 4 supports an ignition device from which two lead wires 8 A wire 12 straddles the inner ends of the lead wires _t and beads IU and 16 of ignition material are applied to the inner ends of the lead wires β and 10 at their connection to the wire Typically, the lamp bulb 2 has an inside diameter of less than 1/2 inch and an internal volume of less than 1 cubic centimeter, a gas that promotes combustion, for example oxygen, and a filamentary fuel 18, for example chipped zirconium foil, are arranged inside the lamp bulb *, as will be explained in greater detail below is explained.

2 consists of a piece of smooth tube which forms a hermetically sealed lamp bulb 22 which is drawn together at one end to form a suction tube 2M _{and 6} and is shaped so that a seal 26 around " A detonator 28 * is formed at the other end. The igniter consists of a metal tube 30, a "n wire anvil 32, and a charge Zündmatrr5al 3H _e A fuel, such as thread-like zirconium 3f", and a verbrennungaförderndes gas such as oxygen are arranged within the lamp envelope, wio still will be explained nÄhr.r, the

'* β 1 1 / V ** < 11

⁸ AD ORfGlNAL

Wire anvil 32 is centered within the tube 30 and becomes with a circumferential indentation 38 of the tube 30 Held in place over the head UO or a Another suitable projection at the lower end of the wire anvil engages. Additional devices, such as tabs 42 on the wire anvil 32 can also be used are used to stabilize the wire anvil, to hold it substantially coaxially in the igniter tube 30, and a free space between ignition material 34 and to ensure the inner wall of the tube 30 - A heat-resistant bead 44 is melted onto the wire anvil 32 just above the inner mouth of the igniter tube 30, to eliminate burnouts and to act as a deflector to deflect and control the expulsion of hot particles of ignition material from the igniter * The lamp according to FIG. 2 is also typically a subminiature lamp, the bulb dimensions of which are similar to those of the lamp shown in Figo 1 are «

The lamp according to Fig. 1, although electrical means, usually with Help "of a battery, and the lamp of FIG c 2 is to ignite by impact, in other respects, the bulbs are but so far ahnlieh _t as in any the igniter at one end of the Lamp bulb is arranged, and is arranged in operative relation to the filamentary fuel _e. More precisely, the ignition wire 12 of the flashlamp according to FIG Zündperlen 14 and 18 sündet _e the sttndsn turn the fuel 18 within the lamp envelope. The operation of the lamp to be ignited by impact according to FIG. 2

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is initiated by a blow on the pipe 20, to ensure that the ignition material 3 · »through the The tube is flung upwards to remove the fuel 36 inside the lamp bulb «su sins ·

As mentioned earlier, the filamentary fuel used in flashlight bulbs is usually made from machined metal foil, such as zirconium about 2 bit 4 inches. The film is then processed by a conventional chipper to achieve desired cross-sections of about 1.2 to 2.0 nil ² , depending on the characteristics of the various photoblit lamps. Accordingly, the chips of the chipped foil are usually about 2 to * inches long and in some grooves, as described in the above-mentioned patent, the foil can be split into two hips to give chip lengths of 1 inch for the filamentary fuel obtain.

As already mentioned, such relatively short fuel chips have proven useful for collecting the flux of light in smaller flashlights, where it has been taught that a maximum length of 1 inch or 1/3 times the piston diameter is necessary To keep fuel self-supporting. Even if relatively short metal foil chips were used, this still results in undesirably poor combustion efficiency in subminiature flash lamps. E · is to be mentioned _t there & these chip lengths, although they are relatively course

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are still more than 2 times greater diameter "than the inside of a Submxniatur lamp bulb _e of the usual" is sometimes considerably less than 1/2 Zoil ₀ When this long chips are introduced into the lamp _9, they tend helically to the to create light walls ₈ and they adapt to the curvature of the wall ^ with only a relatively small amount of filling is in the center of the lamp "It is clear that this type itself is the filling distribution for _chips% who have a © minimum dimension _£ nämlioh the I 3 ₆ "compartment of Xnnendurch" diameter of subminiature _o

It was found ₉ that by altering the length of the turnings ^ which used to fill the lamp w @ rden ₈ this tendency of the chips normally used ₈ to adapt to the wall curvature ₉ can be significantly reduced _e so that aioh a higher luminous flux results, "Znsbesondere Experiments have shown that by shortening the chips "" lengthways in such a way that they are only slightly larger or even smaller than the lamp diameter, a noticeably higher degree of effectiveness is achieved that the use would result from such short chips to an inclination of the fuel _ε settle calibration in the lamp and give a poor distribution of the filling so that the higher luminous flux partially watt again "würdec ,, made Unexpectedly, it has been found ₉ characterized in that a mass of thread-like fuel ₈ whose chips

is only slightly larger or even smaller than inner diameter of the Subminiatiar LampenkolbeBag-ar - = r "I made aelbetabstütztend ka ran £ _e © SpÄsid dichtte suitably Weie" selected

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more precisely, the weight of the fuel "In addition, it has been found that the use of such short chips has the effect that the distribution of the fuel on the bulb walls is minimal and is closer to the center of the lamp" a feature that is particularly likely to reduce efficiency Counteracts effects that can be attributed to the wall system characteristics of the usual longer chips. More importantly, an optimal chip length has been determined, in terms of maximizing the combustion efficiency, which depends on a condition in which the inside diameter of the lamp envelope _e, the effective internal length of the envelope, the weight of the fuel and the composition and cross section of the Chips in "

According to the invention, the chip length, in inches, of the thread-like fuel of the photo flash lamps is determined by the the following equation determines ι

q> ^{3 /} *

Chip length

Where ZD is the inside diameter of the lamp bulb in inches, W is the weight of the thread-like material in the lamp bulb in milligrams, L is the mean effective internal length of the lamp bulb, in Zo ₁ Il ₈ and X is a constant that depends on the composition and cross-section of the chips depends on the filamentary material. The constant K is determined empirieah _t for example, a value of the constant K "has been found to be suitable mil ² fOr chipped zirconium with a cross section between 1.1 and 1.2 22.3, and a value of the constant K" 36.6 appears useful Mv

308011/0177 bathroom original

c. 13 ~
machined hafnium with a cross-section between l _B i and

The above equation leads to an optimization of the length of the fuel chips for the different lamp bulbs "sizes and filling arrangements can be desired" The constant K takes into account the fact that the composition of the fuel chips for different lamp constructions can be different "depending on cost considerations and Lichtstromanforderuügen for applications _e for this lamp provided istο Since the cross section of the chips an important Faktes "in determining the flash timing is ;, takes into account the constant K also this design factor" the 'Span © = * cross section and di © stiffness determines the individual Spans or Abstltzbarkeit ₉ @ foes®o as the number ä @ p chips j accordingly, it is erwünseht'g's looking lent the least useful section ©© © au pt & sio ^ ossj, s @ that the greatest Anzähl ®inz®lnev 'spam "" calibrates _wiröc It is interesting to emphasize that _e k "x" s @ 'chips with the "gleieheB cross section as chips regular length of 2 to unerwarteterweiee a Verzögerung- DSIR time bie pointed to _O6 S to I ₉ 5 milliseconds astö @ owned "g se conceivable is _p smaller cross sections to .varwemdenj, so far as besiwtst @ £ © _ in connection with Zirkoniiuafolie '' αβκ «. According to the state of. Technology was for "erwaipt © ^ that ^ s größo cross sections _s must be used by @ in @ i Gesaratwirkungsgrad of d @ n sm films received,

Of course, this takes into account the ©

Differences in the inner length of

types, in this context is ea interest _& dlaH ύίο relationship indicates _έ άφ the Späaeläng © stljftef ¹ as

proportional with a reduction in 'dos

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meseers fell in lamps of the microminiature and sub » In miniature size, the chip length can be significantly smaller its ale the inside diameter of the lance piston. Experiments have shown that the equation holds for many sizes of flashlamp bulbs that. have an inside diameter of less than half an inch, and although the equation can apply to larger lamps as well, no tests have been carried out with lamps over half an inch ο ■

From the relationship it can be seen from veiter that the weight is inversely related to the chip length and thus the chip density increases for shorter chip lengths. It has also been observed that it is precisely this filling weight j, or the compartment density, that contributes to the self-supporting properties of the mass of filamentary fuel inside the lamp. So if a certain lamp size and a certain fill composition and cross-section are assumed, the space length and the fill weight are the remaining variables. When the chip length is shortened, the number of charged into the lamp envelope chips must be increased in order to achieve the necessary self-supporting properties "In order to achieve a maximum combustion efficiency, it is desirable _t the swarf length so Kürz to make as possible ,, thus is the primary Limitation of the chip length the practical maximum _t that must be placed on the filling weight "Beyond a certain point, increasing the filling weight results in problems with regard to cohesion in economically feasible piston designs, and beyond a further critical point a further increase in the diameter of the fuel filling actually results «Reduction of the VeT

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is

combustion efficiency and thus the luminous flux "

A further contribution to the higher combustion efficiency and higher luminous flux is achieved by the distribution of the fuel filling "which the filling takes up through the use of short chip lengths _β which are determined according to the invention" B has been discussed "as the usual long chips of the filling tend to" self as entangled lump near the lamps "piston wall to distribute ,, and that for this reason, a reduction in the combustion efficiency returned ₀ When conventional film loading methods are used" distributed kurzspänige the fuel according to the invention, even in the lamp bulb _so? that the chips tend _ä to be in the center of the piston at the closest and the walls least dense "After the ignition and subsequent combustion of filling this distribution _yields% at a greater Hasse the .Füllung away from the cool walls of the lamp bulb is a greater duration of action of the glow ₉ d, h _{0 is} the burning particles of the machined sheet to be kept for a longer period in the piston chamber _e before being quenched by the cool walls. This is shown in FIG. 3 in the straightness of the drop in the short chip curve A ₀

A further improvement in the photometric current is achieved _e when the body of fuel is concentrated in the upper two thirds of the lamp bulb _g dohc the thread-like material takes up about two thirds of the bulb then at the end _e which is opposite the end to which the ignition device is attached is »this arrangement of the filling» in which it occupies the upper two thirds of the bulb and has a density gradient

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which rises towards the center of the piston, is due to the distribution of the thread-like fuel 18 or 36 in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively illustrates a restriction of the fuel to the upper two thirds of the piston is achieved by subjecting the glass bulb to a mechanical shock after it has been filled with foil.

The following table shows the chip lengths and the Fill weight concentration of machined zirconium foil according to the invention for four different lamp sizes was determined, along with the significant increase in luminous flux in each case. The numbers for the Spänelfinge differ slightly from those for the using the above formula were achieved by attempting to use the film widths available in the raw material split evenly in order to avoid an accumulation of unusable waste,

Micrommiature
lamps O _n 270 Subminiature
lamps 0, 400 Outer diameter of the
Piston inch 0.220 0, 56 O _r 35O 0, 56 Medium effective 0.56 0.56

Inside length of the piston inches

Piston inside diameter in inches

Zr * -Span-Long inch Zr filling weight mg Volume cubic centimeters

O ₂ content (stoichiometric)

Total luminous flux

rag Zr

Light current increase

0.160 0.196

0.167 20.0

Oe 19

90t 250

0.200 20.0

Oe 26

90 t 250

6.293 0.330

0.333 20.0

0.68 90 t

320

0.286 30.0 0.78 85t

320

Control control control control

312 312 (sample) (sample) 25t 25t

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“Too moo (Sample) (sample) 25% 25t

Curve A in Fig. 3 shows the Lichtstromeharakter »istics of the lamp from 0, HOO inch Außen'durchmesser by d @ f> above table, a lamp that is stuffed with short Zirkonspänen with a span length of 0,286 Zoil ₀ Di © lamp was for electrical ignition set and, ordinate in Fig _s 3 shows the zonal luminous flux of the lamp in Mega lumen because the lamp in use was measured in a flashcubes tend its reflectors to zones the light _Λ curve B shows, for comparison, ... Lets «current character is ik for a similar piston, des» filled with usual zirconium shavings of U inch length VTar _e

A further advantage of the definition for determining the chip length according to the invention is the greater concentration of the filling weight, which results from the starting weight _9, which makes a further contribution to increasing the light current. Obviously, the filling configuration never becomes be smaller than about 26 ragpj? o Kubiksentimgtss »« In the above table the respective con & erateations uev zirconium filling from left to right are 10 mg per cubic centimeter, 77 mg per cubic centimeter, 29 «S mg per cubic centimeter or» 38.5 mg per cubic centimeter « ,

The short chips according to the invention also result in a noticeably higher color temperature, so that the density of the blue layer can be reduced, which is required for the photo flash lamp, so that there is a great improvement in the luminous flux £ «a integrated correlated color temperature <0 to seconds) for the lamp of 0.2 Ω Q inches of the table above experimentally to H 8 ^{Ω 2 Q} K pltas &w> minus 75 ° K, determined compared with aiwsx” of 4 725 ° K plus or minus 2S ⁰ K füp eisi® Lasipe ai size that is> »inches long

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Have tea data obtained from thousands of lamps also shown that there is a further, unexpected advantage through the use of short SpSnelfingen according to the invention, namely the combustion seems to be less violent, so that there is a considerably safer lamp, which is a considerably has a minor disagreement for an explosive disorder.

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Claims (1)

S6 P131 D Claims A flash lamp, consisting of a hermetically sealed, light-permeable bulb, a combustion-promoting gas in the bulb, a quantity of filamentary fuel which is arranged in the bulb and consists of a number of chips, and an ignition device which is attached to one end of the bulb and arranged in operational relation to the fuel, characterized in that the length of the chips is inversely related to the weight of the filamentary material and that the density of the chips is sufficient to keep the filamentary material self-supporting in the piston " 2 »lamp according to claim 1, characterized ge mark is characterized in that the volume of the piston is less than about 1 cubic centimeter and the chips length of filamentary material is less than about 1/2 inch" 3. Lamp according to claim 1 or 2, d adurch ^ ekennz eiehygj :. that the weight of the amount of filamentary material inside the piston is at least about 20 milligrams " H. lamp according to one of claims 1 to 3, draws "that the weight of the thread-like material per unit of piston volume is greater than about 25 milli grams per cubic centimeter" ^: 3098 1 1/0877 Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 4 _t characterized in that the amount of filamentary material intra · is half spread of the piston so that the chips are most densely packed in the middle of the piston and at least close to the walls of the piston · ' The lamp of claim 4, d a d u rch gekennx ei chn e t in that the filamentary material as "white-thirds of the piston below the end assumes that the facing on which the ignition device is mounted · Lamp according to one of claims 1 to 6, with essentially * borrowed tubular piston, thereby j ^ ek e nnite ic hn et . that the span length of the thread-like material is approximately the same _Y CID) ^{S / >>} CL) ^3A W ³ '* where: XD is the inner diameter of the piston, W is the weight of the amount of filamentary material in the piston, L is the mean effective inner length of the Piston, and K is a constant that depends on the composition and cross-section of the chips of the thread " shaped material depends ·. ■ ·; ■ '■ - Θ. Lamp according to Claim 7, characterized in that the thread-like material consists of machined zirconium foil, each chip having a cross-section of about 1.1 to 1Λ mil ² and K equals about 22.3 i "tt where ID and L are measured in inches and V is measured in milligrams to get a determination of the span length in inches. 309811/0877