DE1293264B - Broadband circulator in stripline construction - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to an application example with a strip in Fig. 5a and 5b

wired broadband circulator, stripline filled with dielectric,
at the top and under the branch point gyromagne- Fig. 6, the characteristic curve which the

Table material is arranged and the effect that occurs when the training is inadequate is viewed a constant magnetic field is applied. 5 light,

Since the mode of operation of such circulators all- F i g. 7 is a scheme for a known from a strip in common, is a related closer line existing known Y-circulator,
Explanation about it omitted here. Circulators F i g. 8 shows a diagram for a Y-circulator according to the invention, which is composed of a strip and is also referred to as directional forks in the German-speaking professional world under guidance. At io F i g. 9 to 15 further embodiments of a Y-circulator, in which in the Y- or T-shaped invention,

gene branch point of a high-frequency line, such as F i g. 16 a comparison of the invention with

a coaxial line or especially strip line, the previous circulator in the admittance card and gyromagnetic material provided and attached to the same F i g. 17 the frequency dependence of various

A vertically oriented magnetic field is applied, 15 values of the circulator according to the invention.
and the quality of the magnetic material as well as the Fig. 1 shows the top view of the broadband

Dimension of each part of the duct influences and circulator with the resonator circuit, the outer one determining Head is removed on one side so that you can easily see the 20 interior space of the line to widen the operating frequency band. With 1 is the invention is based on the idea of the side part of a cylindrical outer conductor, that the input impedance and thus that represents the unter.dem crossing angle of 120 ° the Has frequency dependence of the loss in the blocking input and output terminal. 2 and 4 are the direction as well as the loss in the forward direction cutouts in which the coaxial line construction thereby it can be improved that connecting lines formed in the references are provided extension of a line forming the circulator. . .

Arranged parallel or series resonance circuit and with 5 and 7 are the inner conductors of this coaxial

denotes the frequency dependence of the impedance or wire lines, while with 8 the inner conductor mittanz, which is printed by this resonance circuit, the gyro- der stripline, which is influenced on the dielectric 9 according to magnetic material and the line, 30 the photo-etching process, etc., and which is compensated within a certain range. Figure is shown as a Y-shape, is designated. However, 10 matching circles of this type for broad- means the gyromagnetic material, which between 8 band circulators bring the difficulty that the gyro- and the circular, triangular, etc. out-magnetic is introduced in and the outer conductor, not shown in the figure, of the introduction of the parallel resonance circuit Fabric and the introduction point of the Par- 35 can be formed. The usual connection between the two resonant circuits is removed from each other and the inner conductors see the coaxial and the space requirement increased. When introducing fenleitung, as can be seen from the connection between 7 of a series resonant circuit, the space requirement and 8 is carried out by means of soldering, also increased, especially if the connection according to the invention is such as a half-wavelength resonant circuit. The 40 at the connections 5, 6 can be seen, the execution of the matching circuit as a resonance circuit 6 and the stripline inner conductor 8 or so inevitably requires a certain line of the series inductance forming part 11, which is a length, so that a geometric reduction is not an extension of S represents, and 8 cannot be reached electrically. Furthermore, since the frequency-dependent conductors are connected to one another, the line length up to the resonance circuit with an area of 45 is compared in such a way that a capacitance connected to the line is included, a broadband row can also be inserted,
adaptation will be made more difficult. At connection 5, from the gyromagnetic

The invention is based on the object of looking at a substance, first the series capacity one circulator on the one hand better performed for broadband operation and then the one from a thin line 11 usable and, on the other hand, little space-related series inductance, while on the Andig to design. conclusion 6 reverse the order of introduction

This job is done at one in stripline.

built-in broadband circulator with a cut through the terminals of the coaxial line

on and under the junction gyromagnetic is shown in FIG. In this figure is the Kon material is arranged and to which a 55 struktion during operation, bemagnetic from the central surface of the inner conductor DC field is applied, inventive, balanced up and down symmetrically solved by the fact that in the circulator close to leads, but can for the sake of a simpler a resonance circuit is inserted into the gyromagnetic material. Manufacture the inner conductors 8, 11 etc. only on one Embodiments of the er side of the dielectric 9 will be provided below. Of the Finding explained in more detail on the basis of the drawing. There 60 connection 5 and the narrow strip 11 are connected to show the tip of the inner conductor of the coaxial line by means of

F i g. 1 and 2, the upper view of the Kon-soldering connected, while the connection 5 Structure of an end of the strip 11 facing away from the inner gate according to the invention, facing away from the broadband circula and its section, conductor 8 of the stripline insulated in terms of direct current Fi g. 3 is an equivalent circuit to explain the 65. The size of the row capacity becomes here finding, through the opposing faces of 8 and U, F i g. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment for a construction of the distance and the dielectric constant of the tion to change the capacity, medium between these two parts and through

3 4

determines the leadership character. In addition to the construction in FIG. 4 is in terms of the dielectric can be made of a material that in the change of C, also thought that the high frequency band has low losses, as opposite column between 8 and 11 stingy. B. polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., exist, can be changed or that 5 and 11 in relation but it can also be z. B. barium titanate or 5 to 8 can be pulled to the right.
Act carbon-containing material whose In F i g. 5 a and 5 b is an application example of the effective resistance by the frequency-dependent inventive concept in a strip line filled with dielectric is changed from the dielectric loss factor. The application of the invention is given in the manufacture whereby the selectivity Q at the resonance of the circuit printed with a corresponding frequency characteristic curve of the double strip line according to the technique of a geStromkreises. This can make the phase rotation very advantageous. In FIG. 5, 12 denotes the dielectric, which is filled over a wide frequency range and consists of a pole-stretching impedance to a desired value, which is controlled very low in the high-frequency range. The size of the series inductance has some losses. With an inner conductor 13 is designated by the width, the length, the thickness and the 15 net, which is printed and connected on 12 and L / line character of the line 11 is determined. That educates. The dielectric, which is made of the same material as in the case of a series resonant circuit according to this construction, has 12, is shown with 14, which, in practice, the effect of a parallel resonant 12 is introduced opposite the dielectric. 15 and nanzkreises and can therefore not represent the outer conductors as pure 16, which are seen from the outside as a series resonance circuit, but it can be screwed in such a way that 12, 14 etc. are pressed on in practical use as series resonators. 17 and 18 are the inner conductors of the nominal strip circle to be dealt with. After the construction line that form the Y-shaped junction and in F i g. 1 and 2, the line length, which has the series resonance circuit between the gyromagnetic substances 19 and 20, can be greatly shortened. as well as 21 and 22 clamped or pressed on. For example, it can be 25 in the frequency band of 2 GHz. The parts 17, 18 and 13 are direct current to one twentieth to one thirtieth of the wave-wise isolated from one another, but are selected capacitively with one-length. coupled to each other. The value of the capacitance C ₁ that

In FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit for the adaptation is represented by 13 and 18 as well as 13 and 17, matching part of FIG. 2 shown. Since the admit- can by the construction according to F i g. 4 changes Yf, which are produced by the gyromagnetic substance. If, C _t and L is pre-call in value and considered of the same from the end / are selected in accordance with, the _impedance-f of 18, 19 by the of the capacitance C and the inductance by the gyromagnetic material seen Lf existing parallel resonant circuit and the Ab Since the improved terminating resistance Z is represented over a broad band in the frequency response, the normalized and also the adaptation characteristics combined admittance Y _f · Z ₀ can be improved by the following formula. If the distance / is pressed in between: see the gyromagnetic substances and the distance / 1 \ stand Γ between the series capacitances of the

Yf ^z o = 1 + j {01 Cf ^ L ~] 'Zo zo is chosen appropriately, can also

^ ^f ' achieve an improved characteristic.

This relationship is depending on the dimension and 4 ° in the case of FIG. 5 facilitate the parts into which

the quality of the gyromagnetic material, the Cha- 19, 20 and 21, 22 are introduced, the construct

characteristic of the line and the applied magnetization of 17, 18 in that in the dielectrics 12,

field slightly different. However, as long as one provides 14 round holes in the sewing area. Since in stripes

area of the gyromagnetic material remains, z. B. fenleitungsbauweise executed Y-double circula-

within an eighth of a wavelength, this gate is the direct current connection part of the

drawing in a certain frequency range, if line can be omitted in each part,

only the point of view is changed a little. the soldering work etc. can be dispensed with and the circuit

Furthermore, Z _t simulates the series resonance circuit, can be further reduced, whereby the production

which is assigned to the outside. The series capacity C _{t is} very simplified and the technical and manufacturing

and the series inductance L _t will be significantly increased to a value of 5 ° moderate gain,

chosen, which cancels the effect of C _f and L _f. In the fig. 6 is to explain the effect of the

through the input impedance Z _in , of the arrangement according to the invention, the characteristic of the

Terminal 1-1 'of the circulator is considered, in a damping in the reverse direction for a relative fre-

know frequency range is shown in a broadband matching frequency band, where α is indicated by Y _f in F i g. 3

above. If here to compensate for the scatter 55 certain previous characteristic curve of the attenuation in the

of Cf, Lf , etc., the capacitance C _{t is} variable from the blocking direction and b the characteristic curve in the assignment

a simple scheme can be carried out _yon ^ _{bedemet> the} ^^ ^ _ratio _4 £ _,

The F i g. 4 shows an embodiment for the modification - that represents the attenuation over 20 bd is im

tion of the capacity C _t . If in FIG. 4 the 60 case a 20% and in case b about 60%. Through the access

Parts 8, 9 and 10 are rotated by the angle Θ , the loss attenuation in the order of Z _t

the series transmission direction consisting of parts U and 8 is hardly changed, or the enlargement

capacity by changing the distribution of the tion is very low.

high-frequency electromagnetic field, before Since it is also possible according to the invention, the

all of the components of the electric field within the circle to be assigned in accordance with the phase

half of the stripline and in C / against scattering of Y _f in the gyromagnetic

changes, thereby increasing the resonance frequency of Z _t to introduce substance-containing interior space on

will. this way a circulator with a small construction

and high efficiency can be created without difficulty.

When a reflective type amplifier including a circulator is formed with a negative resistance, the DC bias and low frequency AC voltages are not transmitted from the circuit due to the effect of the capacitance C _t , so that the propagation, excitation and oscillation of spurious waves are avoided and a stable amplifier is obtained can be reached. Further, since the frequency characteristic of the impedance is controlled and the lumped circle resonance circuit is inserted, the phase rotation of the impedance extending over the wide frequency range is small, so that a circuit having a wide operating frequency band and high gain can be formed.

F i g. 7 shows a Γ circulator composed of a strip line. If the ferrite disks 2, 3 are arranged on and under the junction of the inner conductor 1 of the stripline and the constant field HDC is applied by a magnet system (not shown), the circulator is known to operate according to the sequence

»5

for the energy brought about by the electromagnetic waves. This previous circulator has the disadvantage that the frequency band is narrow and at most is only / = 10% (if the attenuation is above 20 db) and when the band center frequency is denoted by / ₀ .

The frequency characteristic of the admittance in the vicinity of the band center frequency / _{0 of} the circulator of FIG. 7, when the plane close to the ferrite is regarded as the normal plane, is the curve 12 in FIG. 16 can be described, from which it can be seen that the circulator can be viewed equivalently as a non-reciprocal resonance circuit. In order to achieve a wider operating frequency band, it is therefore sufficient if at a distance of an odd multiple of about a quarter wavelength from the outside of the circulator, ie from the normal plane of curve 12, a resonance circuit with that circular quality Q under a load which is almost the same as in curve 12 is added. But this has the disadvantage that the spatial dimensions of the circulator are greatly enlarged and the broadband capability is also not achieved so well.

By applying the teaching according to the invention, such disadvantages are avoided and an in A Y-circulator made of stripline construction is obtained, the shape of which is small and which is a wide one Has operating frequency band.

As shown in FIG. 8, a projection 5 with a suitable shape, which is determined by the operating frequency, the quality and the dimensions of the ferrite, etc., is added between the branches at the branch point of the inner conductor 4 of the stripline. If the ferrite disks 2, 3 are arranged at this branch point and the constant field HDC is set to a required value from the outside, a resonance circuit is formed from this attachment 5 and the ferrite disks 2, 3. Here, the S5 frequency characteristic of the admittance, as with the curve in FIG. 16 is shown substantially reduced in size. In this way, a stripline Y circulator having a wider operating frequency band can be provided.

It can be experimentally checked whether the shape and dimensions of the approach 5, the quality and the dimensions of the ferrite disks 2, 3, the thickness and width of the inner conductor 4 etc. from the band center frequency / ₀ or the like have been calculated correctly.

In the F i g. 9 to 15 show further exemplary embodiments of the invention. 9 to 13 show the case that the inner conductor 4 and the extension 5 of the Y-circulator are formed in one piece. 14 shows the case that on and under the inner conductor 6, which does not have the extension, the second conductor 7, which has the extension 8 with the corresponding shape and dimensions, is conductively connected to the inner conductor 6 in direct current or insulated therefrom by the dielectric is superimposed. The fact that the center O 'of the second conductor 7 is made coincident with the center O of the inner conductor 6 and the conductor 7 is rotated a little relative to the inner conductor 6 or the rotation is carried out by shifting the centers O' and O , it is possible to achieve the Deviation of the admittance at the terminals φ, φ, (D caused by the ferrite disks 2, 3, the inner conductor 6 and various elements to be regulated or to give the admittance at each terminal a different value.

Fig. 15 shows the case that the invention on a so-called T-circulator is used. By choosing the form of the approaches accordingly 10,11 can, as with the Y-circulator, have a wider operating frequency band can be achieved.

The invention can be applied not only to the Y or T circulator, but also to any one of the stripline construction running circulator.

In FIG. 17, the standing wave ratio VSWR, the transmission attenuation and the attenuation in the reverse direction of a previous circulator (curves 14, 14 ', 14 ") with the corresponding values of a circulator according to the invention (curves 15, 15', 15 ").

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Broadband circulator in stripline construction, with which on and under the Junction point gyromagnetic material is arranged and a magnetic one when in operation DC field is applied, characterized in that a resonance circuit is inserted in the circulator close to the gyromagnetic material is. 2. Broadband circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the circle is a series resonant circuit which is insulated in the inner or outer conductor part, at least in terms of direct current, is inserted. 3. Broadband circulator according to claim 1, characterized in that between the branches An approach is provided in the branch point of the inner conductor on the inner conductor. 4. Broadband circulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the approach consists of one there is a separate conductor from the inner conductor, which is attached to the inner conductor so that it is with this is conductively connected in terms of direct current. 5. Broadband circulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the approach consists of one the conductor deviating from the inner conductor consists in that additional dielectric between the inner conductor and the approach is inserted and that these three parts are attached so that the The inner conductor and the approach are insulated from one another in terms of direct current. 6. broadband circulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the relative position of the Approach to the branch of the inner conductor is changeable. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 909517/382