DE2243784B2 - HEAT PUMP, HEATING OR REFRIGERATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a heat pump, heating or cooling system according to the preamble of

Claim 1. ... ,, · ■. · ...

ίο In such systems, the Outside air is used as a heat source by extracting heat from it and transferring it to an indoor heat exchanger that works as a capacitor. However, the heat output decreases with the outside temperature,

so that these systems can no longer cope with an increased heat load at low outside temperatures are. Another disadvantage is that the desired level of heating after work has started the facility cannot be reached quickly enough.

ίο With a reversible heat pump system according to the US-PS 27 16 870 consists of the internal heat exchanger from two series-connected transfer units, the second of which is adjacent to the first and downstream of the first with respect to indoor airflow. the The first transfer unit is used to support the second, which increases the efficiency of the indoor heat exchanger is increased. With such a series connection, the problem of a noticeable Do not solve the drop in the heat output of the heat pump system when the outside temperature is too low, because also an excellent utilization of the heat content of the heat carrier in the indoor heat exchanger whose insufficient heating in the outside heat exchanger by the outside air cannot compensate.

The invention is based on the object of providing a system according to the preamble of claim 1 create whose heat output in heating mode is sufficiently large even at low outside temperatures and is reached quickly after switching on the system at any outside temperature.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the means specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
The invention thus provides for a return of part of the heat transfer medium flowing out of the internal heat exchanger to the inlet of the internal heat exchanger, at least the returned part of the heat transfer medium being heated and evaporated before re-entering the internal heat exchanger. In this way, the pressurized heat carrier vapor flowing into the internal heat exchanger from the compressor is heated, so that both the amount of heat carrier flowing through the internal heat exchanger and its temperature can be increased and the heating output increases significantly.

From the heat carrier return provided according to the invention with heating and evaporation is only used when a low outside temperature results in too low a heat output the system or the heating-up should be accelerated. In addition, the de-icing of the Outdoor heat exchanger can advantageously be carried out in such a way that the heating of the outdoor heat exchanger

f> 5 gers takes place exclusively via this return, so that this process only takes a short time and no heat has to be extracted from the interior for this purpose. The cooling mode is then not in

The return in operation is not impaired in any way

The invention will be explained below with reference to the description of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

F i g. 1 shows a circuit diagram of an inventive Heating or cooling system;

2 shows a Mollier diagram for explanation the heating process of the system according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 to 5 / own typical embodiments of the heating or cooling system according to the invention.

According to FIG. 1, a compressor C is connected by a heat transfer steam pipe 10 to a switching valve U, which is connected by a pipe 12 to an internal heat exchanger 13 and by a pipe 14 to an external heat exchanger 15. The switching valve 11 is a four-way valve which directs the heat transfer medium flow either to the external heat exchanger 15 and to the internal heat exchanger 13 in order to set the system for cooling or heating. The indoor heat exchanger 13 is connected by a pipe 20 to a valve arrangement 21 consisting of a parallel combination of an expansion valve, which is effective during cooling operation, and a check valve for heating operation, which is connected to a container 23 by a pipe 22. The container 23 represents a store for liquid heat transfer medium for operating the system. The check valve in the valve arrangement 21 is constructed in such a way that it allows the heat transfer medium flow in one direction, ie from the internal heat exchanger 13 to the container 23. The outlet of the container 23 is connected by a pipe 24 to a further valve arrangement 25 consisting of a parallel combination of an expansion valve for heating operation and a check valve for cooling operation, which in turn is connected to the external heat exchanger 15 by a pipe 26. The check valve of the valve arrangement 25 is constructed in such a way that it allows the heat transfer medium to flow in one direction, ie from the external heat exchanger 15 to the container 23. The suction side of the compressor C is connected to the four-way valve 11 by a steam pipe 28, through which the steam pipe 28 is connected to the pipe 12 leading to the internal heat exchanger 13 in the cooling mode and to the pipe 14 leading to the external heat exchanger 15 in the heating mode .

The container 23 has an outlet 30 which, through a return pipe 31, is connected to the inlet of a liquid pump 32 is connected, which is part of the heat carrier stored in the container 23 to a heat exchanger 33 can supply, which is connected to the outlet of the pump 32 In the heat exchanger 33 can the Heat transfer medium heating energy are supplied. The outlet of the heat exchanger 33 is through a Return pipe 35 connected to a valve 36, the outlet of which is connected to pipe 12 through a return pipe 37 connected is that the switching valve 11 and the internal heat exchanger 13 connects to one another.

The arrangement is such that the pump 32 is actuated at low outside temperatures or when heating up and the valve 36 is opened. The pump 32 then delivers part of the heat transfer medium stored in the container 23 to the heat exchanger 33, where it is heated and evaporated. The steam generated in this way flows from the heat exchanger 33 through the pipe 35, the valve 36 and the pipe 37 into the pipe 12 and from this together with the high-pressure heat transfer steam flowing in from the compressor C to the internal heat exchanger 13, which works as a condenser During the condensation, the heat of the steam absorbed in the heat exchanger 33 is given off by means of the internal heat exchanger 13, which significantly increases the heating effect.

The heating operation of the system is explained in detail using the Mollier diagram according to FIG. 2, in which the abscissa indicates the enthalpy (i) of the heat transfer medium and the ordinate its pressure. After adiabatic compression by the compressor C , the steam flowing from the external heat exchanger 15 is in the state denoted by a in the diagram. If the heat transfer medium flows from the compressor C through the pipe 12 into the internal heat exchanger 13, the heat transfer medium reaches the point shown at b. Inside the internal heat exchanger 13, the heat transfer medium condenses while it releases the stored heat, so that the state of the heat transfer medium is changed from b to c . The liquid heat transfer medium then flows through the check valve of the valve arrangement 21 into the container 23. Since the valve 36 is in the closed position during normal heating, the heat transfer medium flows from the container 23 into the expansion valve of the valve arrangement 25, where its expansion takes place. The expanded heat transfer medium, which is in the state shown at d , flows from the expansion valve into the external heat exchanger 15, which works as an evaporator. The evaporation of the heat carrier within the outdoor heat exchanger 15 is carried out as a result of the supply of heat from the outside air, so that the state of the heat carrier changes, as shown by point e. As already explained, the evaporated heat transfer medium is sucked into the compressor C and compressed by it, so that it assumes state a again, whereby a heating cycle is completed.

Under special conditions, for example when the outside temperature is low or during heating, the valve 36 is open and the liquid pump 32 is in operation at the same time. Under this condition, part of the liquid heat transfer medium is conducted from the container 23 to the heat exchanger 33, where it is heated and evaporated and thus brought from the state according to point to the state according to point / ". The heat transfer medium with the increased enthalpy ir is then with mixed with the heat carrier steam coming from the compressor C , and the resulting heat carrier steam flow is fed to the indoor heat exchanger 13, which works as a condenser. When condensing, the heat carrier releases the heat and returns to the state according to point c , whereby the heating cycle is completed .

Assuming that the amount of heat carrier circulating in the system during normal heating is represented by d kg / h, the heat output of the working as a heat pump System expressed as follows:

(ib-ic) Ci kcal / h.

If it is also assumed that when the heat carrier return is switched on, the amount of the heat carrier supplied by the compressor C and the heat carrier circulating in the return is expressed by Gi or Gi , then the total amount of the heat carrier flowing through the internal heat exchanger 13 is (Gs' + G ₂ ') kg / h. Under this condition

the heat output of the entire system is approximately equal to (ib-ic) (G \ '+ G2) K kcal / h, if /> is approximately equal to ib . Since Gi 'is approximately equal to G \ , it can be seen that there is a noticeable increase in (k-ic) ■ Gj in the heat output of the entire system. If the heat storage medium is kept at such high temperatures that / f>, <, applies, the heating effect is even stronger, so that the desired heating level can be reached even more quickly when the system is heated up. The switching on of the heat carrier return takes place by opening the valve 36 and at the same time starting the liquid pump 32 when the system is subjected to a greater heat load, in particular at low outside temperatures or when heating up.

The system works as a heat pump in the manner described above, which leads to the formation of ice on the outdoor heat exchanger, which works as an evaporator. So-called superheated steam de-icing is used in the system by reversing the heat transfer medium flow as in the case of cooling operation. The switching valve 11 is first switched in such a way that it forms a connection between the steam pipe 10 and the pipe 14. As a result, the compressed heat carrier steam flows from the compressor C through the steam pipe 10, the switching valve 11 and the pipe 14 into the external heat exchanger 15, which works as a condenser. Since the heat transfer vapor flowing into the external heat exchanger 15 is at a high temperature, it heats it and removes the accumulation of ice. The condensed heat carrier flows from the external heat exchanger 15 through the check valve of the valve arrangement 25 into the container 23 and from there through the liquid pump 32 into the heat exchanger 33, where it evaporates. Hot, evaporated heat transfer medium flows from the heat exchanger 33 through the pipe 35, the valve 36, the pipe 37, the pipe 12, the switching valve 11, a memory (not shown) and the steam pipe 28 in the compressor C. This hot steaming process is at highly effective in removing ice build-up. Since the internal heat exchanger 13 is not effective in the superheated steam de-icing arrangement, it also does not work as an evaporator during the de-icing process.

This means that the internal worm transmitter Ambient air flowing through is not cooled.

In the cooling mode, the valve 36 is kept closed and the liquid pump 32 is not actuated. Dtr compressor C delivers heat transfer fluid through the steam pipe 10, the switching valve 11 and the pipe 14 into the external heat exchanger IS, which works as a condenser. The liquid heat carrier flows from the external heat exchanger IS through the pipe 26, the check valve of the valve arrangement 25 and the pipe 24 into the container 23 and from there through the pipe 22 into the expansion valve of the valve arrangement 2t. Expanded heat transfer medium flows from the expansion valve through the pipe 20 into the internal heat exchanger 13, which works as an evaporator. Steam and non-evaporated heat transfer medium flow from the internal heat exchanger 13 through the pipe 12 and the switching valve 11 into a collector not shown in FIG. 1. From there, the vaporous heat transfer medium flows through the steam pipe 28 into the compressor C

FIG. 3 shows a typical heat pump heating or cooling system which is constructed in accordance with the principle given in FIG. The system has an indoor unit 50, an outdoor unit 51 and two pipes 52 and 53 which connect the two units. The tubes 52 and 53 are covered with heat insulating material.

According to the illustration, the outdoor unit 51 is divided into two compartments, of which the lower part forms a machine room and the upper part is used to arrange the heat exchanger. A compressor C ′ is arranged on the floor of the engine room, which has a high pressure side 60 with a steam pipe 10 ′, through which hot, compressed, vaporous heat transfer medium is delivered to a switchover valve 11 ′. The switchover valve 11 'is a four-way valve which can direct the flow of the heat carrier either to an internal heat exchanger 13' or an external heat exchanger 15 '. During the heating process, the switching valve IV forms a connection between the pipes 10 'and 12' to allow a heat transfer medium flow from the compressor C to the internal heat exchanger 13 ', while the steam pipe 10' during the cooling and defrosting process through the switching valve 11 'with a Pipe 14 'is kept in connection, so that the heat carrier vapor flows through the steam pipe 10', the switching valve W and the pipe 14 'in the external heat exchanger 15'. The external heat exchanger 15 'works as a condenser in both cooling and defrosting operation and as an evaporator in heating operation. In the vicinity of the external heat exchanger 15 ′, a fan 64, which is electrically operated by a motor 65, is provided for cooling the external heat exchanger 15. The wall of the external unit 51 is designed as a slot wall 66 in the vicinity of the external heat exchanger 15 ′. The lower end of the external heat exchanger 15 'is connected by a pipe 26' to a valve arrangement 25 'which has an expansion valve 67 and a check valve 68 which are connected to one another in parallel. As described above with reference to FIG. 1 was explained in connection with the diagram, the check valve 68 is arranged such that it allows a heat transfer medium flow from the external heat exchanger 15 'to a container 23'. The container 23 'is connected to a liquid pump 32' which in turn is connected by a pipe 70 to one end of a pipe coil 72 which forms part of the heat exchanger 33 '. The other end of the coil 72 is connected to a valve 36 'by a pipe 35'. In the embodiment shown, the heat exchanger 33 'has a memory 73 for storing a

so heat storage medium 74, for example water, the for heating the heat transfer medium flowing through the coil 72 to a high temperature is held. Inside the store 73 there is an essentially horizontal electrical heater.

SS organ 76 for heating the heat storage medium! 74 provided. It is advantageous to use the electrical heating element 76 for storing heat in the derr Operate heat storage medium at night, for example, during a tent outside of the peak energy

needs when excess energy is economically viable available 1st.

The memory 73 is surrounded by a heat insulating material 78 and has an inlet 79 ar its top turn introducing the heat accumulator

bs dlums. The inlet 79 is of a closing member Bl closed.

The valve 36 'is connected to a pipe by a pipe 37' 12 'connected, in turn by a connection

piece 85 with the pipe 52 is connected. The pipe 22 'emanating from the container 23' is connected to the pipe 53 by a connector 87. The switching valve 11 'is connected to the suction cable 89 of the compressor C "by a steam pipe 28'. A reservoir 90 is provided in the steam pipe 28 '.

The indoor unit 50 sits on a ledge It) O and has an indoor Wäniieübertragcr IV Cooling works as an evaporator and during hot operation as a condenser. The upper end of the indoor heat exchanger 13 'is connected to a tube 102, which in turn by a connector 104 with the Tube 52 is connected. The lower linden of the internal heat exchanger 13 'is connected by a pipe 20' a valve assembly 21 'connected, which is an expansion valve 106 and a check valve 107 and through a connecting piece 108 to the pipe 5 3 connected is. The check valve 107 is arranged in such a way that it flows from the heat transfer medium ! hncn-Wiirmeiibcrträger H 'in the direction of the external healing 51 allowed. Inside the unit is also an electric fan 110 is provided which is used for this purpose is used by the internal heat exchanger 13 ' cooled or heated Lull by a (Jitter 112 / u support financially. The way in which the in ig. 3 shown Annex is identical to that according to I 'ig. I.

Ig in I "4 in another embodiment of the Wiirmepumpen-Hei / -... B / w cooling system shown, which differs from that according to I 'i g i is Dall a l'.jektoreinrichlung 120 / um recirculating highly strained Wärmeirägerflüssigckit in the heat carrier steam coming from the compressor ("is used. Another difference is that an electrical heating device 122 is provided. The high-tensioned heat carrier liquids are heated and evaporated after they have been mixed with the heat carrier steam. A container 23 is used in this embodiment "Connected by a tube 125 to a valve 3h", namely the end of the tube 125 is at the testicle of the container 23 ". The valve 3d" is connected by a tube 127 to the valve 120, which is in the container 23 "sucks stored heat transfer fluid and introduces it in sprayed I orni b / w device 122 connected, which has a U-shaped heating element 129. The electric heater 122 is in turn connected by a pipe 130 to the pipe 52 "which leads to the internal heat exchanger 13".

If the system is to be operated as a "Wlirmepiimppe", the switching valve II "is set such that it forms a connection between the pipe 10" and the pipe 12 "and / between a pipe 14" and a pipe 28 ". In this position In the air flow valve, the compressor C " Warm air circulation steam" ran through the pipe 10 ". the switching valve II", the pipe 12 ". the ejector 120, the electrical heating device 122, the pipe UO, the pipe 92" and a pipe 102 "in the internal heat exchanger IV. Which operates as a condenser. The condensed water heater flows from the internal heat exchanger 13 "through a pipe 20", a check valve 107 ", a pipe 53" and a pipe 22 "into the chillier 23" and from this through a pipe 24 "into an expansion valve 67". Expanded heat carrier flows from the valve fi7 "through a pipe 26" into the external heat exchanger 15 ". which works as a vaporizer. WBrmctrflgcrdampf and non-evaporated heat transfer liquids flow from the external heat exchanger 15 ″ through a pipe 14 ″. the switching valve 11 ", the pipe 28" and an accumulator 90 "in the suction pipe of the compressor C".

If the valve is .36 "at low outside temperatures or opened during heating up and the electrical lead / device 122 is switched on, that of the container 23 "returned heat transfer fluid through the ejector 120 in Ncbelform with the

ίο Mixed heat transfer fluid. The resulting heat carrier is fed to the electrical heating device 122 ″, where the evaporation of the heat transfer fluid takes place. When condensing in the internal heat exchanger 13 ″, the heat transfer vapor emits the Heat released by the electrical 1 lcizcinrichlung 122 received hat, and thus increases the heating effect essential. In addition, the system works both in cooling mode and in defrosting operation in one Manner related to the one in connection with the embodiment according to I · "i g. 3 explained is identical.

In I i g. 5 is another version of the heat pump 1 I ei / - b / w. Cooling system shown.

In this embodiment, the container 23 '"is connected by a tube 140 to the inlet of an electrical heating device 122" in order to heat the heat transfer fluid coming from the container 23 ". The electrical supply 122'" has a U -shaped heating element 129 "and is connected with its outlet to a valve 36 '". The valve 36'"is connected to an outlet of a jack 120" of the same type as that in FIG. 4 shown connected. The ejector 120 '" is provided in a pipe 12" which connects a switching valve II "to a pipe 52'" which in turn is connected by a pipe 102 "to the internal heat exchanger (not shown). The external part 5Γ" of this design is opposite to the ig. 4 then different in that the arrangement of the electrical heating device! 22 '"is modified in such a way that the heat transfer fluid wedge is heated before

<\ <> it is mixed with the heat carrier steam by the compressor C "/ usirömeiulcn.

In operation of the system as a heat pump lieleii Compressor ("" Wtirmclritgcrdampf through the RoIu 10 "'. The switching valve H"', the pipe 12 "', the ejector

<is 120 "' and the pipe 52'" in the non-ge / Eigler internal heat exchanger, which works as a condenser. The condensed heat transfer medium flows from the internal heat exchanger through the non-return valve 107, not shown here, around the pipe 53 ", the pipe 22"

"The pipe 23" and from this through a pipe 24 "11 an expansion valve 67 '", Expanded Wttrmetrngei flow from the valve 67'"through a pipe 26 '" in an external heat exchanger 15'", which works as a vaporiser. Steam and niehtvcrdiimpficr liquid heat carriers flow from the external heat exchanger 15 " through a pipe 14 '", the switching valve IΓ ", a Rohi 28" and a memory W / ur Saugschc de

Compressor C '".

«Ei special conditions, such as be

'«' Low outside pressure or heating up is the valve 36 '"opened and the electrical Hci / Einrich lung 122 '"switched on line of this condition we« part of the! WttrmctrttgerNUssigkcii stored in the container 23 '"in the electrical Hci / Einrich

'- lung 122'"is sucked in, where it is evaporated! The hot heat transfer vapor generated is sucked into the ejector 120"'in the flow of compressed heat transfer vapor from the compressor ("" and then the

Indoor heat exchanger supplied, reducing the heating effect is significantly increased.

During the cooling operation the compressor supplies ("" heat transfer device "through the" ear 10 '". The switching valve W" and the pipe 14'"in the Aullen heat transfer device 15 '". Which works as a condenser,! - "cool and iinkondensiener heat transfer device flow from the Aullen heat exchanger IV "through the pipe 26 '" and a check valve 68 "into the liehalter 2 i" and from there through the pipe 22'", the pipe 5.V" and the expansion valve 106, not shown here, in ilen The internal heat exchanger works as an evaporator. The evaporated heat carrier flows from the internal heat exchanger through the pipe 52 '", ilen l-jcktor 120"', the pipe 12 '", the switching valve ΙΓ", the pipe 2S'"and the storage tank 40 '"into the compressor C"".

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Heat pump, heating or cooling system with one of an indoor heat exchanger, a Expansion valve and an external heat exchanger built-up heat transfer circuit, which via -a switching device for reversing the heat transfer flow connected to a compressor is, characterized in that the internal heat exchanger (13) a At least in heating mode, switchable heat transfer medium recirculation is connected in parallel and one Device (33,122) for heating and evaporating the backflowing heat carrier before it Re-entry into the indoor heat exchanger is provided. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a container (23) for storing the liquid heat transfer medium flowing out of the internal heat exchanger (13) is provided, to which the heat transfer medium return is connected. 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (122) for heating and evaporating the backflowing heat carrier in a pipe (130) for feeding the internal heat exchanger (13) is provided so that the heating and evaporation after the mixing of the recirculated heat carrier with the heat carrier vapor flowing from the compressor (C ") takes place. 4. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device (33, 122) for Heating and evaporation of the backflowing heat carrier is in the return. 5. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Heat transfer medium a liquid pump (32) is provided. 6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Heat carrier return a control valve (36) is provided for switching the return on and off. 7. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, characterized in that in the pipe (12 "; 12 '") for feeding the internal heat exchanger (13 ";13'") an ejector device (120; 120 '" ) is provided, which brings the returning heat carrier into the heat carrier vapor flowing in from the compressor (C ";C") . 8. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (33 ') with a memory (73) for heating and evaporating the backflowing heat transfer medium a heat storage medium (70) stored in this, a pipe coil (72) and an electrical one Has heating element (76) within the heat storage medium. 9. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device for An electrical heating element (122) or an electrical heating element (122) is used to heat and evaporate the backflowing heat carrier has a burner device. 10. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 9, characterized in that for the supply of heat for defrosting the external heat exchanger (15; 15 ';15'") only the device (33; 33 '; 122 '") is provided for heating and evaporating the heat transfer medium.