DE2222015A1 - SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING AND TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GASES - Google Patents

Description

QUSSTOR CORPORATION
Toledo, Ohio 4369 ^ / USA

Hamburg, the k. May 1972

System and device for the processing and treatment of

Exhaust

The invention relates to a system and a device for processing exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, that works with hydrocarbon fuels. In the device according to the invention, the disturbing or toxic components of the exhaust gases are reduced, oxidized or converted into non-toxic gases or less harmful compounds or elements before the gases are released into the atmosphere.

The device according to the invention is particularly advantageous in connection with an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, which are used as injection drive motors for motor vehicles. It is known that the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, in which a mixture of air and hydrocarbon fuels is burned, unburned hydrocarbons, Contains carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides as well as other gases in various concentrations, and that an emission these gases are harmful and pollute the atmosphere. The undesirable and contributing to air pollution Components in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are known to be the unburned hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Carbon monoxide is harmful because it has toxic properties, and nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons are disruptive in the air because they also react when exposed to the sun's rays subject.

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The invention is based on the object of a system and a device for processing exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine to create with which it succeeds the emission of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere very much or completely turn off.

This task is solved with such a system or a device for processing, treatment, chemical reduction, Oxidation or conversion of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine at elevated temperatures, and the device according to the invention and the system according to the invention stand out characterized in that carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons can be converted or oxidized and nitrogen oxides convert or chemically reduce, and that before the emission of the exhaust gases into the atmosphere, these into non-toxic Gases are converted with which there is no longer any need to fear pollution of the atmosphere «

The device according to the invention or the system according to the invention have a first chamber or zone in which the controlled limited Oxidation occurs and an atmosphere for chemical reduction is created. It is in the device according to the invention a second chamber or zone is available, which may work catalytically, in which the chemical reduction takes place, and there is a third chamber or zone in which further oxidation of the oxidizable substances remaining in the exhaust gases Components takes place.

The device according to the invention is an exhaust pipe system and a system for conducting the exhaust gases, and in this pipe system there is a first zone in which limited oxidation takes place, there is a second zone in which chemical Reduction occurs and there is a third zone in which further oxidation occurs and in the first and third zones an oxygen-containing gas, such as air,

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introduced in controlled, low quantities for support the limited oxidation or combustion of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. In high temperatures or a high supply of heat are provided in the first zone so that conditions are favorable for the conversion of the nitrogen oxides are created and only a partial amount of the carbon monoxide to be converted into non-toxic gases in the second zone, and an oxidation or combustion carried out last takes place in a third zone and is accelerated through the heat generated during the exothermic reaction in the second zone, by means of which the high temperatures are maintained. Leave it the disturbing or toxic components in the exhaust gases are reduced or completely switched off before the gases be discharged into the atmosphere. It can be in the first and third zones to accelerate the combustion of the unburned Hydrocarbons and some of the carbon monoxide preheated Air can be introduced. This allows the necessary for a successful reaction and implementation in the reducing zone Decrease time. The heat generated in the various reactions can also be used to expediently reduce the in preheat air to be introduced into the oxidation zones. Also in in this way the temperature in the various zones can be increased.

The advantages and details of the system and erfindungsgeraässen of the device according to the invention, the mode of operation and function of the components belonging to it and the way in which they work according to the invention The device and the advantages achieved with it are explained below by way of example embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawing. Show it:

Pig. Fig. 1 is a view of part of a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine and an embodiment the device according to the invention, which is attached to it and with which the exhaust gases from the engine be treated,

Figo 2 is a longitudinal section through the exhaust gas treatment device of Fig. 1, wherein the oxidation chambers and a

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Catalytic reduction bed illustrated are,

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged section according to 3-3 of FIG. 2,

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, in which a modified Form for a catalytic reduction bed is shown,

5 shows a longitudinal section through a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention with oxidation chambers, in which a different form of a catalytic reduction bed is shown,

6 shows a section through the device of FIG. 5,

7 shows, in section, a modified embodiment of an inventive Device for the treatment of exhaust gases,

Fig. 8 is an end view of the device shown in Fig. 7,

9 shows a section through another embodiment of a device according to the invention,

FIG. 10 shows a vertical section through the embodiment of FIG. 9,

11 is a view of part of an internal combustion engine with an associated modified embodiment a device according to the invention,

Kige 12 a partial section through an oxidation chamber of the in 11 illustrated device,

13 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment for a Oxidation zone and a catalytic reduction bed in the device of FIG. 11,

FIG. 14 shows a cross section of the illustration shown in FIG. 13,

15 shows an oxidation chamber with an oval profile with an air supply,

Fig. 16 shows a longitudinal section through yet another embodiment the device according to the invention,

17 shows a longitudinal section through another arrangement of oxidation zone and bed construction for the chemical Reduction,

18 shows a section along 18-18 of FIG. 17,

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Pig »19 shows a longitudinal section through yet another training the oxidation chambers and the bed for chemical reduction,

Pig. 20 a cross section through the embodiment of FIG. 19 *

21 shows a plan view of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine V-type, on the one embodiment the device according to the invention with the oxidation zones and sit by the bed for the chemical reduction,

FIG. 22 shows a section along 22-22 of FIG. 21,

25 shows a view of part of an internal combustion engine, on which there is a modified device for the air supply for the treatment of the exhaust gases,

Fig. 24 is a view of an arrangement for the supply of preheated Air to the exhaust gas in the oxidation zones,

FIG. 25 enlarged a section according to 25-25 of FIG. 24,

26 shows a longitudinal section through a modified form of a device according to the invention, in which preheated Air is introduced into an oxidation zone,

Fig. 27 is an enlarged partial view showing the connection of the multiple walls for the exhaust gas and air passages shows,

28 shows a detail from an oxidation zone for exhaust gases with a non-metallic inner lining,

29 shows a longitudinal section of an embodiment of a reactor with non-metallic inner lining,

FIG. JO shows a partial section through part of a cylinder block and cylinder head with an attached thereon according to the invention Contraption,

31 shows a section according to 31-31 of FIG. 30,

32 shows a section through a modified embodiment the device according to the invention,

FIG. 33 shows a section along 33-33 of FIG. 32,

34 is a view of part of an internal combustion engine with a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention arranged thereon,

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35 is a view of part of an internal combustion engine with a device according to the invention arranged thereon Device with a noise-dampening muffler, FIG. 36 a section according to 36-36 of FIG. 35, and Fig. 37 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 3 with a modified device of the type illustrated in FIG. 3.

Although the system according to the invention and the Device illustrated as being particularly suitable for use with an internal combustion engine with reciprocating Piston equipped type for a motor vehicle for the purpose Treatment of the exhaust gases emitted by this machine, it is pointed out that the inventive system and the device according to the invention can also be used for processing and treating exhaust gases from other types of internal combustion engines, for example rotary piston engines is, and that it can also be used to treat exhaust gases from other incomplete burns, and that according to the invention Device can be used anywhere that is desired or required, a more complete oxidation of not burned gases and toxic and harmful components in the exhaust gases to inert or non-toxic gases or ingredients that. not considered to be harmful to the atmosphere or the environment.

The device according to the invention for the treatment of exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine contains an air supply to a first zone in the exhaust gases expelled through the exhaust ducts of the engine, and the Air favors the limited oxidation at high temperature in the first zone, and it becomes one for chemical reduction A suitable atmosphere is created, the hot gases are passed through a reactor and in contact with a catalyst bed brought to the chemical reduction and fed to a third zone, in which the oxidation before the exhaust gases into the atmosphere he follows.

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In Pig. 1 is a schematic part of an internal combustion engine Figure 10 illustrates the reciprocating piston type commonly used to drive Motor vehicles is used. The engine has a cylinder block 11 and a cylinder head 12, and there is a pipe casing thereon 14, the ends of which are closed. The construction of this tubular housing 14 is illustrated in FIGS. Pipe sections 15, the passages, are seated on the pipe housing 14 16 form, through which the exhaust gases from usual exhaust channels in the cylinder head can flow through. The cylinder block shown is one of these from an eight-cylinder V-type engine, and the gases entering the tubular case 14 are from one consisting of four cylinders Group of machine. A tubular housing built in the same way is on the opposite side of the cylinder block provided, and in this get the exhaust gases from the other four cylinders of the machine and are then treated as described below. The ones for the treatment The device required by exhaust gases can be used with machines with any number of cylinders and also with rotary piston machines to be used. The tubular housing 14 has a cylindrical shape Profile, and the exhaust gases flowing through the passages 16 reach a first zone 20 in the tubular housing 14. The die Pipe sections 15 forming passages 16 are advantageously double-walled so that each pipe section has a metallic outer wall 22 and an inner wall 23. It is useful suitable refractory insulation 24 between the walls 22 and 23 to insert. The tubular housing 14 is preferably double-walled and has an inner wall 26 and a metallic outer wall 28, and between the walls 26 and 28 a heat-resistant insulation 30 is arranged «, The insulations 24 and 30 are used when the inventive The device is in operation to reduce heat losses and to keep the exhaust gases at high temperatures, because a high one. Temperature is in the chemical reduction for a possible effective treatment of the gases is essential. The interior walls

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23 and 26 are preferably made of high temperature resistant material, such as stainless steel or any other material that can withstand the high temperatures of the exhaust gases capable of being educated.

It is used to favor limited or partial oxidation of the unburned components in the exhaust gases in the first oxidation zone emanating from the passages 16 and the Zone 20 consists of a regulated supply for a limited amount of an oxygen-containing gas, such as Air is provided in the areas of the exhaust ducts or close to the entry point for the exhaust gases into the passages l6, so that oxidation, albeit limited oxidation, takes place in passages 16 and in zone 20.

By an air pump 32, which is seated on the cylinder block 11 and is driven by a machine or some other suitable device, compressed air can be introduced. Compressed air is from the pump 32 through conduits 3 ^> 36 and 37 lead to manifolds 38 and these extend through the walls the pipe sections I5 through it so that air is fed into the area into which the exhaust gases are expelled from the exhaust ducts of the machine.

The amount of air supplied through the branch pipes 38 is limited and can be controlled by suitable devices, for example by a valve seated ^{in the line 3 2 ^.} Instead of a valve 40, the amount of air or the inflow speed from the branch pipe 38 can also be limited in such a way that pipes of a certain size or chocks with certain opening widths are used. The amount of air supplied through the distribution pipes 38 is limited in order to create an atmosphere for chemical reduction; it is only sufficient that partial or limited oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases takes place in the first zone, as will be described below.

The device contains a material, a metal or an alloy with which the exhaust gases in the zone 20 are brought into intimate contact) this material, metal or alloy acts as a catalyst bed for a chemical reduction in the

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Treatment of exhaust gases. A catalyst bed 42 for a chemical reduction is located in the tubular housing 14 _O. The catalyst bed 42 can consist of metal, a metal alloy, ceramic material or metal-ceramic composite material and can be as a block, in the form of expanded metal, cross-linked, as a mesh or wire mesh or may be in pieces and is preferably held between the inner walls 44 and 46 or mounted on some other support material, as shown in FIGS. In the present description, the term "catalyst" is used for metal, metal alloy, ceramic material, metal-ceramic composite material or another catalytic material.

The walls 44 and 46 are perforated, porous or formed as a mesh fabric, and this allows the gases to flow therethrough from zone 20 through catalyst bed 42 for chemical reduction into third zone 48. The third zone 48 is bounded by the inner wall 44 adjoining the catalyst bed 42 for the chemical reduction. The catalyst accelerates the reaction of the various components in the exhaust gases during chemical reduction. It can for example for chemical reduction a catalyst bed made of copper or copper-containing alloys in the form of lamellae or Bundles or wire or strips or in lump form can be used, so that a large contact area for contact is present with the exhaust gases.

The gases reaching the third zone 48 contain very generally Carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. There are discharge devices for drawing off the gases from the third Zone 48 and discharge into a muffler or direct discharge into the atmosphere available.

Through the walls 26 and 28 to pipe sections 50 extend, constituting a gas passage 51 whose inner end opening is located in the zone 48, as can be seen in "FIGS. 2 and 3. On a part of the pipe piece 50 sits a socket 52, as can be seen in Fig. 3, and thus the connection becomes a

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Exhaust pipe 54 produced. In the case of the one shown in FIG In the embodiment, the gases are passed through the discharge pipe 54 out into a muffler 56 of conventional design. At the muffler pot an exhaust pipe can be attached to blow the gases from the exhaust into the atmosphere.

The zone 48 and the exhaust pipe 54 represent a third zone in which the combustible gases remaining in the exhaust gases after they have passed through the catalyst bed 42, the chemical reduction, are burned or almost completely oxidized. To accelerate the oxidation of the oxidizable constituents still present in the exhaust gases in the third zone and the exhaust pipe 54, an oxygen-containing gas, such as air, is fed to the zone 48. Air pump J52, through which compressed air is fed, can be used as a supply source for supplying the air to the third zone 48. The conduit pipe j54 can be connected to a pipe 60. The pipe 60 has pipe sections 62 which protrude through openings in the closed boundary walls 65 of the pipe housing 14. The amount or rate of flow of the air through the pipe sections 62 of the pipe 60 into the zone 48 can be controlled by suitable means, for example by using a pipe of a certain size, or an adjustable valve 67 such as this. is shown in Fig. 1, installed between the conduit pipes and 60. The air pressure can be varied to modify the air flow rate.

As a result of the feeding of air through the pipe sections 62 into the zone 48, the unburned gas components are oxidized and the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide due to the high temperature of the gases in zone 48 at an increased rate, Part of the oxidation process takes place in the exhaust conduit pipe 54, and consequently the pipe 54 constitutes one Part or the continuation of the third zone 48, the last oxidation "

The device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 operates with copper or a copper alloy as an example of a catalyst

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Chemical reduction tor as follows: The exhaust gases from the hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engine that are exhausted through the exhaust ducts of the engine usually contain carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, some unburned hydrocarbons and other gases. At the exhaust ducts of the engine, the exhaust gases usually have temperatures in the range from about 425 to 76O ⁰ C. If a limited amount of air is fed into the exhaust gases through the branch pipe 38 or close to their emission area from the exhaust ducts of the machine, this takes place in the zone 20, the passages 16 and in the exhaust ducts of the engine oxidation of some of the hydrocarbons. It is essential to limit the amount of air so that a reducing atmosphere is created. This atmosphere, which is suitable for the previous reduction, is set in that a limited amount of oxygen is supplied so that only part of the carbon monoxide gas is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the first combustion zone 20.

It will then be in an atmosphere that is favorable for chemical reduction In a catalyst bed the nitrogen oxides are chemically reduced to nitrogen and further carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide oxidized. For the purpose of practically complete oxidation of the remaining ones oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases is by means of the pump 32 through the pipes 34 * 60 and 62 air into the Zone 48, inserted into the areas shown in Figure 2 in zone 48; the gases in zone 48 are still sufficient high temperatures, so that the oxidation reactions can take place. The gases fed to the muffler 56 and discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 58, consist of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and other gases

FIG. 4 shows, similar to FIG. 3, a modified one in cross section In the form of a catalyst bed for chemical reduction, as it can be installed in a device illustrated in FIG can. The device has a tubular housing l4a with

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Pipe pieces 15a is connected, which have passages 16a, through the exhaust gases from the exhaust ducts of an internal combustion engine of the first oxidation zone 20a, which is an annular Profile has to be fed.

The pipe sections 15a are preferably double-walled, each has an outer wall 22a and an inner wall 23a, and between Insulation 24a which is resistant to high temperatures is located on the walls. The tubular housing l4a is preferably double-walled and consists of an inner wall 26a and an outer wall 28a, and between the walls is one Insulation 30a resistant to high temperatures is arranged.

The inner walls 23a and 26a are made of stainless steel or some other Made of material that is resistant to high temperatures. Branch pipes 38a * one of which is illustrated in FIG are connected to an air pump such as an air pump 32 as shown in FIG. 1, and direct a limited amount of air into the passages 16a, the serves to accelerate the limited oxidation in the first oxidation zone 20a.

Appropriate valves allow air to flow into the passages l6a regulated, or there are branch pipes 38a used with certain desired dimensions in order to limit the air flow. The amount of through the branch pipes 38a supplied air should only be so large that a partial oxidation of the oxidizable components of the exhaust gases in the Zone 20a is effected.

In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 4 is a modified one Built-in catalyst bed 68, which represents a second zone for the treatment of the exhaust gases. In the one shown in FIG Form, the catalyst bed 68 is preferably in the form of a perforated strip or screen that is in a Multitude of windings rolled in on itself so that it is self-supporting. If desired, the catalyst bed also consist of a plurality of cylindrical layers of perforated metal strips or sieves, which are concentrically adjacent are built into an insert body. The catalyst bed

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68 of tubular profile is on the end walls of the tubular housing l4a attached. ·

The catalyst bed 68 encloses a third zone 48a. The gases are evacuated from this third zone 48a by means of a piece of pipe 50a, which extends through openings in the catalyst bed 58, and a socket 52a, which cooperates with the socket of an exhaust gas line pipe 5 ^ a, derived from the third zone 48a. The interior of the pipe sections 50a and 5 ^ -a represents parts or continuations of the third zone 48a. The exhaust pipe may communicate with a muffler (not shown) stand.

By means of an air pump, such as a pump ^ 52, as shown in Figure 1 _o, air over the pipe sections 62a, one of which is shown in Fig. 4 is fed in the zone 48a. The pipe pieces extend into the end region of the zone 48a, as shown in FIG. 2. The amount or flow rate of air to the zone 48a from the pipe sections 62a is regulated so that the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and the oxidation or conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the third zone 48a are facilitated. The amount or the inflow speed of air introduced into the zone 48a can be controlled by valves arranged in the pipe sections 62a, or pipes with specific dimensions can be used.

The function of the device illustrated in Fig. 4 is practical the same as that of the device shown in Fig. J5. By supplying a limited amount of air from the branch pipes 38a in the exhaust is the oxidation of a part of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in zone 20a relieved. It is important to start the oxidation in the first oxidation zone To limit 20a so that some carbon monoxide remains in the gas in zone 20a. The exhaust gases then flow at high temperatures through the perforations or spaces in the catalyst bed 68 in which the nitrogen oxides be reduced.

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Air is supplied to the third zone 48a through pipe sections 62a and accelerates the practically complete oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxidation or conversion from carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The amount or flow rate the air from the pipe pieces 62a in the third zone 48a is regulated by the fact that pipes of certain dimensions may be used or adjustable valves (not shown) may be provided with the pipe sections 52a. The gases will discharged from the third zone 48a through pipe sections 50a and 54a into a muffler (not shown).

Referring to Figures 5 and 6, there is a modified treatment apparatus of exhaust gases which is similar to the embodiment shown in Figs. It's a cylinder block 11b and a cylinder head 12b provided, and to the cylinder head 12b, a pipe housing 14b is attached, which is a cylindrical Has profile and sit on the pipe pieces 15b, the passages l6b for the guidance of the exhaust gases from the exhaust ducts of the machine in the first zone 84 in the tubular housing l4b.

The pipe sections 15b are preferably double-walled, and each has an outer wall 22b and an inner wall 23b, and there is suitable insulation 24b between the walls. If desired, the wall areas of the cylinder head 12b which adjoin the exhaust ducts can be provided with linings 79 made of stainless steel or another material which is resistant to high temperatures.

The tubular housing 14b is preferably double-walled and has an inner wall 26b and an outer wall 28b, and between Insulation 30b made of material resistant to high temperatures is located on the walls. The inner walls 23b and 26b are preferably made of materials that are resistant to high temperatures, such as stainless steel, fire-resistant building materials, ceramic materials or the like made so that they are able to withstand high temperatures.

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A catalyst bed 80 for the chemical reduction extends across the interior of the tubular housing 14b, and preferably the catalyst bed 80 is arranged diagonally inside the tubular housing 14b and extends over the entire length of the tubular housing 14b. The catalyst bed 80 results in a second zone, and the interior of the tubular housing is thereby divided into a first zone 84 and a third zone 86. After the chemical reduction treatment, the gases flowing through the perforated catalyst bed 80 pass into the third zone 86. On the pipe housing 14b there are pipe sections 50b which have gas passages 51b which are provided with an exhaust pipe 5 ^ b for guiding the exhaust gases from the third zone 86 into a noise-damping muffler (not shown).

For the purpose of limited oxidation of the unburned components of the exhaust gases in the pipe sections 15b and the first zone 84 a limited amount of air is then fed to the exhaust gas in the area of the exhaust ducts of the machine. It there are air feed pipes 37b, which are connected via a conduit 36b with a pump, as shown as pump 32 in FIG or any other source of compressed air stand. Through branch pipes 8b connected to the conduit pipes 37b, the air is supplied to the area of the Exhaust ducts fed.

The amount of air or the rate of delivery through the distribution pipes 38b is limited, either by using air supply pipes with certain dimensions, or by adjustable valves such as valve 40 shown in FIG. 1 are provided. The amount or The flow rate in air must be set so that only a limited oxidation is effected in zone 84. The catalyst bed 80 in the second zone has properties such as that the flow of exhaust gases through the openings or spaces in the catalyst bed in the chemical Reduction is facilitated.

For the purpose of oxidizing the gases in the third zone 86, the gas passages 51b and the exhaust gas line pipe 54b, compressed air is supplied to the zone through air supply pipes 88. The supply

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Processing tubes 88 extend through one of the end walls 65b of the tube housing, and protrude longitudinally a certain distance into the tube housing, as can be seen in FIG. The section of the conduit pipe 88 which is located in the interior of the zone 86 has a large number of openings or perforations 90 * through which the air can be discharged into the zone 86 and distributed. ^{The part 88 f of} the air conduit tube 88, which is located outside the tubular housing 14 b, has no openings, is imperforate and is connected to an air pump, as shown as pump 32 in FIG. 1. The air flow to the zone 86 is regulated by means of valves (not shown) or controlled by using pipes 88 * of certain dimensions.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 of the erfindurigsgemässen Apparatus operates similarly to the apparatus shown in Figures 2 and J5. Via the branch pipes 38b there is a limited amount of air at the junctions of the exhaust ducts added to the exhaust gases, so that a limited oxidation takes place in the passages 16b and the first zone 84.

The gases flow through the chemical reduction bed, which is the second zone, and enter the third zone 86 and the gas passage 51b. Air is introduced through the air supply pipe 88 with a controlled inflow amount, and this causes the oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases in the zone 86 and the passage 51b. This ensures that the processed gases are fed to a muffler and then released into the outside atmosphere be discharged, consist of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water and other gases, so that they are not harmful Represent contaminants to the atmosphere.

In the Flg. 7 and 8 is a further embodiment of the invention Illustrates apparatus which includes a chemical reduction catalyst bed. On the cylinder block lic sits a cylinder head 12c on which an elongated

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Sheet 82 is attached. The fastening means (not shown) are seated in openings 93 in the sheet metal 92. On the sheet metal 92 pipe pieces 95 * 96 and 97 sit on., which have a knee-shaped profile, as shown in FIG.

The pipe sections 95 * 96 and 97 are designed so that they Runs 99 * 100 and 101 for those of a group of four Cylinders of the machine represent coming exhaust gases. If it's an eight cylinder machine, that's for the other four cylinders on the cylinder head have the same sheet metal 92 with pipe sections with a knee-shaped profile. The walls delimiting the passages 99 and 101 have round cross-sections and the wall delimiting the passage 100 has an elongated profile.

The walls forming the passages 99 * 100 and 101 converge, as illustrated in FIG. 7, and are replaced by a Pipe section IO8 connected to one another, to which a gas guide pipe 110 is attached. Limit the converging walls a chamber 112, in each pipe section 95 * 96 and 97 *, preferably below the bent part of these pipe sections, is one second zone, which is designed as a catalyst bed II6, is present. The catalyst can be made of porous, perforated or lumpy material. The catalyst bed is II6 tightly fitted in the passage so that the gases in passages 99 * 100 and 101 pass through the catalyst bed II6 flow before they enter chamber 112. The chamber 112 is behind the catalyst beds II6, in which the chemical Reduction takes place, located.

The catalyst bed II6 serves as a catalyst or reducing agent at high temperatures. The catalyst bed II6 can consist of rolled metal mesh or be formed from layers or strips so that a large surface area is available for contact with the exhaust gases. The passages 99 * 100 and 101 as well as the chamber 112 are advantageous double-walled, as shown in Fig. 7, and formed from stainless steel or the like material, and between the walls there is an insulation 120 made of heat-resistant material, which reduces heat loss and the Gases in the passages and the chamber are kept at high temperatures. 309844/0764

A limited amount of air is introduced into passages 99 * 100 and 101 at the points where the exhaust gases enter or close to them, so that limited oxidation takes place in passages 99, 100 and 101. An air supply pipe 122 is arranged next to the sheet metal 92, on which pipe branches 124 are located, which extend into or through the passages 99i 100 and 101 and through which air is supplied into this area into which the exhaust gases from the exhaust ducts of the engine are introduced . The air supply pipe 122 is connected via a line pipe J> 6c to an air pump, which corresponds to the air pump shown at 32 in FIG. 1, and compressed air is thus supplied to the pipe branches 124. An adjustable valve 40c is attached to the line pipe 36c , and thus the amount of air supplied to the pipe branches can be controlled or limited. The air introduced through the pipe branches 124 is only sufficient to cause limited oxidation in the passages 99 s, 100 and 101 representing the first zone with certain dimensions or the pressure of the air that is supplied to the lines is modified.

For the supply of the air into the chamber 112, which represents the third zone, an air supply pipe 128 is provided, on which pipe branches I30, which extend into the chamber 112 and preferably close to the catalyst beds II6, are located. The pipe branches IJO serve to distribute the air in the chamber 112. The air supply pipe 128 is connected to an air pump via a pipe 60c, and air is supplied to the chamber 112 with the pump _β

It can be an adjustable valve 67c be present _e The air stream can also be through the use of pipes of specific dimensions limit or control for the adjustment of the chamber 112 the supplied amount of air or the flow rate. The amount of air introduced into the chamber 112 is adjusted so that in the chamber 112 representing the third zone and in the

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Gas conduit 110, which is a continuation of the third zone in chamber 112, practically complete oxidation of the unburned gases and a conversion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide takes place.

The operation of the device shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is the same as that of the device shown in FIGS. The amount of air supplied to the passages 99, 100 and 101 forming the first zones is limited so that the oxidation in these zones is _limited.It is essential that only part of the carbon monoxide in the passages 99, 100 and 101 oxidizes to carbon dioxide so that some carbon monoxide remains, with which the chemical reduction of the nitrogen oxides is carried out.

A further oxidation of the oxidizable oasis takes place in the in the third zone located in the chamber 112, so that the through a muffler (not shown) attached to the gas pipe 110 is seated, the exhaust gases discharged consist essentially of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and other gases.

9 and 10 is a further embodiment of the inventive Device illustrated. An elongated flange piece is seated on the cylinder head 12d of the cylinder block lld 134 with openings 136 serving to receive fastening means (not shown). Welded to the flange piece 134 or in one piece with it are knee-shaped tubes I38, 139, 140 and 141, as illustrated in FIG. 10, each of which forms a first zone 144. On each of these pipes I38, 139 * l4o and l4l is an extension piece 146, and this is connected to tubes 148, 149, 150 and I5I, each of which has a third zone 153 enclosing; «-

The tubes converge to a manifold 152 through which the exhaust gases be fed to a muffler (not shown) «. The interior of the Samrael tube 152 forms the extension of the third Zone 153.

In each of the extension pieces 146 there is a disc 155 with a central opening 156 _e.

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Pieces and carried by the annular disc 155 is an annular reduction bed 158 is provided, which is made of porous, perforated or screen openings or mesh fabric representing metallic catalyst material. The middle one free space 157 in each reduction bed is in line with the Central opening 156 of the annular disks 155. Each reduction bed provides a second zone for chemical reduction represent.

At the upper ends of the central passages in each of the reduction beds 158 there is a top cover 160. The outer diameter of the reduction beds I58 is significantly smaller than the inner diameter of the extension piece 146, so that there is an annular space passage 152 for the gas that represents an extension of the adjacent I ₀ zone 144. An air supply 168 with pipe branches 17O is present along the flange piece Γ54. The pipe branches extend through each of the zones 144 and preferably extend into the outlets 166 for the exhaust gases flowing out of the cylinder head 12d. They serve to feed a limited amount of air into the first Zones,

The air supply I68 is via a pipe 36d with a Connected to the air pump, by means of which air is fed to the branch pipes 170. “A valve can be installed in the line pipe J56d for balancing the first zone 144 and the outputs I66 there must be a limited amount of air to be supplied to the exhaust gases of the machine «,

The amount of air introduced through the manifolds 17Ο Is only so large that partial or limited oxidation of the oxidizable components present in the exhaust gases in each of the first zones 144 and their port setting 166 takes place Instead of the valve, the air can be released by using with certain dimensions built air supply pipes are limited,

For the supply of air into the third zone 153 * in which the Exhaust gases that have passed through the reduction bed I58 are oxidized in order to remove the unburned constituents

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To implement le, an air supply pipe Yf ^ is present which, as shown in FIG. 10, pipe branches I76 with sections 177 which protrude into the central free space 157 of the reduction bed 158. The pipe sections 177 are used to feed air into the third zones 153 and the central free spaces 157 located next to the reduction beds unburned hydrocarbons and an oxidation or conversion of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide required amount of air is added to the gases after they have passed through the reduction beds 158. An adjustable valve corresponding to the valve 67 in PIg ₀ 1 can be provided, with which the air quantities flowing into the zones 153 can be limited and regulated; the inflowing air can optionally be regulated by using pipes of certain dimensions or by modifying the pressure of the incoming air Zone oxidation occurs so that the treated gases discharged into the muffler or atmosphere are essentially free of toxic or noxious gases or constituents.

In FIGS _e 11 to 14 is a modified embodiment of an inventive device illustrated The internal combustion engine I80 shown in FIG ₀ 11 has a cylinder block 181 and a cylinder head 182, and to the cylinder head 182 sits a tubular housing to I85 having a flange I87 and a plurality of connecting pipes I88, I89 and 190 through which the pipe housing I85 is connected to the flange I87.

The flange I87 is secured with suitable fasteners (not shown) attached to the cylinder head 182. The exhaust gases from the pipe housing 185 reach the pipe housing 185 shown in FIG Part of the cylinder block I8I located four cylinders, The Cylinder block is part of a V8 cylinder engine, and a

309844/0764

ne such arrangement of a pipe housing I85, flange and the pipelines for the gas is present on the opposite side of the cylinder block. and which are provided with connecting gams I88, I89 and I90, into the interior 194 of the tubular housing I85. At a distance from the tubular housing I85, a reactor 1 & 6 is arranged, which is shown in section in FIGS. and 14 is shown. The tubular housing 185 is connected to the reactor 196 via a connecting pipe 198, as can be seen from FIG. 11.

From FIG. 13 it can be seen that the reactor I96 has a housing 197 in which a catalyst bed 200, which constitutes a second zone and in which the chemical reduction is effected, contains. The catalyst bed is spaced from the end walls of the housing and serves in conjunction with the end walls to delimit chambers 204 and 206. The end walls of the reactor 196 are provided with inlet pipe 208 and outlet pipe 209, respectively. The inlet pipe 208 is connected to the connecting pipe I98, and the outlet pipe 209 is provided with a pipe for discharging the exhaust gases from the housing 197 into a muffler, 212, from which the treated gases are expelled through a conventional exhaust pipe 214 into the outside atmosphere, connected « The channels 192, the interior 194 of the tubular housing I85, the connecting pipe 198 and the chamber 204 in the housing 197 form a first zone in which the limited oxidation takes place. the Chamber 206 in housing 197 and outlet pipe 209 and conduit pipe 210 form a third zone.

A limited amount of air is supplied through an air supply 216, which is arranged near the pipe housing I85 and through pipe branches 218 attached to this air supply 216, which extend through openings in the walls of the connecting passages 188, 189 and 190, as shown in FIGS 12 is supplied to the exhaust gases in the vicinity of the exhaust ports from the engine.

309844/07 6 4

The air supply 216 is connected via a connecting pipe 220 to a pipe 221 which is connected to an air pump 222, the can be driven by the machine or by other drive means, is connected. An adjustable valve 223 may cooperate with pipes 220 and 221 to limit the flow of air to the area of the exhaust port openings or to restrict. The amount of air supplied through the pipe branches 218 is only so large that it is limited Oxidation of the oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases in the first zone, which come from the ducts 192, the interior 194, the connecting tube I98 and the chamber 204 in the housing 197 is formed, took place

As can be seen in particular from Figures 13 and 14, air is drawn into the chamber 206 located to the right of the catalyst bed 200, which represents the third zone, through an inlet pipe 224 which extends through an opening in the wall of the housing 197 ¹ and preferably runs out into a curved part 225, introduced into the third zone in order to bring about the oxidation therein The air flow through the pipe branches 218 and through the inlet pipe 224 can be regulated by using pipes with certain dimensions, in which case the valves 223 and 228 can be omitted.

React in the catalyst bed 200, which represents the second zone At the high temperatures of the exhaust gases, certain components in the gases and become inert and not harmful Connections converted. If the material 2j50 des Catalyst bed 200 is in a lumpy or loose state, it can be arranged between perforated or porous supports 232. The supports 232 can be perforated sheets or screens Stainless steel or the like that can withstand high temperatures.

09844/0764

The connecting passages 188, I89, 19O, the tubular housing I85, the Connecting pipe I98 and housing 197 are, as illustrated, preferably double-walled. The inner walls can be made of stainless steel, ceramic building material or other heat-resistant Materials exist. The distance between the walls can be made with heat-resistant insulation 235 * such as Mineral fibers, refractory materials or the like must be filled. Due to the double wall construction with the one in between arranged insulation, heat losses are kept low and the gases in the chambers and corridors are at a higher level Temperature held.

The device shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 works, for example, when using a copper alloy as a catalyst, as follows: A limited amount of air is introduced through the manifolds 218 near the exhaust ducts, and in the first zone, which consists of the channels 192, the interior 194 of the tubular housing 185, the connecting pipe I98 and the chamber 204 is formed in the housing 197, limited oxidation occurs, and thereby the unburned hydrocarbons and part of the carbon monoxide is oxidized. The gases then flow through the catalyst bed at a high temperature 20Oo In contact with the catalytic converter, chemical reduction takes place, and the nitrogen oxides are converted or chemically reduced*

The gases with high temperatures reach the third zone in the chamber 206 because of the reduction and conversion reactions run exothermic in the catalyst bed 200. In this third zone in the chamber 206 there is practically complete oxidation.

In Fig. 15, a portion of a reactor housing 238 is shown which is constructed similarly to the housing 197, but with the difference that it has an oval profile. It's a modified one Air supply for introducing the air into the third zone 240 in the housing 238 there is an air introduction pipe 224e

309844/0764

- Comes in conjunction with an air pump, such as those at 222 in Fig. 11 is shown. A U-shaped air distribution tube 242 is at its loop part 243 with the introduction pipe 224e tied together.

The parallel leg pieces 244 extend through the double wall of the housing 238 and substantially across the Inside of the oval case. In the leg pieces 244 openings 246 are provided through which the air into the third Zone is distributed within the '238 housing. The barely between the double walls of the housing 2j8 is preferably filled with insulating material 248 so that heat losses remain low and the temperature in the third zone 240 is kept high for the oxidation.

The inner wall 249 can consist of stainless steel, refractory material or other material which is resistant to high temperatures. The oxidation in the third zone 240 runs in the chamber 206 of Fig. 13 * and are thereby remaining unburned hydrocarbons and Kohlenraonoxyd shares (not shown) in the exhaust gases after their passage iurch the second zone for the chemical reduction of practically completely oxidized before exhaust gases are discharged into a muffler or into the atmosphere.

In fig. 16 is yet another modified embodiment of a illustrated device according to the invention. It is an internal combustion engine 252 with a cylinder block 253 and a cylinder head 254 is shown. Near the cylinder head 254 and arranged in the longitudinal direction to this, a tubular housing 256 is present, on which a flange 258 with a plurality of Pipe sections 260, 261 and 262 are seated, which serve to connect the flange 258 to the pipe housing 256. The flange 258 is secured by means of fasteners (not shown) which pass through openings 264 in the flange 258, connected to the cylinder head 254. Get into the tubular housing 256 the exhaust gases from four cylinders on one side of the cylinder block 253 "In a V8 engine, an equal input

309844/07 64

direction with pipe housing 256, Plansch 258 and pipe sections 260, 261 and 262 are provided on the opposite side of the cylinder block 255 into which the exhaust gases from the other four cylinders reach.

The pipe housing 256 is round in section, and the exhaust gases flow through passages in the pipe sections 260, 26l and 262 into the interior of the chamber 268 in the pipe housing 256j pipe lengths and chamber form a first zone. The end of the tubular housing 256 is designed as an elbow 27O, and this is connected to an arcuate housing, which preferably has a round cross-section with an opposite to the Diameter of the chamber 268 of the tubular housing 256 has a larger diameter.

The tubular housing 256 and the arcuate housing 272 are preferred double-walled with outer walls 275 and inner walls educated. In the space between the walls there is heat-resistant insulating material 276, which is used to reduce which is used for heat loss and keeps the exhaust gases at high temperatures.

Within the arcuate housing 272 is a catalyst bed 278 that is annular in cross-section. The catalyst bed represents a second zone. The catalyst bed extends longitudinally in the housing 272 and is formed in an arc-shaped concentric therewith. As a result, a channel with an annular cross-section is present , which also forms part of the first zone. Due to the annular cross-section of the catalyst bed 278, there is a central channel 282 and this forms the third zone. The lower end of the annular channel 280 is closed by a plate 284.

A pipe 286 is seated on the closure plate 284, through which the treated exhaust gases are discharged to a muffler or to the atmosphere are fed. The inner region 287 of the tube 286 and the central channel 282 represent the third zone in which the still existing unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide components are oxidized, so that they are harmless and non-polluting acting gases are discharged into the atmosphere.

309844/0764

$ AD ORIGINAL

The limited oxidation of unburned components in the exhaust gases is in the first zone, coming out of the chamber 268 of the tubular housing 256 and the annular channel 28O surrounding the catalyst bed 278 is effected by means of a limited amount of air that is fed into the pipe sections 260, 26l and 262 in the area of the exhaust ducts. Along of the cylinder head 254, an air supply pipe extends 289 which is in communication with manifolds 290 that extend into the pipe sections 260, 261 and 262. The air supply pipe 289 stands via a pipe 292 with a pump in the manner of the air pump shown in FIG. 1 at 32 or in connection with another source of compressed air. In the pipeline 292 there can be an adjustable Valve 294 be present, with which the amount of through the Pipe branches 290 released into the pipe sections 26O, 26l and 262 Air can be regulated in such a way that an atmosphere is formed in the first zone, as it is for chemical reduction can be used in the second zone. Instead of the valve 294, pipes with certain dimensions can be used to limit the air flow into the first zone. The limited amount of air is only so great that it is necessary to carry out the limited oxidation of unburned Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the chamber 268 of the tubular housing 256 and the channel 280 can serve. In the central channel 282 formed by the catalyst bed 278, the third zone, air is introduced through a pipe 298 which by a closure plate 296 covering the top of the catalyst bed 278 covers and closes, enters the central channel 282. The tube 298 is connected to a tube 292, the is associated with an air pump. To set the third zone, which is used by the central channel 282 and the inner region 287 of the tube 286 is formed, supplied air, a valve 299 may be present. Wish «, if necessary, the air flow to the third zone can be achieved by using of supply pipes with a certain dimension to adjust the amount of air supplied to the central duct 282

Μ> ίνΛ. .309844 / 0764

- ar -

«The catalyst bed 278 is designed in such a way that the chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases and the oxidation of carbon monoxide takes place with the formation of nitrogen or carbon dioxide «,

The catalyst bed consists of porous material, open mesh or is in the form of pieces so that the exhaust gases can flow radially from the annular channel 280 into the central channel 282. The catalyst material for the chemical reduction can be applied to supports, for example as a metallic inner wall 300 and outer wall 301j the walls are porous or provided with perforations so that the gas flow is easier _e The operation of the device illustrated in Fig. 16 is similar to that of the previous one A limited amount of air is introduced into the chamber 268 through pipe branches 290 so that an atmosphere favorable for the chemical reduction is established in the chamber 268 and the channel 280.

In the central channel 282 and the inner region 287 of the pipe 286 are essentially all of the unburned hydrocarbons, which are in the gases after they have flowed through the catalyst bed and the reduction zone, oxidized and the Carbon monoxide is converted or oxidized to carbon dioxide, and for this purpose, air is supplied to the central duct 282 through the pipe 298. In this way they become harmful and poisonous Components in the exhaust gases are practically completely eliminated.

In Figs. 17 and 18, another embodiment is one illustrated device according to the invention, and are therein at least part of a first zone, the bed constituting the second zone and part of the third zone in one housing arranged, which is provided with a pipe feed, in which the exhaust gases coming from the machine come. It is a substantially cylindrical elongated housing 304 with end pieces 305 and 306 with reduced diameter available; in

3098 4 A / 076 U

the end piece 305 opens into a gas inlet pipe 308, and that End piece j5O6 is provided with a gas discharge passage 309. Housing 304 and end pieces 305 and 306 are preferred double-walled with an outer wall 3IO and an inner wall 311 * which are at a distance from each other. Between the walls is resistant to high temperatures Insulating material 312 arranged, reducing heat losses reduced and the gases in the housing are kept at high temperatures.

The end piece 305 can with the outlet end of an elongated tubular housing, receiving the exhaust gases and takes place in the limited combustion, according to the tube housing shown in Figure "11 185, may be connected ₀ The zone 314 formed by the design of the end piece 305 gas introduction passage 308 and a The pipe into which the exhaust gases from the engine are discharged form a first zone ₀

Inside the housing 3O ² I- is a bed 316 which has an annular cross-section and which constitutes a second zone in which chemical reduction takes place. The bed 316 extends part of the length of the housing 304 and terminates at one end approximately in the middle of the housing. The interior region 318 formed by the annular profile of the bed and the gas outlet passage 309 constitute a third zone.

The end of the bed 316 located at the gas outlet is exactly opposite the inner wall 3II of the housing adapted. The opposite The end of the inner area 318 is, as can be seen in Fig. I7, The exhaust gases in of the first zone 314 flow through an annulus 322, the Surrounding bed 316 into the second zone and radially inward from there through the bed material into the one located in the inner area 318 third zone »

In the end plate 320 there is an opening into which an air supply pipe 324 is precisely fitted. The pipe 324 corresponds to tube 298 in FIG. 16 and is in communication with an air delivery device, for example an air pump 32 shown in Fig. 1. The through the pipe 324 in the interior

3098U / 0764

- 489 -

area J5l8 introduced amount of air can through a valve, corresponding to the valve 67 in Fig. 1, or the air flow can be regulated by opening the pipe J524-in a certain dimension is used. The material or catalyst present in bed 316 is designed in such a way that the high temperatures of the exhaust gases cause the chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides. The material for the bed can consist of packings or piles of porous material, matted structures or strips with Sieblö'cherung as well as in the form of individual particles or fragments are present.

The material for the bed J516 can be held between an outer wall 326 and an inner wall 328. The walls 526 and 328 are perforated or porous or consist of self-supporting sieves, so that the flow of gases and intimate contact with the material of the bed JI6 are favored. The end piece j5O6 of the housing j5O4 is connected to a discharge pipe JftO, through which the treated exhaust gases are fed to a muffler or discharged directly into the atmosphere.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Figures 17 and 18 _e corresponding to that of the devices described so far. In the first zone, which consists of the feed pipe for the exhaust gases, the gas inlet duct J5O8 and the zone J \ k of the housing J5O4, a lim "·., Fourth amount of air is introduced and the limited oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the As a result of the oxidation in zone Jl4, the gases, when flowing radially through bed J5l6 and in intimate contact with the bed material which forms the second zone, have high temperatures. the chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides, as previously explained. Remaining unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are almost completely oxidized in the inner region 318 of the third zone, to which a certain amount of air is supplied through the air supply pipe J2h

3098U / 0764

Treated inner area 3l8, the oxidation zone, flowing off Exhaust gases essentially consist of free nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water and other gases.

A further embodiment of a device according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20. There is a reactor 332 which can be connected to a pipe that receives the exhaust gases from the machine. It consists of a substantially cylindrical elongated housing 334 having end walls 355> one of which is designed to receive an insertion tube 336 and the other with a tubular outlet.

The introduction pipe 336 is connected to a pipe ^{receiving the exhaust gases via a pipe 3 2} JO, as is shown as pipe housing I85 in FIG. 11. A limited amount of air is introduced into the exhaust gases in the pipe through a manifold as shown at 218 in FIG. 11, before the exhaust gases are fed to the reactor 332 through the channel 339 in the inlet pipe 336 and into the zone in the housing 33 ^ be directed.

The zone 338, the channel 339 in the inlet pipe 336, the pipeline 3 ^ 0 and the pipe housing receiving the exhaust gases form a first zone. The air added to the exhaust gas in the tubular housing is limited, so that limited oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide takes place in the tubular housing, the channel 339 and the zone 338. The housing 334 as well as the insertion tube 336 and the outlet 337 are preferably formed from inner and outer walls, and the space formed by the distance between these walls is ^{filled with high-temperature-resistant insulating material 3 2} H, such as mineral fibers, or the like. The cylinder inner wall 331 and the inner end walls 333 are preferably made of stainless steel, ceramic material or other material that is resistant to high temperatures. In the longitudinal direction within the housing 33 ^ a catalyst bed 3 ^ 3 is arranged, which represents a second zone “The bed

30984 4/0764

extends transversely through the interior of the housing, as can be seen from Pig, 20. In this way, the first zone 338 and the third zone 3 ^ 5 are delimited. The material from which the catalyst bed 3 ^ 3 consists is selected so that carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide and chemical reduction or conversion of the nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen takes place.

The oxidation in the first zone 338 is so limited that one an atmosphere favorable to the former reduction is formed. The catalyst bed 3 ^ 3 can be made of porous material, sieve fabrics or in the form of individual particles, so that large contact surfaces are created for the gas and the inflow of gases from the first zone 338 as well as the flow through the bed, which represents the second zone, and the outflow into the third zone 3 ^ 5 can be done without difficulty. In the illustrated Embodiment is the bed 3 ^ 3 between two load-bearing walls 3 ^ 7 and 3 ^ 8 that are porous or in the form of perforated sheet metal.

The load-bearing walls 347 and 3 ^ 8 are made of stainless steel or other material resistant to high temperatures. Air is introduced into the third zone 3 ^ 5, by those to support the further oxidation of the remaining unburned hydrocarbons and the conversion or oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide-serving air is introduced.

The end wall 335 of the housing 33 ^ · has an opening into which a Tube 352, which corresponds to tube 60 in FIG. 1, is inserted exactly matching. The tube 352 is in communication with a Air pump, which corresponds to the lift pump 32 in FIG. 1, and is supplied by the air to the third zone 3 ^ 5. The amount the air introduced into zone 3 ^ 5 is adjusted so that practically complete oxidation of the oxidizable components present in the exhaust gases takes place. The air inflow can be regulated by a valve, such as the valve 67 in FIG. 1, or by a certain dimensioning of the tube 552 will.

309844/0764

The part of the tube 352 which protrudes into the zone 3 ^ 5 has a number of spaced apart openings 35 ^ i through which the air is distributed within the third zone 3 ^ 5 will. The treated exhaust gases are from the third zone 3 ^ 5 through the exhaust duct 356 and a discharge pipe 357 discharged into a (not shown) muffler. The third zone consists entirely of the area 3 ^ 5, the outlet channel 356 and the tube space of the tube 357, since the oxidation inside of the pipe 357 can continue to run.

The mode of operation of the device shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is the same as previously described. A limited amount of air is added to the exhaust gases in which they are ingested Pipe housing is added by pipe branches as shown at 290 in Fig. 16, and it is in this pipe housing, in the pipe 3 ^ 0 * in the channel 339 and the zone 338 reached a limited oxidation.

At high temperatures, the exhaust gases flow through the bed 3 ^ 3 * which is the second zone, and reaction takes place in it or reduction, as explained above, and then is in the third zone 3 ^ 5, into the air through the openings 35 ^ of the tube 352 is initiated, the oxidation of the Completes oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases.

In Figs. 21 and 22, a modified embodiment is one device according to the invention for the treatment of Auspuffgas.en, which consist of two cylinder groups on a V-type machine originate. It will be the exhaust gases from both cylinder groups passed into a single reactor consisting of a reactor having two catalyst beds. In Fig. 21 is a conventional V-type engine 359 with an engine block 360 and cylinder heads 36I, one for each group of cylinders.

On each of the cylinder heads 361 is an elongated tubular housing 362 fastened The pipe housings are designed the same as each other. Each tubular housing has passages 364 through which the

309844/0764

Exhaust gases from the exhaust ducts into those in the pipe housing
existing chambers are introduced. Alongside and in the vicinity of each cylinder head 36I extends an air supply 366, on which branch pipes 368 are seated and which extend into the
Passages 364 extend and through which the air is supplied to the exhaust gases in the vicinity of the exhaust passages.
Each air supply 366 is connected to a valve 370 via a conduit 369, and the valve is in communication with
a main air line 371 * the main air line is connected to the outlet 372 of a machine-driven air pump
32f. The amount of air supplied through the branch pipes 368 to the exhaust gases in the vicinity of the exhaust ducts is limited, so that limited oxidation of the oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases takes place within the chambers present in the pipe housing 372, as was previously the case in connection with other embodiments of the device according to the invention was explained.

The amount of air or the air flow rate can be limited by means of the valve 370 or by using pipes of certain dimensions or by correspondingly dimensioning the pipe fittings. At a distance from the tubular housing 362 is a
Reactor 373 arranged, which has a housing 374, which is shown in FIG. The housing 374 is preferably elongated with a circular cross-section and has end walls 375 that have gas inlet passages 377.

The housing and the end walls are preferably made up of inner walls 379 and outer walls 38O with a high-temperature-resistant one arranged in between Insulating material 382 to reduce heat loss and maintaining the high temperatures of the exhaust gases. As seen in Fig. 22, the left end portion is of the housing 374 designed in the form of a chamber 384, and a conduit communicating with the tubular housing 362 is connected to the gas inlet passage 377 * which is open to the chamber 384 "A pipe 387 connected to the opposite Side of the tubular housing 362 is in communication, is connected with the gas inlet passage 377 at the right end of the

309844/0764

housing 374, as can be seen from FIG. It is used to supply exhaust gases to a chamber 388 on the right End is present in the housing 374.

As illustrated in FIG. 22, there are two in the housing 374 Catalyst beds 389 and 390 arranged in one certain distance from the center of the housing, so that the middle part is designed as a chamber 39 ^. Bed 389 is preferred held between two perforated or porous plate or screen walls 391, and the bed 390 is also between two perforated or porous walls or screens 392 held The walls 391 and 392 are made of high temperature resistant Material such as stainless steel, refractory or ceramic or any other material of this type. A gas outlet pipe 396 attaches to the central chamber 394 * The catalyst in the beds 389 and 390 can be made of the same material as before for the other embodiments of the invention Device described exist. Chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen takes place in the beds. A limited amount of air is supplied from the pump 32f to the central chamber 394, the oxidation zone. The air inlets 398 are inserted into the Chamber 394 is arranged protruding and with a pipe piece 399 tied together. The pipe piece 399 is via a pipe 400 with an adjustable valve 401, and the valve has a pipe 402 Connection to the main air line 371 * which supplies the compressed air from the air pump 32f receives. Those located within the housing 374 Parts of the air supply lines 398 have openings 4o4 provided, through the air inside the chamber 394 * the the third Zone represents, is distributed.

The device shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 operates like the devices described above, by means of the the branch pipes 368 supplied to the pipe housing 362 limited Amount of air is limited oxidation of the oxidizable components present in the exhaust gases within the pipe housing 362, the line 385 * the pipe 387 and the chambers 384 and 388, which represent a first zone, and as a result of the oxidation, the gases in this zone are at high temperatures.

30984A / 0764

The gases pass through beds 389 and 390, which is the second Represent zone, and therein takes place the chemical reduction, in which, as described above, the reduction or conversion the nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen takes place. The remaining oxidizable components in the exhaust gases are in the third zone, consisting of the chamber 394, the gas outlet pipe 396 and the pipe 397 * that for the discharge of the treated Exhaust gases to a (not shown) muffler is used, consists.

In Fig. 23 a part of a machine block 407 is attached to it existing cylinder head 4o8 shown. A pipe housing 410 is attached to the cylinder head by means of a flange 4ll and (not shown) Fasteners attached. The tubular housing is advantageously double-walled and with highly heat-resistant insulation between the walls, as previously described for other embodiments of the device according to the invention, educated. In the cylinder head 408 there are ducts 412 which were cut out when the cylinder head was formed. The tubular housing 410 has a hollow interior 4l4 which forms part of the first zone in which the limited oxidation takes place. forms.

The wall 415 of the tubular housing 410 which is one surface of the cylinder head has openings 416, one of which is shown in FIG can be seen through the channels 412 in the cylinder head incoming exhaust gases flow into the interior 4l4 in the tubular housing 410. In the embodiment shown in FIG is a gas line pipe 418 with the pipe housing 410 connected through which the exhaust gases are fed to a reactor, for example a reactor illustrated in Fig. 13, which contains a catalyst bed in which nitrogen oxides are converted to free nitrogen, as previously in connection has been described with other embodiments. If desired, the tubular housing 410 can contain a catalyst bed, contain a zone for limited oxidation and a third zone, as shown in Figs. With such a

309844/0764

418

Training would serve the gas discharge pipe / treated Feed gases to a muffler.

The cylinder head 408 is inside with a longitudinally arranged one Corridor or channel 420 and associated branch channels 422 are provided, which are molded or cast into the cylinder head and which serve to supply a limited amount of air to the exhaust gases in the ducts 412 in the cylinder head. At the inlet end of the channel 420, a pipe connection 424 is attached in the cylinder head, e.g., one with an internal thread provided opening in the cylinder head. The connection is established via the pipe connection 424 and a pipe 425 made with the outlet end of a machine driven air pump 32g. ^

It is essential that the in the interior 4l4 of the tubular housing 410 introduced amount of air is limited so that limited oxidation of the oxidizable present in the exhaust gases Components in the interior 4l4 takes place, otherwise the catalyst bed is not able to work so that the chemical Reduction or conversion of nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen takes place.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2j5, the tube 425 and. The channels 420 and 422 dimensioned so that a limited Amount of air is fed into the interior 4l4. The channels 420 and 422 must accordingly be different for other machines with different capacities and dimensions Have a cross-section so that the air flow to the exhaust gases is limited is adapted in a suitable manner to the exhaust ducts and in the interior space 4-14, which represents an oxidation zone.

In the pig. 24 and 25 is a modified embodiment of one illustrated device according to the invention. An engine block 11h is shown, on which a cylinder head 12h is seated, and an elongated tubular housing 427 is attached to one side of the cylinder block and has passages (not shown)! which are co-located with the exhaust ports of the cylinders of the engine adjoining the tubular housing 427, so that

309844/07 6 4 _χ

the exhaust gases to flow into the interior of the tubular housing 427 capital.

The tubular housing 427 is also loaded via a tube 428 a cylindrical double-walled housing of a reactor 431. There is a near the entrance and inside the housing 4150 Catalyst bed 4] 52, which preferably has a round cross-section and fits exactly between the inner walls of the housing 43> O and that represents a second zone. Inside the housing 430> to the right of the bed 4j52 is a chamber 4 ^ 4, the serves as a third zone. The outlet end of the housing 4 ^ 0 stands via a gas line 441 of a combined device 4 ^ 6 for preheating the air and for discharging the exhaust gases with a muffler 4 ^ 8 in formation. The combined facility for preheating air 4 ^ 6, as in Fig. 25 to see, from an outer tube with a preferably round cross-section and one serving as an interior space at a distance therefrom Gas line 441 made of pipe with a smaller diameter, so that there is a free annular space in between as a passage 442, how to do this in Pig. 25 recognizes.

The outer tube extends over a large part of the length of the gas line 44l and ends on one side at 44 ^ and on the other side at 444, preferably close to the muffler 438. The passage 442 is closed at 44j5 and 444, either by welding the outer pipe 440 to the outside of the gas line 441 in a gas-tight manner, or by that between the ends of the outer tube and the surface of the gas line 44l at 44} and 444 a seal is inserted will.

Passage 442 represents a chamber through which air can flow and thereby receives heat from the exhaust gas, which by the oxidation in the third zone in the chamber 4j4 the gas line 441 flow off, and the air on a comparatively able to heat high temperature. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the preheated air for limited oxidation in the first zone present in housing 427 and to support the oxidation in the one located in the chamber / in the reactor 4j51 third zone. 309844/0764

It will be a machine driven air pump jJ2h or a Another source for compressed air via a line 446 with a pipe connection 448 which is welded into the outer pipe 440 or otherwise attached, connected. The inner passage 449 in the pipe joint 448 is to the passage 442 open. Compressed air is fed into annular passage 442 through tube 446 and tube joint 448 and, since the outer tube is closed at 444, it flows to the left, as can be seen from FIG.

Near the end point 443 of the outer tube 440 is a second one Pipe connection 451 available, on which a pipe 452 is attached, which is connected to a passage 454 fitted in the cylinder head 12h of the engine. In the one made as a casting The cylinder head 12h is incorporated with the duct 454 fitted in the longitudinal direction in connection with branch ducts 455. These are arranged so that air from the cylinders of the machine into the interior of the tubular housing 427 and the seated Pipe 428 discharged exhaust gases is supplied. If desired, line pipes 37 and a branch pipe 38, as shown in FIG. 1, instead of channels 454 and 455 will.

A branch pipe 458 also sits on the pipe 452 Pipe 457, and the branch pipes 458 extend through openings in the wall of the housing 430 into the third Zone forming chamber 434. The walls of the branch pipes 438, the located in chamber 434 may be a plurality of openings through which the air in the chamber 434, which is an oxidation chamber, can be easily distributed.

The device shown in Fig. 24 operates as previously described, but with the difference that preheated air is introduced into the oxidation chambers of the first and third zones will. Compressed air flows through the pipe 446 and the pipe connection 448 to the right-hand end of the annular space passage 442 between the outer pipe 440 and the gas line 44l. Air flows through the annulus passage 442 in the sight 24 to the left and through, the pipe connection 451 and the

309844/0764

Tube 452. As the air passes through passage 442, it is heated to a comparatively high temperature, because the heat from the hot exhaust gases, which flows in the direction of flow to the right through the gas line 441, to the Air is transmitted. Some of the air preheated in passage 442 flows through pipe 457 and the branch pipes 458 into chamber 4 ^ 4, which is the third zone. Air also flows through the pipe 452 in the channel 454 in the Cylinder head 12h and through the branch ducts into the exhaust gases in the area in which these from the exhaust ducts in the Cylinder head are emitted. There is thus a limited amount of preheated air in the exhaust gases in the pipe housing 427 contained first oxidation zone for the purpose of limited oxidation in this zone, and preheated air is introduced also introduced into the chamber 4j4 forming the third zone; in In both zones, the preheated air accelerates the oxidation process.

This embodiment of the device according to the invention is particularly advantageous during the periods when the machine is warm, as the oxidation in the oxidation zones and the Reduction in the catalyst bed 4j52 can be brought to full operation more quickly by preheated air in the oxidation zones O

The air supplied to each oxidation zone can be limited by certain dimensions of the supply pipes and channels so that that essentially limited oxidation takes place in the first zone and further oxidation takes place in the third zone. One advantage of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 is that the very hot exhaust gases through a gas line 441 arranged as an inner tube, in which the heat is transferred to the through the ring space passage 442 release flowing air so that the gases entering the muffler have reduced temperatures. Another benefit of preheating air results, consists in the fact that the temperature of the air introduced into the oxidation zones is so increased that for the purpose of

309844/0764

- Jwr-

Aiming at the appropriate reaction temperature in the catalyst bed leads to a lower consumption of externally supplied
thermal energy is created.

In FIG. 26, another modified embodiment of a reactor 460 is shown. This consists of an elongated one cylindrical housing 461 with an inlet 462 of much smaller diameter than the housing 46l. The end of a gas supply 464 for exhaust gases can enter the inlet 462 be used, which is in "connection with a pipe housing, For example, as shown in Fig. 24 at 427, in which limited oxidation occurs.

The housing 461 is double-walled from the outer wall 466 and the inner wall 467 with a space 468 in between. By doing In space 468, an annular partition 470 is arranged. The area between walls 466 and 467 to the left of the partition

470 is preferably with high temperature resistant insulation

471 filled in order to keep heat losses from the interior of the housing, to which the insulation is adjacent, low.
Preferably in the middle of the cylindrical area of the housing 46l are inserts 473 made of porous, perforated material or mesh, the edges of which are arranged firmly against the inner wall 467. Catalyst material is present between the inserts 473, which constitutes a second zone or bed 475 for the chemical reduction. The inserts, which serve as carrier material, can also consist of catalytic material. The zone 476 in the housing 46l to the left of the bed 475, together with the interior of the gas supply 464 and the pipe housing (not shown) into which the exhaust gases from the Machine, a first zone in which limited oxidation takes place.

The housing 46l has a tubular outlet 478, in the The inner and outer wall parts are cylindrical and concentric are. With outlet 478 is a double-walled pipe: 479, which has an outer tube 480 and an inner tube 481. The diameter of the inner tube is dimensioned so that there is an elongated annular passage 482,

309844/0764

The tubes 48O and 48l sit telescopically on the corresponding Walls 466 and 467, as can be seen in Fig. 27, and around the telescopically arranged area, a pipe clamp 484 sits on the outer wall 466 of the housing 46l and clamps the outer tube 480 when the two tubes are connected to one another. The pipe clamp can, as for example in the U.S. Patent No. 2,719, j554 to W-P. Riker trained be. At the lower end, the tube 479 is by means of a Pipe coupling 486 to the gas inlet end of a muffler 487 connected.

Between the outer tube 480 and the inner tube 481 of the double-walled Pipe 479 is adjacent to the pipe coupling 486, an annular closure wall 488, which is the end of the annular passage 482 forms between the tubes. Welded next to the closure wall 488 and to the outer wall 480 there is an extension piece 489 into which a tube 490 fits « The interior of the extension piece 489 merges into the tube space of the tube 480. The tube 490 is connected to an air pump, which may be the air pump 32h shown in Fig. 24, and compressed air is supplied by means of this pump through tube 490 and extension 489 into the annular Passage 482 passed between the outer tube 480 and the inner tube 48l.

Located in the inner wall 467 of the cylindrical housing 46l a plurality of openings 492 through which connection is made is connected to the free space 468 between the housing walls, the openings 492 are close to and to the right of the annular Partition wall 470 arranged between the housing walls. Air flows under pressure from the air pump through tube 490 and extension 489 into annular passage 482, flows through the annular passage 482 upwards and through the space 468 and then passes through the openings 492 into the third zone 494 on the right side of the catalyst bed 475, which represents the second zone. The exhaust gases flow through the third zone 494 and the inner pipe 481 and release as they pass through this tube heat to the

309844/0764

aisle 482 and. air flowing upward from space 468 so that the air supplied through the openings 492 is preheated and has a comparatively high temperature.

When the device shown in FIG. 26 is operated, a limited amount of air is added to the exhaust gases near the point at which they pass from the engine into a tubular housing the pipe housing, the gas supply 464 and the oxidation zone 476, and the exhaust gases remain at a correspondingly high temperature. The hot exhaust gases flow through the bed 475 for the chemical reduction, in which nitrogen oxides are converted into free nitrogen _e

Thereafter, the gases flow into the third zone 494 and are therein by means of preheated material supplied through the openings 492 Air accelerates and essentially completely oxidizes as a result the heat transfer from the exhaust gases to the air in the passage 482 and free space 468 becomes the The temperature of the exhaust gases entering the muffler 487 is low.

In Fig. 28 is an elongated tubular housing 496 which is associated with the cylinder head an internal combustion engine is shown having a substantially cylindrical housing 498 and flange plates 500 and 501, which by means of openings 502 fasteners that can be inserted into the sheet metal can be fastened to the cylinder head of a machine (not shown) « The connection between the flange plates and the housing 498 takes place via cavities 504 and 505 / the ducts for the passage of the exhaust ducts of the internal combustion engine Form coming exhaust gases and lead to the chamber 508, the represents a first zone in which limited oxidation occurs. An air supply line 510 is via a pipe 511 with a Air pump or another source of compressed air in connection, branch lines 512 are connected to the air supply line 510

30984A / 0764

the ones that extend through openings in the walls of the cavities 504 and 505 and that serve to feed air into the exhaust gases existing oxy "dierbaren components takes place," the housing 98 is provided with a ^ as formed elbow outlet 514 which is in communication with a reactor as lst example illustrated in FIG _{e 0}

28 illustrates that a layer of an insulating material is deposited on the inner surfaces of the housing 4-98 and the outlet 51 ^ is arranged. Over this layer of insulation 516 is a layer 518 of ceramic material that is refractory and is resistant to those occurring in chamber 508 high combustion temperatures, applied » The insulating layer 516 is preferably made of resilient material, such as aluminum oxide-silicate fibers. Such insulation reduces heat losses, so that high Temperatures in the chamber 508 can be maintained and expansion and contraction processes in the metal housing 498 can be avoided, causing damage or a Breakage in the ceramic liner 518 is prevented.

FIG. 29 shows a further embodiment of a device 520 according to the invention, which has an elongated housing 521 made of sheet metal with tubular! Inlet 523 and tubular! Has outlet 525. This form of device can advantageously be used together with the device shown in FIG. 28; the inlet 523 is then connected to the outlet 514 of the tube housing shown in FIG ₀ 28th The outlet 525 can be connected to a pipe (not shown) for the discharge of the exhaust gases from the device 520 into a conventional muffler. A layer of resilient insulating material 526, such as, for example, fibers made of aluminum oxide silicate or the like, is arranged on the inner walls As of housing 521, of the inlet 523 and of the outlet 525

309844/0764

and a lining 527 sits on top of this insulating layer 526 Made of ceramic material that opposes the inside of the device “Preferably in the middle part of the housing 521 and tightly fitted to the inner ceramic lining 527 is a bed 528 for the chemical reduction, which is a second zone, and this bed consists of a plurality of layers or layers of catalyst material 529 · Preferably this is Bed designed as illustrated in Pig »26. Chamber 530 * to the left of bed 528 serves as a port the oxidation chamber 508 in FIG. 28 forms one first zone or part of such a zone in which limited oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons takes place. The chemical reduction of the nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen and the conversion of carbon monoxide takes place on the catalyst bed 528 to carbon dioxide instead, as previously described. Located in chamber 532 to the right of bed 528 and represents a third zone, there is practically complete oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons and des Carbon monoxide.

Through suitable openings in the housing wall and the ceramic lining, an air inlet tube 53 ^ extending in the third zone 532 _o The air introduction pipe 53 ^ communicates with a source of pressurized air, such as the air pump 32 in Figo 1, in combination, and in this way air promoted into the chamber 532. The wall area of the air inlet pipe 536 located inside the chamber 532 can have a multiplicity of openings 536, as a result of which the distribution of the air in the chamber 532 is facilitated.

The amount of air supplied to the chamber 532, which forms the third zone, is adjusted so that a practically complete Oxidation of the oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases in chamber 532 takes place. The air flow can be controlled by valves, such as a valve 67 according to FIG. 1, or by suitable means Dimensioning of the line pipe 53 ^ regulated and adjusted will"

0-9 844/0764

In the pig. 30 and 31 a further embodiment of a device according to the invention is illustrated. A cylinder head 12j is seated on a partially illustrated machine block Hj. One of the cylinders of the machine is shown at 5 ^ -0 and inside it moves a reciprocating piston 5 ^ 1 * on which a conventional connecting rod 5 ^ 2 sits. In the cylinder head there are exhaust ducts 5 ^ 7 > which are dimensioned in such a way that they are able to absorb the emission of exhaust gases from two cylinders of the engine.

The illustrated in FIGS. JO and J> 1 device is an assembly 550 having two Oxydationszonen and a catalyst bed for the chemical reduction, a reduction zone that contains and can be attached to the engine block and the cylinder head _o The illustrated engine block is one of a V - Eight cylinder machine. A further device according to the invention can be arranged for the treatment of the exhaust gases arising from the second group of cylinders on the opposite side.

The structural unit 55O consists of a base wall 552 and a wall 55 ^ · formed therewith welded or otherwise connected in a gas-tight manner. The base wall 552 is in the embodiment shown is curved and lies closely on the oppositely curved surfaces of the engine block Hj and the cylinder head 12j, as shown in FIG. The base wall 552 extends outwardly over the wall 55 ^ · and is by means of screws 555 on the engine block and the cylinder head attached. The screws are inserted through openings 556 guided in wall 552.

The housing 550 is equipped with inner liners 558 and 559 * the in a distance from the walls 552 and 55 ^ are provided. The spaces between the inner linings and the outer walls are advantageously more resistant to high temperatures Insulation 56O filled in. The insulation prevents heat losses and the inside of the housing 550 is kept at high temperatures. The walls 552 and 55 ^ · can consist of sheet metal or cast metal, and the inner linings 558 and 559 are advantageously made of stainless steel, ceramic Material or other refractory material,

3Ü98A4 / 076A

In the interior of the housing, an intermediate wall 563 with an opening extends along and across the width of the interior 564. The partition 563 divides the space into a chamber 566 and a chamber 567 '. The chamber 567 forms a port setting of the chamber 566 through the gas passage opening 564. The chambers 566 and 567 together form a first zone in which the limited Oxidation occurs.

The base wall 552 and the liner 558 have openings which are arranged to match the exhaust ducts 547 so that the exhaust gases emitted by the engine cylinders can flow into the chamber 566. Inside the housing below the intermediate wall 563 there is a second zone forming catalyst bed 569, which is exactly matched to the intermediate wall 563 and the adjacent linings 558 and 559 of the housing, so that the exhaust gases in the chamber 567 flow through the intermediate spaces of the catalyst bed 569 . The catalyst bed 569 * in which the chemical reduction takes place can be designed as shown in FIG. To the right of the catalyst bed, as can be seen in FIG. J51, there is a chamber 570 which represents a third zone. A gas discharge pipe 572 for discharging the treated exhaust gases into a conventional muffler (not shown) is connected to the housing and exits the chamber 570 ^a k.

There are air inlets in the cylinder head and the engine block molded into chamber 566 and chamber 570. An air supply duct 574 is molded in the cylinder head 12j. At the The entry point of the air supply channel 574 is a socket 575 * which can be threaded and screwed into the duct having an internal thread, the air supply duct 574 and the socket 575 have 576 via a tube Connection to an air pump 32j.

Four channels 578 are also formed in the cylinder head 12j, those in conductive connection with the air supply duct 574 and the exhaust ducts 547. In the one representing the first zone Chambers 566 and 567. Is through the channels 578 a limited amount of air introduced. It is essential that

3Ü98A4 / 076A

the amount of air supplied or the rate of supply to the chambers 566 and 567 is limited so that there is sufficient Carbon monoxide for that subsequently taking place in bed 569 catalytic reduction in which the nitrogen oxides become free Nitrogen are reacted, remains. In this embodiment, the channels 578 are sized so that that in the first zone such a limited amount of air is introduced that only partial oxidation of the oxidizable constituents takes place in the first zone consisting of chambers 566 and 567. As the temperature of the exhaust gases after oxidation has risen in chambers 566 and 567, the chemical reduction is greatly accelerated in the catalyst bed 569 which is the second zone.

As illustrated in FIGS. JO and 31, a passage 582 is formed in the engine block Hj and the cylinder block 12j, one end of which is in communication with the air supply passage 57 ^. The outlet of the channel 582 is designed so that it fits into a pipe connector 583, which extends through corresponding openings in the base wall 552 and the lining 558 of the housing and through which air supplied via the air supply channel 57 ^ and the channel 582 into the chamber 570, which forms the third zone, arrives. In the embodiment shown, the duct 582 is dimensioned such that the amount of air that enters the chamber 570 is limited as is required for the practically complete oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases that are passed through the catalyst bed 569. If desired, the pipe connection piece 583 can be dimensioned such that the amount of air introduced into the chamber 570 can be measured or adjusted.

During operation, the limited amount of air introduced into chambers § 6 and 567 is used for the partial oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in chambers 566 and 567.

3Ü3844 / 076A

HS

The nitrogen oxides become free on the catalyst bed 569 Reduced nitrogen. Substantially complete oxidation of the oxidizable constituents takes place in chamber 570. In this way, the harmful and poisonous ingredients become in the exhaust gases to free nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water processed, research has shown that the exhaust gases derived from chamber 570 contain traces of contain free hydrogen and free oxygen, however these substances are not considered to be harmful to the ambient air viewed.

In Pig. 32 is a modified form of an elongated hollow body 585 for the treatment of exhaust gases following a Internal combustion engine illustrated. This device consists of a substantially cylindrical elongate Housing 597j its design, compared with the previously described Embodiments, is more compact and that has a comparatively shorter length.

On the end walls 589 of the housing 587 there are elbows 590, the passages 591 have for those from the terminal Cylinders of a cylinder group into those in the housing 587 provided chamber 593 for conductive exhaust gases. With a middle one Area of the housing 587 is a cavity 595 in connection, the one passage 596 for those from the middle cylinders contains exhaust gases to be conducted into the chamber 593. At the knees 590 sit splashes 597 * and on the cavity

595 are fitted with flanges 598.

The flanges 597 and 598 have openings 599 for receiving Fastening means for fastening the housing to a cylinder head 600 of an internal combustion engine. The passages 591 of the elbows 590 mate with the exhaust ducts 602 arranged in the cylinder head 600. The passage

596 in cavity 595 mates with exhaust ports 6o4 arranged in the cylinder head 600 so that the exhaust gases from the central cylinders into chamber 593 will.

309844/076 4

A pipe socket 606 is seated on the housing 587 and has an outlet 608 for connection to a reactor, for example the in Pig. 29 illustrated reactor. The housing 587 and the sections connected therewith described above are preferably double-walled and point between the walls high temperature resistant insulating material so that the exhaust gases are kept at high temperatures. The housing 587 is made up of an outer wall 6IO and an inner wall 6ll formed and the ends of the housing are also double-walled with space between the walls. Between The walls are made of high-temperature-resistant insulating material 6l4, for example mineral wool. Each knee 590 has one Outer wall 6l6 and an inner wall 617 with between the walls located insulating material 618. The cavity 595 is also double-walled with insulating material 620 between the walls educated. The pipe socket 606 is also double-walled with insulating material between the walls.

The inner walls 6II, 617 and the inner walls of the cavity 595 and the pipe socket 606 are made of a material that is resistant to high temperatures, such as stainless steel. The arrangement shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 belongs an air supply 622, which via a pipe 623 with a Source for compressed air, for example a lift pump, in connection stands »There are pipe branches 625 in connection with of the air supply 622 and these extend through openings in the cylinder head 600 and into the exhaust ducts 602 and 6O4 and are used to feed in a limited Amount of air in the exhaust gases,

The amount of air fed in through the pipe branches 625 must be limited so that only some of the oxidizable components present in the exhaust gases are in the oxidation zone, from the chamber 593 * the passages 59I and 596 as well as the Exhaust channels 602 and 6o4 is formed, is oxidized. Man can control the amount of air by means of a valve arranged in the pipe 623 or by using pipe branches 625 of certain dimensions, or supply them in a metered manner. The pipe socket 606

309844/0764

is designed so that it can be connected to a reactor, for example the reactor shown in FIG. 29, in which the nitrogen oxides are too free nitrogen can be reduced. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 has a comparatively short compact housing 587 * its volume is enlarged with the help of the passages 591 in the knee pieces. The volume of this embodiment is sufficient for the partial oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases off, whereby such a sufficient carbon monoxide content then remains in the gases emitted from the pipe socket 606, that in the reactor to which the pipe socket 606 is connected, the chemical reduction of the stiekoxyde to free Nitrogen can be done.

In Fig. J4 is a modified embodiment of the invention Device illustrated in cooperation with an internal combustion engine 630 of the eight-cylinder V-Uyp. It the arrangement for a group of cylinders is shown on one side. A similar arrangement is used to handle the Exhaust gases from the other cylinder group * On the cylinder head 632 is a common exhaust duct 633. The exhaust passage 633 is via a pipe 634, with a housing

635 connected, and in the housing 6 ^ 5 see a catalyst bed 636. On the left side of the catalyst bed

636, a chamber 637 is formed in which limited oxidation takes place. Next to the housing 635 is a second housing 638 is present, which is connected to the housing 635 via a pipe connection 639. In the illustration, the housing 638 is shown arranged at a distance from the housing 655, However, the housing 638 can also be designed as a continuation or extension of the housing 635 so as to be seated directly on the latter be. - The housing 638 is connected to a conventional exhaust pipe via a pipe 640 pot 641 into which the treated exhaust gases are introduced and from which it is exhausted through an exhaust pipe 642 to the atmosphere be connected

309844 / 076A

A limited amount of air can be supplied to the first zone in the chamber 637 via an air supply line 647 and an extension pipe piece 644, which has an opening directed into the chamber 637, so that limited oxidation of the oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases can take place therein. The air supply line 647 is connected to a machine-driven air pump 648, and there is a valve 645 with which the amount of air introduced into the chamber 637 can be limited. As a result of the limited oxidation in the chamber 637, the temperature of the exhaust gases rises. ₀ The exhaust gases then flow from the chamber 637 through the catalyst bed 636 made of porous material, in which the nitrogen oxides are reduced or converted to free nitrogen _o For the purpose of supplying air into the chamber 643 in the housing 638, which represents a third zone, an adjustable valve 652 with the air supply line 647 is used communicating tube 65O, the open end of which extends into chamber 643. The amount of air supplied through the pipe 65O to the chamber 643 is measured in such a way that additional oxidation of the oxidizable gases takes place in the chamber 643, and the gases expelled from the muffler essentially consist of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and other gases Chambers 637 and 643 can also be regulated in that the extension piece 644 and the pipe 650 are used in dimensions corresponding to the limited amount of air to be supplied. In such a system, the valves 645 and 652 can come in port "

In FIG. 35 there is another modified embodiment of the inventive System illustrates «, It is a mounted on an internal combustion engine 655 of the eight-cylinder V-type, the arrangement for treating exhaust gases from the group of cylinders on one side of the engine is shown. A second the same arrangement can be on the opposite side of the machine «

In addition to the cylinder head 657, an elongated hollow body 658 is arranged, which has laterally protruding transverse channels 66O, which are attached to the cylinder head with fastening means (not shown) are attached. The channels 66O serve as a passage for the out

30984 4/076 U

the cylinders of the machine into those formed in the hollow body 658 ' Chamber flowing exhaust gases »Adjacent to the hollow body 658 is an air distribution pipe 662, which with a conduit 664 via an adjustable valve 665 with a machine-driven air pump 666 or other Source of compressed air in connection: stands. On the air distribution pipe 662 are seated branch lines 668, which extend through openings in the channels 660 and air into the area the .exhaust duct outlets of the machine. The above The amount of air delivered to the branch lines 668 is limited and only so high that it was limited in the first zone formed by the chamber present in the hollow body and the channels 66O Oxidation of the oxidizable components in the exhaust gases takes place.

A device 670, which includes a reactor and a noise-damping exhaust in combination, is connected via a connecting tube to the hollow body 650 "The device 670 is, as shown in FIG. 36, from an elongated housing 674, which is also shown in Figo 25 , with end walls 676 and 677 ", the housing 674 and the end walls 676 and 677 are formed from outer walls 678 and inner walls 679 with insulation 682 in between made of highly heat-resistant material Reduction in the catalyst bed 684, which represents a second zone in the treatment of the exhaust gases, kept advantageously high temperatures »

The end wall 676 of the housing 674 has an opening in which a gas inlet piece 686 connected to a connecting pipe 672 is seated. The gas inlet piece 686 extends through an opening in a partition wall 688 and opens into a chamber 690 which is enclosed by the partition walls 688 and 69I. The catalyst bed 684, which is the second zone, is located between the partitions 688 and 691, so that the exhaust gases from the chamber 69O through the catalyst bed 684 made of porous material, in the chemical reduction · er ^; follows, flow into a chamber 692 forming the third zone »· ■ · ■■ '■

. 309844/0764 ''''

The geräuschdärapfende part of the construction in the device 670 consists of the partitions 69 ¹ I-, 695 and 696 and the gas passages 697 and 698, which serve for the passage of the gases through the partition walls, and defined by the intermediate walls chambers are noise dampening chambers ,, In the partition 69 ^ there is an opening 700, and the partition 696 has an opening 702, and these serve to facilitate the circulation of exhaust gases through the compartments or noise-dampening chambers of the device. The partition wall 696 and the housing end wall 677 have openings in which an outlet pipe J (A- is fitted, through which the exhaust gases are supplied to an exhaust pipe 706 as shown in FIG 69 ^, 695 and 696 and the gas passages 697 and 698 is only one example of the design of the interior of the exhaust in the housing, and that the partition walls and gas passages can also be arranged differently to one another as desired.

Air is introduced into this chamber through an air supply line 710, which extends through an opening in the end wall 676 and through the intermediate wall 688 into the chamber 692, in which the oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gases are oxidized. The air supply line 710 is connected to the pipeline 664 via an adjustable valve 712, so that compressed air coming from the air pump 666 can flow through the pipeline 6 & \, the valve 712 and the air supply line 7IO into the chamber 692 in the housing 67 ^. The wall area of the air supply line 710, which is located between the partition walls 688 and 69I, preferably has a plurality of openings 714 which serve to better distribute the air in the chamber 692. The air flow rate to the chamber 692 can be controlled by the valve 712 or by the fact that the air supply line 710 has a certain dimension. If a supply line 7IO of certain dimensions is used to adjust the air flow to the chamber 692, the valve 712 can be omitted.

309844/0764

The mode of operation of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 35 and 36 is as follows: Limited oxidation of those in the exhaust gases contained oxidizable components takes place in the hollow body 658, the connecting pipes 672 and the chamber 690, which represent a first zone, and the oxidation increases the temperature of the exhaust gases before they pass through the catalyst bed, which forms the second zone and which consists of porous material which promotes chemical reduction. Since only a limited oxidation takes place in the first zone, there is in the catalyst bed 684 flowing through Carbon monoxide gases present. Takes place in the catalyst bed chemical reduction or conversion of nitrogen oxides to free nitrogen.

The air supply through the air supply line 710 into the chamber 692 forming the third zone causes oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases. Accordingly, the exhaust gases emitted from the exhaust pipe contain free nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and other gases. The device illustrated in FIGS. 35 and 36 can also be placed on the opposite side of the cylinder head for the purpose of treating the exhaust gases coming from the cylinder group on the other side of the engine _e

FIG. 37 shows a modified embodiment of that in FIG. 3 illustrated device. A tubular housing 718 is alongside a cylinder head 720 of an internal combustion engine arranged. The tubular housing has laterally seated channels 722 that mate with existing in the cylinder head Exhaust channels 724 are arranged. One of those exhaust ducts which serve to convey the exhaust gases from the machine cylinders into the interior of the tubular housing 718 is shown in FIG. 37 shown.

The tubular housing is attached to the cylinder head by fasteners (not shown) attached to each of the ducts 722 located flanges 726 sit. The housing 718 has a

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- 95 -

substantially cylindrical profile, and those in each of the Gas passages 728 formed by channels 722 are arranged so that that the exhaust gases enter the interior of the tubular housing in a substantially tangential direction and so in Vortex flow are displaced.

An elongated catalyst bed 730 with ^an annular cross-section is arranged in the interior of the tubular housing 718, and an annular chamber 732 is located between the inner wall of the tubular housing 718 and the outer surface of the catalyst bed and a cylindrical chamber 734 is formed surrounded by the catalyst bed. A gas discharge pipe 736 is in communication with the chamber 734 and forms an outlet 738 for the exhaust gases flowing out of the chamber 734. The gas discharge pipe 736 extends through a pipe socket. The pipe socket can be connected via a pipe (not shown) to a muffler or to a noise-dampening device. The channels 722, the pipe housing 718 and the pipe socket 740 can, as shown, have a double-walled construction, and the space between the inner walls and the outer walls is filled with high-temperature-resistant insulating material 742, as a result of which the gases are kept at high temperatures. The exhaust ducts 724, the gas passages 728 in the ducts 722 and the annular chamber 732 form a first zone in which limited oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases takes place. The catalyst bed 730 represents a second zone in which nitrogen oxides are converted or reduced to free nitrogen. Chamber 734 and outlet 735 form a third zone in which further oxidation takes place.

A limited amount of air is passed through the exhaust ducts 724 channels 744 connected to an air delivery line 746, the extending through openings in cylinder head 720, and limited oxidation occurs in the first zone. The delivery line 746 is in communication with a source of compressed air, such as a machine-driven air pump, as shown at 32 in FIG. It can be a valve

309844/0764

in the manner of the valve 40 shown in FIG. 1 to limit the through the ducts 744 to the exhaust ducts 724 air volume be available, or the amount of air is limited by that one uses channels 744 of a certain dimensioning. The exhaust gases in the exhaust ducts 724 through the ducts 744 the amount of air supplied is limited so that only one limited oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases in the most zone resulting from the Exhaust channels 724, the gas passages 728 and the annular Chamber 754 exists. The one due to the limited oxidation Exhaust gases that are at elevated temperatures in the first zone flow through the one made of porous material Catalyst bed 730 which forms the second zone. In this chemical reduction takes place and the nitrogen oxides are converted or reduced to free nitrogen. For the purpose of feeding air into the third zone Chamber 734, which is enclosed by the catalyst bed 730, is an air supply line 748 passing through openings in the end walls of the tubular housing 718 and in the manner of the in Fig. 1 formed tubes 62 shown. The air supply line 748 is in connection with the air pump or a other compressed air source. Through the air supply line 748 air is introduced into the chamber 734 forming the third zone in such a sufficient quantity that in the third zone the oxidizable components in the exhaust gases are oxidized. The treated gases discharged through outlet 738 essentially contain free nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and other gases.

The systems and devices described above act in principle like a heat reactor and converter in which the limited Oxidation of components of exhaust gases occurs before the gases come into contact with a catalyst or a bed for the chemical reduction come. In the system or the device are feed or conveying lines for introducing a limited or regulated amount of air is provided in the exhaust gases in the first oxidation zone, so that one for

3Ü9844 / 076A

the complete oxidation of the oxidizable constituents present in the exhaust gases, insufficient amount of oxygen in them is located.

Because limited oxidation takes place in the first zone, the temperature of the gases rises to such high temperatures that as they are for a beneficial reaction and transformation in that chemical reduction bed in the second zone is desirable or is necessary. The high temperature gases flow through the catalyst or the bed for the chemical Reduction, and the nitrogen oxides become free nitrogen reduced The reactions taking place in the catalyst or in the chemical reduction are exothermic, and consequently there are high temperatures in the bed for the chemical reduction, a factor that contributes to the the conversion reactions that take place during chemical reduction are accelerated.

The gases emerging from the bed for the chemical reduction in the second zone reach the third zone or the chamber in which the final oxidation takes place. In this chamber, a so sufficient amount of air is supplied, that is remaining in the exhaust gases oxidizable components are virtually completely oxidized ^ Thus the lowest possible heat losses occur, and the gases are maintained at high temperatures, so that the oxidation reactions and the conversion reactions in the chemical If the reduction takes place as quickly as possible, it is expedient to provide the oxidation zones and the areas containing the catalyst beds with insulation that is resistant to high temperatures.

309 844/076

Claims (26)

- 96 - Claims 1. Device for treating exhaust gases from the incomplete Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, marked by a housing for accommodating the exhaust gases, a feed for introducing a limited oxidation contributing, part of the carbon monoxide unoxidized amount of oxygen, preferably air, in the exhaust gases, a reduction bed through which the limited oxidized exhaust gases flow, and one in the direction of flow adjacent to the Feed arranged in a reduction bed for introducing complete oxidation of the oxidizable constituents contained in the limited oxidized and reduced exhaust gases, preferably air. ^r . 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a feed for introducing the exhaust gases in the housing, is available. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that a first chamber for receiving the exhaust gases in which the limited oxidation takes place and a second chamber in which the complete oxidation takes place, are present, and that the reduction bed is arranged between the two chambers and is made of a material that allows the exhaust gases to flow through, preferably a porous or perforated material Material. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5 * characterized in that that the inlets for the introduction of air into the heat transfer enabling arrangement to a discharge line for the Exhaust gases withdrawn from complete oxidation are incorporated o. 30984 4/07 6 4 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that a feed for introducing hot air into the limited oxidized and reduced exhaust gases after flowing through the Reduction bed is available. 6, The method according to claim 2 to 5, characterized in that the feed for introducing the exhaust gases into the housing is in the form of a plurality of elbow-shaped pipe passages, the elongated walls of which converge and which form a second chamber in which the complete oxidation takes place. 7. Apparatus according to claim 2 to 6, characterized in that the feed for introducing the exhaust gases into the housing is double-walled, the outer wall being arranged at a distance from the inner wall and between the two Walls are provided with highly heat-resistant insulation, 8, device according to claim 6 or J, characterized in that the knee-shaped passages are widened to chambers at their end, ring-shaped reduction beds are arranged in the middle of each of these chambers and have an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of these chambers, each reduction bed at its The upper end is provided with a closure cover and supports for the reduction beds have an opening corresponding to the central area within the reaction beds. 9. Apparatus according to claim J and 6, characterized in that that the reduction bed is formed over the entire length of the chamber between the first and the second chamber. 10. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the chambers have an essentially cylindrical profile and the reduction bed has an essentially annular cross-section 3 0 9 8 k UI 0 7 6 A - 6ο - 11. The device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that that the reduction bed has a planar profile and substantially is located diametrically within the housing between the first and second chambers. 12 "Device according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that that the wall of the housing is made of metal and with an inner Lining made of refractory, ceramic material is provided. - 13 «Device according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that that the housing is arranged in parallel with the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, in opposite to the length of the cylinder head formed and of much shorter length is attached to the cylinder head so that the feed for introducing the exhaust gases to exhaust ducts in the cylinder head fits and the inlets form passages for the exhaust gases expelled from the cylinders into the housing. 14, device according to claim Γ5> characterized in that passages for the supply of the from the end cylinders exhaust gases and passages emitted from a group of cylinders for the supply of the exhaust gases emitted by the central cylinders of a group of cylinders into the interior of the housing, the passages receiving the exhaust gases from the central cylinders in the central part the interior of the housing. 15. The device according to claim 1 to 14, characterized by a reactor which has the housing for receiving the exhaust gases, the feed for introducing and the feed for discharging the exhaust gases, the feed for introducing air into the first and second chambers and the reduction bed. 309844/0764 16. System for the treatment of exhaust gases originating from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, characterized in that a first zone for receiving the exhaust gases, in which they are supplied with a limited amount of oxygen-containing gas causing a limited oxidation in this zone, is a Material for the chemical reduction and conversion of constituents in the exhaust gases containing second zone and a third zone into which a gas containing oxygen is introduced and in which complete oxidation of the oxidizable constituents contained in the exhaust gases is effected _e 17. System according to claim 16, characterized in that air is fed in as the oxygen-containing gas and the exhaust gases initially limited in the first zone, then subjected to chemical reduction in the second zone and the Exhaust gases passed from the second zone into the third zone and therein with the addition of air as an oxygen-containing gas be subjected to practically complete oxidation. $ 1. System according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that that to reduce heat losses, the reaction vessels have jackets made of heat-resistant insulating material. 19. System according to claim l6 to l8, characterized in that after the limited oxidation in the first zone carbon monoxide still remains in the exhaust gases, and that with the reduction in the second zone the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases to be converted to nitrogen. 20. System according to Anspwch l6 to 19, characterized in that that a heat transfer from the exhaust gases flowing out of the third zone to those introduced into the first zone Air takes place. 309844/0764 21. System according to claim 20, characterized in that the arrangement serving for heat transfer to the air introduced into the first zone also for such heat transfer is used on the air introduced into the third zone, 22. System according to claim 16 to 21, characterized in that that it is used to treat exhaust gases taken directly from the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and there are ducts in the cylinder head that allow a limited amount of air to pass through the exhaust gases near their exit can be supplied from the exhaust ducts. 23. System according to claim 22, characterized in that there is a line system for the supply of compressed air to the ducts located in the cylinder head. 24. System according to claim l6 to 23, characterized in that the housing present therein is elongated and arc-shaped is. 25. System according to claim 16 to 24, characterized in that In the housing present therein, partition walls with gas passages are provided in a mutually sound-absorbing arrangement and two of these partitions form a chamber in which the reduction bed is arranged and that while the exhaust gases flow through the treatment areas, the waves causing the noise are weakened. 26. System according to claim 16 to 25, characterized in that in combination with an internal combustion engine from V-type, in which there is one cylinder head for two cylinder groups, two separate systems, one on each of the cylinder heads are connected, used » 309844/0764