DE2222557A1 - Automobile impact absorber - filled with pref polyurethane foam - Google Patents

Abstract

A hollow component for automobiles, which becomes compressed in an impact during accidents, has its hollow space filled with e.g. plastics foam, pref. a cross linked hard foam, specif. polyurethane foam. The component may be used as an impact absorber in steering columns, behind bumpers, around passengers, behind the dashboard and to resist the forward tilt of a seat back.

Description

Used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles Component The invention relates to a component in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles used, consisting of a hollow body component, which in an impact accident is subjected to pressure and has a cross-section that corresponds to the impact force is applied substantially completely, whereby the component is essentially deformed over the entire cross-section.

As such a component z. B. the side members with their front and rear end parts. These end parts, which are in the so-called crumple zones of the Vehicle, i.e. in front of or behind the pressure-resistant passenger cell, are already designed or at least intended to serve the purpose that they can be used in an impact accident Convert impact energy. These carriers or carrier end parts exist usually from a box-shaped hollow profile.

If you do not take any precautions with such girders or girder end parts to a targeted deformation, these become with a correspondingly high impact force relatively uneven, d. H. so deformed that they are initially high, in general result in harmful delay spike. The subsequent deformation is uncontrolled and has several times high delay peaks with relatively low conversion of impact energy per unit of travel.

In order to avoid this disadvantage, it is already known on the carriers to provide predetermined kinks at appropriate intervals in such a way that a more uniform Energy conversion over a longer path, d. H. also takes place over a longer period of time.

The provision of such predetermined kink points is disadvantageous Way an additional processing of the carrier.

In addition, the girders do not have to have a certain compressive rigidity to fall below and also not to reduce the flexural rigidity too much of a profile with a larger section modulus than is the case must be if one would not provide this profile with predetermined kinks.

However, this problem does not only arise with the front and rear the passenger & all lying IÄnesträgerabschnitt. In the same or similar Rather, this problem occurs, namely targeted plastic deformation and thus to achieve optimal energy absorption, also with other components of a motor vehicle. These components include B. the fasteners the bumper, the steering system, the connecting part between the roof pillar and the roll bar, the fastening elements for the dashboard as well as the cardan shaft. These However, the list is not to be taken as complete.

Unless components are mandatory for a specific purpose and these are appropriately designed due to the above problem it is also possible to use additional components with plastic deformation to be provided for the targeted conversion of energy at the points of the motor vehicle, where they are appropriate but have not yet been provided for.

All of the components listed and possibly new to be provided so consist of a hollow body. If this hollow body, its cross-sectional dimension is generally smaller than the length of the hollow body, applied by an impact force, then, as already mentioned, a high delay peak occurs. After that, however has set a certain deformation of the walls of the hollow body, this becomes irregularly deformed, d. H.

Areas of the walls of the hollow body buckle, which then causes the Energy consumption is uneven and low.

The present invention has therefore set itself the task of a To create component that gives a uniform resistance to deformation. About that In addition, the initial cross-section for the component should have a required flexural strength and work on the deformation can be reduced. According to the invention in the case of a component of the type identified at the outset, this is achieved by that the hollow body is filled with a plastic foam or the like.

The plastic foam causes what is to be expected in itself A corresponding quality in itself means a higher energy consumption. The surprising thing, however, is the fact that he in a component of the initially marked type causes a relatively uniform wrinkling in the event of an impact the walls of the hollow body and thus an optimal energy absorption is achieved. This fact is roughly equivalent to the provision of predetermined kinks. The folding the wall of the component takes place from the acted upon end of the component substantially uniformly over such a length that is necessary for the conversion of the impact energy necessary is.

By foaming the components, which is generally not a special one Requires effort, so once the work is done through the even folding and increased by the presence of the plastic foam itself.

On the other hand, the deformation resistance is uniform without damaging Delay peaks occur. From the above, however, the requirement arises that the cross section of the component is such that this alone by deformation in the It is capable of converting energy, albeit to a poorer extent.

In contrast, it is through the German utility model 1 983 413 became known, a closed one between the bumper and the vehicle body Provide hollow body that extends over the entire width of the vehicle and its Interior is filled with a work-consuming plastic foam. Here will - as can easily be seen - only the one effect of the plastic foam can be used, namely to consume work. The effect of the plastic foam on the hollow body itself, d. H. on its sheathing one did not recognize what the fact was proves that a step is provided in the sheet metal jacket for the sheet metal to buckle is. In addition, the sheet metal jacket extends over the entire width of the vehicle not fully used to destroy energy during normal exposure, rather, it is more stressed in bending. The effect the present Invention cannot occur here.

The effect of the present invention, i.e. H. the achievement of a uniform folding of the hollow body can be explained by the fact that when pressed in the front surface of the foam immediately behind it exerts a force exerts the walls, whereby the folding is stabilized.

Any foam that has a certain thickness is suitable as a plastic foam has a certain density. In addition, it should also be networked in this way be that when it is squeezed, it dodges accordingly the Seîtenw * Sadungen exerts pressure on them. It will be closer in further training the invention proposed to use a crosslinked rigid foam.

A polyurethane foam has proven to be particularly suitable for the purpose of the invention exposed. It should be noted, however, that under certain circumstances also with rigid foams the inventive effect can be achieved on a different basis, so on the Based on polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and the like.

Depending on the type of Desmophen used, you can choose between rigid and soft Manufacture polyurethane foams. The density of the foams is generally z. B. between 20 and 600 kg / m3.

The foam to be used in the invention; H. its density and hardness, in order to achieve a corresponding effect, depends on the sheet thickness of the Hohlkörs pers and also, under certain circumstances, of its cross-section, which in turn Fattoren depend on the energy to be destroyed or converted and on the path within to whom the energy is to be destroyed. A generally valid volume weight can therefore be poorly specified to achieve the effect according to the invention. However, it will be on the order of between 40 and 400 kg / m3 and is at a given energy to be destroyed and that essentially oriented towards it Hollow bodies can easily be determined by experiments. The specified values for the volume weight from 40 to 400 kg / m3 are suitable up to a sheet thickness of about 1.5 mm is also the pressure under which the foaming is completed until the end Hollow body takes place. The lower value of the volume weight is determined by the so-called Foam freely, since the foam must at least fill the entire hollow body well. A non-crosslinked rigid foam can also achieve the effect according to the invention in this respect, than this when compressing by granulating or similar splitting off of particles exerts pressure on the walls. With such a material, it may be advisable to it as small particles, e.g.

B. to use balls. But it still has to be compressible.

Compressibility is a prerequisite for the effect. If this compressibility is missing, cavities within the Filler material are created, in which the filler material under a resistance, which corresponds approximately to that of the outer walls, can be pushed in. Important the effect is also due to the fact that the material for the filling is compressed when it is compressed not like a liquid, the pressure simultaneously and evenly on the whole The length of the hollow body is transferred to the walls, but only to that of the first Application point on the closest walls and then progressively on the other wall sections.

The foam in the hollow body is expediently under a pretension. The choice of this preload depends to a certain extent on the sheet thickness away. - The thinner z. B.

the sheet metal is, u o more folds arise on a certain length.

It is of course advantageous to foam the hollow body directly, d. H. to introduce the components and any additives into the hollow body, so that the plastic during solidification within the hollow body to the Foam is inflated, which then fills the hollow body well. On the other hand it is also possible to introduce the foam only after solidification, either as a single foam piece or e.g. in Shape of balls or Like .. These balls should have the smallest possible diameter.

Due to the even energy absorption of the component, the Curve in the force-displacement diagram is roughly horizontal after it has risen steeply from the 0 point is. However, it has been found that in certain cases there is still a delay spike occurs at the beginning of energy absorption. The curve therefore starts to rise Zero point from initially a little higher, in order then to the more evenly approximately horizontal Course or to decrease to its value. This undesirable delay spike can be avoided according to a further feature of the invention that for the first folding a predetermined kink is provided. This predetermined kink can be in in the usual known manner by a cross-sectional weakening of the wall of the hollow body or can be reached by a pre-bent point. - The cross section of the hollow body depends on the purpose of the component. It can be angular, especially square, as well as round or elliptical.

As has already emerged from the above, must the hollow body of the component consist of a material that allows the The walls of the hollow body can be folded easily. It can therefore be any Material that meets this requirement can be used. Preferably comes as such a material that is mainly in the relevant places of the anyway Motor vehicle used sheet steel in question.

A good effect is achieved with the invention when the greatest Extension of the cross section of the hollow body is smaller than the length of the same. In this case one has the possibility to convert the energy in a longer way, which results in less delay. Further features of the invention result from the claims and the following description, the various possible applications describes without claiming to be complete.

The drawing shows: FIG. 1 the rear part of a motor vehicle, partially cut away in perspective view, FIG. 2 the same view as 1, but after an impact accident, FIG. 3 that which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG Side member in section after energy conversion, Fig. 4 the longitudinal support part after energy absorption in a side view, FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal support part without plastic foam after energy conversion, FIG. 6 is a side view of a Motor vehicle, in which further applications of the component according to the invention to the relevant points is shown dotted, FIG. 7 shows the motor vehicle according to FIG. 6 in plan view, FIG. 8 a section along line VIII - VIII in FIG. 6, FIG. 9 likewise a section along line VIII - VIII in Fig. 6, but in a different embodiment, FIG. 10 shows the front part of a motor vehicle in side view, FIG. 11 shows a motor vehicle in front view, FIG. 12, the longitudinal members 12a, 12b visible in FIG. 10 the bumper and bumper fasteners in larger. Scale, Fig. 13 a motor vehicle in side view with highlighted steering system and cardan shaft, 14 the steering spindle with steering wheel and so-called impact pot, FIG. 15 the front one Part of the side member and the impact absorber for the bumper, Fig. 15a the Impact absorber and longitudinal member in the deformed state, Fig. 16, a further application of the invention in a component that the vehicle occupants against in a side impact high lateral acceleration protects, Fig. 17, 17a the component according to the invention for Fastening of the dashboard, both in the initial state and after deformation, 18, 18a the component according to the invention between the roof spar and the upper end the rotatable backrest, in the initial state and after energy absorption in a frontal collision, Fig. 19-19b a further embodiment of the component according to the invention in the initial state and after the compressive stress and 20, 21 two force-displacement diagrams.

In Fig. 1, 10 of the rear part of a longitudinal beam 28 is a Motor vehicle referred to. The bumper 12 is on the longitudinal member 10 central or attached directly.

Between a rear panel 11 and the end of the longitudinal member 10 a support plate 14 is arranged. The body panel forming the trunk is designated with 16, the wheel arch with 18 and the tail light with 20. The longitudinal member 10 is, as can be seen, U-shaped in cross section, the two Form side parts of the U-shape at the upper end at right angles bent flanges 22. A special cover plate is either welded to these flange parts 22 attached or the sheet metal 24 of the vehicle floor is with the U-shaped longitudinal member 10 directly connected, so that in each case the longitudinal beam or the longitudinal beam part forms a box shape.

The longitudinal member 10 is foamed with a plastic foam, a polyurethane foam is expediently used. The foam is in Fig. 1 denoted by 26. If, as usual, the longitudinal member 10 is only part of the continuous Forms carrier 28, the carrier 28 naturally only needs to be filled with foam along its length to be located outside of the rigid passenger compartment to the front and rear extends. For the purpose of foaming, the carrier 28 is therefore expediently attached to the relevant one Place provided with a partition wall 30 that delimits the space for the plastic foam. Since the longitudinal member 28 should not be pressed in in the area of the passenger compartment, So in this area you will focus on the measures of the invention, and indeed already waive for cost reasons. The longitudinal member 10 is on the front side z. B. completed by the sheet 14.

The expansion of the longitudinal member 10 takes place in a simple manner, as known per se, in that the components through an opening in the hollow body and, if necessary, additives are introduced It depends on the circumstances in the production at which stage of the RSH body you want to foam the side member will make.

The position of the longitudinal member when foaming results the position of the opening for the introduction of the material. This opening, shown in Fig. 1 is indicated schematically and denoted by 32, is due to the appropriate Job. After the mixture has penetrated, the opening 32 is opened in a suitable manner locked.

At 34 a predetermined kink is shown, which causes the first convolution occurs without an undesirable delay spike. For this intended kink can in expedient Diger way the filling opening can be used, then perhaps several such openings are appropriately distributed on this one Cross-section must be arranged.

Due to the foaming of the longitudinal member 10, the effect is that the longitudinal member 10 folds up evenly continuously from its end, when a force is exerted on the longitudinal member 10 in the longitudinal direction. this can be seen from FIG.

The reason for the even folding and therefore the even Energy conversion has already been explained before and can be attributed to that the foam after the start of the impression of the carrier is directed outwards Exerts pressure on the wall. This results in a stabilized, i.e. H. relatively steady uniform fold 36 comes about. This folding is again from FIGS. 3 and 4 to be seen. The carrier part 10 is at the point outside of this fold 36, d. H.

in its right-hand section in FIGS. 3 and 4 not at all or not significantly deformed. In contrast to this, FIG. 5 shows the type of deformation of the support part 10, if this is not filled with foam. In this case it will When a force is applied, the carrier part 10 is also initially at its left end depressed. However, the uneven deformation extends very quickly its entire length, which is then roughly as in Fig. 5 looks drawn. It is easy to understand that there is initially a high, harmful delay peak occurs, while afterwards the delay and thus the energy conversion very much falls off quickly.

The folding 36 takes place in such a way that when in the upper wall the sheet bends upwards (point 40 in Fig. 4, the lower wall in this Level also bends upwards or inwards (position 42). Then takes place the folding - as shown - in the opposite direction. The corners will managed accordingly.

Forms the end part 10 at the top together with the sheet metal 24 of the Vehicle floor the hollow body, the sheet metal 24 connected to the flange parts 22 is, the folding of the flange parts 22 also the one extending away from them Floor panel evenly folded with. The energy consumption is thereby also elevated.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen how the foam 26 is in the respective Has pushed folding into it. This is how the foam absorbs energy also to be worn between the folds 36.

From Figo 6 and 7, which are a side view and a plan view of a Motor vehicle show go further possible applications emerged. The body is labeled 40 there. 28 are the lower side members again, the front and rear end parts 10 corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2 with foam are filled out. Furthermore, in FIGS. 6 and 7, the front bumper is indicated at 42 referred to, which is attached to a body part 44 via impact absorber 43. The impact absorbers 43 also each consist of a hollow body, which according to the present invention is filled with foam. More about the impact absorbers will be said later with reference to Figs. 15 and 15a. In the same or similar Like the front bumper 42, the rear bumper 45 is via impact absorbers 46 is connected to a body part or the end parts 10 of the longitudinal members 28.

As is known, the tendency is that both the front part of the vehicle as well as the rear part of the vehicle absorb or convert as much energy as possible should so that the impact force is not also formed in a damaging manner on the compression-proof Passenger compartment 47 acts. To that corresponding to a certain speed Being able to destroy energy in the front or rear part may be enough.

the end parts 10 of the longitudinal beams 28 are not made. The invention sees therefore in addition to the existing body parts of the front and iliate part Energy-absorbing parts 50, 51, which according to the invention are made with foam filled components exist, similar to them the end parts 10 the longitudinal beam 28 form. These components 50, 51 lie above the end parts 10 and also, for example, in the wheel flats.

The engine compartment hood 54 can also have a component for the purpose of absorbing energy 56 of relatively small cross-section according to the invention. At 58 is called a roll bar. Between this and the lock pillar 57 is located a foam-filled intermediate piece 59, which deforms in the event of a roof impact will. A cross member is denoted by 60. This has to accommodate from the side Butt sections 62, according to the invention from hollow profiles filled with foam exist.

The foam can be introduced into all of these parts by foaming or after foaming in one piece or in the form of small particles z.

B. balls.

Fig. 8 shows a section along line VIII - VIII in Fig.

6 on an enlarged scale. This is what the energy-absorbing component is made of 50, which in this case is partially formed by the wheel installation 64. A additional angle plate 65 results in a rectangular cross-section carrier, the is filled with foam. Does this make wheel installation 64 practical? over hat only used to absorb energy. The engine compartment skin 54 has for the purpose of elevation the energy absorption one or more filled with foam Profiles 56. With 10 an end part of the L3ngsträgers 28 and 68 the fender is designated. The vehicle wheel is indicated and bears the reference number 66.

Fig. 9, which is also a section along line VIII -VIII in Fig. 6 shows, represents a particularly advantageous measure to the wheel installation 64 and to use the fender 68 to absorb or convert energy. It can be seen that between the fender 68 and the wheel installation 64 only a sheet metal 69 is welded or otherwise attached, whereby the cavity filled with foam 70 results. The engine compartment hood with its reinforcement 56 is again denoted by 54. In all of these exemplary embodiments, in which part of the body panel, z. B. the hood, the fender and the like. At the same time a part of the hollow body is, the advantage is also achieved that the subsequent body material is forced will be deformed in a manner similar to the hollow body by folding. Through this the energy destruction is increased again.

FIGS. 10 to 12b show a further novel possible application of the invention, as it is also not known by other means. It works here to attach the bumper, d. H. of the bumper 42, which is not like here usually over two, but over four impact absorbers 43, 43 'with the body is connected. The lower impact absorbers 43 are approximately in the Extension of the end parts 10 of the longitudinal beams 28, the upper impact absorbers 43 ' however, are in the extension of the inside of the fender 68 and the wheel installation arranged energy-absorbing components 50 attached. The bumper 42 is included but designed as an elongated ring with two webs. The impact absorbers 43, 43 'are generally intended to ensure that the vehicle is not damaged, if it hits an obstacle at a speed of, for example, 16 km / h moves. At this speed, the impact absorbers 43, 43 'become accordingly of Fig. 12a deformed. Is the speed with which the krait vehicle is on a If an obstacle hits, greater than 16 km / h - the end parts 10 are then deformed the side rail and components 50 in such a way that no delay spike between the deformation of the impact absorbers 43, 43 'and the end parts 10 or components 50 occurs. As Fig. 12b shows, the deformation continues in the according to the invention formed impact absorbers 43, 43 'and the components 10, 50 approximately uniformly away.

The requirement to destroy energy also applies to the steering system. 13 therefore shows the side view of a motor vehicle in which the longitudinal spindle 75 is highlighted with the steering wheel 76. At 77 the engine block is with 78 denotes the transmission and 79 denotes the cardan shaft.

The steering spindle 75 consists of a hollow profile with a round cross-section, which is filled according to the invention with foam. The steering shaft 75 is therefore able to evenly destroy energy, both part of the energy, which acts from the front on the steering spindle, as well as that which the driver with a Impact accident when hitting the steering wheel 76 is inherent.

In Fig. 14, the longitudinal spindle 75 is only in front of the bracket 80 on the dashboard 81 designed as a tube filled with foam. Between the steering shaft 75 and the steering wheel 76, a so-called impact pot 82 is arranged, which is also According to the invention consists of a hollow body of round cross-section and with foam is filled out.

Because in a frontal collision, a force is exerted on the engine block 77 is exercised, which is thereby moved backwards, it is useful if this Energy through the cardan shaft 79 is at least partially destroyed.

It is therefore also the subject of the invention, the cardan shaft 79 in such a way to be hollow and to be filled with foam so that the energy is approximately evenly distributed converts. It is also prevented that the cardan shaft from its joints pops out and the engine block with gear dean undamped is moved against the passenger compartment.

In Fig. 15 the attachment of the bumper 42 is over the impact absorber 43 shown on the body part 44.

The crash cushion 43 is suitably connected to the bumper 42 connected and has at its other end a flange 85, which by means of a center line of indicated screws 86 is attached to the body part 44. With 10 is again the end part of the longitudinal beam 28 (Fig. 6). The attachment and location of the impact absorber 43 is only shown by way of example and can of course take place in any other way, in particular the shock absorber 43 can be in the extension of the end part 10 lie.

Fig. I5a shows the deformation of the impact absorber 43 when the Vehicle hitting an obstacle at a speed of less than approximately 10 mph crashed. The end part 10 is shown here also deformed, what but only takes place on impact at a higher speed.

16 shows an indicative cross section through a motor vehicle with a front view of the cross member designated 60 in FIGS. 6 and 7. Of the Cross member is either behind the backrests 88 of the front seats 89 or goes through the backrest. The seat cushion is labeled 90. In Fig. 16 are also the vehicle floor 91, the transmission tunnel 92, the vehicle wheels 93 sun the outer body skin 94 indicated. elr cross member 60 is both between the two backrests 88 as well as between these and the respective bodywork; enwLdL provided with sections 62. These sections 62, which are shown in D, also consist, according to the Brfinudung, of a hollow body with foam or the like

is filled out. If there is a side impact against the vehicle, then The outer section 62 in each case is initially deformed by a uniform fold and £ fleergie recording. The energy of the side impact will not be complete destroyed by the outer sections 62, the inner section 62 also occurs accordingly in effect.

Another possible application of the component according to the invention 17 and 17a show, in which the windshield with 100, the windscreen with 101 and the bonnet with 102 are designated. The dashboard 103 is Fastened to a transverse body part 105 via components 104. The components 104 exist according to the invention from a hollow body with a filling made of foam od. The like .. These components 104 can seen across the width at several points be provided. Will they be due to the vehicle occupants being thrown forward When subjected to an impact force, they destroy that which is inherent in the occupant Energy on one for the vehicle occupant harmless way how Fig. 17a shows. In this Fig.

it can be seen that the components 104 are evenly folded together are, thereby destroying them in the energy without a harmful delay spike Location were.

FIGS. 18 and 18a show another possible application, for example of a component designed according to the invention. At 110 is the windshield and 111 denotes the steering wheel. Above the windshield is the roof frame 112 indicated. The driver 113 is on by means of a seat belt system 114 Frame 125 of the backrest 117 strapped. There is a headrest on the latter 118 attached. The frame 125 of the backrest 117 has an upwardly protruding one Extension 120 on.

A damping element is located between the extension 120 and the roof frame 112 121 arranged. This attenuator 121 is designed according to the invention and has the task of ensuring that it is the energy inherent in the driver in the event of a collision destroyed or transformed. In the process, the attenuator 121 is deformed, as shown in FIG. 18a shown. Since the body of the driver 113 is firmly attached to the belt system 114 is connected to the seat, the energy must be absorbed by the backrest 117, which, however, is rotatably mounted at point 122 and is located by means of extension 120 on the attenuator 121 is supported. The attenuator 121 is dimensioned so that it in turn evenly destroys energy without damaging delay peaks.

The invention is of course not related to the illustrated embodiments bound. Rather, it can be used wherever it is useful Possible application results. Also with regard to the component according to the invention both in terms of its training and in terms of its filling the most varied Opportunities given. It is always essential that the one described at the beginning Effect in terms of uniform energy dissipation or conversion achieved will.

In Fig. 19 is a further possible embodiment of the invention Component shown. Another hollow body is located inside the hollow body 130 132 provided.

Filled with a filler giving the effect of the invention However, 134 is only the space between the hollow bodies 130 and 132. Is the Wall of the hollow body i32 in material and thickness about the same as that of the hollow body 130, then the hollow body 132 becomes approximately the same as the hollow body 130 is used for the destruction of energy by means of a uniform folding, such as 19a shows this.

If, however, the wall of the inner hollow body 132 consists of a expandable material, then the inner hollow body, as shown in Fig. 19b, deformed will. The expandable wall 136 allows it when it is deformed a corresponding resistance opposes that the outer hollow body 130 is uniform deformed by folding, but the non-compressible or less compressible filling afterwards can evade inside to maintain their volume.

A force-displacement diagram is shown in FIG. 20. On ordinate 140 the force is plotted on the abscissa 141 the path. The curve 142 results in the case of a component that is not foamed. Ir2an sees that the curve falls off quickly, but has multiple peaks that give a high delay. In FIG. 21, on the other hand, the ideal deceleration curve is fully drawn and at 144 designated. The curve to be achieved with the present invention becomes approximately the Course of the dash-dotted line 145 have.

It is also possible and expedient if in the carrier in the longitudinal direction seen foams of different hardness are introduced. This makes it a progressive Identified the energy consumption achieved, which is important because with different strength Impact the respective existing energy is to be destroyed. A practical one Execution consists z. R. in the fact that different effects simultaneously through three spaced openings are injected.

l> atentwspru'clie

Claims (23)

Claims 1. Used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, A component consisting of a hollow body that is subjected to pressure in the event of an impact accident is stressed and has a cross-section that is substantially from the impact force is fully applied, whereby the component is essentially on the deformed entire cross-section, characterized in that the hollow body (10, 43, 50, 56) with a plastic foam or the like. Is filled. 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that as IC plastic foam a cross-linked rigid foam is used. 3. Component according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the Hollow body (10, 43, 50, 56) is filled with a polyurethane foam. 4. Component according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the Hollow body (10, 43, 50, 56) is foamed. 5. Component according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the Foam is introduced into the hollow body after foaming. 6. Component according to claim 5, characterized in that the foam is introduced into the hollow body in the form of small balls. 7. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic foam in the hollow body has an overpressure generated. 8. Component according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the Hollow body has an angular, in particular square, cross-section. 9. Component according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the Hollow body has a round or elliptical cross section. 10. Component according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the Hollow body made of an easily foldable material, e.g. B. consists of sheet steel. 11. Component according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that for the first fold a predetermined kink (34) is provided. 12. Component according to claim 11, characterized in that as a predetermined kink the filling opening (32) is used. 13. Component according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the largest expansion of the cross section of the hollow body is none than the length of the same. 14. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that parts of the Body panels (64, 68) are used to form the hollow body (50). 15. Bautel according to claim 14, characterized in that parts of the Fender (68) and / or the wheel installation (64) together with an additional Sheet metal part (65, 69) form the hollow body (50). 16. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact damper (43, 43 ') for the attachment of the bumpers (42, 45) approximately in the extension of the Components (i0, 50) are located and are designed with regard to their energy absorption in such a way that that no body damage occurs up to certain impact speeds and no significant delay spike between the deformation of the crash cushions (43, 43 ') and the components (10, 50) occurs. 17. Component according to claim 1 and 14, characterized in that the Engine compartment (54) resp. Luggage compartment lid with additional sheet metal parts to form hollow bodies (56) is provided. 18. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow body (10, 43, 50, 56) consists of at least two Parts is formed by means of the hollow body protruding outwardly flange-like Parts (22) are connected to one another. 19. Component according to claim 18, characterized in that the flange-like Parts with the adjacent body panel on the folding and energy dissipation take part. 20. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that in the hollow body (130) a further hollow body (132) is provided approximately concentrically and only the space between the two hollow bodies (130, 132) with the Fu'llmaterial z. B. Foam or the like. Is filled. 21. Component according to claim 20, characterized in that the walls (136) of the inner hollow body 132) are expandable. 22. Component according to claim 21, characterized in that the walls of the inner hollow body (132) correspond to the walls of the outer hollow body (130). 23. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that seen in the longitudinal direction foams of different hardness are introduced.