DE2215054A1 - PREFABRICATED MODULAR BUILDING PLATE - Google Patents

Description

CS&M INCORPORATED, incorporated under the laws of the State of California, 14500 Firestone Boulevard, La Mirada , California (V.St.A.)

Prefabricated modular building board

The invention relates to a prefabricated modular Building plate, with a three-dimensional lattice frame made of wire o. The like., Its opposite parallel larger outer surfaces are interconnected by a number of struts that form the lattice framework protrude through and in this way form a number of passages, and with one from one to the other side and from one to the other end of the lattice framework extending heat-insulating corner.

In U S. Patent 3,305,991 and U.S. Patent 3,555,131 _t of the applicant has been described a modular reinforced foam building panel and a method for producing such a plywood. The known building board consists of a three-dimensional wire lattice framework welded together and an insulating core, which consists of a quantity of cellular foaming agent

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consists, which was foamed and cured within the lattice structure and in this way firmly with the Struts of the lattice framework is connected, which of which Enforce interior space. These struts connect and reinforce the wire elements, which are two at a distance Form larger outer surfaces of the lattice structure extending from one another. Those in the referenced U.S. patents The construction panel described in Report No. 2 440 of the International Conference for Construction Professionals in Pasadena, California approved for use as a load-bearing or non-load-bearing roof and wall panels for commercial and residential buildings. The well-known building board draws due to its low weight, good insulating properties to heat, moisture and sound, easy to include in economical building measures, good adaptability to conventional construction techniques, and good strength. The strength of the known building board is based partly on the «intimate connection between the insulating core, foamed in place, with the cross struts of the lattice framework.

However, it has been shown that the qualities of the building board known from U.S. Patent 3,305,991 far exceed the quality requirements of many applications, so that they are not a reasonable alternative to any other conventional one Building materials represents more. In warm or tropical areas, where buildings are known not to withstand snow loads or the like must be designed, the known building board has much more strength and better insulating properties than is ever required. In other areas of application, in particular on foreign markets and for special purposes there may be suitable insulating materials and components, which are as good or better for the given application than the foam concentrate used in the known building board, so that those materials are more economical and

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can be more attractive.

From this point of view, there is a need for modular ones Building panels which have the basic advantages of the applicant's known building panel, especially with regard to the wire lattice framework, however, they have a different insulating core. The invention is therefore based on the object to create a building board of the type mentioned, all of them Has advantages of the known building board and also adapts to different construction techniques in different can be adapted to geographical areas and / or a wide variety of structural engineering fields.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the insulating core consists of a number of insulating elements, which are completely within the passage of the Arranged lattice framework and by means of a binder are attached within the lattice framework.

This solution includes all the advantages of the applicant's known building board and the additional advantage that depending on the application and or or after economic considerations for the insulating core can use a wide variety of elements and / or materials. The building board according to the invention is light, strong, easy to install, of good quality and economical.

The lattice framework of the building board according to the invention is designed three-dimensionally and made of thin metal rods composed. These wires or rods form a pair of substantially parallel and spaced apart mutually arranged larger outer surfaces, a pair of side surfaces and a pair of end surfaces. Further Metal! Rods form a strut in the form of an

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number of struts that penetrate the interior of the lattice framework and the larger main surfaces of the Connect the lattice framework with each other. These struts and the other bars of the lattice framework form one Number of passages within the lattice framework, which at least at one end opposite the end faces of the lattice framework are open. Filler material that insulates against heat is located inside the Lattice framework and extends essentially from one side to the other and from one to the other End of the lattice framework. The filling material consists of a number of insulating elements which are separated from the open »ends are pushed into the individual passages of the lattice framework until they are completely are inside the lattice framework. A binding agent connects the. Note the insulating elements Elements of the lattice framework, preferably with the lattice struts, so that the insulating elements in a fixed position within of the lattice framework are fixed.

These and other features of the invention will become more preferred below with reference to a description of some Embodiments of the invention explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show it:

1 shows a section of a building board according to the invention in perspective Depiction;

Fig. 2 is a section taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

FIG. 4 shows another exemplary embodiment of the invention in a representation similar to FIG ;

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- 5 - 2215Q54

5 shows a cross section through a further exemplary embodiment of the invention; and

6 shows a cross section through a further embodiment a building board according to the invention.

The main components of a building board 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing are a lattice frame 11 and an insulating core 12 ^N made of an insulating filler material, which is arranged within the lattice frame 11. The lattice frame 11 consists of a number of elongated metal elements, preferably of pieces of wire within a diameter range of about 1.6 to about 4 ^ 5 min diameter; preferably a wire with a diameter of about 2 mm * is used. The entire lattice framework 11 preferably consists of pieces of wire of the same diameter, but it is entirely possible within the scope of the invention to use individual wire groups or wires with different diameters, the dimensions of which are within the above-mentioned range. · ■

The lattice frame 11 includes a number of at intervals wire elements running parallel to one another, which are referred to as the upper longitudinal connector 13. them opposite is a corresponding number of lower longitudinal preventers 14. The upper longitudinal connectors 13 are connected by a number of parallel spaced cross-connectors 15, while the lower longitudinal connectors 14 are connected to one another in the same way by a number of cross connectors 16 are. The group of the upper longitudinal connector 13 with their Cross connectors 15 form an upper, larger outer surface, and the group of lower longitudinal connectors 14 with their Guerverbindern 16 a lower, larger outer surface of the building board 10. These larger outer surfaces are in one essentially parallel spacing relationship to one another

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which is fixed by a number of struts 17 which traverse the interior of the lattice framework.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, each forms an upper longitudinal connector 13 with a parallel underneath The lower longitudinal connector ″ 14 is a pair of longitudinal connectors running parallel at a distance. The struts 17 are to the upper and lower longitudinal connector 13 or. -14 connected and not to the cross connectors 15 and 16 · In this way, the entire interior of the grille - Scaffolding 11 divided into a number of passages 18, the boundaries of which in one plane are the larger outer surfaces and in the other plane form the struts 17, which from the upper longitudinal connectors 13 to the lower Straight connectors 14 run. Each of these passages 18 is at least one end, namely in the Open plane of an edge surface of the lattice frame 11. The passages 18 preferably run in the longitudinal direction of the lattice frame 11 and are open at their opposite ends, namely at the end faces of the lattice frame,

In a preferred embodiment of the lattice framework

11 are the individual straight connectors 13 and 14 as well as cross connectors 15 and 16 against each other by a grid dimension offset by 5 cm. Thus, the upper and lower longitudinal connectors arranged in pairs on top of one another also take 13 and 14 a distance within the 5 cm grid dimension. Consequently, the entire lattice framework is constructed as a 5 cm space lattice module, and it becomes common Manufactured in a width of 1.22 m and in lengths between 2.45 m and 4.25 m, the length being within the 5 cm grid dimension can be varied. Of course, there are also other wire spacings within the lattice framework possible if desired; Furthermore, it is entirely within the scope of the invention if other latitudes and / or longitudes

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dimensions than those mentioned above can be used.

According to FIG. 1, each form an upper longitudinal connector 13 as well as the lower longitudinal connector 14 running parallel underneath and all struts 17 which these two Hold together longitudinal connectors, a rib section 20 within the lattice framework 11. From what has been said above It can be seen that, of course, all the rib sections 20 are parallel to each other around the said 5 cm grid dimension are arranged offset next to one another in the lattice frame 11. The rib sections 20 thus form the side limits for. the passages 18.

The lattice frames shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 have some mutual differences that are advantageous for certain uses of the building boards according to the invention could be. Within the rib sections 20 of FIG. 2, the struts 17 are alternately in opposite directions Arranged obliquely opposite the longitudinal connectors 13 and 14, which connect them to one another. For example, if one strut 17 has a 45 inclination with respect to the connected straight connectors from the left to the right, the next strut 17 runs from right to left and so on, up to the ends of the Lattice framework 11. At the extreme end of each rib section 20, however, there is an end strut 22, which runs at right angles to the longitudinal preventer 13 and 14.

All lattice frameworks for the various designs of the building board 10 according to the invention are preferred joined together by welds, by andsschweißung. However, other methods can also be used can be used to connect the lattice frame elements. If it is a lattice frame -11 according to FIG. 2 with

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inclined struts 17, their ends are at intervals from and on opposite sides of the cross connectors 15 or 16 with the straight connectors 13 or 14 connected. See FIG. 2. Thus, two diverging struts 17 are in the vicinity of every second one Cross connector 15 and 16 connected to each longitudinal connector 13 and 14, respectively.

In contrast to the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2, in a modified exemplary embodiment of the lattice frame 11 shown in FIG. 4, those designated by 17 'are used Struts arranged at right angles to the upper and lower longitudinal connectors 1 * 3 and 14 and with these to one Rib section 23 firmly connected. All struts 17 thus run parallel to one another in the rib section 23. Also in this embodiment according to FIG. 4, the longitudinal connectors 13, 14 and the transverse connectors 15 and 16 mutually offset in a grid dimension of 5 cm in length, while the struts connecting them 17 in The longitudinal direction of the longitudinal connectors 13 and 14 are distributed at intervals of 2.5 cm. For economic reasons out, the rib section 20 with the inclined struts 17 has advantages over the rib section 23 because approximately the same strength is achieved in both cases, while less in the case of the lattice frame 11 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 Wire is consumed. About 40% more wire is required for the vertical struts 17 according to FIG. 4 than for the inclined struts 17, and yet achieved approximately the same strength in both cases. Preferably the rib sections All lattice frame designs, regardless of whether they are rib sections 20 or 23, prefabricated as sub-groups and by fastening to the cross connectors 15 and 16 by welding or in processed into a finished lattice frame 11 in another way.

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During the manufacture of the building board 10, the insulating core 12 preferably installed after completion of the lattice frame 11. The insulating core 12 consists from a number of separate insulating elements which are pushed into the passages 18 of the lattice frame 11 will. Then the individual insulating elements are attached to the lattice framework using a suitable binding agent connected and thereby fixed.

In the building board 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the insulating core 12 consists of a number of strips Polystyrene or polystyrene foam, which is pre-expanded in the appropriate width, thickness and length or from a appropriately thick plate cut out of polystyrene foam have been. The width of each foam strip 25 corresponds approximately to the width of the passage 18 between two adjacent rib sections 20 and 23 respectively. The thickness of the foam strips 25 is, however, much less than the distance between the upper and lower outer surfaces of the lattice framework 11. For example the foam strips 25 slightly narrower than 5'cm while their thickness is of the order of about 1.8 cm. When installed, the foam strips 25 have approximately the same distances from the upper and lower outer surface, are therefore in the middle of the lattice structure 11. You are in this central position by means of a suitable binder 26 held, which is preferably by spraying on at least one side of the Foam strips 25 formed row is applied. After the binder 26 has cured, the foam strips are 25 fixed immovably in its predetermined position within the lattice frame 11.

For the building board 10, a polyurethane foam is preferably used as a binder 26, which is in place foams, hardens and thus the insulating core 12

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fixed. Preferably, the thickness of the foamed binder layer 26 is less than the distance between the insulating core 12 and formed from foam strips 25 the adjacent outer surface of the lattice framework 11.

In the embodiment of the building board 10 shown in FIG. 4, the lattice frame 11 of which has rib sections 23 with parallel struts 17 'has the same insulating core 12 and the same type of fastening with binding agent 26 used as in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3; from this it can be seen that the Connection between the insulating core 12 and the lattice frame 11 is not tied to the type of strut guide.

In Fig. 6 of the drawing is a broken cross-section through another building board according to the invention 30 shown. It has a lattice frame 11 which is constructed in the same way as described above and has either rib portions 20 or 23, as desired. The main difference compared to the previously discussed embodiments is based on an insulating core 31, which here is made of elongated There is solid foam material pieces 32, one of which is inserted into each passage 18 of the lattice frame 11 is. Each individual piece of foam material 32 of the insulating core 31 corresponds essentially to the internal cross section of the passage 18 so that it is essentially filled. When building plate 30 are the pieces of foam material 32 on their two outer sides, which are opposite the larger outer surfaces, covered with a binder layer 33; the binder 33 consists of liquid latex or a liquid Material on. Latex base, which hardens after application to the foam material pieces 32 and thereby the desired bond with the struts 17 or 17 * des

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Lattice structure 11 results. The insulating core 31 is preferably located completely in the interior of the lattice framework 11 and leaves the wire elements of the lattice frame 11 belonging to the larger outer surfaces essentially free.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5 in the form of a building board 40 with a lattice frame 11. This building board 40 has an insulating core 41, which is composed of a number of hollow paper tubes 42, the inner surfaces of which have become water-impermeable by treatment, and a polyurethane foam layer 43, which encloses the outer surfaces of the paper tubes 42, which form the larger outer surfaces of the lattice frame 11 are facing. The paper tubes 42 are preferably elliptical in cross-section and shaped so that the larger elliptical diameter is somewhat larger. than the width of the individual lattice frame openings 18, while the smaller elliptical diameter is smaller than the distance between the upper and lower larger outer surface ^{1 of} the lattice frame 11. The oversized paper tubes 42 are clamped during assembly in the middle of their passage 18 between the adjacent struts 17 and retain their position until they are finally fixed with the aid of the foam layer 43. The polyurethane foam layer 43 is applied to the outer sides of the paper tubes 42 in such a state that the foam material foams in place within the lattice frame 11, sets to a hard or semi-hard state and connects the paper tubes 42 firmly to the struts 17.

All the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing the 'building boards according to the invention have insulating cores, which completely within the outer limits of their

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Lattice frames are housed; this type of accommodation is a preferred location between Insulating core and lattice framework. However, it is entirely within the scope of the invention if the insulating core, if desirable, to some extent beyond the framework boundaries extends and thereby includes one or both of the larger outer surfaces of the lattice framework. Preferably, however, the narrow longitudinal surfaces of the lattice frame 11 remain free in each case. The production A building board in which one or both of the larger outer surfaces are embedded in the insulating core is special then possible if a foam material is used as the binding agent, which is in place foam and harden, i.e. within the lattice framework and not in a separate foam chamber. When processing polystyrene foam, for example, it is necessary that the components of the foam material in a closed mold. On the other hand, polyurethane foam can be foamed and set in an open mold, namely below ambient temperature and ambient pressure conditions. It follows that to attach an insulating core in the Inside a lattice framework is dependent on a binding agent that foams in an open container leaves.

In the exemplary embodiments described above, special materials were used both for the individual elements of the insulating core and for the binder layer. It is obvious that the binder itself is also involved in the insulating properties of the insulating core _r, such as when using ausgeschäumtem in place urethane foam.

Other foam * 3 types are used either individually or in combination when it comes to incorporating into the

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Passages 18 inserted individual elements of the insulating core to produce. For these insulating core elements phenolic foam, expanded vinyl foam, chained polyvinyl chloride foam, low density polyethylene foam, chained polyethylene foam, and / or ureaformaldehyde foam. All of these aforementioned types of foam require a closed or at least one partially closed form and are therefore only suitable, as already mentioned, for producing the ones to be inserted Insulating elements. However, these individual elements of the insulating core do not necessarily have to be made of foam material exist, but they can also consist of, for example Balsa wood or other materials.

Others for the production of building panels according to the invention suitable binders are, for example, more foamed Plaster of paris, asphalt, or asphalt-based materials, or suitable adhesives such as epoxy.

The binder preferred according to the invention is urethane foam. The individual elements of the insulating core can also consist of solid urethane foam. The different Urethane foam types have several properties favorable to the invention, in particular good insulating properties, low weight, high strength and the possibility of foaming in place. Of the Urethane foam is so valuable as a binding agent because it contains the insulating elements used and the neighboring ones Struts of the lattice framework surrounds with a solid structure. In contrast, polystyrene foam is considered Binder not suitable because it cannot be foamed in an open container. For that is Polystyrene foam a little cheaper than urethane foam and has thermal and acoustic insulating properties, which closely resemble the corresponding properties of

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Polyurethane foam.

If desired, building boards according to the invention can also be provided with openings to accommodate windows or doors.

Buildings, for example for residential purposes, can be made from the building boards according to the invention simple techniques. First, the building boards are lined up and aligned. Since the Lattice frames of the individual building panels are exposed at least on the narrow sides and at most partially are slightly covered by the binding agent, butting building board edges can be removed with the help of wire or weld seams can be joined together easily and economically. This way the whole Exterior and interior masonry of a building and, in the same way, the roof of the building by one or two workers in be erected in an extremely short time.

The building boards according to the invention are characterized by their low weight. The average weight of the Building boards according to the invention is about 30 kp / m. The exact volume weight of the building boards is a matter of course depending on the diameter of the wire used to make the lattice framework, and further on the material type and material density of the insulating core · «·

In summary, the invention relates to self-evident not only limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, a prefabricated one modular construction panel with a three-dimensional lattice framework, which is assembled from thin rod-like metal elements The lattice framework forms a pair of substantially parallel and spaced apart running larger outer surfaces, and two each

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longitudinal surfaces and end surfaces extending perpendicular thereto. The interior space between these mentioned
outer boundary surfaces of the lattice framework is
protrudes through a number of struts which the
Connect larger outer surfaces with one another and at the same time form a number of passages within the lattice framework. These passages are at least open
one side and open in the area of an end face of the lattice framework. In the interior of the lattice framework is, continuously from end face to end face as well
from longitudinal surface to longitudinal surface, a thermally insulating filler material, consisting of a number of individual insulating elements, which from their open ends into
the individual passages are inserted in the lattice framework. The individual insulating elements are fixed by means of a binding agent in a designated position within the lattice frameworkί a layer of foam material is preferably used as the binding agent, which covers the individual insulating elements and at least partially foams up on the spot, the insulating elements being positively connected to the wire elements of the lattice framework , especially with the struts running through the center.

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Claims (8)

Expectations il./ Prefabricated modular building board, with a three-dimensional wire frame or the like opposite parallel larger outer surfaces are connected to one another by a number of struts which protrude through the lattice framework and in this way form a number of passages, and with one extending from one side to the other and from one to the other Heat insulating core extending at the end of the lattice framework, characterized in that the insulating core (12; 31} 41) consists of a number of insulating elements (25; 32; 42), which are arranged completely within the passages (18) of the lattice frame (11) and by means of a Binder (26; 43) are attached within the lattice framework. 2. Building board according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder (26 ...) has self-insulating properties owns. 3. Building board according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating elements are at least partially are designed as hollow paper tubes (42). 4. Building board according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a binder a layer of a cellular foaming agent (26) is used, which is at least partially within of the lattice frame (11) is foamed. 309823/0277 5. Building board according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for shaping the insulating elements in the insulating core (12; 31; 41) rigidly bound cellular foam concentrate is used. ■ · 6. Building board according to claim. 5, ^v, characterized in that the rigidly bound cellular foaming agent is polystyrene foam. 7. Building board according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of the insulating elements (25; 32; 42) and the binding agent (26) and is arranged within the lattice framework (11) Insulating core (12; 31; 41) at least opposite the opposite larger outer surfaces (13, - 15; 14, 16) the lattice frame has a distance. 8. Building board according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder (26; 43) is a latex based material. 30982370277 At Blank page