DE2241711B2 - Band circuit circulator in delta connection - Google Patents

Description

couples with each other when one of the branches the branches are through the core in a common

coupled by high frequency wave energy relative to the Ermen zone. The circulator effect depends

education level is stimulated, thereby identifying the relationship between the response behavior

draws that a capacity (24, 25, 26) of the oscillating circuits to three modes guided in them

between the ribbon line arrangement (11 to 13, ab, namely an in-phase mode and two

15, 21 to 23) and a mode rotating in opposite directions between the belt lines. The response

tungsanoj-dnung and the ground plane (17) are typically analyzed by

lowing intermediate point (16, 27) and another that the (vibration) excitation on a branch

Capacitance (28) between the intermediate point (16, the junction in three suggestions that the

27) and the ground plane are switched on. Suggestion of all three branches include, divided

2. strip line circulator according to claim 1, is. The three suggestions correspond to the own thereby characterized in that the capacitance (24, 25 vectors for the scatter matrix of the junction. 25, 26) between the strip line arrangement (11). A first excitation corresponds to the in-phase one to 13, 15, 21 to 23) and the intermediate point modes, while the remaining two excitations (16, 27) by one on a branch (11 to 13) have phases which serve to be opposite the ribbon line arrangement (11 to 13, 15) lead modes. The condition of circulation, excluded conductive tab is formed, which presses little after these suggestions, consists in that At least part of the gyromagnetic core (14) has the reflection coefficient according to its own that of the the sections of the conductive. Convert values for the scatter matrix as precisely as possible dungsbandes (15) coupling surface are 120 degrees out of phase with each other. the lying side overlaps and at a distance from structural design is such that each branch a conductive part (16) at intermediate point (27) 35 through one located on top of the core is arranged. Ribbon line is formed. If these ribbon cables

3. Ribbon line circulator according to claim 1 connected to high-frequency energy sources weroder2, characterized in that the the den, they show the required inductive dummy branches (11, 12, 13) connecting conductive tape resistors, with their fields connected across the core (15, 51, 52) through column (53, 54, 55) are decoupled 40 and with certain capacitors Sections is divided in order to match each branch assigned to the required gengeset7t rotating modes of the circulator to bring about Se resonance. With all known Ausrien capacities (31, 32, 33) to be introduced. Leading forms are the inductive reactances provided in Y or star connection, which in

45 preferred embodiments of an isolated physical line crossing in common

rich needs. However, it has already been recognized

that every Y or star connection is theoretically a

has equivalent delta or triangle connection; these

Using 50 equivalency in circulators has been introduced in

The invention relates to a strip line proposed by US Pat. No. 3,286,201. the Circulator in delta connection with at least one delta connection avoids that with the star connection ground plane and a physical crossing line end required above the ground plane Ribbon arrangement, the three rotating and therefore enables a simpler structure Band 55 of the circulator arranged symmetrically about a central axis. The triangle line branches considered so far and connecting these branches one after the other did not allow, however, in sufficient one Series loop connecting conductive tape on the basis of a separate vote of the same, furthermore with a core of gyromagnetic phase and oppositely rotating modes for Material that is located on the central axis and creating a satisfactory circulator will die Sections of the conductive tape to each other 60 kung.,

When one of the branches couples through high frequency, it was reserved for the invention to use this frequency wave energy relative to the ground plane excites blemi in the case of ribbon line circulators in triangular form, to solve. Proceeding from the strip line circuit, the known embodiment of a with concen kulator of the type specified above suggests trated circuit elements constructed constant- 65 invention for this purpose that a capacitance circulator is analytical in articles from German between the ribbon line arrangement and an intermediate and Wieser, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, see the ribbon line arrangement and the grounding vol. 2, No. 3, September 1966, pp. 278 to 282; Intermediate point and another channel

ocapacity between the intermediate point and the Er-14 are arranged. The substrate 14 itself comprises

are switched on. a plate of magnetically polarized gyromagnetic

A development of the invention consists in table material, which is usually a ferrite or a

jass the capacitance between the ribbon line arrangement is substituted garnet. Each strip or each _opening and the intermediate point through a on a 5 band is conductive with a ring 15 made of a ^lei1 -fp-

Branch of the ribbon line arrangement connected d Bdril i lihem mutual dissipating tab is formed, which is at least a part
_{d "s} gyromagnetic core at the Abd lite compound gang kl

Band is conductive with a ring 15 a fp

the strip material at the same mutual distance along the outer circumference of the ring 15 Associated with or in a corresponding

Coupling sections of the conductive connecting band- order formed in one piece with the ring 15, uas overlaps the surface on the opposite side and the conductive material can be removed from the center of the be at a distance from a conductive part on the intermediate ring 15 that its strip width d it the same or different from the widths of the bands

11, 12 and 13 in order to be able to set the characteristic line resistances; this Abmeshi to be critical of sb A great

_{d "s} gyromagnetic core at the Ab-sections of the conductive connecting band coupling surface opposite side engages over and spaced from a
is arranged ounkt.

In addition, the invention is further developed by that the conductive tape connecting the branches i Abhitt til i Ab

det that the conductive tape connecting the branches to be able to set device resistances; these

is divided into sections by column, but does not seem to be critical to the dissolution. A large

agree oppositely rotating modes of the circular width of the ring compared to the ribbon line

lculators to introduce serial capacities. gives the ring a characteristic line

The invention is opposed to the knowledge that is less than that of the band leader

eruude that 'the delta connection is in combination, as is the case with some designs

with a special capacity network wt / k an ee- ao is desired. Usually the outside diameter is

separated tuning for the in-phase modes of ring 15 on the order of>/; up to h and the oppositely rotating modes, thanks to the simple delta connection, enables radio-

light from the g

is made functional and the id

In an expedient embodiment, the Bandlei tune arrangement has the shape of a simple ring in the "e-common area to which the entrance hall in mutually equal distance bi di Ahlßk di

wishes is. As a rule, the Au of ring 15 is of the order of> /; until the wavelength of the intended operating frequency in the material of the substrate 14. The entire line

tion capable gemac g pattern can be on the substrate 14 with the help of

induced complication is avoided. 25 thin-film or photolithographic mistakes

In an expedient embodiment, the tape has built up "a, which is used in printed circuits F i ifh Ri i know.

A conductive intermediate level 16 is close to the un-

Auscän ^ branches are arranged at the same distance from each other on the underside of the ferrite substrate 14 and can be connected to one another, the connection points of the 3 "forming, for example, a conductive layer like that at the apex of the delta connection. Three of the substrate 14. The level 16 should be at least capacitors, which at each vertex the same size as the ring IS; it can also be connected largely to a common connection point and una over the ends of the bands 11, 11 and another protruding from the common connection 13 to provide additional capacitance the strips or bands corresponding to the termination point to the stripline ground plane in the <J * sami complete the tuning network size in accordance with the previously specified status

In a preferred embodiment, these are technically achievable. A conductive grounding capacitor through a single thin, conductive 17 is formed by dielectric spacers 1 »from and flat component, which is held at a distance between the belt and the intermediate level 16 The line arrangement and the grounding level inserted 40 level 17 goes continuously ^m * ^e « " The free ends of the conductors 11, 12 ^and 13 connected can be shown that the capacitors formed in this way are connected to grounding planes above or between the stripline arrangement and the intermediate circuit, so that are individual for each branch in the contact plane and all of the supply of one of the conductors as an input is influenced by other-Si modes, but the earth plane formed between 45 quente electromagnetic wave inclination for the intermediate plane and the earth plane, the two excited bands of the capacitor in common to all branches assigned adjacent sections of the Ki ngs is and only influences the in-phase modes, can be excited at the same time.

da Sch currents due to you opposite dre- The equivalent circuit of the ^ "J ™ * ^

Current modes in the common capacitor ₅ c kulators is in F. g. 2 shown. The three ^ sections of the cancel. Therefore, the phase of the in-phase ring 15 between the branches or connections can modes independently of the phases of the opposite at the operating frequency induküy_und

Fi g eme Skt ^ cal view with one broken out Part of the new circulator *, Ag, 2 an equivalent circuit of the circulator (a modification of the equivalent Scha, -

Fi _{g of} 4-einfouerschnitt partial view of a down conversion of the embodiment of Fi g. 1 and

FiR 5 6 7 and 8 top views of alternative con! igurätio'nen the execution according to fig. 1.

The in Fi g. 1 circulator shown has three BanSiei ungs central conductor 11, 12 and 13 on, which are rotationally symmetrical on top of a substrate

connections of branches 11: 2 and 1

the. The capacity of ring 5 (and the m ehe

geregten branch closest ^ far SroBeren EinHuß to d, gung induced currents as the longitudinally 6 ₅ productivity -Her removed hegende Kapantat. M rtan their words, de capacity can be converted into a «>« I ™

Capacity like ^. ^ "SSs ™"? Ä ^ £ the crown to a common

be formed. The capacitance between the intermediate plane 16 and the ground plane 17 is through a capacitance 28 is shown.

The circuit according to FIG. 2 makes it clear that the shape of an intermediate ground plane 16 is physical It is advisable, however, to provide the necessary capacities with concentrated fixed capacitors locations shown can be provided. If the strip line arrangement according to FIG. 1 in the form of an asymmetrical transmission line ίο is present, it can be seen that either a second ground plane and / or a second intermediate plane can be arranged with or without a second ferrite body over the structure shown, to create a balanced transmission line arrangement. The additional capacity between the second intermediate level and the second ground level would in this case be parallel to the Capacitors according to FIG. 2 switched.

The general parameters required for circulation are in the patents referenced above and publications are fully described and do not need to be repeated here. In Connection with the invention, however, is the type of control as provided by the capacitor network 24, 25, 26 and 28 will be of importance.

One should, therefore, realize that the in-phase mode is applied simultaneously to the branches 11, 12 and 13 applied equally large, in-phase voltages can be represented. Everyone lies there Connection at the same potential and no currents flow in inductors 21, 22 or 23 the circuit configuration of Fig. 2. Instead, currents flow from each terminal through the corresponding one individual capacitors 24. 25 or 26, and they add up across the capacitor 28 to the ground plane. All capacitors therefore have an influence on the in-phase modes. Each of the oppositely rotating modes can be caused by voltages applied to the three branches of the same size, which are phase-shifted by 120 degrees from one another. Hence flow in this case currents in inductors 21, 22 and 23 as well as in capacitors 24, 25 and 26. The total current in the capacitor 28 is due to the mutual 120-degree phase shift of the individual currents 0. The capacitor 28 thus has no influence on the oppositely rotating modes and can therefore be used for tuning the in-phase mode only.

F i g. 3 shows that for the in-phase modes, in which no currents through the inductors 21, 22 and 23 flow, capacitors 31, 32 and 33 connected in series with inductors 21, 22 and 23 respectively can be to an exclusive control or setting for the counter-rotating Creating fashions. Therefore, these series capacitors effectively form the counterpart to the parallel capacitor 28 for the rotation modes. One known for widening the operating band of the circulator Double tuning can be achieved by adding an inductance in parallel or is connected in series with the capacitor 28 in order to resonate exclusively with the in-phase modes. Similarly, inductors can be parallel to the capacitances for the same purpose 31, 32 and 33 are switched, which are only used in the oppositely rotating modes in Response.

The single parallel capacitor, e.g. B. 24, 25 or 26, in the embodiment according to F i g. 2, can with Help of the modification according to Fi g. 4 can be enlarged and / or adjusted separately. Appropriate Components of the circuit are shown in FIG. 4 with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 referred to. the A.bwandlung is that a conductive tab or a conductive strip 40 so conductive with the Band 13 is connected that it or he runs vertically along the edge of the core 14 and then on the The underside of the core 14 is folded over parallel to the band 13 on the upper side. An additional Dielectric spacer 41 is also between tab 40 and the intermediate plane Ϊ6 provided. Similar tabs are provided on the other branches 11 and 12. The capacity between the intermediate level 16 and an individual branch 11, 12 or 13 is thereby through the Length of the tab and determined by the thickness and dielectric constant of the spacer 41. It should be noted that the three tabs arranged in this way cover a large area of the underside of the core 14 can be extended so far that they do not just touch.

The F i g. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show alternative ribbon line arrangements, whose electrical behavior is generally similar to the ring arrangement according to FIG. 1 is. In F i g. 5 are the bands, e.g. B. 51, straight strips that connect the triangle vertices together. Figure 6 shows that a band, e.g., 52, curves inwardly towards the central axis of symmetry can be. F i g. 7 shows an embodiment in which series capacitors (e.g. 31, 32 and 33 according to FIG Fig. 3) are formed by band gaps or gaps 53 and 54, which together one of these series capacitors electrically correspond. A single capacitive gap could apparently in the middle of each Ribbon, or the total capacitance at one end of the strip in the space provided by gap 55 in FIG. 8 indicated Be arranged in a manner. A larger capacity at one of these locations can be achieved with the help of a isolated overlap can be created between the ends of a given tape.

The principles of the present invention should not be confused with those of the term "ring circulators" known arrangements are confused, which in schematic form only one have superficial resemblance to the circulators claimed here. These known designs comprise three T-connections which are joined together to form a ring by non-reciprocal phase shifters are. These known designs are large compared to a wavelength of the operating frequency and do not include concentrated constant resonance.

For this purpose i sheet of drawings

Claims (1)

ι 2 nishi, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory Patent Claims · * ° d Techniques, Vol. 13, November 1965, pp. 852 to K '864; Davis and Cohen, IEEE Transactions on 1. Ribbon circuit circulator in delta connection Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 11, Novemmit at least one ground plane and one 5 ber 1963, pp. 506 to 512; and in the US.-over the ground plane lying stripline patents 3,335,374, 3,538,459, 3,573,665 and arrangement that treats three rotationally symmetrical around 3 605 040 Ribbon line branches arranged on a central axis. In general, a circulator of this type and one of these branches one after the other in a disk-shaped ferrite core and three branches Conductive tape connecting a loop, which is in threefold symmetry radially with respect to has, furthermore are arranged with a core made of gyromagnetic core. Each branch also has This material has a resonant circuit with an inductive conductor arranged on the central axis net is and the sections of conductive tape and a special capacitive element on, and