DE2164414A1 - Practice ammunition - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVERTISER D-1 BERLIN 33 December 15, 1971

MANFRED MIEHE ^ Γ, ™ "» » Chemist Telegrams: PATOCHEM BERLIN

US / 08/1172 Case 136

AAI CORP OR ATION Cockeysville, County of Baltimore, Maryland, 21 030, USA

Practice ammunition

A practice ammunition is created, which consists of a projectile from a thin-walled, fragile Has plastic body covering, which is covered with a loose mass of a finely divided, particulate material of much higher density and preferably relatively less Toxicity to animals is filled. The plastic body casing is smooth-walled and formed without recesses on the longitudinal side. There is a destruction subdividing it into small ones Particles emerging from the rifled barrel due to the combined lateral forces kickback and centrifugal forces acting radially to expand of the particulate filler results. The particulate material is partially through these same forces and continue to be randomly distributed and delayed by the wind resistance after leaving the barrel, so that there is a fall within a short distance of the barrel yields the ground.

The invention relates to a practice ammunition, which is a practice shooting with weapons enables the recoil and volume to be imitated as far as possible and enables work automatic or semi-automatic weapons without the need for the more expensive and dangerous conventional ones To use ammunition.

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An underlying object of the invention is to provide a To create ammunition, including a projectile arrangement, which as far as possible imitates conventional projectiles the mass and the external size and configuration, whereby after leaving the rifled barrel a disintegration into small particles and random distribution of them within a short distance occurs, but at the same time more efficiently Way, the recoil and volume are largely mimicked, as they are with conventional ammunition.

There is a further object on which the invention is based. rin to create a training projectile that essentially corresponds to the usual recoil of conventional ammunition and comparable allows internal ballistic conditions during the passage of the projectile through the barrel bore, and this is in contrast to the conditions that are commonly used with blank cartridges with cotton wool filling are present.

A relevant example of ammunition with a disintegrating projectile can be found in US Pat. No. 3,435,769, wherein a plastic casing is filled with a powdery mass, this casing being multiple, extending along its length has extending, pre-formed recesses around its periphery, thereby tearing and destroying the projectile is made possible. Furthermore, the powdery filler mass is divided into two compartments by a transverse disk, which is located on the Drahllbandzone, so provided that a radial reinforcement of this twistband is such shows that a radial collapse of the projectile at the twist band zone is prevented by the propellant gases during launch is, and this results in a seal for the propellant gases acting on the gas.

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Another object on which the invention is based is to develop a destructive and decomposing exercise ammunition to create, in which ee is not necessary to create longitudinal recesses serving for dismantling or to provide an inner disk reinforcement for the twist belt, making a less tangled and easier to manufacture Practice ammunition results.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described in more detail below. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal section of an inventive Practice ammunition;

2 shows an enlarged longitudinal section through the projectile according to FIG. 1 and explains part of the cartridge case, which is arranged in a rifled barrel before launch;

3 shows a schematic longitudinal section and explains the projectile during its movement along the rifled barrel;

FIG. 4 shows a view from behind of the projectile according to FIG. 2;

A cartridge 11, see FIG. 1, is provided, imitating a conventional cartridge, which has practically the same exterior Configuration owns. Optionally, other cartridge configurations can of course also be imitated. With the one shown here Embodiment, the cartridge 11 has a sleeve 31, which takes up a propellant charge 35, and it is still an ignition charge caused by impact intended. The cartridge case, propellant, and primer can be of conventional design and are typically not modified compared to the cartridge case, the propellant charge and the ignition means, as they are to be imitated in the case of the one to be imitated Find cartridge use.

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In the front muzzle end of the cartridge case 31 there is a projectile 21 which, in the imitation cartridge shown here, is fastened by means of an annular constriction 37 of the case 31 in a corresponding annular recess which is formed in the circumference of the projectile 21. Externally, the projectile 21 may and preferably be of generally the same configuration and size as the projectile of the cartridge to be mimicked. In some cases, however, it may be found necessary, although in other respects not appropriate, that the projectile be elongated to some extent so as to give the necessary mass for the projectile such that it is sufficiently or furthermore the mass of the projectile to be imitated. In many cases, however, such an extension can _r will not be tolerated as the same can not be brought in accordance with the dimensional requirements of the weapon.

The sleeve 31 is normally made of the same material as the cartridge to be imitated, although it is understood that different materials can be used here depending on the respective circumstances.

The projectile 21 is not only designed so that the mass and configuration of the projectile of the cartridge to be imitated be imitated, but there is such a structure that the ability and property of a decomposition and general Disintegrated into small particles after emerging from the bore of the barrel. The projectile is used for this purpose 21, see Figure 2, made of a casing 23 made of plastic, such as nylon 6/12, nylon 6/6, polyethylene or polystyrene, the wall thickness for the particular particulate material selected being chosen to be sufficient The ductility of the wall means that the cylindrical main wall part extends over the full diameter under the radial load.

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knife of the drawn bore of the barrel 61, in which the cartridge to be fired is widened, the thickness being chosen for the particular material so that upon exit from the barrel 41 the projectile 21 disintegrates under the internal loads caused by the recoil of a particulate Filler mass 24 inside the casing 23 of the ^ Projectile are caused, as well as continue under the action of the centrifugal forces of the filler mass, as they are by the rotation of the projectile 21 and about its longitudinal axis due to the action of the twist 43a of the drawn bore 43 result. In the embodiment shown here, a bullet casing 23 is made of nylon 6/6 with a wall thickness of 1.27 mm has been used over the entire length with the exception of the twist band part 25, the filler mass 24 being looser Lead shot with diameter of the particles essentially of 0.305-0.84 mm is present. The casing 2 3 in this case has a length of approximately 7.5 cm and an outer diameter of approximately 19.0 mm and an inside diameter along the middle and rear portions of the casing 23 of approximately 16.5 mm.

The shell 23 of the projectile body is integral therewith along part of the rear portion thereof Twist band 25 which projects radially along the outer surface of the casing 23 to an extent that is approximately the same is the radial depth of the twist train 43a. The cylindrical outer diameter of the smooth-walled middle section 23b and the rear portion 23c of the casing 23 is approximately equal to the inner protrusion diameter of the twist train 43a, so that a smooth lying inside the barrel is guaranteed. In the embodiment shown here, in which the wall thickness over the main dimension of the casing 23 amounts to 1.27 mm, is the wall thickness along the swirl wall strip 25 suitably formed in a dimension of 1.78 mm. In this regard it should be noted that the inner Configuration of the casing 2 3 smooth-walled over the entire

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Dimension of the same is, and the casing 23 has no pre-formed recess or requires the same. This smooth-walled and the recessed design has been found to be very satisfactory and is both in terms of the Ease and the cost factor of producing value. It should also be noted that there is no surface inside of the cavity formed by the cladding 23, including the internal surface of the twist tension band 25, a transverse side There is support because the subject matter of the invention is based on a principle that allows the filler mass 24 as such leads to sufficient contact of the twisted tension band 25 with the twisted tension 43a and maintains the same, the desired rotational movement of the projectile ^ 21 during its passage through the drawn bore 43 is reached. This supports the subsequent disintegration and dismantling of the casing 23 and the filler compound 24.

The filler mass 24 can be introduced through the open rear end of the casing 23 during manufacture, and then this open rear end is closed by a rear locking plug 29 which is attached thereto. According to the preferred construction and manner of assembly, the plug 29 has a shoulder 29b of reduced diameter and a shoulder stop 29c which fit snugly into the open rear mouth end of the cover 23 and the plug 29 is secured in place by rotary welding with rapid relative rotation of the stopper or the cap 29 and the casing 23 takes place. For this purpose, the plug 29 has a slot 29s in its rear surface, and this enables a rotating locking of the plug 29 during this welding process. This twist welding can be along either or both the shoulders 29b and the stop 29c, and is preferably carried out along both zones so as to achieve the desired To achieve the degree of mechanical strength, whereby a tear at this connection point during the demolition

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21644U

Shot and the forward movement of the projectile along the barrel bore 43 is prevented.

The plug 29 is provided with a tapered wall, annular closure flange extension 29a provided that the sealing of the propellant gases at the launch and at the movement of the projectile 21 along the drawn bore 43 is supported. Even if the twist belt 25 to a certain extent acts in this direction, but the flange extension 29a is useful as an additional precaution with respect to the Sealing and can prevent any excessive, radially inward, compressive load from the swirl band zone by the propellant gases during the initial passage of the projectile through the rifled bore 43 immediately after and before launch complete lateral support through the kickback and centrifugal action of the particulate filler mass 24 take up. In the construction of the bullet 21, the particulate material employed as a filler 24 should be so selected that the same leads to the density of the projectile being largely that of the projectile to be imitated hits, wherein the projectile to be imitated can be solid or formed in some other way. For example, the one shown here Embodiment, see the general dimensions given above, a fine lead shot with diameters essentially from 0.305-0.844 mm has been applied, imitating a solid steel alloy bullet with a density of 7.8 g / cm, in which case the loose, unpackaged lead shot material as it is inside the If the shell of the projectile is encased before launch, it has a density of approximately 6.9 g / cm. This is a sufficient one Approach to achieve a satisfactory imitation of the firing conditions of the cartridge 11.

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A number of factors are considered in selecting the shot size of the particulate material 24, including but not limited to the packing density, the largest flight area and the toxicity. Preferably found grist or particles of different kinds Size within a relatively small range, application as opposed to a single shot size, since this results in a better packing density than with a single shot size, and this is of considerable importance in order to give the filler mass a density which approximates sufficiently to the mass of the projectile to be imitated is.

In many cases it is also important to select a particulate material that has relatively low toxicity to it Owns animals. Even though lead shot is suitable in some cases and especially with regard to its density, this meal is in many cases not suitable in view of the high toxicity compared to depths in view of the fact that Various animals have a tendency to pick up and devour particulate materials from the ground. Particles within the general range given above are generally sufficiently small to be an acceptably largest To give a flight range that is on the order of about 150 m while still being large enough to falling to the ground and not polluting the air.

As indicated, the filler mass 24 occupies substantially all of the cavity defined by the casing 23 and the rear plug 29 is formed, and that before the cartridge, see in particular Figure 2, is fired. When the cartridge 11 is fired, the projectile 21 is propelled forward through the drawn bore 43, and the particulate Mass 24 is in the longitudinal direction under the action of the recoil force of the firing and the simultaneous

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Accelerating the projectile along the drawn bore 43 is compressed. This compaction of the particulate Mass 24 leads to the fact that the casing made of plastic laterally along its cylindrical middle and rear Body sections 23b, 23c, see the schematic illustration according to FIG. 3, is widened, and the total volume of the particle mass 24 compacted in this way becomes in the longitudinal side Direction shortened considerably, as is also shown in this figure. In the embodiment shown guide the resulting recoil and centrifugal forces acting on the projectile 21 including the particle mass 24 act, to the fact that the particulate mass in such a It is shortened to the extent that the front surface thereof is generally in the zone of or behind the transition joint zone between the tapered front portion 23a of the casing 23 and the enlarged, cylindrical central portion 23b of the casing 23 is located. Thus, planning problems arise with regard to the configuration of the wall thickness of the storey cladding held back in the tapered, front portion 23a of the casing 23, since the laterally expanding forces which are exerted on the particulate mass 24 by the internal loads, as well as the centrifugal loads, which thereby act on the casing 23, essentially along the smooth-walled middle section 23b and of the rear section 23c, as well as the twist band zone 25 of the projectile 21 act. As far as the cylindrical middle portion 23b and the rear portion 23c have an outer diameter that is only slightly is smaller than the inner largest diameter of the bore 43, the result is that only a very slight stretching of the casing is required to accommodate the compaction of the particulate mass 24 as the projectile moves 41 along the drawn bore 43 upon launch. If this is a preferred configuration and style, it is possible to use such a particle density that the

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foremost foreshortened surface of the particulate mass 24 in front of the junction between the tapered one front portion 23a and the middle portion 23b of the cover is present to a certain extent, since the material the casing 23 can be selected so that there is a sufficient degree of ductility such that the radial in the distance ratio inward, tapering The nose portion adjacent to this zone is expanded radially to the bore diameter by the lateral forces, which arise due to the action of the kickback and centrifugal forces of the particle mass, without a (P rupture occurs, but later such rupture upon exit from the barrel is made possible due to the remaining internal loads resulting from the compacted and rotating particulate mass 24. E.g. the plastic material is subjected to preconditioning with moisture, e.g. by briefly immersing it in Boiling water is done so as to reduce the ductility to a desired one Increase degree. However, it is preferred that the disintegration of the projectile body casing 23 into relatively small particles after the exit from the barrel takes place, and thus it is usually most expedient to use a projectile material with relatively little Apply moisture content and thereby make the projectile body more fragile than would otherwise be the case, when it has a relatively high moisture content.

During the forward movement of the projectile 21 along the drawn bore 43, see FIG. 3, that the compressive and centrifugal forces acting on and through the particulate mass 24 result in that the cladding 23 including the middle portion 23b, the twist tape 25 and the rear portion 23c expanded are under concern in the zone between and around the twisted draft 43a. The forward movement of the projectile leads to a helical incision or notch of the dressing

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216UU

extension 23, whereby the disintegration of the casing after exiting the bore 43 is supported. However, it is important that the radial depth of the twisting train 43a is such that not a complete cutting through the side extensive casing 23 takes place during this movement of the projectile along the bore 43. With the one given above Example, according to which the casing 23 has a wall thickness of 1.27 mm, a twisted tension with a height of approximated 0.54 mm from the projection to the recess proved to be very satisfactory, with this arrangement in a rifled barrel with is designed with an inner diameter of about 20 mm.

After the projectile 21 has emerged from the barrel, the remaining internal loads lead to the plastic casing 23 tears and falls apart, and this is aided by the helical outer notch that is due to of the barrel of the projectile along the drawn bore 43 has been formed. The increased drag on the disintegrated Plastic parts of the plastic casing lead to the fact that these parts are slowed down and fall to the ground within a relatively short distance. Once the plastic body casing is decomposed, the compacted particulate mass 24 becomes in a cone starting from the start of flight of the projectile distributed under the action of the centrifugal forces acting on it. Thus, the individual particles exposed to increased air resistance and slowed down to such an extent that the same, within a relatively short distance, e.g. fall to the ground less than 150 m from the barrel. Since the mass of the disintegrating projectile 21 can be made the same or at least closely comparable to that of the projectile to be imitated, are the inner ones ballistic conditions of the imitated ammunition comparable to the ammunition to be imitated and thus the Rifle mechanism mediated recoil either the same or sufficiently comparable to the original ammunition, and that

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216UU

the same also applies to the bang and the flash of light.

Although it is largely preferred that the ammunition be in a rifled barrel, as shown here, it is also possible to put the ammunition with or without a tape 25 in to shoot down a barrel with a smooth bore. In the case of the projectile being launched from a smooth bore, this becomes Dismantling of the projectile is accomplished only by the recoil forces, which lead to corresponding lateral tensile forces on the bullet casing as soon as the barrel is left, and this in contrast to the action of both

A of the kickback forces as well as the centrifugal forces in the Case of projectiles being fired by a rifled barrel. However, when using this optional type of shooting, normally found that the bullet ruptures with a modest amount of dispersion of the particulate material and is dismantled. Even so, the majority of the particulate material appears to be generally substantial within one smaller cone to be dispersed. When shooting from a rifled barrel, it is found that the particulate Material is acceptably scattered and distributed within a cone angle of approximately 5 to 20 degrees and this at Use a conventional twist pull of 7 ° in a barrel bore of 20 mm. It has been found that this is a

W cone distribution with a radius of 1.50 m in a 15 m area results, while when using the same projectile in a smooth barrel without twisting traction, the projectile possibly having a twist band, the scattering pattern is much more concentrated within a smaller cone angle, as well as in this case there is a greater volume of the particulate material within an even smaller cone angle.

As indicated above, a number of different materials can be used as the loose filler in casing 2 3, where lead shot is mentioned here as an example embodiment

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21644H

is. Optionally and in many cases preferable from the point of view of toxicity to animals, although in some cases less preferable in view of density requirements,
you can also use iron or steel in particulate form, preferably in the form of shot of different sizes, the
can have approximately the same size ratios as above in the case of lead shot. It can also be different
other materials can be used in given cases, including tungsten, copper, brass, etc.

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Claims (14)

- 14 claims l.Vübungs ammunition, characterized in that the same as a projectile (21) with a frangible body covering (23) having a tapered nose portion (23a) and a generally cylindrical middle (23b) and rear portion (23c) and is hollow and forms a cavity for receiving a mass of loose particulate filler material (24), an assembly (29) which the rear end of the body covering (23) closes, this cavity being a closed cavity, a ■ k outer twist band (25) which is present on the body covering (23) and radially across the remaining portion of the generally cylindrical central (23b) and rearward portion (23c) protrudes, wherein the cavity has no lateral supports, a mass (24) finely divided, particulate Relatively high density filler material present in the cavity and generally filling the effective volume thereof, wherein the mass (24) of particulate material is compressible and the body wrap (23) radially underneath the action of recoil forces is expandable, so as to effect a compressed volume of reduced length Mass during the passage of the projectile (21) along a drawn barrel bore (43) and a front surface. W which is approximately in the zone or behind the effective zone of connection between the tapered nose portion (23a) and the generally cylindrical central portion (23b) of the body covering (23). 2. Exercise ammunition according to claim 1, characterized that the body covering (23) has a rearward and outwardly tapering rear annular shape Has closure extension (29a, 29c). 3. Exercise ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech extension (29a, 29c) - 14 - 203828/0728 is formed by the arrangement for closing the rear end of the body covering (23). 4. exercise ammunition according to claim 3, characterized in that the the rear end of the body envelope (23§ closing arrangement (29) is a stopper, the one outer cylindrical diameter corresponding to the adjoining rear section (23c) of the body covering (2 3). 5. exercise ammunition according to claim 4, characterized in that the plug has a shoulder-shaped front End (29b) and a cup-shaped rear end (29a), the front end of reduced diameter has, the cup-shaped rear end (29 a) of the plug (29) has a tapered annular wall which the Closure extension forms the body covering (23) in the circumferential sealing ratio on the shoulder-shaped end (29b) of the plug (29) lies and is attached to it. 6. Jbungs ammunition according to claim 5, characterized in that the body casing (2 3) and the The plug (29) is spin welded together along the junction of the shoulder-shaped front end (29b) of the Plug (29) and the body envelope (23) are connected. 7. exercise ammunition according to claim 6, characterized in that the plug (29) has a slot (29s) has, which is in the rear surface for the purpose of rotational locking to the body envelope (23) during the Rotational welding is formed. 8. exercise ammunition according to claim 6, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e i c hn et that the twist band (25) in one piece as one integral unitary radial extension of the body covering (23) is formed. - 15 - 209828/0728 '- 16 - "' ■" ■ 9. exercise ammunition according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the same has a cartridge case (31) an ignitable propellant charge (35) therein, as well as an arrangement (37), which the projectile (21) at the front End of the cartridge case (31) releasably attached. 10. Exercise ammunition according to claim S, characterized in that g e k e η η -— · - ■ indicates that the body wrap (23) is formed therein has an annular recess behind the twist band (25) * the cartridge case (31) on the projectile (21) by means of an annular choking (37) of the sleeve into the St recess is attached to the front end of the sleeve (31) abuts the twist belt (25) and has practically the same diameter. 1 and d 11. Exercise ammunition according to claim / 10, characterized in that the twist band (25) with a unit the body covering (23) forms. 12. Practice ammunition according to claim 12, characterized in that the mass of the finely divided particulate Filler consists of tiny individual metal shot particles and the body covering (23) made of plastic is formed. m 13. Practice ammunition according to claim 12, characterized in that the metal-Füllschrot selected from materials having generally to animals low toxicity. 14. Training ammunition according to claim 12, characterized in that the mass of the finely divided particulate Filler has a particle size predominantly in a relatively narrow range of approximately 0.305-0.84 mm Diameter. - 16 - 209828/0728 BATH ORIGINAL