DE2152003A1 - Method and device for generating pulsed fluid jets - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney

Monks Krailling
Gartenstrasse 13

1 F 11 +

Environment / One Corporation
Sclienectady, New York 12 309 (USA)

Method and device for generating pulsed liquid jets

The invention is in the field of generating pulsed Liquid jets ·, preferably water jets, and provides a method and an apparatus for producing with high Frequency pulsed water jets through the discharge of electrical energy.

In underground mining it is known to use mining machines which work like milling cutters. The actual work tools or cutting tools consist of a hard metal. The main technical disadvantage of such mining methods is due to the fact that the cutting tools quickly become blunt, whereby the work performance is not great in itself and because of the replacement or regrinding of the tools, the feed rates are relatively low.

In recent years it has now been proposed to work with hydraulic means when mining underground mineral resources and especially when building tunnels, especially in order to obtain working machines with a long service life, low costs and ease of use. So are hydraulic amplifiers, for example

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'' and hammer drill-like vibration generators have been used, to generate the high peak pressures that are needed to

'blasting to accelerate to very high speeds. In these proposals, a considerable amount of machinery and the unbearable generation of noise has been found to be disadvantageous proven to work.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the discharge of electrical energy from, for example, a capacitor in a closed and filled with a liquid

* th container over electrodes between the electrodes

* tubular space receives, in v / eLchem very high temperatures prevalence. Discharges of this kind have three effects: On the one hand, a high-pressure sound wave front goes from the discharge tube to auiien. Secondly, a very hot and expanding gas bubble arises in the area of the hose, which overheated Contains vapor and a significant amount of ionized and neutral molecules. The third arises at the same time as

discharge a high-intensity continuum of light. On model systems, work according to this idea underlying the invention, it has been found that the implementation or Conversion of electrical energy into heat, sound and light energy goes on with a high efficiency, which is about P is 50% of the total available energy, with the rest being lost in external circuits.

The flow of energy in the form of high voltage to the spark gap is greater than the corresponding absorption in the liquid of the peaks produced by it. As a result, the liquid evaporates in aer tubular spark gap, wherein at least partially enters ionization. When the electrical energy is discharged, a gas bubble is generated in the hose between the electrodes. The expansion dsp gas bubble takes place during the relatively short time of an electrical energy pulse, creating a shock wave in the relative

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incompressible fluid is generated. Since the reaction vessel in which these processes take place, with the exception of one after outside leading nozzle at the time of discharge is a closed cavity, the shock wave hits except for the surface the nozzle opening everywhere on mechanical resistance. This creates a pulsed jet of liquid through the nozzle opening pushed outwards. The pulsed jet of liquid is practical a "body" that is closed off in the direction of work and is under extremely high pressure when such jets of water are used directed against a solid surface, then one can determine the kinetic energy within these individual liquid "bodies". Use it to carry out work, e.g. for lifting, breaking, drilling or the like.

One can apply different methods to the working fluid to be transported into the reaction chamber. A feasible one Way consists in a continuous supply of liquid through the nozzle opening, i.e. a continuous flow of liquid leading to the outside, if not electrically pulsed is, with an automatically pulsed flow of liquid is obtained when the spark gap is put into operation electrically.

A device using the basic ideas of the invention can also work in an open system, which then creates the tubular spark gap through the surrounding liquid is filled. One could use a mechanical closure for the nozzle in such a way that a release of the Nozzle opening automatically puts the electrical part of the discharge circuit into operation.

For a promising technical application of the invention The principle is a continuous and predictable, i.e. more or less controlled electrical discharge important. This can be achieved, for example, by appropriately designing the electrode arrangement. The use of ungrounded

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Sleeves for the electrodes create a capacitive voltage divider parallel to the spark gap, with the casing or housing of the device at the electrical center tap of the capacitors connected. At the beginning of the discharge cycle, the high voltage gradients are off the side walls of the device with respect to the sleeves half as large as the gradients to the Electrodes, whereby a discharge that is predictable in the desired manner is obtained.

A freely accelerating piston can also be used to transport the liquid into the reaction chamber. In such a case, the piston delivers liquid F under high pressure caused by the discharge of the electric Energy is even increased. In this way one obtains a further increase in the impulse with which the individual Amounts of liquid are ejected in the form of a stream.

Devices operating according to the method according to the invention for generating liquid jets of the highest energy can be used in conjunction with known mining or quarrying processes. For example, a device according to the invention can be used with tungsten carbide or very hard steel cutting tools use when mining very hard rock, on the one hand to be able to carry out the cutting process more easily and on the other hand | on the other hand to increase the service life of the actual cutting tools. In such a case one could arrange several electrohydraulic radiators according to the invention vertically and over one Move the area to be excavated in front of the actual cutting tools. In one of these. In the event of a projectile, the projectile, projectile water "bodies" would tear open the mining front and weaken by adding horizontal bars that just have behind with the rock are formed. In such a case one makes horizontal cuts - like for example with a saw - into the rock, which is then much easier in a known manner by means of lifting or breaking

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Tools can be broken free. The ι becomes evident The stress on the actual mechanical cutting tools is greatly reduced, which in turn increases their service life.

Electrohydraulic liquid ejectors according to the invention can can also be used to drive a water-soluble resin into the separating layers of individual rock layers on site e.g. by adding the resin to the liquid that is feeds into the heater. Such water-soluble resins, such as Polyox, reduce the coefficient of friction between adjacent ones Surfaces by up to 68% when in water with a concentration dispersed from about 30 parts to 1 million parts. The use of such a mixture causes in the separating layers between individual sediment layers, the sediment layers come free from each other more easily and also Such mixtures also act as lubricants for the actual mechanical cutting tools that are used after treatment is cut with the electro-hydraulic emitters.

The use of heat to weaken rock to cause it to form hairline cracks is known. if the percentage of water in the rock has the correct value, then this weakening of the rock by cracking ur> d the like. particularly promoted. However, if certain layers contain too little water in this sense, then electrohydraulic ones can be used Use water jets according to the invention to remove the corresponding layers or intermediate layers of the rock Saturate with water before applying heat or heat. In such a case, the heat and the under highest * Pressure buoyant rays are applied simultaneously or alternately, with the heat then being applied by appropriate stretching Tensions are created in the rock and the amount of water cools the stone and cracks it. Then you can then again mechanically cut or dismantle something in a known manner üaoei f. is very relieved.

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It comes to me. Mining sometimes suggests that> a rock is broken out of the bedrock, but by more or less positive wedging remains on the mother rock. Problems of this kind are approximately in the practice of the invention solved of the kind described above, since the liquid jets have a tendency to peel off rock under high pressure.

The electrohydraulic radiators according to the invention can be found in arrange any geometrical configurations in order to create a corresponding Achieve result. For example, several radiators F can be arranged vertically in a circle, whereupon several units are then act like a drill. If one uses such a radiator unit together with a conventional drill bit, then one obtains one self-centering of the drill bit.

Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this demonstrate:

Fig. 1 shows a first execution example of the electrohydraulic Beam generator in section;

2 shows a second embodiment in section;

3 schematically shows a cutting machine for plane-like mining

of rock with electrohydraulic high-pressure jets according to the invention in combination with conventional ones Cutting or cutting knives or teeth;

4 shows a cutting machine similar to FIG. 3 with additional ones Heating devices; and

Fig. 5, £> and 7 going in more detail a according to the invention High pressure jet.

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According to FIG. 1, a radiator according to the invention initially has a container, in the interior of which the reaction chamber 11 is formed. A nozzle 12 leads out of the reaction chamber. The liquid to be irradiated is fed to the reaction chamber through a pressure line 13 "» Such a liquid is expediently water, but any non-explosive fluid can also be used, for example fluids that are used to lubricate Schrämmesserη. The fluid enters the reaction chamber 11 through an inlet I ¹ +, which can contain a valve 15, through which the actual reaction chamber is closed off from the supply line 13 during the generation of a liquid jet and 19 are electrically insulated from the actual container. Metal sleeves 20 and 21 respectively surround each electrode 16 and These sleeves 20 and 21 are mechanically and electrically coupled to the actual container 10 and are not grounded to a source of electrical energy, e.g. a capacitor series connection closed, which in turn is connected to a high-voltage source, not shown. In a preferred embodiment, a capacitor bank, induction coils, transformers and the like can be used as energy stores for discharge purposes. A capacitor 23 is shown here for the sake of illustrative illustration only. Since the EJ ektroder.hülsen 20 and 21 and the actual container 10 is not grounded, these parts act as capacitive voltage dividers parallel to the spark gap between the electrodes 16 and 17 when the switch 22 is closed. One plate of the capacitors 23 is both grounded and connected to an electric electrode, in this case the electrode 17, in the manner shown.

When the switch 22 is closed, which can be designed as a gas discharge tube or as a controllable spark gap, for example the high voltage gradients from the cross winds of the container

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with respect to electrodes 16 and 17 half as large as the gradients between the electrodes "In this way you get a precisely predictable discharge over the spark gap between the electrodes." The insulations 18 and 19 also prevent unwanted spark discharge in the discharge path after a certain erosion of the electrodes in that the gradient between the electrodes i- & t is greater than that between the electrodes and the wall.

Before the arrangement is put into operation, the reaction chamber is in the substantially completely through the opening 11 with liquid filled. If now the electrical energy stored in the capacitive memory 33 by closing the switch 22 via the Electrodes 16 and 17 is discharged, then this happens through a spark-like transition of charge carriers in a hose-like Space between the electrodes. The following takes place: First of all, a boiling pressure sound wave travels outwards from the hose-like discharge path; continues to educate a very hot and expanding gas bubble in the discharge zone and around them, the essentially superheated steam and a significant portion of ionized molecules alongside contains neutral molecules. Thirdly, a very intense light continuum is formed, the duration of which is the discharge time corresponds to or coincides with it. Tests have shown that the conversion of electrical energy into heat, sound energy and light has a particularly high degree of efficiency, which is around 50 * of the total energy from the store, with the remaining energy in the external electrical circuit is lost in the form of losses. Part of the sound energy which is generated in the container lü and the entire in Light generated in the chamber is absorbed in the liquid and converted into usable heat. The time of discharge the capacitor circuit runs at about 50 microseconds. While this interval will be about 27,000 horsepower of total energy per kilojoule in the liquid in the reaction vessel 11

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brought while the liquid does not change substantially. The extraordinarily high temperatures between 20, and ^ 0.000 ° Kelvin and ciie considerable pressures, which between lOO.OOfJ and 200.QGJ) Atm. can be, cause the gas bubble between the electrodes 16 and 17 is extraordinary expands quickly. The check valve 15 closes the inlet 14, which means that it is under considerable pressure liquid fluids in the chamber exclusively through the Nozzle opening 12 can emerge. The nozzle opening 12 is conveniently located in the manner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a manner straight connecting line starting from electrodes 16 and 17. The axis of the nozzle goes roughly through the discharge tube between the electrodes.

If necessary, a closure 24 can also be used to close the nozzle opening 12 between cien individual pulses of liquid use. The shutter 24 can be operated electrically or mechanically and a detector 26 can be used to control it connect to the switch member of the switch 22. The ^ detector 26 then synchronizes the opening of the shutter 24 with the Discharge the energy store 23 in order to open the nozzle at the right time. One can instead of the one shown schematically Closure also use some kind of valve. For example, can one solenoid operated valve for alternating provide for opening and closing of the sleeve opening 12.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a piston 30 is used provided to the liquid in the reaction chamber 11 before the discharge of the energy store 2 3 via the spark gap 16-17 pressurized. The liquid becomes the reaction chamber ll.z.b. fed through an inlet opening 13. In this embodiment, the piston 30 runs at high speed pushed to the right by a cylinder 32 forming its guide by external force means not shown. The piston 30 then detects the liquid brought in through the opening J1

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Un, d accelerates this liquid into the reaction chamber 11 during the squeezing action. The liquid thereby enters the reaction chamber at a high speed and accordingly with a correspondingly high impulse. The liquid now fills the reaction chamber 11 and at the moment of complete filling with the essentially incompressible liquid, ie for example at the right-hand dead center of the piston, the switch 22 causes the energy store 25 to be short-circuited via the discharge path between the electrodes 16 and 17 rapidly expanding gas bubble that is created by the heating action of the electric discharge, now enlarged nor the Kinetic FTnergie the liquid-ψ 'sigkeit which it has already received by the acceleration by the piston, wherein the piston is locked in its most forward position at this moment , thereby closing the reaction chamber 11 on its side. Then the piston or the like by a corresponding piston rod. withdrawn again. Since the reaction chamber 11

essentially - i.e. apart from the nozzle opening - a closed one If there is space, all the energy in the liquid is used to make up a part of the liquid that is bounded like a body to shoot like a bullet through the nozzle opening en.

fc In Fig. 3 is apparently the arrangement of several electrohydraulic High-pressure emitters shown on a kind of frame according to the preceding figures. This frame can e.g. be the movable one Be part of a Schrümhobeis. The HObel itself is with 40 designated. A correspondingly suitable number of cutting bits 41 is also arranged on the frame 40. The actual Schrämhooel runs on rails 42, as is the case with Schrämhooel is known, so that on its working side side by side in approximately the manner shown, cutter planer and electrohydraulic High pressure emitters are arranged. Hit 43 is the drive means for the cutter along the mining route. the The working direction of the cutter is to the right in FIG. 3, like this

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that when driving to the right, the working high-pressure jets 10 break the rock or at least crack, which then the subsequent actual cutting knife 41 the dismantling dee be able to complete rocks prepared in this way.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement essentially similar to that of FIG. 3, in which an infrared thermal element 51 with a filament 52 and a reflector 53 is also arranged in front of each electrohydraulic high-pressure radiator 10, seen in the working direction. When working with such ^a designed Schrämhobel ^11, the degraded rock is first heated by the irradiation by the heating elements 51 and the electro-hydraulic Hochdruckstrahier 10 act at least partly cooling. The considerable temperature difference between heating and cooling causes the rock to be mined to become brittle or even to break completely. The cutting teeth 41 made of metal, which are known per se, then remove any remaining stone. In another embodiment of the basic concept of the invention, two horizontally adjacent units 10 and 51 can be exchanged on the cutter 4C, so that the liquid coming from the radiators 10 for breaking the rock also penetrates into this, and then from the heaters 51 is heated so that the liquid evaporates. In this case, there is also a thermal shock load and a purely mechanical load on the rock to be mined. Furthermore, in this case, too, the rock is completely broken off by the following mechanical cutting knife 41.

In Figs. 5, 6 and 7, there is another embodiment of a electronic hydraulic high pressure jet according to the invention shown. Two relatively thick, flat and circular steel plates 31 and 32 store insulating sleeves 18 and 19 and respectively the opposing and centrally arranged guide

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the electrodes 16 and 17. The plates 31 and 32 hold between them an annular plate 33, which is also made of steel can, so that a cylindrical cavity, which is best seen in Fig. 7, is formed. The plates 31, 32 and 33 are a.B. by strong screw bolts 3 5 with corresponding Nuts 31 connected to the periphery of the plates, which by corresponding Make aligned holes in the plates. The two Inner surfaces of the outer plates 31 and 3 2 have annular grooves for receiving sealing rings 36 and 38, so that the cylindrical Space 39 in the plate 33 is sealed off. The ends of the electrodes 16 and 17 protrude into the cavity 39.

As FIG. 6 shows most clearly, a narrow bore 14 is machined into the middle steel plate 33, which is used for feeding of liquid into the interior of the cavity is used, wherein the means already explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used. Furthermore, the middle plate 33 has a radially pointing nozzle 12, the axis of which is approximately 90 ° with the inlet opening or their axis forms. The exploded view (with a kink between parts 3 3 and 32) shows in perspective, the assembly of the outer plates 31 and 32 with the insulating sleeves 18 and 19 and their central electrodes 16 and 17, as well as the design of the plate 33, its center Opening forms the actual closed working space 39. This is why the components are so massive that they can withstand the high pressures explained in the interior of the work area. build up, be able to resist.

The high pressure radiator according to the invention can be considered destructive Tool can be used everywhere in mining, furthermore for cutting or drilling in concrete and similar hard materials. Also a use of the high pressure emitters according to the invention something like the sandblasting fan is conceivable.

Patent claims: 2098H / 0669

Claims (1)

Michael Korn - ¹³ ■ - H l P II + Gmh MGndtvn-Kroilling Gortanstrasse 13 Patent claims above ch e (1.) A method for generating high-pressure liquid jets, ^ S characterized by heating at least part of a liquid volume, which is closed with the exception of an outlet nozzle, by an electrical discharge within the liquid with such a duration and strength that a shock wave is created in the liquid. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Liquid is pressurized at least immediately before an electrical discharge. 3. The method Naeh claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discharge or spark gap is fed by a known surge voltage generator. H. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the event of a discharge, the electrical energy that occurs between the discharge space and the electrodes, which in turn form the discharge path between them, is capacitively divided. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that to generate several liquid jets one after the other, the liquid volume is constantly replenished and electrical discharges are carried out one after the other. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that nan interrupts the liquid feed for the duration of each electrical discharge. 209811/0669 7 ,. Device for carrying out a method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by: a) an electro-hydraulic chamber (11) with a liquid outlet (12); b) an electrical spark gap (16, 17) within the Kanuner (11); c) a liquid supply (1 * 4), which in the chamber (11) leads in; * d) an electrical material voltage supply for the spark gap (16, 17); and e) a switch (22) in the electrical supply circuit for timing the supply of the spark gap, wherein the properties of the electrical discharge of the spark gap are chosen such that in the liquid chamber a shock wave is created and at least part of the liquid contained in the chamber passes through the outlet (12) is ejected at a very high speed. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that £ fc the surge voltage generator is a capacitor high voltage generator. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that that the liquid outlet (12) eats designed in such a way that it ejects the ejected liquid in the form of a coherent volume of liquid. IQ. Device according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that that the liquid inlet to the chamber is a check valve with flow direction into the chamber 209811/0669 has, which during the duration of a discharge of the spark gap closed is. 11. Device according to one or more of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the spark gap between two electrodes (Ib, 17) is electrically isolated in the Chamber wall are held and the ends protruding into the chamber are surrounded by the liquid. 12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that that each electrode (16, 17) is held in an electrically conductive sleeve (18, 19) in an electrically insulated manner therefrom, and that each electrode is mechanically and electrically in communication with the chamber itself such that a capacitive voltage divider between the electrodes C16, 17) and the actual Chamber (11) is formed. 13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the Chamber (11) and the capacitors of the surge voltage generator (23) are not connected to a common ground, but that the Electrodes (16, 17) are grounded together. It. Device according to claim 7, characterized by a check valve in the feed line of the chamber. . Device according to one or more of the. preceding claims 7 to 14, characterized by a shut-off valve (2t) in front of a liquid outlet (IH) of the chamber, which during an electrical discharge of the surge voltage generator (2 3) is open. 16. Device according to one or more of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the actual discharge chamber in connection with a cylinder and is connected to a piston movably mounted therein, 209818/0669 - Eat - da |> άβψ inlet £ 31) formed in dpr cylinder.yand is $
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