DE2235705A1 - TRANSPORT SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

DR-INQ, DIPL.-ING. M. SC. DTl-. PHYS. DB. C (PL. · ΡΜ «5.

HÖGER - LEGAL RIGHT-GRIESSBACH - HAECKER

PATENT LAWYERS IN STUTTGART

A 39 578 b
k-146
Io.o7.72,

Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Transport system

The invention relates to a transport system in which the vehicles by means of magnetic fields in relation to a guidance system in held in levitation and driven by linear motors ". In the present application, the vehicles are also known as magnetic cushion pulls.

In recent years it has become increasingly clear that in addition to the already existing railways, new rail-bound ones Transport systems must be introduced) around the To replace and / or relieve motor vehicle and aircraft traffic. But it has also become clear that the known systems and the proposed changes to the same Cannot meet demands and in particular

2 ~

Io.o7.72 2

the others do not have sufficient speed after speeds of about 200 km / h. up to speeds in the ultrasonic range are required. For example, it is not possible with conventional railways to reach speeds that are significantly higher than the speeds used today. The upper speed limit results from the accuracy tolerances that can be achieved and maintained when laying the rails, from the finite ratio of sprung to unsprung mass of the vehicles, from the stability and from the strength and durability of the material. In addition, none of the previously proposed systems have solved all of the problems that arise when one wants to achieve train speeds comparable to those of jet aircraft. Hovercraft running in guidance systems have a poor efficiency, are noisy and are difficult to drive if you do not want to accept an unacceptably high weight and an unacceptably high level of air pollution. With the help of magnetic fields in ^one levitation vehicles held as they have been proposed, must be operated at distances from the guidance system which are too small to be able to achieve much higher speeds than are currently achievable. In addition, the drive system is often not yet solved satisfactorily in these systems. For example, an electric drive from the vehicle via supply lines running along the guidance system is unlikely, since it is problematic to tap off large amounts of electrical energy at high speeds. Furthermore, it has been found that the previously proposed, rail-mounted

209885/0298

A 39 57 8 b ■ ■.

k-146 ο / ZJD / UO

Io.o7.72 ^

bound drive systems are too expensive and clearances between Vehicle and rail system require that too little are to enable high speeds. With regard to the current state of the art, it can be stated in summary that even in the event that the previously proposed Magnetic or air cushion suspensions are refined to such an extent that speeds are of the order of magnitude of about l, ooo km / h can be realized, the drive would have to take place by means of internal combustion engines located in the vehicle, which were fed with fuel stored in the vehicle. However, this leads to an unacceptable weight and noise and to inadmissible air pollution and excludes the possibility of guidance systems in the form of closed tunnels to use, in which there is preferably a certain negative pressure in order to reduce air friction.

The present invention was based on this prior art now the task of overcoming the disadvantages of the previously known systems and creating a combined, electromagnetic guidance and drive system, with which it is possible to make the vehicles resilient at a distance of about 25 cm from the guidance system, and which also offers the possibility of the vehicle at a given Speed and automatically receives the correct transverse inclination for a given curvature of the guidance system.

This task is performed in a transport system of the. initially described Art solved according to the invention in that the

209885/0298

A 39 578 b

k-146

Io.o7.72

Facilities generating magnetic fields extend over a considerable amount of time Extending part of the underside of the vehicle and that the guide system is trough-shaped and a relatively encloses large part of the underside of the vehicles.

The transport system according to the invention thus has the advantage that the plant and operating costs are relatively low, that a good level of efficiency is achieved and that the shape. and no unrealistic demands have to be made on the accuracy of the training of the management system.

The practically point-like attacking of the forces caused by the The support and guidance of the vehicles in conventional transport systems is largely due to the high system and maintenance costs of these systems. This results in a further and very important advantage of the transport system according to the invention compared to the known that the weight of the vehicle and the acceleration forces acting on it can be transferred uniformly to the entire guidance system in the area of the vehicle.

It is also an advantage of the transport system according to the invention that the guide system can be designed in the form of a shell made up of several aluminum layers and is sufficient is rigid so that it can be laid directly in a bed of sand, as is common practice with pipelines, whereby in an advantageous further development there is the additional advantage, that the guide system in place is made of aluminum

209885/0298

A 39 578 b - * -

k-146 I ^

Io.o7.72 5

strip made and preferably in a cylindrical shape can be brought, which has sufficient strength by gluing the aluminum layers when laid is.

It is a further advantage of the transport system according to the invention, that the vehicles are in the open or closed and possibly underpressure guidance system move at the speed of jet planes and bring neither pollution nor noise nuisance with them, although the train distances can still be so small, that the for an economical operation of the system, in particular with regard to competing aviation and Rail systems, required tight train sequence can be achieved. -.

It is a further advantage of the system according to the invention that by means of a new type of electrical energy supply, the acceleration and braking processes in a particularly simple manner

are feasible.

Furthermore, it is an advantage of the system according to the invention, that with him turnouts can be realized in a simple way. ;,

The above and other advantages can be Realize in a preferred embodiment of a transport system according to the invention, in which the vehicles a have substantially cylindrical underside and with

209885/0298

A 39 578 b G - «β -

k-146

a series of permanent magnets or superconducting coils that cover a considerable part of the Underside are distributed. The magnets or superconducting coils are arranged in the vehicle near the underside and their shape is adapted to the contours of the underside. In the event that superconducting coils are used Means are provided to keep the superconducting coils at the temperature required for superconductivity. The individual magnets or coils also have a sufficiently large area and a sufficiently large field strength during operation, around a field with a field strength of 1,000 to 3,000 at a distance of about 25 cm from the underside of the vehicle To be able to generate Gauss, whereby neighboring magnets or coils are arranged or excited in such a way that they generate magnetic fields, which are alternately polarized in opposite directions. A trough-shaped, cylindrical guide system surrounds the Vehicle to about a third of its circumference and guides the vehicle and propels it. The management system contains both active, Live conductors as well as passive conductors. The passive conductors form two spaced apart, continuous surfaces which run along the guide system and which are exposed to the magnetic field emanating from the vehicle so that they support the vehicle when this is at a speed above a predetermined minimum speed of about 35 km / h. at a distance about 25 cm above the guidance system due to the interaction between the magnetic dipoles of the vehicle and the eddy currents which these in the passive lines

-7-

209885/0298

A 39 578 b - Ψ -

- k-146

io.o7.72 / | 2235705

generate tern. The current-carrying active conductors, which lie in the space between the passive conductors, are designed in such a way that they form a series of overlapping current loops or. Form turns, along the guide system. The shape of the overlapping current loops is essentially adapted to the cylindrical surface of the guidance system and, when they are moved, generate a wandering magnetic field ₄ which moves in the axial or longitudinal direction along the guidance system and the vehicle as a result of the interaction with the magnetic dipoles of the coils or magnets of the vehicle drives with synchronous speed. To generate the moving magnetic field, a multiphase alternating current source is connected to the active conductors in such a way that they are activated in the correct order. The system also contains control devices which can be actuated in such a way that they connect the alternating current source to each of the active conductors as a function of information transmitted by the vehicle. The moving Fahrzeug'wird thus resiliently held on the inside of the guide system, namely freely oscillate at a distance of approx cm and can respectively turn freely, namely about its longitudinal axis, so that when sich- * driving through curves. correct cross slope results, while the guidance system in the curves is only approximately aligned with the correct cross slope. The center of the electromagnetic forces acting on the vehicle lies above the center of gravity of the vehicle in order to ensure the stability of the vehicle.

A 39 578 b Λ

k-146 ο

Further details and advantages of the invention are provided below explained in more detail with reference to a drawing and / or are the subject of the claims for protection. In the drawing show:

1 shows a schematic representation - partly in the form of a block diagram - of a two-lane, according to the invention Transport system,

FIG. 2 shows one of the guidance systems according to FIG. 1 and a vehicle which can be driven along this guidance system
with some parts broken away for clarity and this figure also serves to illustrate
explain how the vehicles are used for loading
and unloading are taken out of the transport system,

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged plan view of a section of a guide system of the transport system according to FIG. 2
Scale, viewed from the line 3-3 in Fig. 2 in the direction of the arrows,

4 shows a cross section through the transport system according to FIG. 3 along the line 4-4 in this figure, on a reduced scale, with the spaces between
the active and passive conductors, or between the individual layers, exaggeratedly large and as empty spaces
are shown when in reality they are filled with an insulating, reinforcing and gluing material,

209885/0298

A 39- 578 1> Q -? -

k-146 -

Fig. 5 is a perspective, schematic representation of a .etfinding vehicle in an invention ihour system, this figure being particular about this serves to explain the location of the superconducting coils along the entire length of the lower part of the vehicle, which could be replaced by a comparable arrangement of permanent magnets,

6 shows a schematic representation of a three-phase guide system winding,

7 shows a partial representation of a side view of a vehicle system, according to FIG. 2, but with the guidance system is closed by an upper shell,

8 shows a section through a transport system according to the invention along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7, this section being slightly enlarged compared to FIG. 7 by in particular to show the wheels on the vehicle and the two rails on each side of the guidance system, on which the wheels can run,

Fig. 9 is a partial side view similar to Fig. 7; it serves to explain the turnout system in more detail, which in Fig. 2 is indicated,

FIG. 10 shows a section through the transport system according to FIG. 9 along the line lo-lo, where this cut is weak

- Io -

209885/029

A 39 578 b. _Λ - «Τ -

k-146 ^1Ü

is enlarged and essentially according to the section FIG. 8 corresponds with the exception that two rails for the wheels are shown on each side of the guide system are,

11 is a partial perspective view of the lower part of the Vehicle according to FIG. 2 to explain the details of the superconducting coils and the associated cooling devices ,

Fig.12 is a schematic representation of a cross section through the lower part of a vehicle according to the invention along the line 12-12 in FIG. 13,

FIG. 13 shows a cross section through the arrangement according to FIG. 12 along the line A-A, specifically on the left-hand side, and a cross-section through the arrangement according to FIG. 12 along the line B-B on the right-hand side, each seen in the direction of the arrows, this figure as a whole the explanation of the mounting of the cooling devices of the superconducting coils of the system according to the invention serves,

14 shows an enlarged side view of part of one of the Spokes in Figures 12 and 13,

FIG. 15 is an enlarged, perspective view of a superconducting Coil of a vehicle according to the invention,

- 11 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 &'■■ ■. -

Fig.lBA is a schematic representation of the voltage curve "'■ -'" ■ _ ■■ "of a ■ three-phase alternating current of .60 Hz for supply • the active conductor '-des * inventive system over a combination of a transformer and a frequency converter, -

Fig. 16E>^;'- ... ....

16C, 16B are schematic representations of the voltage progression of three phases X, Y and Z of a three-phase Vieehselstrom from 2o Hz »as he did from the frequency converter to the active one ■ "· '. Ladders is fed," .... ■

17 shows a schematic representation of a matrix-type ; Switch arrangement to explain an inventive Frequency converter to implement a multi-phase * s'en alternating currents of 60 Hz according to FIG. 16A into one Multi-phase alternating current of 20 Hz according to FIGS. 16B to 16

FIG. 18 shows more in detail a circuit arrangement for a frequency converter according to the invention using controlled silicon rectifiers,

- ". Explanation of the

19 shows a perspective, schematic representation for / listening position of a management system according to the invention Spot, ... '

FIG. 20 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 19 for purposes of explanation tion of the production of a guide according to the invention

■ - ■ - 12 - '

A 39 578 b

k-146 j

io.o7.72 «* 2235705

systems, but for a section following the section shown in Fig. 19,

21 shows a switch arrangement for a transport system according to the invention, which makes it possible to divert the vehicles at full speed,

22 shows a section through the switch according to FIG. 21 along the Line 22-22 of this figure, viewed in the direction of the arrows,

23 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for generating electrical Auxiliary energy for a vehicle according to the invention and

Figure 24 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment a cooling system for the superconducting coils of the invention Transport system with the help of liquid helium.

- 13 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b - 3-9 -

k-146

In Fig. 1 a traffic system according to the invention including its control is shown in a schematic manner. The entire traffic system is denoted by the reference number 1. The traffic system 1 works with vehicles 2 which are ^{carried and guided by guidance systems 4 and 4 1} and which are driven along these guidance systems 4 and 4 ¹ . For the sake of simplicity, only one vehicle and one guidance system are shown in each of the following figures. The vehicles 2, one of which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2, for example, have an essentially circular-cylindrical underside 7, along which a number of superconducting coils 5 are arranged in the axial direction, which, as shown in FIGS It becomes clear, are arranged on the underside 7 of the vehicle and have essentially the same external contours as the underside of the vehicle. (It goes without saying that the levitation state of the vehicle 2 in the guidance system 4 can be brought about not only by means of superconducting coils, but also by means of permanent magnets; however, due to current technology, superconducting coils are preferred.). The superconducting coils 5 are used in a manner which will be explained below, kept at the temperature required for superconductivity. The area of the individual coils 5 and the energy supplied to them is selected so that a radial, magnetic dipole field is generated which, at a distance of about 25 cm from the underside 7 of the vehicle 2, has a field strength of 1,000 to 3,000 (5 generated. Adjacent coils 5 ', 5' ¹ WVAi. Are, as shown in Fig. 5 zeip, t, excited so that they are magnoti-

- 14 -

■. . _t . _ ,.,., .. "BAD ORIGINAL

209885/020 0 V ' ^{! v}

A 39 578 b - ** f -

k-146

io.o7.72 ΑΨ . 2235705

see generating dipole fields which, as the arrows 8, 8 ¹ etc. indicate, are directed alternately up and down. The vehicle 2 can be circular cylindrical over its entire length, as shown in some figures, or it can be flattened at its front end, as is also shown in some figures. In any case, the lower third of the vehicle (except perhaps a slightly elliptical shape, which can also be used for reasons of stability, as will be discussed later) should be circular-cylindrical, and the superconducting coils should describe an arc that extends over the most of the lower third extends. As FIGS. 8 and 10 show, the guide system H is trough-shaped and also circular-cylindrical in cross section and surrounds approximately the lower third of the circumference of the vehicle. (As an exception, the cross-section of the guide system can also be slightly elliptical for reasons of stability, as will be explained later.) Three-phase system, as well as passive lines arranged at a distance from one another

9 ·
ter 9, / which form a substantially continuous surface over the entire length of the guide system, which is exposed to the magnetic field of the. superconducting coil 5 is exposed on the vehicle 2, and serves to the vehicle when this is bowegt h at a rate above a ¹ predetermined minimum speed of approximately 35 km / cm at a distance of about 25 to keep out of the guide system, namely due to the change

- 15 -

5 ORIGINAL 2 O!) Ö Ο f. / O > f) I)

A 39 578 b - 3-5 -

k-146 AS '

lo.o7.72 - 22357Ö5

effect between the magnetic dipole fields of the superconducting Coils on the vehicle and the eddy currents, which generate these fields in the passive conductors 9, 9 '. The active ones respectively .. current-carrying conductors are Io, as these are the figures 3 and 6 show schematically, arranged in the spaces between the passive conductors 9 and 9 'and form a series of overlapping current loops along the longitudinal axis of the guide system 4 (whereby they are the cylindrical surface of the guidance system) and, when excited, serve to generate an alternating magnetic field , which is in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the guide system progresses and the vehicle 2 in the direction of arrow 3 in Fig. 2 as a result of the interaction with the magnetic dipoles drives the superconducting coils 5 at a synchronous speed. In Fig. 1, a three-phase current source 11 is shown, via which the active conductors Io current in the correct phase position is supplied, as will be explained below. The traffic system also includes control devices 12, which serve to connect the three-phase current source 11 to the individual active conductors Io j where the control devices 12 receive their control signals, as shown in FIG. 1, either from further control devices 12 or from vehicles 2, as shown in Fig. 1 by the arrows 15. · The control devices 12 can depending on their control signals the circumstances but also from a regional control 13 or a central control 14 received,

When a vehicle 2 moves along the guidance system U,

- 16 *

20988 S / 02 9 8 BADORLGiNAL

A 39 578 b

it is resiliently held by electromagnetic forces at a distance of about 25 cm from the guide system and can Pendulum or rotate around its longitudinal axis, so that the correct bank angle when driving through curves can be reached. The guide system 4 is only approximately aligned with the correct bank angle on such curves. The center of the electromagnetic buoyancy for the vehicle is above its center of gravity, so that the stability is guaranteed, and also can add additional electromagnetic or aerodynamic stabilization devices are provided in order to prevent undesired vibrations or at least to dampen.

As FIG. 2 shows, the vehicle 2 has a passenger or freight part 2o and a drive part 21. The two parts can be separated from each other at the stations of the traffic system for loading and unloading, the drive part 21 with can be connected to another passenger or freight part 2o. In the embodiment under consideration, however, Passenger or freight part and drive part can be described as a unit. The superconducting coils 5 are inside of the drive part 21 arranged in Dewar vessels 22. The following The description part will now deal with a description of the drive part 21, with a special one Attention should be paid to the measures required in connection with the superconducting coils. In detail these considerations should be made particularly in connection with FIGS. 11-15. In this context, should

- 17 -

209885/0298 bathroom original

A 39 578 b -

k-146

io.o7.72 A *} 2235705

it should be noted that in Figures 12 and 13, although they show sections, no hatching is provided, since this increases their comprehensibility, in addition, many details of the system including the device are included for handling liquid helium and liquid stick * Substance omitted as it is the refrigeration professionals are familiar anyway.

The superconducting coils, especially their refrigeration ones and structural design, represent one of the most difficult

Are engineering problems that arise in the construction of the. result according to the invention magnetic pad train. It is necessary, that the coils are kept at the temperature of the liquid helium and that the forces that carry the vehicle and lead, be transferred from the coils to the vehicle without undue heat loss and in such a way that that the forces are uniformly transferred to the vehicle structure. This is the case with the vehicles according to the invention achieved in the following way.

A typical vehicle 2 according to the invention has a length of Uo m and is carried by about twelve superconducting sinks 5, each of which is in the longitudinal direction and in the axial direction has a length of 2 m and a width projection of U m. The / essential rectangular coils 5 are as bent. formed flat coils (see Fig. 15), so that they adapt to the shape of the underside 7 of the vehicle and the Vehicle about an angle of about 12o of its circular

-IB-

203885/0288

A 39 578 b

Enclose circumference. Each coil carries a continuous current of around 1,000 to 3oo, ooo ampoule turns and consists of 1,000 to 2oo turns of a superconductor through which about 1,000 to 1.5op A can flow. A commercially available material suitable for this purpose is a stranded niobium-titanium superconductor which is embedded in a copper or aluminum base material which has the shape of a flat strip 23 (see FIG. 15). This material is wound into flat sinks using insulating spacers 24 made of a fibrous material impregnated with epoxy resin in the B phase (stage B epoxy) and then hardened, so that a monolithic _} firmly welded structure results.

Each of the coils 5 i .'- t rigid by means of brackets (not shown) attached to the inside of the curved outer wall of a cylindrically curved aluminum container 25, which has a D-shaped Has cross section and which also serves to accommodate a supply of liquid helium. This The helium container 25 is in turn surrounded by a correspondingly shaped aluminum container 26, which is made of a liquid Nitrogen-containing container 2 8 is kept at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, the bottom of the Container 28 forms the top of the container 26, as is clear from FIG. The nitrogen tank 28 is in turn surrounded by a correspondingly designed vacuum container 32, the outer wall of which is formed by the vehicle wall and which in fact has a sector of a circular cylinder of

- 19 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b k-146

io.o7.72

Uo m length and k m diameter, which is divided by partitions into twelve compartments, each of which is designed so that it surrounds one of the nitrogen-cooled containers 26. The top of the vacuum container 32, which is denoted by the reference symbol -2: 7, carries the bottom of the passenger or freight part 2o. The container 25 is separated from the container 26 by a 2 cm high vacuum chamber 29, and the container 26 is separated from the vehicle wall by a similar vacuum chamber 30.

Figures 12 and 13 show the devices with which the three nested containers are held in their mutual position by means of spokes under tension in order to achieve the lowest possible heat conduction., A set of spokes is provided on each side of each of the partition walls, and although an inner set of spokes 33, with the help of which the helium-cooled container 25 with the. surrounding it, nitrogen-cooled container 26 is connected, and an outer set of spokes 34 _s which surround the nitrogen-cooled container with the surrounding vacuum barrier, which includes parts of the outer skin of the vehicle, these spokes being attached to webs which along the edge of the partition walls get lost. Each of the cooled containers 25 is thus mechanically connected, together with the superconducting coil rigidly attached to it, to the two adjacent partition walls. The spokes are slightly inclined with respect to the partition walls, which in turn are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In this way the spokes form one

. - 2o -

2098 85 / Q298

A 39 578 b - 2β -

k-146 20

io.o7.72. 2235705

rigid connection in the longitudinal and transverse direction. The forces which Carrying, guiding and driving the vehicle forward are thus transmitted from the superconducting coils to all partition walls. Each compartment 22 is also provided with a sealed supply tube 35 through which a mating, coaxial Supply nozzle can be inserted from the outside of the vehicle. This supply nozzle or "umbilical cord" is used to replenish the supply of liquid helium and the supply of liquid nitrogen and the vacuum chambers between to evacuate the nested containers and finally to the electricity in the superconducting coils regulate if this is necessary. The supply tube also contains vent lines for the helium and nitrogen f container.

14, the manner in which the spokes 33 and 34 are elastic and at one end will now be explained are rigidly attached at their other end. The purpose of this elastic fastening is, on the one hand, the normally to ensure required holding force with minimal heat transfer, and on the other hand, in case temporary, mechanical overloads to ensure adequate support, with increased heat transfer is accepted. Such short-term, mechanical overloads can occur, for example, when braking sharply occur or when the vehicle travels a very poorly aligned section of the guidance system happened. As Fig. 14 shows, the elastic holder is

- 21 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b -M-

realized by means of a stack of Belleville washers , which are made of tempered steel and are plate-shaped or slightly curved. The individual washers of this stack are curved alternately upwards and downwards. Under normal load, the washers touch the adjacent disks only along their inner and outer edge. However, when they are extremely stressed, they flatten out elastically, and their contact areas increase progressively until the entire stack of washers is reduced to a minimum Height is compressed. When the extreme load stops again, the washers take their original, arched shape again.

The vehicle requires auxiliary electrical power for lighting, Control, hydraulic pumps, air conditioning, etc. This energy can, for example, from an air-powered turbo generator on the vehicle or from a conventional electrical generator on board the vehicle. The electrical auxiliary power can, however, also be shown schematically in FIG. 23 Way to be won. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 23, Dewar vessels 22 'are provided which are similar to the Dewar vessels 22 can be formed. With the arrangement according to 23 can be used instead of liquid nitrogen - as described above - with liquid nitrogen, the surfaces to be cooled Oxygen and liquid methane are cooled. The evaporating parts of the oxygen and the methane are then a fuel cell 65 supplied to there electrical energy to create. Another option would be this

- 22

209885/0298

A 39 578 b. <, -Vt-

k-146 "■ *

io.o7.72 2235705

Burning gases in an internal combustion engine and mechanical and generate electrical energy. The vaporizing gases from the coolant tanks can also be via a suitable Heat exchanger 66 are passed, which is used to air-condition the passenger or freight part 2o.

In the following, the details of the electric drive and its control will now be discussed in more detail, after these parts of the traffic system according to the invention have only been briefly addressed so far. The traffic system 1 in Fig. 1 is a two-lane system with two guidance systems U and 4 ¹ , each of which is divided into a number of sections which are designated by loo to Io4 and loo 'to Io4'. In each case a group of four adjacent sections of the guide systems, i. E. two sections of two adjacent guide systems form a block to which the energy is supplied from a single energy source which is arranged in the middle of the associated block. The invention will now be explained below on the basis of the block which comprises the sections lol, Io2j lol ', Io2'.

A typical value for the length of a block, of course is dependent on the desired vehicle speed, cost considerations and other parameters, is typically about 5 km. A high-voltage underground cable Io6 transmits the three-phase alternating current along the guide systems 4, U '. In the center of each block is, as mentioned above, an energy source provided by a transformer 11 with four

- 23 -

20988B / 0290

A 39 57 8 b - TST -

Frequency converters is formed), each of which is assigned to a block section. (It could also be a system with two. Frequency converters are used, in which, however, it would be necessary, in addition, a mechanical or a Provide semiconductor switch, so that a frequency converter, for example supply the section lol 'or the section Io2' could.) In addition, a control device 12, which is referred to as block control 12 below, belongs to each block should be and which can contain a small special computer. Each block controller 12 always has the following connections to the other parts of the system: 1. Connections to the neighboring block controllers, 2. Connections .to all Vehicles in the relevant block and 3. a connection to a regional control 13, as shown in the drawing shows. The leader of a magnetic cushion train according to the invention can demand the following in each individual block: 1. constant Speed, namely the synchronous block speed which is determined by the regional control 13, 2nd acceleration to the synchronous speed or 3. deceleration and automatic removal from the guidance system. The block control 12 only allows braking if a suitable branch ramp is available or if there is an emergency. In an emergency, the train driver can be in direct contact with a control officer, who the vehicle speeds in the different parts of the system via a central control 14 can control. The above mentioned connections between adjacent blocks are provided to-the-movement to steer the vehicles from one block to the next and around

. - 24 -

2 0 988b / 0298

A 39 578 b - 2 * 1 -

.7 2

and if

in emergencies / the connection to regional control 13 is interrupted, also switch off the power in neighboring blocks can. The connection between the vehicle 2 and the block control can either be via a short range radio link or by electromagnetic scanning through wires embedded in the guidance system. The regional control is required in a large system because of the complicated operations that would result if a single central controller would have to control thousands of block controllers. The regional control 13 is with a Station or an end station and serves as a communication buffer between the blocks and the central controller. the Regional control is also for the acceleration of the vehicles and their introduction into the system in compliance given minimum distances between the vehicles. The regional control continuously monitors all of them Vehicles in their area and, as the drawing shows, has a connection to every neighboring area. It can be beneficial be to staff each regional control with a supervisor who can make some of the necessary decisions.

As mentioned above, each power source 11 includes a transformer and usually four frequency converters. A frequency converter is a circuit or device that has a Alternating voltage is converted into an alternating voltage of a different frequency. The usual high-performance frequency converters work today with controlled silicon rectifiers or thyristors for switching the power, as shown below with reference to the

- 25 -

209885/0298

A 39 57 8 b ■ ■ · - 2 * -

k-146 ■ ed

io.o7.72 <,. . 2235705

Fig. 18 is to be explained. The output frequency can be continuous can be changed up to half the input frequency. A three-phase frequency converter with an input frequency of 60 Hz can thus · a usable output power down to generate a frequency of 30 Hz. For the operation of linear motors it is necessary to generate a three-phase output signal, which typically works with six phases. In order to achieve a uniform three-phase output signal at frequencies in the To achieve close to half the input frequency, it is desirable to that a three-phase current is also fed to the input of the frequency converter.

To explain the function of the frequency converter, a system will now be considered with reference to FIGS. 16A to D, 17 and 18 in which a three-phase current of 60 Hz in a Three-phase alternating current of down to 2o Hz is implemented. The graphs in Figure 16A show the waveforms of the three Phases A, B and C of the input signal at 60 Hz (as e.g. from the transformer 5o in Fig. 18). The curves in Figures 16B, 16C and 16D show the three phases X, Y and Z at the output at a frequency of 20 Hz. Each of the three output phases is composed of segments of each of the input phases, as the figures show. One simplified, schematic representation of a frequency converter is shown in Fig. 17, in which cross-connected , controlled silicon rectifiers or triacs simple as switches 52, 52 * etc. are shown. The operation of the nine switches in Fig. 17 is controlled by the block control

- 26 -

20988 57 0238

A 39 578 b - 26 -

^k " ^llf6 io.o7.72

synchronized to obtain the desired waveform, as indicated in FIG. 18, where switches 52, 52 ', etc. are shown as cross-connected silicon controlled rectifiers S ₁ , S _2. , S ₃ , etc..

It is a feature of the frequency converter discussed above that makes it particularly simple and reliable that an automatic switchover of the silicon-controlled rectifier takes place without the need for special switching circuits would be. Eighteen controlled silicon rectifiers are required for the three-phase converter according to FIG. 18 (one six-phase converter would require seventy-two silicon controlled rectifiers) and no more high-performance components needed .. In addition, most of the eighteen silicon rectifiers are always active, so the output power of the converter is close to eighteen times the maximum load capacity of each individual silicon rectifier. at During normal braking, the energy can be pumped back into the three-phase network via the frequency converter (i.e. regenerative Brakes). During emergency braking, the drive windings can be short-circuited, so that a dynamic Braking with acceleration values of 0.5 G and higher results.

When operating at a variable frequency, the output signal will not be perfectly periodic if the output frequency is not one Is subharmonic of the input frequency. However, it can achieve that the output signal is at least approximately periodic as long as the output frequency is greater than half

- 27 -

209885/0298

A 39 57 8 b - 29 -

k-146 gh

the input frequency and as long as a three-phase current with a sufficient number of phases (typically six phases) is used.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide system U is made up of aluminum lamellae glued together, as is particularly clear from FIGS. 19, 20, 3 and U, with insulation layers between the aluminum layers so that both passive and active conductors are created and so that there is sufficient strength to maintain the required dimensions without additional reinforcing components. FIGS. 19 and 20 serve to explain a method with which it is possible to continuously manufacture guide systems according to the invention from aluminum strips. The intermediate layers of insulation material and the adhesive material are not shown for the sake of simplicity. The method shown is done by hand; but it is also possible to automate this process. Looking at the individual figures, it becomes clear that the underside of the guide system consists of a fiberglass or aluminum strip 6o, over which there is a pair of passive conductors 9, 9 ¹ (in FIGS. 19 and 2o there are only two layers of passive conductors each side of the guidance system) as well as the active conductors Io, which comprise the phases X, Y and Z. The phase conductors X, Y and Z consist of aluminum strips of coil pairs 3X- 3X ', 3Y- 3Y ¹ and 3Z- 3Z', whereby, as the drawing shows, each coil of the individual pairs

- 28 - '

209885/0298

A 39 578 b - 2-6 -

k-146 Io.o7.72

carries half the amount of tape required for each phase will. As FIG. 5 shows, each phase has two input terminals. A layer 61 of fiberglass or the like is placed over the above-mentioned elements in order to ensure a smooth surface of the guide system, which is also electrically neutral or isolated. The guide system made up of several layers in this way will eventually brought into the desired shape with inductively heated pressure plates 62 of suitable curvature. Fig. 2o shows the continuation the production of the guidance system, for one behind 19, the production of the individual phases X, Y and Z of the active conductors even more closely to clarify.

In a traffic system as it has been described up to this point, it is necessary that the magnetic cushion train has the high-speed guidance system for boarding and disembarking passengers and / or for loading and unloading loads, to then return again / the guidance system and his journey to continue. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 9 and Io, this can be achieved in that a guide system Mo is used, which relates to the guidance system U runs obliquely upwards. In this switch system, the vehicle 2 is initially from a speed of about 200 km / h braked to a speed of, say, loo km / h, and in this state, wheels Ul and U2, which are normally are retracted, extended sideways so that they are on the outer tracks 43 and UU on both sides of the guide

- 29 -

209885/0298

A 39 57 8 b. - 23--

k-116

systems 4 (and also the management system Ho) are running. To this The magnetic cushion train is guided over a ramp onto the guide system Uo, where it is again activated by electromagnetic force is held in suspension until the speed has dropped to about 35 km / h. At this low speed the vehicle is then supported again on the wheels 41 and 42. The guide system 4 can in fact on both sides with one another arranged 'rails, i.e. with outer rails 43 and 44 and with inner rails 45 and 46 on which then run the wheels in one of their two possible positions. The inner rails 45 and 46 run horizontally, while the outer rails 43 and 44 cause a vertical change in the direction of movement of the vehicle along the guide S " systems to cause it to branch off. The wheels 41 and 42 can be raised or lowered hydraulically and can be braked. A significant number of wheels can be used on any vehicle to drive local, to keep mechanical loads as small as possible. For example it is possible to provide a set of wheels in every second partition. ■

As FIGS. 21 and 22 show, a horizontal switch system can also be used, in which the guide system 4 can be pivoted into two different positions, so that in one position it is with a guide system 4 ″ and in the other position with a guide system 4 ' ¹ ' aligns. In detail, a long, flexible part of the guide system 4 is provided (in the case of high-speed switches, a section up to

- 3o -

209883/0298

A 39 578 b
k-146

to 5 km), which is carried by a number of bearing slides 47 and which by means of hydraulic or other means actuated devices can be moved into one of the two positions shown. The bearing carriages 47 slide on slide rails 49, the surface of which is 48 with polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) is coated.

In the following, some statistical information and remarks will now be made on the invention, several of them have already been addressed above. The vehicle 2 is a passive, cylindrical construction with a series of superconducting solenoids with a large dipole moment, which (with known means) are fed and which for a Operating time of eight to ten hours can be refrigerated. The weight of the vehicle is while maintaining a gap of approximately 25 cm evenly distributed over the guide system 4. The vehicle aligns itself automatically. (it can be freely Rotate or swing the longitudinal axis) and does not require any secondary articulation (the unsprung weight is zero). The management system is a trough made up of layers of aluminum, about a third of which is the length of the vehicle its perimeter surrounds; and the guidance system is self-supporting and contains all electrical connections required outside the vehicle. In particular, the windings of the Linear motor is an integral part of the layered guide system. The guide system can be placed directly in a bed of sand and does not require any additional mechanical reinforcements. At speeds of up to about 500 km / h

- 31 -

20988S / Q298

A 39 578 b k-146
Io.o7.72

-Wb-

the guidance system can be operated open. At higher speeds it is convenient to use a Close the upper shell and a partially evacuated one To create tunnels. The upper switch 7o can, however, also only serve to weather influences such as rain, snow, etc. and to keep thrown objects away from the guidance system. the Alignment tolerance is on the order of 5 cm. Of the The drive is linked to the guide system and takes place synchronously. It requires a polyphase transformer and one or more frequency converters to feed two control systems, and both for the synchronous drive as well as for acceleration and braking. Some particularly favorable features follow:

vehicle

Management system

Drive energy

Length: Uo m (weight of the superconductor 5 t) Diameter: U m (total weight of the cooling units Io t)

Gross weight: 5o t

Payload: 3o t (2oo passengers). .

Splitting height: 25 cm

Material: laminated aluminum Weight: loo to 15o kg / m (loo lb / ft single track) electrical power supply: 1 transformer

per km

60 Hz, three-phase three-phase current with the usual three-phase voltage, 5 to 15 MVi input power depending on the speed (electrical Efficiency 67%)

Power stroke / zHig of the suspension: 2o (excluding the

Air friction loss)

- 32 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b
k-146

Acceleration and braking: o, l to ο, 2 g Emergency braking: ο, 5 g by short-circuiting the

Drive windings Field strength in the passenger cabin: maximum loo G

The foregoing deals primarily with vehicles that are to be used over long distances and that run at a speed of at least 200 km / h. However, the traffic system according to the invention is also very useful at lower speeds and over shorter distances, where smaller magnetic cushion trains can then be used. For such smaller vehicles, recent developments in the field of permanent magnets (for example samarium-cobalt alloys) show the possibility of generating the required magnetic flux at the required distance from the vehicle with the aid of permanent magnets, this distance being smaller for smaller and slower vehicles than 25 cm and a less favorable but still usable ratio of buoyancy to weight is assumed. In such a vehicle, the dipoles 8, 8 ¹ etc. in FIG. 5 would then consist of permanent magnets.

A system has been described above in which the vehicles can be extended for stopping at stations and in emergencies

R ^ac * sentences were provided. An alternative for a complementary system would be to provide wheels 67 at the stations, which form part of the guidance system (see FIG. 5), the vehicle 2 additionally with

- 33 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b
k-146

^{1O 07 72} ^ ³ 223570

mobile slide rails 68 could be equipped and / or wheels 41 and 42 could have. The floor 27 of the passenger cabin can be made with a number of superconducting and ferromagnetic layers, be equipped to the magnetic field in the passenger cabin or in the cargo hold to an intensity of less than loo 6. In the system described above, the vehicle and the guidance system are in cross-section circular. However, a system according to the invention is also advantageous in which the vehicles and / or the superconducting Coils on the underside 7 and / or the guide systems 4 are weakly elliptical, so that the gap between the coils 5 of the vehicle and the guidance system 4 on the sides is slight is narrower than the center, so that the center of the buoyancy of the suspension is raised. When the vehicle is weakly elliptical, its lateral stiffness is increased compared to its vertical stiffness. The cooling units can be modified to create a closed loop for the liquid helium, as shown in FIG. 24 is indicated schematically and as in the US patent going back to the inventors of the present application 3,364,687. The liquid helium is at / a pressure above its critical point (supercritical helium) cooled by a heat exchanger 81, which is in a central Dewar 82 is immersed, which contains helium at ordinary pressure. The supercritical helium is supplied by a pump Bo pumped through all of the superconducting coils 5A, which from hollow conductors or which can be thermally coupled with a suitable tube system, and returns last

• '' - 34 -

209885/0298

A 39 578 b '- 3 * r -

k-146 io.o7.72

back to the central helium tank, where it passes through the heat exchanger 81 is cooled again. The use of a closed coolant circuit of this type has several advantages Advantages, the most important being that the individual superconducting coils are not in containers with liquid helium immerse, but are only surrounded by suitable vacuum chambers and have suitable shielding against thermal radiation. This shield, which is designated by 22 ″, can be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is also circulated starting from a central container 83, namely via the same connecting lines through which the liquid Helium flows. In this way, the liquid nitrogen acts as a radiation shield for the helium lines. Through this arrangement it becomes possible to service the vehicle from a single »connection.

- 35 -

209885/0293

Claims (1)

A 39 578 b k - 156 7/10/1972 ^ g Claims Transport system in which the vehicles are suspended from a guidance system by means of magnetic fields held and driven by means of a linear motor, characterized in that the magnetic fields er. testifying facilities extend over a considerable part of the underside of the vehicles and that the Guide system is trough-shaped and a relatively large part of the outwardly curved underside encloses the vehicle. 2. Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices generating the magnetic fields in the Area of the underside of the vehicles are arranged. 3. Transport system according to claim 2, characterized in that that the underside of the vehicles is cylindrical. · 4. Transport system according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that that the devices generating the magnetic fields are magnetic and run in the radial direction Generate dipole fields. 20988S / Q29 A 39 578 b - »6 - k - 156 July 10, 1972 tH 5. Transport system according to claim 4, characterized in that adjacent, magnetic fields generating devices generate magnetic dipole fields of opposite polarity. 6. Transport system according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that both active current-carrying conductors and passive conductors run along the guide system. 7. Transport system according to claim 6, characterized in that of the devices generating the magnetic fields When the vehicle is moving, eddy currents are generated in the passive conductors, which occur at a speed of Vehicle above a given minimum speed as a result of their interaction with the magnetic Dipole fields keep the vehicle in suspension. 8. Transport system according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the devices generating the magnetic fields are adapted in shape to the underside of the vehicles. 9. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the devices generating the magnetic fields are superconducting Coils are. 10. Transport system according to claim 9, characterized in that cooling devices are provided to the superconducting To keep coils at a temperature that ensures superconductivity. 209885/0298 A 39 578 b k - 156 7/10/1972 j 11. Transport system according to claim 10, characterized in that in the cooling devices liquid helium in thermisehen Contact is made with the superconducting coils and that cold shields are provided around the Heat supply to the liquid helium as low as possible to keep,' 12. Transport system according to claim 11, characterized in that the cold shields with liquid oxygen and - Methane are cooled and that the evaporated parts of the Oxygen and. of the methane of a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine are supplied to electrical Generate auxiliary power for the on-board systems of the vehicle. ^ '"..". " 13. Transport system according to claim 11 and 12, characterized in that that at least part of the evaporated refrigerant through a heat exchanger of an air conditioning system for is directed to the passenger and / or cargo hold. 14. Transport system according to claim 10, characterized in that that the superconducting coils are arranged in an evacuated cavity which is cooled in a suitable manner Has surfaces and brackets, and that the coils be kept at the temperature of liquid helium by a cooling system, in which a forced Circulation of supercritical helium takes place. 15. Transport system according to claim 10, characterized in that that the cooling devices comprise first containers which each enclose one of the superconducting coils and 209 835/02 98 A 39 578 b k - 156 - 7/10/1972 v3 <? 2235705 contain liquid helium that they comprise second containers surrounding the first container and a contain further coolant, and that the first and second containers by evacuated cavities from each other are separated. 16. Transport system according to claim 15, characterized in that each superconducting coil with its associated first container is rigidly connected and that every second container with its associated first container over Spokes is connected, each of which is provided at least at one end with a resilient suspension. 17. Transport system according to claim 16, characterized in that the resilient suspension consists of curved washers exists, which are arranged between a spoke end and the holder for the same. 18. Transport system according to claim 17, characterized in that the spokes and the suspension are designed so that there is as little heat transfer as possible. 19. Transport system according to claim 15 to 18, characterized in that that the cooling means comprise third containers which enclose the second container and of these are separated by evacuated cavities that the third container form components of the vehicle frame and that the second and third containers are each connected to one another by spokes. 209885/0298 A 39/578 b k - 156 - 39 - 7/10/1972 J9. 2235705 20. Transport system according to claim 10 to 19, characterized in that that on board the vehicle container for receiving under increased pressure evaporated Helium are provided. 21. Transport system according to claim 9 to 20, characterized in that that the superconducting coils are arranged so that they. Magnetic fields with to the underside of the vehicle produce essentially vertical field lines. 22. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that "the Devices generating magnetic fields are designed and arranged so that the vehicle weight as possible is uniformly transferred to the guidance system. 23. Transport system according to one or more of the above, previous claims, characterized in that the point of application of the magnetic buoyancy forces on the Vehicles above the center of gravity for reasons of stability of the vehicle. 24. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Vehicle shields are provided to shield the passenger and / or cargo space from the magnetic fields. 25. Transport system according to claim 24, characterized in that the shields by superconducting and ferromagnetic Layers are formed. 209885/0298 A 39 578 b - 40k - 156 7/10/1972 W 2235705 26. Transport system according to claim 24 and 25, characterized in that that the magnetic field strength in the passenger and / or cargo hold is less than 100 G. 27. Transport system according to one or more of claims 9 to 26, characterized in that the superconducting Coils are sized and flowed through by such a current that there is a distance of about 10 cm from the underside of the vehicle results in a magnetic field strength of at least about 1000 G. 28. Transport system according to claim 27, characterized in that the superconducting coils are sized and of such a current flows through that at a distance of about 25 cm from the bottom of the Vehicles have a magnetic field strength of around 1,000 to 3,000 G. 29. Transport system according to one or more of claims 9 to 28, characterized in that the superconducting Coils consist of multi-core niobium-titanium superconductors, which are embedded in a copper or aluminum base are embedded. 30. Transport system according to claim 29, characterized in that the head of the superconducting coils to one rigid structures connected, in particular glued, are. 31. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vehicles have an elongated jacket. 209885/0298 A 39 578 b
k - 156
July 10, 1972 32. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the vehicles with slide rails for emergency braking between the stations are provided. 33. Transport system according to one or more of the claims 9 to 32, characterized in that the underside of the vehicles and / or those arranged on the underside superconducting coils are slightly elliptical in cross-section and that the guide system is cylindrically curved, so that the distance between the coils and the guide system on the sides of the vehicle is slightly smaller than is in the middle of the bottom, creating the point of attack of the magnetic forces and the lateral stiffness of the vehicle compared to its Rigidity in the vertical direction is increased. 34. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide system in the curves is only approximately aligned with the correct transverse inclination and that the vehicles can swing freely around their longitudinal axis, so that when driving through curves they can automatically results in the correct cross slope. 35. Transport system according to claim S and 7 " characterized in that the guide system is made up of interconnected aluminum layers which are insulated from one another by suitable insulation layers so that active and passive conductors result" A 39 578 b 7/10/1972 ££ J3 / UJ 36. Transport system according to claim 35, characterized in that the aluminum layers, the insulation layers and the type of connection are chosen so that the guide system does not have any additional reinforcing elements needed,. to its function in compliance with specified To meet tolerances, 37. Transport system according to claim 35 and 36, characterized in that that the guide system is designed so that all external parts of the same smooth and are electrically neutral. 38. Transport system according to claim 35 to 37, characterized in that that the guide system is covered on its surface by a layer of insulation material. 39. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that wheels are provided on the guide system and / or on the vehicles are to keep the vehicles at a speed below the minimum of preferably about 35 km / h lying speed. 40. Transport system according to claim 39, characterized in that that ar = ls parts of the management system serving stations stone.: Wheels are provided to support the vehicles Al 'Hr u: ■■ ..? :: / ■' ■ r crys te: t after one or more of the preceding g :: r, ■. ■ .-: -. :: », claims, characterized in that the : .- '' ■ '; ■ ■ · "' .: -;" - ■ y ^ ter ;. is closed by an upper shell., Z 09S 85/0 2 9 8 A 39 578 b
k - 156
July 10, 1972 42. Transport system according to claim 41, characterized in that that the closed guidance system is under negative pressure is held. . 43. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding · claims, characterized in that the The guidance system is provided with switch sections, via which the vehicles can be redirected at full speed on the side lines of the guidance system; "'■■ - ■ - 44. Transport system according to claim 43, characterized in that the switch sections ^ consist of relatively long sections of the guide system which are _{movable into such a position v} that their free end is aligned with the connector of a sideline. 45. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vehicles are each provided with a number of extendable wheels on both sides and that the Guide system is provided with rails for the wheels. 46. Transport system according to claim 45, characterized in that that the wheels can be extended in two positions and that the guide system has two pairs of rails, one of which is inclined to the other, so that the vehicles in the vertical direction from the - Guidance system out and directed to a sideline can be. A 39 578 b
k - 156 47. Transport system according to claim 45 and 46, characterized in that that means are provided for raising and lowering the wheels in the extended state are. 48. Transport system according to claim 45 to 47, characterized in that that braking devices for braking the vehicles via those in contact with the rails Wheels are provided. 49. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the active current-carrying conductors (10) are designed in this way are that they form a sequence of overlapping current loops along the guidance system, so that when fed with a multiphase alternating current from a power source, they create a magnetic field moving along the guide system, through which the vehicles as a result of the interaction of this magnetic field with the magnetic dipole fields along the Guide system are driven synchronously. 50. Transport system according to claim 49, characterized in that the active current-carrying conductors in their Shape are essentially adapted to the shape of the guide system. 51. Transport system according to claim 49 and 50, characterized in that that the current source designed as a multi-phase alternating current source with the active conductors 209885/0298 A 39 578 ^k ~ ¹⁵⁶ ■ · '■ -. '. 7/10/1972 us -. · · ... 2235705 what is connected is that they feed the current in the correct way Sequence, phase position, frequency and amplitude, to maintain, increase or decrease the desired synchronous speed of the vehicles. 52. Transport system according to claim 51, characterized in that that control devices are provided via which the power source with the individual active conductors is connectable. fi ■ 53. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Guiding system is divided into sections and that the active leader of each section of those of all remaining sections are electrically isolated. 54. Transport system according to claim 53, characterized in that two essentially parallel guide systems are provided, each of which is made up of sections, and that two sections of both guide systems form a block of four sections. 55. Transport system according to claim 51 to 54, characterized ^ that the power source is a Transfortmator contains. ' 56. Transport system according to claim 55, characterized in that the power source contains at least one frequency converter which is connected to the secondary side of the Transformer is connected = A 39 568 b
k - 156 - 4 «- 57. Transport system according to claim 56, characterized in that that with the frequency converter currents of a given frequency can be urasetzbar in currents of lower frequency. 58. Transport system according to claim 56 and 57, characterized in that that connected to the frequency converter control devices for controlling its output frequency are. 59. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that several frequency converters are connected to the secondary side of a transformer are connected and that with the output of each of the frequency converters at least a portion of the Management system or the two management systems is connected. 60. Transport system according to claim 59, characterized in that that the power source comprises a transformer and four frequency converters connected thereto, which with the four Sections of a block are connected. 61 * Transport system according to claim 60, characterized in that that the power source for the four sections of a block can be controlled via the following control systems: A block controller to which a first input signal from the vehicle is transmitted, this being Signal is used to control power to any of the four sections of the block when in it Section, a vehicle is located to an acceleration, 203885/0298 Ä 39 568 b k - 156 "■. · ■ -«> ■ ' July 10, 1972 Uf ■ 2235705 bring about a deceleration or a synchronous drive at a desired speed; a regional control, which receives its signals from various neighboring blocks and serves to actuate the control block in a superposed manner, if it is necessary to maintain _r by a predetermined safety distance between the vehicles; a central control, which the operation of the whole Transport system monitored and via which the regional controls can be controlled and which also the control of the block control takes over if this is required to avoid or around traffic congestion or the like at any point in the system to bring about suitable control measures in the event of a mechanical failure or an accident. 62. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims , characterized in that the power sources are provided at suitable intervals along the guide system. 63. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the transformers of the power sources are multi-phase transformers and that control devices in the form of switching elements are provided in the power sources which can be actuated in part by signals from the vehicle and which can also be actuated in such a way that they put the transformer in the desired order 209885/0298 A 39 568 b * ~ ^15β - Φβ - 7/10/1972 _μ9 2235705 connect with the active mothers, being about each Transformer a current can be fed to each of the four sections of a block in a two-lane guidance system is / as long as there is a vehicle in the section in question. 64. Transport system according to claim 61, characterized in that the power source in the sections in which a Vehicle should travel at constant speed, deliver a current of a fixed frequency and controllable Has switching elements to the sections in which an acceleration and / or deceleration take place is intended to supply a current of changing frequency, and that in addition to the frequency which is used to change the The speed is variable, and the drive energy can also be regulated. 65. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the The guidance system surrounds the vehicles on about a third of their circumference. 66. Transport system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Devices generating magnetic fields are arranged closely adjacent to one another. 67. Process for the production of a guidance system for a transport system based on one or more of the previous ones Claims, characterized in that 'the guide system in place continuously by means of 0 9 8 8 5/0298 A 39 578 b ' k '- 156 - 4'9- - July 10, 1972 m . ' 223.5705 a movable device is produced, in which the made of aluminum layers The guide system is composed of aluminum strips and strips wound on rolls, whereby Insulation material in a suitable manner around the aluminum parts folded around and. is placed between them, and that the raw guide system so produced is then compressed and into the correct cylindrical shape is bent and held in this shape until an adhesive is present between the layers preferably
is / is cured by induced heat to such an extent that it has a suitable strength to ensure the rigidity of the layered guide system. 68. The method according to claim 65, characterized in that a catalyzed adhesive is used as the adhesive. 2098.86 / 0298 so Blank page