DE2227727A1 - Inorg fungicides - contg iodine and/or alkali iodides - Google Patents

Abstract

Title compsns. are very effective against deuteromycetes such as Botrytis spp. on plants, and use readily available active ingredients which are non-toxic to warm-blooded animals. They should be applied as soon as the first signs of disease occur, and application can be repeated between 15 and 5 days before harvesting. The iodine and/or alkali iodides can be used in combination with other known fungicides, giving synergistic effects.

Description

Fungicides and methods of combating fungi in deuteromycetes Cultivated plants The invention relates to new fungicides, which are readily available substances contain and have a high degree of effectiveness, as well as a method of control of fungi deuteromycetes in crops.

It has surprisingly been found that iodine and / or alkali iodides of general formula IMe, in which Me is an alkali metal like Li, Na, K etc. very effective Represent fungicides against fungi deuteromycetes.

It was found according to the invention that these products at entaprechender Preparation very effective for combating the gray or grayish putrefaction "mentioned Grapes, strawberries and other crops are affected by fungus. This disease is caused by fungi of the genus Botrytis (Botrytis cinerea per., Botrytis fabae, Botrytis vulgaris etc.).

The gray rot of the grapes is caused by Botrytis cinerea pers and causes significant crop failures. In years of great moisture when ripening the fruit loses a significant portion of the harvest, what portion of the Varieties that are particularly susceptible (grape varieties Aledo, Ohanes, etc.), up to 60 or 70%.

Furthermore, the grapes are made from grapes affected by gray rot Wines of poor quality and difficult to store.

The fruits and vegetables infested by fungi of the genus Botrytis (Grapes, strawberries, lettuce, artiochocks etc.) are not sold on the market.

So far, no actually effective chemical preparation has been found against the gray rot (botrytis) found as this fungus is very chemical against is resilient.

On the other hand, it is necessary that a botrytis control Fungicide does not attack the microflora required for fermentation of the wines, because the organic fungicides used up to now impaired the usual ones Doses and concentrations affect fermentation to a significant extent.

Along with the products of the invention, attempts have been made with many other fungicides (T.M.T.D., imides of phthalic acid, chlorinated quinines, heteroxides derived from imidazole, pentachlorophenol, pentachloronitrobenzene, salicylic acid, Antibiotics, carbamates); excelled in products containing iodine and / or alkali iodides however, these others are considerable because of their toxicity to the aforesaid Mushroom.

Two pollinations were made with solutions of iodine in different Concentrations and with solutions of alkali iodides in various concentrations carried out. The first pollination took place several weeks before the grapes were harvested, namely on vines of different varieties, and at a time when on In the field there was a considerable development of the disease on the grapes. The second pollination took place a week before the harvest.

Both pollinations showed the great effectiveness of iodine and the alkaline iodides against Botrytis cinerea. It was also found that the iodine and the alkali iodides neither of the grape nor of those with these grapes give taste or smell to produced wines.

The solutions used do not leave any stains on the grapes, not even if these are in the maturation stage during pollination.

The tried and tested products iodine and alkali iodide are neither for humans still toxic to warm-blooded animals.

Pollination in the field should be done as soon as the first Signs of the disease may appear between 15 and 5 days before harvest be repeated.

The trials in the field were carried out on the grape varieties Aledo and Ohanes, the strawberry varieties Tioga and Fresno, lettuce of the Trocadero variety and artichokes carried out the infestation of fungi deuteromycetes, order Hifales, family of Mucedinen, with the genus Botrytis (cinerea, fabae, vulgaris etc.) special attention has been paid, though to the results in the other genera this family were also very satisfactory.

There were also experiments with mixtures of iodine and alkali iodides performed with various other fungicides.

It has been found that iodine and alkali iodides are mixed with Carbamic acid, imides of phthalic acid, thiuram disulfides, chlorinated quinones, heteroxides derived from imidazole, chlorinated or nitrated benzenes, inorganic fungicides derived from organometallic fungicides - an extraordinary one Exercise aynergetic effect on the mushrooms mentioned.

In the following several examples are described in which the named Parts always mean parts by weight.

Example 1 13.3 parts of alkali iodide are obtained by mechanical stirring dissolved in 86.7 parts of water.

The dose of this preparation for pollination is 1000 cm3 in 1000 1 water for one hectare.

Pollination is achieved by carefully wetting the plants or carried out of the attacked fruit.

Example 2 2 parts of iodine or alkali iodide are mixed in a mixer mixed with 98 parts of inert filling until homogenized. As an inert filling can kaolin, calcium sulfate, talc, kieselguhr, bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, Seprolite, calcium carbonate or the like can be used, these leg being ground with particle sizes between 0.5 and 5 microns.

After mixing, the whole thing is used to preserve the desired Fineness and homogenization of the mixture ground in a mill.

The preparation obtained in this way is applied by means of suitable devices the plants or fruits are pollinated, in doses between 10 and 30 kg per Hectares.

Care must be taken that the powder mix on all parts the plants or fruits is applied, especially to those infected with fungus.

Example 3 13.3 parts of alkali iodide are obtained by mechanical stirring dissolved in 86.7 parts of water. The solution will be between 0.05 and 1% emulsifier or adhesives with hydrophilic groups (releasable) added.

The concentration of alkali iodides with good results compared the Botrytis cinerea and other fungi deuteromycetes start at at least 0.001 %.

These types of preparations can be made by dissolving iodine or alkali iodides in alcohol or other specific solvents, these Solutions, possibly emulsifiers, can be added. The emulsifiers must be compatible with the HLB of the solvent used, and can continue to do so Antifoam agents, adhesives and wetting agents can be added.

EXAMPLE 4 Between 0.5 and 99% iodine or alkali iodide are mixed with a inorganic fungicide made from copper, sulfur, mercury etc. or with an organic one Fungicide such as derivatives of dithiocarboxylic acid, tetramethylthiursulfide, chlorinated Quinones, imides of phthalic acid, heteroxides of imidazole, chlorinated or nitrated Benzenes mixed. The whole is mixed with appropriate stirring with addition the corresponding percentage of inert filler such as kaolin, talc, diatomaceous earth, Bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or son-1) (hydrophilidlipophilic balance) compatible substances. That Stirring is continued until a uniform mixture is obtained.

Thereafter, the mixture is in a suitable mill to the desired Ground fineness.

The preparation obtained in this way is applied to the plants by dusting or applied to the infected fruit.

This combination of iodine or alkali iodide with other known fungicides may contain one or more fungicides and continue with other pesticides mixed fungicides.

A representative mixture of this example consists of: 1 sec alkali iodide 5% imides of phthalic acid 94% kaolin The whole was premixed and put in a mill ground to the desired fineness.

When using this preparation on gray rot (botrytis) Infested grapes could bring the disease quickly and completely under control will.

The same preparation resulted in experiments on strawberries and artichokes and lettuce to the same positive results.

Example 5 10 parts of iodine are added to 100 parts of hot water, alcohol, chlorinated solvents or organic solvents dissolved; it will be different Lots of emulsifiers added to make a base concentrate.

10 parts of this preparation are dissolved in 1000 parts of water, and this solution is applied to those afflicted by the disease by means of suitable equipment Parts of the plants are dusted.

Among the solvents for the aforementioned concentrated preparation the following can be named: water, alcohol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, other organic solvents and mixtures thereof.

If the concentrated solution is not soluble in water, Surfactants are added to dispersions or emulsions using to obtain fine particles.

These surface-active products can be non-functional, oxyethylene phenolic compounds, fatty acids or oxyethylene alcohols des Anion-type act, such as: soft soaps, sulfonate or sulfate monoesters of Aliphatics or aromatics etc. as well as sulfonated products. Mixtures can also be used be used by anionic and nonionic surface-active products.

Active matter concentrates, emulsifiers or dispersants can also be used and solvents are prepared that are suitable for later dissolution in water are.

Example 6 20 parts of alkali iodide or iodine are mixed with 70 parts of inert, Filler of the types mentioned in Example 2 uniformly in a suitable device mixed; 10 parts of wetting agent, dispersing agent or suspending agent are added to this mixture added.

Depending on the desired fineness, the whole is ground or simply mixed.

The powder obtained is suspendable in water and becomes later Applied to the plants with suitable atomizers.

EXAMPLE 7 Between 10 and 20 parts of alkali iodide or iodine are used in a suitable mixer with the fungicides mentioned in Example 4 in proportions Mix between 90 and 10 parts and then mix between 3 and 10 parts Dispersants, wetting agents or suspending agents or a mixture thereof added.

The whole is ground or simply mixed if the products have the appropriate fineness.

The end product obtained in this way can be suspended in water and can later with suitable atomization devices on the plants affected by the disease be applied.

Claims (8)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Pungicides, characterized by a content of iodine and / or alkali iodide. 2. Method of combating fungi deuteromycetes in crop plants using fungicides according to claim 1, characterized in that iodine and / or iodide of alkali metals alone or in combination with known organic ones or inorganic fungicides can be used. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that iodine and / or Alkali iodide can be dispersed or dissolved in water, preferably 13.3 Proportions of iodine and / or alkali iodide to 86.7 parts of water, and that the dose for the pollination is 1000 cm3 per 1000 liters of water per hectare. 4. The method according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that Iodine and / or alkali iodide with inert fillers such as kaolin, calcium sulfate, talc, Kieselguhr, bentonite montmorillonite, attapulgite, seprolite, Calcium carbonate is homogenized, the filler to a particle size between 0.5 and 5 microns is milled. 5. The method according to at least one of claims 2-4, characterized in that that for the solution of iodine and / or alkali iodide in water between 0.05 and 1 ffi emulsifier or adhesive with hydrophilic groups is added, with the concentration of the iodine or alkali iodide is at least 0.001%. 6. The method according to claim 2-5, characterized in that the Preparation by dissolving iodine and / or alkali iodide in alcohol or specific Solvents is produced, these solutions being emulsifiers, which with the HLB of the solvent are compatible, as well as optionally antifoam agents, Adhesives and wetting agents can be added. 7. The method according to claim 2-6, characterized in that iodine and / or alkali iodide with inorganic fungicides of copper, sulfur or mercury be mixed, or with organic fungicides, such as derivatives of dithiocarboxylic acid, Tetramethylthiuram disulfides, chlorinated quinones, imides of phthalic acid, heteroxides from Imidazole, chlorinated or nitrated benzenes, the whole being inert filler such as kaolin, calcium sulfate, talc, kieselguhr, bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, Seprolite, calcium carbonate or other compatible filler is added. 8. The method according to claim 2-7, characterized in that iodine and / or alkali iodide in warm water or alcohol, chlorinated or organic Solvents are dissolved, emulsifiers are added with vigorous stirring, so that a base concentration is obtained, with water, alcohol, Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, other organic solvents or mixtures the same are used, and that surface-active if they are not dissolved in water Products are added, namely of the non-ionic type such as oxyethylenated Phenolic compounds, fatty acids or oxyethylene alcohols or of the anionic Type, such as soft soaps, sulfonated or sulfated monoesters of aliphatics or Aromatics as well as sulfonated products or mixtures of anionic surface-active substances Products with non-ionic products.