DE2241385A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING LIQUIDS - Google Patents

Description

No. P 9V182

IDHBX, Inc.
Blue Island, Illinois, V.St.A.

Method and device for clarifying liquids

The invention relates to a method for clarifying contaminants containing liquids, in which a liquid to be clarified is passed through a primary filter that retains the impurities and behind it is derived in a clarified state, the impurities that collect on the primary filter after Ineaismlung in certain Amount with interruption of the passage of liquid through the <The primary filter is detached from it, fed to a secondary filter and separated from the liquid carried along there, and the Liquid which has passed through the secondary filter is returned for further use is, as well as devices that are particularly suitable for performing such a method.

Filter systems for clarifying liquids are used in many cases used where solid and chemical contaminants are involved remove from a liquid before this, for example is drained into a small sewer, and the execution forms and working methods of such are correspondingly diverse Filter systems.

In one group of application cases, the closed systems, in order to avoid environmental pollution it is required that a liquid in the filter system is clarified so that it can be pale into the sewer and / or costly! Elimination can be continuously maintained in renewed circulation * Eactual fsölelass closed FiItriereyetea particular always comes dsswa la to "®ndwng ₉ if either the price to be clarified Fllssigkeit ®eü.feot ® <4®r costs

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are so high for their harmless removal that draining the liquid is economical after a large number of cycles becomes portable.

In another group of use cases, the open systems, it is necessary for the containment of the environment that certain in materials entrained or suspended in the liquid are removed therefrom before the liquid is drained from the system. In this case, the impurities or suspended materials must then be collected in the most economical way for their disposal will.

A common type of filter system for clarifying liquids by removing solid particles and chemical contaminants a mechanical sieve is used in conjunction with a chemical filter to remove these contaminants * In In certain cases, the mechanical screen can serve as a support for a chemical adsorbent, removing the solid and chemical contaminants adsorbed on the surface of the filter. However, in the course of their removal from the liquid, the Impurities on the surface of the filter and obstruct the passage of the liquid, if necessary until the clogged Filters, followed by removing the filter cake from it Septum is required. When the filter cake has accumulated to an extent that adversely affects the clarification of the liquid the filter cake must be removed, for which an interruption of the filtration process is necessary.

In some cases a disposable filter is used so that if the filter becomes clogged, the filtering process is interrupted, the system opened and the filter itself can be replaced. In other cases, cleaning devices such as brushes, scratches and / or sprayers are provided, which mechanically remove the filter cake from Remove the filter sieve or the septum. In still other cases, the filter cake is backwashed from the septum by a kind of backwash detached by the flow of the filtrate through the filter in its

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Sighting is reversed. In all of these cases the filter cake becomes detached from the septum and the suspended filter material in caused the liquid to settle.

A design for filter systems in which the removal of the filter cake from the filter surface can take place without dismantling the filter system © is that of the two-chamber filter. During the operation of filter systems of this type, contaminated liquid is pumped into a primary filter chamber and through a primary filter, whereby a precipitate of filter cake remains on the primary filter arranged in the primary filter hindered by the primary filter ”, a Meehaaiseker Setaber comes into action, removing the filter cake Y © m £ V ± £ iä? fil.ter and leaving it to settle on the bottom of the primary feed chamber. As soon as the accumulation of filter cake at the bottom of the primary filter chamber reaches an undesirable height, the filtering process is interrupted and the entire contents of the primary filter chamber are raging. Inclusion of the filter cake in the form of a secondary or Salilamstfiltcrkasraer gepuspi, where the liquid is removed through a secondary "© the SghXaEmfilter from the filter" cake and returned to use.

This type of filter system has »numerous disadvantages <> So when the filter cake is detached from the primary filter, a larger part of the filter cake remains in suspension in the surrounding solvent _? until gravity causes the particles to settle on the bottom © of the primary »filter chamber. A longer waiting time is therefore required before the filtering process is started so that the suspended filter cake does not settle again on the Friraax filter. This waiting time naturally leads to an undesirable lengthening of the entire filtering process. Furthermore, in order to remove the sludge at the bottom of the primary filter chamber, the entire filter chamber must be emptied. Every time the filter cake is detached from the Pri.marfil.ter, the primary filter chamber must therefore be completely refilled before the filtering process can be continued. This refilling of the entire primary filter chamber is inevitable

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■ it tinea connected further loss of time and therefore means a repeated one unwanted extension for the filtering process. Finally, it is also disadvantageous that when the primary filter chamber is emptied whose ends and residues τοη filter cake adhere to the primary filter stay when the liquid is aspirated.

In another embodiment of known filter systems, a primary filter and a secondary filter are in one filter box summarized. During normal operation of these known filter systems contaminated liquid is pumped through the primary filter, whereby filter cake is deposited on its septum. The secondary filter arranged at the bottom of the filter chamber remains that way out of service for a long time until the primary filter has been backwashed, d. H. ! ■ reverse the direction of flow for the liquid being cleaned. at The filter cake is broken loose by the Efclaar filter during this washing of books and drifts after the bottom of the filter kaaaer * u then in operation Genoaaenen secondary filter, behind the voa filter cake separated FiItrat sua reuse is attributed.

The main disadvantage of this well-known ax τοη filter systems is that the Priaärfilter must be cleaned by backwashing to a Stroa clay liquid and filter cake rom primary filter bub secondary filter let arise su. Such a backwash, however, means a very tough load on a filter and shortens its service life considerable. Many or even most of the filter types are old a partition made of a fine-meshed sieve, which is only sealed off on the low-pressure side by a supporting structure when pressure is exerted from the low-pressure side, slightly from this support structure can peel off and tear apart. For many filter types is therefore backwashing is not permitted at all. A further disadvantage is that the liquid passing through the secondary filter dea all the way back to the primary filter for which the B & Ckwash has to be packaged. Me Liquid therefore takes a longer time to flow through the secondary filter to the primary filter. In addition to the one fed by the FiItrat Apparatus to be kept running during filter cleaning in order for dae Bückweeshers, Fliiteigk ·! t puapen back to the primary filter, though.

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this apparatus may otherwise be operated cyclically. Must be the process the filter cleaning must be carried out regularly, the Continuous pumping of the apparatus, and such continuous pumping naturally leads to greater stress and strain greater wear than would be the case with normal cyclical operation. Another disadvantage is that the secondary filter is only put into operation during the cleaning process, but otherwise remains inactive - during the normal filtering process · β. For the settling of the suspended particles from the liquid in the filter chamber is therefore gravity as the only force effective. This Natural Abse.tzVorgang takes place very slowly, and therefore, most of the suspended particles will come from the liquid again drawn into the primary filter so that the Surface of the primary filter a rapid accumulation of filter material and gives both suspended and dissolved impurities and thus a frequent repetition of the kneeling process with the for the filter becomes necessary for harmful backwashing. One final drawback finally results from the fact that the filter cake is only detached from the primary filter when it begins to clog it. the Filter systems are not built for frequent inclination, and therefore the through openings in the primary filter must be quite large in order to to avoid frequent clogging of the filter. But this means naturally a reduction in the effectiveness of the filtration.

In another known filter system with primary and secondary filter chambers, liquid to be clarified is passed through the primary filter chamber until the primary filter is used up and has to be replaced. The filtering process is then interrupted and the filter cake is removed from the septum. The unclarified liquid loaded with the suspended filter cake is exposed to high pressure in the primary filter chamber, and the secondary filter is put into circulation again through which the Filtorkttcheasuapsasioß transported to the secondary filter tsir & o B ± <s gökläg'to liquid is immediately to the Hoehdruekeeita de α iViaäs ¹ filters aariäekgo, whereby they with au? AfeiSsuag d & @ Filfe®rkii © h © ßs vub. PMaä ^ flltor feoraa ™

can be drawn and / or used further or discarded, whereby this decision depends on the type of clarified liquid.

This known filter system can be successful in some cases used, but it is subject to numerous restrictions, which question their successful practical use on an industrial scale for filtration operations for wastewater control.

Overall, the use of the known filter systems leads either an incomplete and time-consuming cleaning process, or it is associated with backwashing that is harmful to the filters, so that none of these known filter systems are generally satisfactory Use on an industrial scale is appropriate where a Almost continuous operation of the filter system with marl painter performance is required.

The invention is therefore based on the object of clarifying contaminated Liquids by means of filters to be made more intense and quicker by cleaning-related interruptions of the actual The clarification process should be shortened as much as possible without this The cost of the service life of the filters used is an issue.

This task is based on a method of the aforementioned Type solved according to the invention in that the secondary filter clarified liquid which has passed through is mixed with filter aids and fed to the primary filter and / or the secondary filter.

With the help of the method according to the invention, the time in which the Filters serve to eliminate the unclarified liquid, to a maximum while, conversely, the time in which the filters are made functional again is reduced to a minimum. It will the primary filter used to clarify the contaminated liquid automatically cleaned to the required extent and charged with new filter material for continued operation. The used filter material is removed from the primary filter chamber for its disposal collected and disposed of while the primary filter completes the filtration process resumes.

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The invention also relates to a device to "clarify." Liquids containing clay, which are calibrated in particular Sun carrying out the process according to the invention is suitable. This device, which has a first and a second filter chamber that contain a primary filter or a secondary filter and via liquid lines are connected to one another, is characterized according to the invention in that at the filtrate outlet of the second filter chamber a mixing chamber is connected, which has at least one inlet for the introduction of a predeterminable amount of filter aid substances and at its outlet with the high pressure side of the first and / or the second filter chamber is connected.

A preferred development of the invention is that the accumulated impurities are heated to facilitate their removal so that at least some of the still contained therein Liquid evaporates, in addition to this vapor in particular plugs from the impurities, their moisture content is adjustable.

In addition, both the method according to the invention and the Device according to the invention capable of numerous configurations, the Subject of subclaims are.

When the process according to the invention is carried out in a device according to the invention, contaminated liquid to be clarified is pressed through the primary filter in the first or primary filter chamber, the filtering pressure being generated either by an overpressure on the inlet side or - preferably - by a pressure generated on the outlet or filtrate side Vacuum can be created. In the course of this pressing of liquid through the primary filter, the increasing accumulation of filter cake on the high pressure side of the primary filter increases its flow resistance and thus the pressure drop in the primary filter. As soon as this pressure drop has reached a prescribable value, the filter size & itsas dee primary filter is used up, will öcs? Filtrier ^ orgaog for the liquid to be clarified interrupted vs 4 ctee I'll trier eysfces

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completed, in particular the Filtratabfuhr on the low pressure side of the primary filter stops. Then, the filter cake accumulated on the primary filter is removed therefrom using, for example Brushes peeled off and suspended in the uncleared liquid in the primary holding chamber. Then the content becomes the primary Filter chamber into the secondary or secondary side, which is used as a desludging chamber Filter chamber transferred, with the addition of filter aids for the suspension of the detached filter cake and unclarified liquid, the formation of a filter medium on the high pressure side of the Secondary filter can be accelerated in the secondary filter chamber. The suspended filter cake as well as any added filter aids are deposited on the secondary filter long continues until all solid particles are separated, and the liquid occurs in a clarified state at the low pressure or Filtrate side of the secondary filter off. Sound there she becomes the one part fed to a mixing chamber forming a watering device and therein mixed with a further addition of filter aids. This mixture of liquid and filter aids is then applied to the The high pressure side is introduced into the primary filter chamber and leads there to accelerated formation of an intermediate on the primary filter; as soon as this is allowed to happen, the interrupted filtering process for the liquid to be clarified at the primary filter is resumed. While this process becomes the secondary filter in the secondary The filter chamber is freed of the filter cake that has accumulated on it and that settles on the orunde of the secondary filter chamber. The consumed Filter cake or ffnhie— is made by a central screw in the secondary filter chamber su guided by a horizontal screw, which forwards it to a Tertikaien screw conveyor. This, vertical The screw conveyor is surrounded by a heat jacket and enables the sludge to be heated up, which means that see below solidified to a desired consistency. At the same time he spends vertical screw conveyors the se solidified mud lamb after it into a waste container, which is a preferred AmsfUhrungeform the sludge is heated accordingly by the screw conveyor the application of the Schlaaas facilitated.

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In the drawing, the invention is based on a preferred exemplary embodiment for a device designed according to the invention illustrates clarification of contaminated liquids; included demonstrate:

Fig * 1 is a perspective bar division of the entire clarifier to illustrate the connections between their individual parts,

FIG. 2 shows the primary filter chamber of the clarifier from FIG. 1 partially cut frontal perspective,

FIG. 3 shows the secondary filter chamber of the clarifier from FIG. 1 including the facilities sub-issuing the accumulated impurities also in partially cut frontal perspective,

K the mixing chamber and the devices and mechanisms for the addition of filter aids for the sewing device from lüg * 1 again in a partially sectioned frontal perspective,

5 shows a partial section through that in the primary filter chamber used feeding mechanism?

Üg. 6 is a front view of the filters shown in FIG a clearer presentation of the facilities Peel off the used cake and sub peel off the clarified liquid. the primary filter chamber,

Fig. 7 a. Section through the ulcer mechanism in the secondary Filter chamber,

Fig. 8 is an end view of the filter shown in Fig. 7 sur

better illustration of the facilities sub satfernen the accumulated sludge and other material from the filter aechanioaua,

Fig. 9 shows a partial view from behind of the projection of the primary Filter chamber and the lines connected to it and

Fig. 10 also partially from behind on the outlet of the secondary Filter chamber and the lines connected to it.

You la Fig. 1 as a whole shown clarifying device has a primary filter mechanism 100, a secondary filter mechanism or SntschlaBmer 200 and iron precoat JOO, as best Fig. 1 and 2 show, unclarified liquid is from a main pump 10,

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<ϋ · can be of any commercially available type, sucked in and pumped through a pressure line 11 to an inlet 13 for the primary filter mechanism 100. A check valve 12 is built into the pressure line 11, which only allows the unclarified liquid to flow in one sifting. Between 12 and BückechlagTentil de Ej * n fi le a Filterpuape 20 is located in the pressure line 11 a check valve 14, via which the pressure line 11 can be shut off su Wartungezwecken. The main pump 10 and the filter pump 20 work in series and pump the unclarified liquid into a primary filter chamber 110, ie the primary filter mechanism 100.

The primary filter mechanism 100 with the primary filter chamber 110 is closed at the top with a cover 111, which is removably attached to it and allows easy hardening of the internal fixtures. At the bottom, the primary filter chamber 110 is made up of a cone 11 * liquid is closed, which is almost arranged in it and the Unexplained items delivered via the main pump 10 and the filter pump 20 absorbs liquid. At the bottom of the cone 11 there is an outlet 115, which is in communication with an outlet conduit 117 which enables material to be transferred to the secondary feeder mechanism 200. There was also a valve 115 at the cone 11 * and a valve at 209 la the secondary mtermeehamlemas 200 is in the Aualaß line 117 a shut-off valve 118 inserted, which a shut-off sv martungssweeken enables.

The unexplained initiated in the primary filtering mechanism 100 Influence is determined by means of a primary filter · 150 in the primary Filter chamber 110 cleared and leaves the primary filter chamber 110 in clarified state duroh a Filteraualaß 50, whereupon it is set in renewed circulation depending on the current operating phase of the H & rvorrichtuag, discarded or passed on to the Aasehwemmela direction, like this «Ate» la individual is explained. Ba * Prlmlrf liter 150 contains a hollow filter tube 162, which to facilitate its Assbaua from the primary filter chamber 110 is constructed in two parts a filter attached to the filter chamber 110 · »··! · 151 bsw. at the another drawer in the eiaea sealed bearing housing 156 aitzt. Like on

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5, the filter tube 162 is closed at both ends and has through holes 153 through which cleared Liquid can escape from the primary filter 150.

On the filter tube 162 are coaxially and disc-shaped with mutual separation by spacer rings 164- 16O filter elements mounted so that the holes 153 are i ^m filter tube 162 respectively with the interior of a filter disc in connection. Each filter element 160 has a support structure 167 covered with a fine-mesh screen 168, which is formed from an accordion-like folded flat sheet material, extends radially outward from the center of the respective filter element 160 and tapers towards the outer edge. The sieves 168 each have such a hole size that after the uncleared liquid is pumped through the respective filter element 160, all solid particles suspended in the liquid with a diameter of about 7 microns and more are retained on the sieve 168. This mesh size for the sieves I68 is only one possible example and it depends in each case on the particle size of the filter aids used and the impurities suspended in the liquid to be clarified. The filter elements 160 each have a bingbord 169 on their outer edge, which is fastened there with an overlap of the sieves 168 and seals the outer edge of the respective filter element 160.

Wipers I80 are arranged between the individual filter elements 16O, in the manner explained below in one of the ways of the inclination of the Surface of the filter elements I60 are used. They wiper 180 sit each on the spacer rings 164- between two adjacent filter elements 160 and are in contact with their mutually facing surfaces. If the filter elements I6O are relatively z «. the wipers 180 twisted, so is subject to this Belativbeveguag the entire Surface of the filter elements I60 a cleaning weighing effect.

Each wiper 18O has a wiper arm 181 with brush bristles 182 is occupied, extends radially outward from the filter tube 162 and closes its support around the respective spacer I6 * t.

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A stop 186 is attached to the wall of the primary chamber 110, on which the Wiecharme 181 come to rest, whereby a co-rotation of the wiper 18O with the filter tube 162 when turning the Filter elements 160 is prevented. You wiper 18O therefore remain in steady state, and their brush bristles 182 brush over the entire surface of the corresponding filter elements 16O, if this can be set in rotation via a drive 1 * tO.

Practical tests have shown that the speed for the botation of the filter elements 16O are selected relative to the wipers 18O there should be a relative velocity between filter elements 16O and wipers 18O not exceeding 2.5 m / min (1000 inches / minute) and preferably between about 0.5 and 1 m / min (2OQ to 4-00 inches / minute), since then the material of the used filter cake breaks loose from the sieves 168 in large pieces, which are in the surrounding The liquid will quickly settle on the bottom.

When operating the clarifier shown, the main pump 10 and the filter pump 20 energizes and pumps unclarified liquid from an appropriate source into the cone 11 ^ in the primary Feed chamber 110 · Due to the pumping action of both pumps, the primary filter chamber 110 'generates a pressure which the unclarified liquid pushes through the filter elements 16O, which then clarified Liquid exits into the filter tube 162 and from this is passed on, while the mlt carried impurities in the filter cake held on the outside of the filter elements 16O are, the passage openings for the passage of the liquid through the filter elements 16O relocate more and more and the one for pressing liquid through the filter elements 160 required bridge gradually increases.

As soon as a certain pressure value is reached with this increase in pressure, a pressure-sensitive switch 190 responds and takes action a change in the operation of the clarifier from the filtering process to the renewal of what is sitting on the sieves 168 and used up Fllterkuchen materials. Closing the switch 190 is

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The drive 14O for the Botatioa ie® primary filter 15Ο 4s ßaag is set, and the filter elements 16Ο graze aa d © n festetehe & de & iaselera 18Ο, whereby the used filter cake is detached from the »sieves 16S and in the uncleared liquid ia a < sx prisärea filter chamber 110 goes into suspension «

FSr the removal of the spent FiXternaaterials the main pump 10 and the filter pump 2Ö etillg © werdaa "efcsst _s during a fiitschlamntungspumpe 30 and a feed pump hQ operating gekcßo The Eatschlajfiffiungspumpi» 3® is "iae faJmraapump © and looks Iiirsb. a secondary filter 25Q through Flössigkeit ame eiaer sekiaaiiSs'öa chamber 210 of the secondary FÜtemeehaalamue ZQQ from "ifeefe passage through filter elements 260 of the Sekundärfilterβ 25 © is fed dia liquid via a Auslaßleitusg 31 ^ AEIE £ jßseliwesiaeiHi? iek-SOG 3QO, wherein a in the AuslaBleituag 31 inserted chopping valve 32 ensures that. the liquid can only flow through the AuaLaßloituag 31 in one sighting.

Menn the contents of the primary udder chamber 110 via the outlet at the bottom of the cone 114- peeled off and into the secondary filter mechanism 200- has been introduced ^ the suspended solid particles as well as the used filter cake on the filter elements 26Ο of the secondary filter 250th collected. The secondary filter 250 contains a hollow. Filter tube 262, which is designed to facilitate its removal from the secondary filter chamber 210-swciteilig and rotatable in a filter bracket attached to the filter chamber 210 251 or at the other end in a sealed bearing housing 256 is seated The filter tube 262 is closed at both ends and has continuous. Holes 263.

The filter elements 260 A9B secondary filter 250 are mounted on the filter tube 262 coaxially to and with mutual separation by spacer rings 264 so that the bores 263 in the filter tube 262 are connected to the inside of a filter disk Sieve 268 coated support structure 26? Which consists of a

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- 11 »-

accordion-like folded flat sheet material is formed from the center the respective filter element 260 extends radially outwards and tapers towards the outer edge. The screens 268 each have such a mesh size that when pumping through unclarified liquid all solid particles contained therein with a diameter of about 47 microns and more are retained on sieves 268 will. The filter elements 260 each have one on their outer edge fiingbord 269, which there overlapping the corresponding sieve 268 is attached and seals the outer edge of the respective filter element 260.

Between the individual filter elements 260 are their cleaning serving wiper 280 arranged, each on the spacer rings sit between two adjacent filter elements 260 and are in contact with their mutually facing surfaces. Will the Filter elements 260 rotated relative to the wipers 2βθ, so is subject during this relative movement the entire surface of the filter elements 26Ο a cleansing wax effect.

Each wiper 280 has a wiper arm 281, with brush boxes 282 is occupied, extends radially outward from the filter tube 262 and to support it around the respective spacer ring 264 is shown around. On the wall of the secondary filter chamber 210, a stop 286 is attached for the Wiaoher 28O, which rotates with it the filter tube 262 prevented during the rotation of the filter elements 260. The wipers 2δθ therefore remain in a stationary state, and her brush bristles 282 sweep over the entire surface of the corresponding filter elements 260 if they are driven by a drive 216 be set in rotation.

When the desludging pump 30 is started, it builds up the outlet line 31 on pressure, which in turn creates a positive pressure in a control line 36, which from the outlet line 31 leads to a diaphragm valve 37, which in the Aualaßleitung 117 between the outlet 115 the primary filter mechanism 100 and the inlet in the secondary ulcer mechanism is 200. The pressure in the tax

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line 36 brings the MembraBwatil 3? si «öffaea nad toäX * es a © la & ge open, like the Entschlammraagspiaiapa 3 © ia ® © triefe 1st ο Ba inlet 209 in · the secondary filter chamber 210 Hegt © la SötaLBiaes'TOa'feiX 235 s the stir Control of the liquid sauftÄs · a «r © elrasadäs? Ea" HXterkaeer 210 and is used to maintain a suitable level of liquid in it. As best shown in Fig. 3, the lialass 209 opens into the setaaiidären Filter mechanism 200 in a Saybuleaairs ^ biadsror 2o5, the ale through bounded the wall of the secondary filter comb 210 and plates 211 Pocket is formed and to reduce the turbulence in the liquid entering the secondary filter chamber 210 to a minimum serves.

As already mentioned, the sludge removal pump 30 and the feed pump kO both go into operation when the content of the primary filter mechanism is to be transferred to the secondary filter mechanism 200. The desludging pump 30 draws off the liquid that has passed through the filter elements 260 and brings it via the outlet line 31 into the precoating device 300. At the same time, the feed pump kO draws the contents of a mixing chamber 310 in the precoating device 300 and feeds it via an inlet 120 into the primary filter chamber 110 a. To maintain a fixed liquid level in the secondary filter chamber 210 and to the. To avoid an overflow due to differences in the pumping capacity between the desludging pump 30 on the one hand and the feed pump kO on the other hand, an overflow line 70 is provided between the secondary filter chamber 210 and the mixing chamber 310. Ba, the filter elements 260 of the secondary filter 250 collect sludge and filter aids added in the manner explained in detail below, the suction capacity of the desludging pump continuously decreases, while the feed from the feed pump ^ O remains approximately constant. It is therefore necessary to provide for an overflow during the removal of the sludge and filter auxiliaries with the liquid in order to compensate for the changes in the delivery capacity of the desludging pump 30.

The commissioning of the feed pump 4-Q puts a control line kl under pressure, which between the output of the feed pump kO and the

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Inlet 120 into the primary filter chamber 110 is connected to an outlet line 42 leading from the charge pump 40 to the primary filter chamber 110. The control line 41 leads to diaphragm valves 44 and 45, which are aa Hlterauslaß 50 for the primary filter 150 or in a line 33 branching off therefrom. The pressure in the control line M closes the normally open diaphragm valve 44 in the filter outlet 50 and acts on the normally closed diaphragm valve 45 as opening pressure. The further control line 61 connecting the diaphragm valve 45 bit of the oil sludge pump 30 is dimensioned in such a way that the closing force exerted therein on the diaphragm valve 45 is sufficient during the operation of the ventilation pump 30 to close the diaphragm valve against the force acting on it via the control line 4-1, see below keep. The pressure in the constant line 41 thus closes the diaphragm valve 44, and the pressure in the control line 61 also keeps the diaphragm valve 45 closed, and both diaphragm valves 44 and 45 maintain this closed position as long as the feed pump 40 and the internal lamination pump 30 are in Are operating. In the illustrated attachment example, the diaphragm valves 44 are actuated by liquid pressure, but instead an equivalent valve actuation could also be provided, for example by means of compressed air or with the electrical supply of solenoid valves.

Closing the diaphragm valve 44 prevents further transport of unexplained emerging at the outlet 59 of the primary filter 150 liquid out of the hardening device. Maintaining the closed position for the diaphragm valve 45 prevents leslrkulatlon any liquid through the primary filter chamber 110. The circulation of the liquid in this container and with the Meabrasvemtllen closed 44 and 45 therefore bring all the sludge as if it were suspended in part dissolved particulate matter and used filter cake in one in self-contained system and without the pollution of any clean container from the primary holding body— 100 in the eekmndMren filter meehamism 200.

The clarified on passage through the secondary filter 250 and over dl «Auelaileitung 31 forwarded liquid flows into the miso

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chamber 3IQ of the Schweaaeinrichtung 300, where it is mixed with a predeterminable amount of filter aid substances. The resulting pulp in the mixing chamber 310 is introduced through the inlet 120 into the primary Filfcerkammer 110 and mixed there with the sludge contained therein. The mixture is then passed to the secondary filter mechanism 200 to form a filter cake on the screens 268 of the secondary filter 250. The mixture of Eilterhilfsatoffen and Schlai forms a filter cake with old porosity, which protects the septum of the lacquer filter 250.

Make the circulation of the liquid in the closed internal ualaufsystea the filter elements 16O of the primary filter · 150 are cleaned and ready »to further nitrate · BIe for this inner liquid» The time required for circulation is usually four to five Minutes «and the doorway of the collection of sludge aa secondary filter 25O lets you determine that Al · Belnheit 4er the invitation 209 la the secondary filter mechanism from 200 discharged liquid through a sight glass 201 inserted through the luslal line 117 is observed.

After the operational phase. the. Sludge transfer is complete, dl · sBtscttLamnitugepuape 30, Al · feed pump k & and d * r Ja drove 1% Q fm * dl «. Actation of the filter elements i6a of the primary filter »150 shut down and thus dl · control lines 36 _t V1 u & d 61 depressurized, so AaS the membrane valves. hk and 45 let their relaxed «return to the pressure-free Xoraal positions.

At the end of the phase of transfer of slurry described above, the operation was started. If the system is closed by actuating the diaphragm valve ¹ month, the liquid can be discharged through the almixing chamber 31a of the precoating device 300, the primary filter chamber 110 and the secondary filter 250 Hlteraechanlsau · walked around through 200, wob ·! All suspended and partially dissolved particles of moisture and oil additives have accumulated in the filter elements as a result of the liquidity

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closed system has been clarified and χα ready for further use is.

The filter pump 20 draws clarified liquid from a housing 60 connected to the filter outlet 50, which is connected to the filter outlet 50, and feeds it into the cone 1ΛΚ , whereby a liquid outlet through the primary filter 150 of the primary filter mechanism 100 to up through the housing 60 for fluids through the filter pump 20 through and into the primary Hlterkajsaer 110 is created, which results in a self-contained system. The feed pump KQ takes liquid from the mixing chamber 310 and feeds it into the primary filter chamber 110 via the linla * 120.

As soon as the feed pump KQ is running, the control line 41 connected to its pressure side reaches the diaphragm valve * 5 under bridge and SXf net and sehlieftt dam NombranTontil hk, and both diaphragm valve KK and * 5 remain in these positions as long as the feed pump KQ is in operation. With the diaphragm valve * M> and% 5 in this position, the result is a hot water circulation system in which the clarified liquid flows from the thermoslaJ dos FrImMrfiltere 150 through the diaphragm valve * 5, a fsksohlagventll Ό in the line 33 and into the mixing chamber at the anechwemmeinricatung 300. In this case, the Bficksohlagvoatil 32 in the Auslafileltung 31 prevents a flow of discharged liquid and its entry into the secondary filter mechanism 200.

For the formation of an alluvial layer or a new feed cake on the sieves 168 of the primary filter 1) 0 with the feed pump M) running, for the actuation of the diaphragm valves Kk and 45 for the formation of the closed circuit, a feeder drive motor 80 gear is required, in each of three Hnftaitriehtern 3MI, 35ft and 36Ο for mterhilfsstoffs a Baaror 320 and a Sfoisosoanooko 33Ο in rotation verse tat. The tUfllUriohtor 3MI, 350 and 36Ο are completely identical in their internal structure; Therefore, in the following, sur Torelnfachuttg dor Barotellnng only tor Unfilltrlohtor 3% 0 is described in one, with the specified Besugssahla Im the boidoa other linfflltriohtera 350 and % 9 corresponding Basteile bosolomnoa,

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The mixing chamber 31Q is designed as a liquid-tight housing and has an outlet 311 which is connected to the feed pump © kö. The feeder drive motors 8o for the individual feed hoppers 3 ^ 0, 350 and 360 are each fastened to it in a suitable manner and set in each of them a shaft 3 * f1 running in their longitudinal direction in rotation, on which the feeder 320 and the feed screw 330 of the respective Filling funnel 3 * tO, 35O or 36O are attached. The bottom of the funnel 3 ¹ K), 35O and 36O is each designed in the form of a cone 3 ^ 3, which is fixed within a funnel chamber 3 ^ 5 and allows all the material contained therein to escape only through an outlet 3kk at its base. The shaft 3 * H is rotatably mounted in each of the filling funnels 3 ^ 0, 35O and 36O in a console attached to the bottom thereof and in a cover 3 ^ 2 closing it at the top. In each case a section of the cover JkZ is hinged to the remaining part of it and can be opened if necessary to refill filter aid.

When the feeder drive motors 80 are started up, a predeterminable amount of auxiliary filter substances or filter material is introduced into the mixing chamber 310 in accordance with a gear ratio and the pitch of the feed screws 330. Due to the turbulence of the liquid in the mixing chamber 310, a slurry is formed which is pumped by the feed pump kO into the primary filter chamber 110, where, when passing through the filter elements I60 of the primary filter 150, the filter aids or feed materials are retained on the sieves 168 and the ·· to form a new filter cake · which allows the clarified liquid to circulate through the mixing chamber. When the specified amount of auxiliary feed substances or filter material has been introduced into the mixing chamber 310, the feeder drive motors 8a are shut down, the feed pump 4-Q, however, continues to operate and continues to convey liquid from the mixing chamber 310 through the time 120 into the primary chamber 110. When the liquid crosslinked with the filter aid passes through the filter element 16O, the thiiterhiXieeffeffe are retained on the sieves 168 of the filter elements 160, and only the purified liquid flows back through the mixing chamber 31O; This

309810/0736,

The liquid circulation is continued until a sight glass k7 inserted into the outlet line kZ becomes clear, which indicates that the filter elements 16O are completely covered and the mixing chamber 300 is completely clean.

After completion of this precoat phase in the operation of the hardening device, the feed pump kO is stopped and the membrane valves kk and k $ are returned to their initial position. The filter pump 20 remains in operation and the main pump 10 is restarted to introduce unclarified liquid into the primary filter chamber 110 for clarification *

Venn the ornamental device back in to clarify liquid Operation goes, from the main pump 10 through the inlet 13 into the primary filter chamber 110 is pumped in and exits therefrom in a clarified state through outlet 50, float valve 235 allows Is the secondary ulter chamber 210 as well as a float valve 333 in the mixing chamber 310. an entry of liquid from the filter outlet 50, like this, for maintaining the specified level of noise is required in these two chambers. Sine control line 56, which is between the pressure line 11 for the supply, unsettled liquid and dta Auelaßleitung 117, which from outlet 115 of the primary ulter chamber 110 to inlet 209 * he secondary filter chamber 210 leads, is inserted, opens into the Auelaßleitung 117 below of the diaphragm valve 37 and allows partial circulation through the outlet 115 during operation of the main pump 10 to prevent clogging or to prevent relocation of the I * itation exits and a to maintain continuous flushing action

When the primary filter mechanism comes back into operation with renewed ones or * refilled filter elements 16Ο and the main pump 10 promotes liquid to be clarified and via the inlet 13 into the primary Filter chamber 110 is pumped in, then in the secondary filter mecnaismue the accumulated filter cake is automatically detached from the filter elements 260 and the used material or the sludge becomes the final Elimination ejected.

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When the primary filter mechanism 100 begins the Eütrierphäse, the drive 216 for the rotation of the filter element © 2δΟ of the secondary filter 250 relative to the wipers 280 is set, and in the course of this rotation the filter cakes brush from the sieves 268 of the filter elements 260. The drive 216 also acts via an iron belt drive on a horizontal screw 220 accommodated in the secondary holding chamber 21G and sets it in rotation. At the same time, a further! »Drive 226 is set in motion, which causes a rotation of a central vertical screw 230, a scraper 234 and a further vertical screw ZhQ .

As best shown in Fig. 3, the soil is secondary Beer 210- as a cone. 214- designed and sealed so that EXMssigiieit only through an outlet 215 at eeiaeia reason from the sekaadärea JSLterkaamer 21 ο can occur. The central scroll 230 is within of the outlet 215 arranged in the cone 21 * t and in the secondary KLlierkammer 21Q rotatably mounted, with a part of a shaft 231 through a liquid-tight seal at the lower end 218 the worm 230 exits and carries a gear that ale Link to the drive 226 is used. The other end of the shaft 23I carries a horizontal web of the scraper 23 ^, its down bent loads run approximately parallel to the cone 214 · and inside walk past it.

The scraper 234- serves to prevent the accumulation of mud on the cone. The sludge dislodged from the sieves 268 of the filter elements 260 sometimes has a tendency to build up in the cone 214 and the sharp edges 236 of the downwardly facing ends of the scraper 234 then prevent a build-up of sludge on the walls of the cone 214.

The central screw 230 is designed left-handed and leads the sludge down to a central opening 217 at the bottom of the cone 21 k , through which it via the outlet 215 to. horizontal screw 220. The horizontal screw 22a is arranged inside a bore 221 which is closed at one end and at the other end with the inlet for the further vertical screw

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communicates. A Teilattiek of a shaft 222 is horizontal Auger 220 is outward through the closed end of Bohr221 guided and sealed liquid-tight at the point of passage. Aaf the protruding portion of the shaft 222 is a belt drive 213 keyed on the corresponding disk, which establishes the connection to the drive 216.

When the Schlajui is transported through the central screw 230 and into the horizontal tendon 220, this forwards it to the further vertical screw 240. This screw 240 is rotatably mounted in an end cap 241 which forms a liquid-tight seal for a column ZkZ in which the screw 240 is accommodated. A toilet piece of the shaft 243 of the worm extends through the end cap 241 to the outside and carries a toothed wheel 245 there, which establishes the connection to the drive 226. The column 24-2 is attached to the outside of the hand of the secondary filter chamber 210 by means of suitable clamps. The upper end of the column ZkZ is closed by a cap Zk $ which contains a bearing for receiving the uppermost section of the vertical shaft 243 of the screw 240. In addition, the cap 246 has a ventilation opening through which steam rising in the screw 240 or in the column 242 can escape, depending on its nature, for further treatment or for a sun-free exit into the atmosphere.

Becomes the tertiary auger 240 by the horizontal auger fed with sheep lamb, she transports it upwards, heating it up and drying it more or less. As in the example shown, this heating can be implemented by means of steam jackets, but other suitable precautions can also be taken, for example an electrical Resistance heating is provided.

Hg. 3 shows, two steam jackets 270 and 270 sit on the column 242 290 * the supply and return lines containing valves to a Steam source are connected to either one or the other or both can be heated, with the choice of heating in

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Depending on the properties of the sludge transported in column 2 * f2 to Obeia and the amount of ax seisor extraction - in a half or completely dry state - getTOffsa wijpdo Se has shown that because of the mechanical power of the Setoedken. 230, 220 and ZkQ on the sludge heating of the vertical 3eta © eke ZkQ itself is necessary if the Sefelaias is in a hard condition to such a © @ taais <slaGa fesxfeayfeoituag des that the mud insbe @ oa & ®TO is aefe siefeiger through the Tertikaie Sehneek® 2h © si @ M saefe © boa transp © r $ iez> Ga. Therefore, by heating the Ssfeaoeiso S4 @ ola Soil dear ia Ss & Lösa ijs excess Torhandenen Liquidäoi & vo ^ ä2r3p &'ö ₀ hb <äo © Seblaam can be kept in a condition in which he i3 ± ®h bOh & m MSt ο He ^ ortiktäl®. Sctoesteo 2 ^ 0 has a section Zkk as.i ₉ üos ¹ S ¹ QSa SgfeaGekoat-jind-tmgea free lato on this. Wise forms ± & elon οηεΆ üle S @ te @ d & ® 2 && naefe. oteea go conveyed sludge in this ilbseteitt 24% cia feeter Black ana ₉ d $ r an ascent of oversized Milssi ^ oit ^ e ^ Mmäer.t, where β ± Φ, the eluity level corresponds to the in the? eefeeaa & ea Mlfeostoaaer 21 © anmragleic & ea is looking for «

As Hg «, 3 shows, eratreekS alek der ΗΒϋβί'β. Saapfsaantei. 2SQ. from below the opening 21? ia! "gel AI4 starting up, while the top coat Bampf 270 to about ä & a top bathing the secondary ELlterkammer 21Q extends upwards · The lax. The lower Baapf jacket 290 brings the ieate / liquid mass below the sludge block in the section Zkk to the boil, the liquid within this section of the column 2 ^ 2 evaporating and, if necessary, the contents of the secondary aging chamber 21Q being dewatered as a result of this boiling process. The upper steam jacket 270 is used to control the moisture content remaining in the sludge after the sludge block has formed in section Zkk and the sludge has been raised by the screw 24-0 through the part of the column 2 * t2 adjacent to the steam jacket 290. By controlling the from the steam jacket. 2? 0 emitted heat, the sludge can be thrown out in different moisture levels.

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To get the best results when operating the vertical Auger 240 should be intermittent to allow heat to pass through the sludge as it gradually rises over a longer period of time can dry. When the mud is the top of the vertical auger 240 is reached by an attached to the top of auger 24Q and with it revolving deflector 248 out of the column 242 pushed outwards and enters a sludge downpipe 275 »through which it falls into a suitable waste container.

When starting up for the first time or whenever there is none in column 242 If there is sludge, it is preferable to introduce some amount of filter aid into column 242 to create a first block in the section 244 to let the screw 240 arise. In this way, a block of material is then available for easier sludge application Disposal. In fig. It is true that there is only one free of spiral windings Section 244 shown, but sometimes it can be beneficial to sew two or three depending on the particular application or more such windage-free sections 244 to be provided.

The one that forms in the winding-free section 244 of the screw 240 Sludge block presses the liquid out of the solid mass when further sludge is conveyed upwards and in the process to the underside de «pushes the sleeping block so that its uppermost part is raised squeezing out the liquid. When the worm 240 is designed with several winding-free sections arranged one behind the other 244 act the lower sebum blocks «1 · a series of filters, dia suspended solid particles from the pressed through Remove liquid. The passage of the liquid through the lower Lamb blocks in the spiral-free sections 244 of the auger 240 depends on their position and thus the printhead exerted on them as a result of the liquid level * in the secondary torture chamber 210. If this drops, the lower blocks become the upper ones with EUteraction Block act and squeeze out the liquid from the dam by pressing apply pressure to the mud below the block.

- patent claims -

309810/0736

Claims (1)

Pact entan sayings 1. ^ A method for hardening liquids containing impurities, in which a liquid to be clarified is passed through a primary filter that retains the impurities and is discharged behind it in a clarified state; the primary filter released from this fed to a secondary filter and there τοη ititgeführter ITUseigkeit are separated and the light having passed through daa secondary filter liquid is recycled for further use, characterized in that the light having passed through the secondary filter clarified liquid displaced old lilterhilfen and d 'm primary filter and / or the secondary filter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the to Primary filter accumulated impurities in the uncleared liquid to be replaced by it * 3 · The method according to claim 2, characterized in that «ate while passing through The impurities with the liquid passing through the secondary filter, these impurities are collected and clarified liquid is especially collected in a separate chamber weather". 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, aadmrca gekeanmiehnet that the Passing the liquid through sms! «Jkauidarfilter after de« Aisaaseln The wireV is interrupted because of the disruptions. 5. The method according to claim 3 , characterized in 4aA that a certain amount of filter material is added to the clarified liquid collected and the liquid with the added filter material is passed through the broiler filter to form a new layer of water. 309810/0736 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the impurities that have accumulated on the secondary filter are removed and be removed. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the secondary filter accumulated impurities are heated so far that the liquid contained therein comes to a boil and see from the At least partially separates impurities. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7ι, characterized in that that the drainage of clarified liquid that has passed through the primary filter is interrupted as soon as the pressure drop on Primary filter reached a predefinable value due to the accumulation of impurities on it. 9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that daft the impurities that have accumulated on the primary filter from this in the unexplained liquid can be brushed off. 10. Vex drive according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that iafi of the clarified leaking liquid to facilitate the accumulation of Impurities and used filter material on the filter a certain "tightness of new filter material is added. 11. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that dafi dam Ourehleitea the clarified liquid mixed with Ulterailfen through the primary filter to renew its filter layer so long continues until the one passing through the primary filter HMesigkeit no longer contains any filter aids. 12. The method according to buckets of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that the impurities that have accumulated on the secondary filter are brushed off and the detached filter cake is caused to settle by means of gravity. 309810/0736 13 · Method according to claim 12, since & urefa gekeaaseiehnet, <äass the remote Filter cake brought to one of the Sskuiadärfilter eat fers ta Stella will. 1 ^ f. Method according to one of the JLasprüeh © 1 to 13, characterized in that the impurities collected on the secondary filter with heating and evaporation of at least one part of the? The liquid contained therein is moved upwards and, in particular , compressed into blocks that are partially dehumidified by gravity 13. The method according to claim 1 ^ ₉ thereby gekesn & eiehaet that several separated © blocks have been formed from the impurities, of which the lower act as a filter for Feetatoffteilchen suspended in the liquid. that 'en and illustration of the up to the height of the 16. The method according to claim lh during the upward movement of the sheets therefrom the liquid is prevented from a block out. 17 · Method according to one of the Aaspsiiek® ik up to 16 _9, characterized in that the clotan blocks © extracted from the impurities are pressed clean during their upward movement to remove liquid. 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 ¹ * to 17, characterized in that the clay formed from the impurities® »blocks the bottom is used as a filter to hold back suspended Feetetoffteilchen and the topmost susamaengequetseht. 19. The method according to any one of claims «1 to 18 _9, characterized in that the το« secondary filter detached impurities are moved in an intermittent movement upwards and in particular through an ice zone «. 20. The method according to any one of claims 1 big 19, characterized in that that mixed with filter aids · clarified · sweat liquid with euspen- 30981G / 0736 dated filter cake carrying unclarified liquid to the secondary filter fed in and, in the event of passage, removing the filter aids and the suspended filter cake is clarified. 21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2O _1, characterized in that after a new formation of a filter layer aa? D * arfilter by means of passing τοη filter aids carrying clarified liquid and resuming the Ourohleitens τοη unclarified liquid through the primary filter the aa secondary filter and removes accumulated impurities will. 22 «Device for clarifying τοη liquids containing impurities, in particular in carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 21, with a first and a second filter chamber, which is a Primary filter or a secondary fiXter included and via Hüssigkeitsleituagen are connected to one another, characterized in that a mixing chamber is connected to the filtrate outlet (31) of the second holding chamber (210) (310) is connected, the at least one inlet O'fO, 35Ο, 36Ο) for the linftthrung a Torgebbaren amount aa has filter aid and at its output (311) with the high pressure side of the first and / or the second filter chamber (110 or 210) is connected. 23 · Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the primary Holding chamber (110) one on the accumulation of the to be clarified Contains liquid introduced impurities on the primary filter (150) responsive switch (190), after the accumulation of a gate Amount of impurities interrupts the further supply of unclarified liquid to the primary filter chamber. 24. The device according to claim 231, characterized in that the Switch on to interrupt the supply of unclarified liquid more pressure sensitive to the pressure drop across the primary filter (150) Switch (190) is. 25. Device according to one of claims 22 to 2k _t, characterized in that the primary filter (150) and / or the secondary filter (250) a 309810/0736 22A1385 The majority of τοη, in particular disk-shaped, hollow filter elements (16O or 260) have * 26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that the filter elements (16Ο or 260) made of coaxially arranged sieves (I68 or 268) existing partitions for the separation τοη in penetrating Have liquid entrained solid particles. 27. Device according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that that the primary and / or the secondary filter chamber (110 or 210) Facilities (I80 or · 28Ο) to replace the bureholding τοη Liquid on the surface of the primary or secondary filter (150 or 250) incipient tilter cake. 28. Apparatus according to claim 27? characterized in that the facilities to detach the filter cakes on the surface of the primary or secondary liter (150 or 250) and in relation to it have movable wipers (180 or 280) 29 · Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the "Lecher (ΐ8θ or 280)" with bristle bristles (182 or 282) occupied "ad in particular, in relation to the moving surfaces of the primary or of the secondary filter (15 »or 250) stationary watch arms (181 or 281) have 30. Device according to one of 4 claims 27 to 29, characterized in that that the devices (180 or 280) for detaching the cows το »primary or Tom secondary filter (.150 or« 250) each after interruption of the fiarehleitens τοη liquid by the concerned Filters can be operated 31 · Device according to one of claims 22 to 30, characterized in that that a line (117) connecting the primary filter chamber (110) with the secondary torture chamber (210) is in particular a Bump (30) designed for the transfer of the contents of the suction pump primary filter chamber inserted in the secondary Jilterkamaer 1st. 32 · Device aaeh one of claims 22 to 31, which is marked, that dl · Mlsehkaaaer (310) part of an Aaaehweaaelnrtchtung (300) for dl · aneehweaaung new Illterechichten aa 'rieär- uad / or aa Secondary filter (15O or 250) forms. 33 · Device according to one of claims 22 to 32 * characterized in that that dl · Mischkaaer (310) old at least one a «la · specifiable M # nge aa filter aid "substances containing!" Outer (345) vejrbaadea is, the one in it sarre v «idung« in the ·· caking · • toffe running drill (320) and a · each «la · b« stiaat · Ochneoke (330) is fed to handicrafts from la dl · Miechkaaa * r contains. 34. Device according to claims 22 to 33, characterized »• is worthwhile, the old of the secondary Hlterkaaeer (210) one direction (220, 23Ο, 240) sub application of the aa secondary filter (250) is attached to the hold «rkuelien. 35 * device according to claim 3%, characterized gekenaseiohaet that dl « ISrdarvinrlchtung for the Amsbringuag 4 ·· Ulterkaeaeaa from the dären KUterkaaaer (210) eia coaxial aad central sa their Auslafi (217) arranged first tertiary snail (230.), with a torbeilaafeade on it horizontal snail (220) and an aaaealieaeade «wide vertical one Has screw (2 * 0). 36 · Device according to Anspänoh 35, characterized in that aaeealleßead aa the »wide Terticaie snail (240) eia geaelnsaa daait fender Oeflektor (248) fttr the Ualeakuag des ana of the snail tendea IUterkuchens su eiaea initial container (90) is arranged. 37 * Device according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the ISrderriohtuag of the first vertical screw (23Ο) await, the direction of the wide vertical screw (240), on the other hand, follows wait for you Verlamff. 309810/0736 38. Device according to one of claims Jk to 37 »characterized in that at least a portion of the conveyor device (220, 230, 2kO) can be heated. 39 · Door direction according to claim 38 »characterized in that for the Heating the order device (220, 230, 2 ^ 0) a heating device (270, 290) is provided whose heating power for evaporation is at least part of the liquid contained in the conveyed filter cake sufficient KO » device according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that for heating the conveying device (220, 230, 2 * fO) at least one section (240) thereof is surrounded by steam jackets (2-0, 290) which can be connected to a steam source . kl. Device according to one of Claims 38 to 4Ό, characterized in that the heating of the conveying device (220, 230, 2 * 1-0) can be regulated independently on its individual sections. k2. Device according to one of Claims 38 to ki _t, characterized in that the heatable zone of the conveying device (220, 230, 2 * fO) from at least one point of the second vertical screw (210) located below the outlet (21?) Of the secondary filter chamber (210) 2 ¹ K)) to a point of the second vertical screw located above the cover of the svkmadaren filter chamber. Kj>. Device according to Claims 4-2, characterized in that the second vertical screw (2 <tQ) is surrounded along part of its length by two steam jackets (270 and 290) which can be fed with heating steam independently of one another. kk · Device according to one of Claims Jh to k3 _t, characterized in that the conveying device (220, 230, 2 * tO) is set up for an intermittent advance of the filter cake, in particular through its heatable part. 309810/0736 k5 · Execution according to one of Claims 35 to kk _t, characterized in that the shaft (24-3) of the second tertiary worm (240) has no worm turns on at least one central part (2H) of its length. 46. Device according to one of claims 22 to 45, characterized by a control of their operations in such a way that triggered by the settlement a rorgebbaren amount of impurities as PrisKrfilter dßO the introduction of unclarified fluid into the primary urinary chamber (.110) and the derivation τοη of clarified liquid via a corresponding FiIterauelaß (50) are interrupted, then the accumulated Impurities τοη the surface of the primary filter detached, sit uncleared liquid from the primary filter chamber transferred to the secondary filter tank (210) and there as the secondary filter (230) with the assistance of τοη zuTor from the mixing tank (310) present Filter aids are separated and fed τοη behind the secondary filter clarified leaking liquid sit in the MiaohkaSMer added filter aids as the primary filter a new one Ulteraohicht is attained, whereupon with the conclusion of the preliminary Filterkasser against the secondary Kasser and the Misehkasser of the HltrierTorgang begins again in the primary fHtexkaaser, while in the secondary Füterkasaer the spreading of the accumulated impurities he follows. 4 ?. Apparatus according to claim 46, characterized by an autosatic one The succession of their individual employers, especially under tax tion by prevailing pressures at certain points in the device. 309810/0736