DE2151908A1 - Signal converter for fluidic controls - Google Patents

Description

24ο

PATENT LAWYERS

WA * ^US
DIPL-IHG. HcN ^

Ef 333 10/18/71

ENFO Development and Research AG, Schaan

(Liechtenstein)

Signal converter for fluidic controls

The invention relates to; rely on a signal converter for fluid! fichG controls, inib one through a fluid operated switching element having a deflection chamber in the v / enig.'jbens opens a jet nozzle and from the catch nozzles for the on; the jet of force exiting the jet nozzle.

Control engineering is well known Switching elements of the type mentioned for carrying out a wide variety of Control process used. Boi. the known switching elements v / i rd dor jet of force emerging from the jet nozzle distracted by control stalks, which are fed into the Deflection chamber were fed. Depending on the design, Tc-rm takes place the deflection continuously (analog switching elements) or in

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"Form of a sudden swing (digital switching elements). 'By deflecting the beam of force, the servant becomes one Aüffangdüse switched to the other, so. that in AbhangLg- ^ coit from the respectively supplied control signal * to a specific one Output an output signal can be obtained. The. Work.- * · Wise of the «digital switching elements, based on utilization the .Vandstrahleffekts, whereby the emerging from the jet nozzle Power ray, a straight or curved .Vand exposed flows and adheres to it until, for example, by the action of a Control beam is detached and deflected in a different direction. Analog switching elements, on the other hand, are based on the principle

™ doc impulse exchange between power jet and control jet, with the force beam by an amount equal to the momentum of the Control jet is proportional, is deflected from its neutral position along the nozzle axis. .After the end of the exposure of the control beam it returns to its neutral position. Both types of switching elements are used to carry out control and locking operations of the most varied of types.

The invention is now based on the object of providing a signal converter using switching elements of this type create an input signal in the form of thermal energy in a pneumatic output signal in the form of pressure and / or

fc converts flow rate. The signal conversion should be both digital, as well as analog or analog-digital. To solve this problem, the invention is based on physical phenomenon known per se from that the deflection a gas jet by .heating the curved .vand which it adheres, can be influenced. This physical Effect; However, it has so far only been observed in asymmetrical arrangements, with problems of zero stability and sensitivity; occur against external influences.

Bm ORfGiWAL

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The invention also makes use of this physical effect and consists in the fact that in the Abienkkainmer in the exit area of the power jet (s) from the jet nozzle (s) at least two cells are symmetrically arranged, to which control signals in the form of '.Yaraie energy to deflect the force or force ο rahlon can be supplied. This creates a signal converter that converts control signals into simple' ViOi.se control signals in the form of 'heat energy in fluidic output signals'. Poor energy, can be supplied as electrical heating energy or also directly in "ovn of ", "Tümc radiation," as laser radiation ocier. du'rch iVänaelcitunp ;. The signal converter according to the invention is particularly suitable as an input device "for fluidic controls. ^: e can be used everywhere, v; o in particular electrical signals are to be converted into fluidic signals, for example to connect a fluidic control to an existing electrical control, such as when equipping existing machine tools with additional devices, or if a fluidic control is to be used Control should process input greetings that are thermal or electrical by nature, for example when measuring the number of pieces by photocells or when switching oven cooling fans on and off as a response to a temperature measurement, or even with a fluid! See autopilot, if a correction signal is to be processed in response to the deflection of an electrically read gyrocompass.

A preferred embodiment of the signal converter according to the invention is constructed symmetrically, with only one convergent-divex-gent Jet nozzle or at most two, symmetrically arranged in the switching element and one common resulting jet force generating jet nozzles provided r.ind. In contrast to the well-known syiaraetrisehen flow elements, in which the jet of force is either at one or the other rests against the other nozzle wall, also occurs in the direction

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the nozzle aclise to a stable position, which after a. The invention is possible, ooforao the Ke ynold tusche number of the flow does not exceed a certain size, which is dependent on the geometric shape of the jet nozzle. The exact "geometric shape of the signal converter must be determined by experiments." In an arrangement in which a short nozzle piece with a constant V / eite is followed by a divergent nozzle part, the walls of which are convexly curved with a radius corresponding to eight times the nozzle width, this is "critical ßeynolds number" about 4-5> oo.

In this embodiment of the invention, the power jet can be deflected from its stable central position by heating or cooling one or the other heating element provided in the exit area of the jet nozzle, without completely resting against the wall, ie the power jet in its stable central position returns as soon as the "heating element * is no longer heated or cooled. The deflection angle of the" power "beam per unit of heating output is about" three times that of, Voi'teE, the böi use of an asymmetrical .jK.se can be achieved ¹ ; Since, in addition, d'io 'beam deflection under certain flow conditions of foreign in-liquids', in particular on the flow rate and the temperature of the force

strähles, 'largely independent and -iir. essential only from ' _fc * «^ .- _v - - ^ -.

depends on the energy supplied, also results Sufficient stability of the signaling process. Gomit will receive a largely unonij-firidlichos device against external influences, which can be used advantageously in a wide range of pressure, temperature and vibrations.

The Hoizelernente can according to the invention made of thermally conductive There are heating plates built into the walls of the deflection chamber. The time behavior of the signal transmitter is displayed in essentially determined by the inertia of the heating elements. Around To achieve rapid response and switching times, the heating

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Plates can be heated up as small as possible, but cool down just as quickly after the supply of heating energy has stopped. This can be achieved according to the invention by Ileizplabben made of metal foils, which ^aU! · ⁵ porous. Material applied, for example vapor-deposited or electrolytically applied. According to one embodiment of the invention, the heating plates made of metal foils can be stretched in a self-supporting manner over at least one recess in the V / and the Ablon chamber. In both cases, air is used to insulate the heating elements, which is not only a very good "." For example, titanium foils with a thickness of about 4 microns have proven to be suitable as metal foils.

In this embodiment, the walls of the deflection chamber are advantageously made of a material with good thermal conductivity, at least in the area of the heating plates, it being possible to provide a heat-insulating intermediate layer between the heating plate and the wall of the deflection chamber. The well heat-conducting wall parts, which connect to the heating plate, also ensure good dissipation of the residual heat absorbed over a long period of time, while the air spaces between these wall parts due to the porous material used or the arrangement of recesses provide good thermal insulation bowlrkon, T3o that the required heat energy is low ist.Auch the hest'.värme isb _r relatively small because almost all of the ^li oi. ζ Power is delivered to the flow emerging from the nozzle. MR. this type of construction could have a time constant of about ^l jo mc rr :: ■ <_ ·; r: ht. ■ // <. ■ nion, .vas corresponds to a response time of approx. 20 ms for digital Voi-won-jung. In fact, elok t; rise ho

Kocht.ockri.grialo von l ^{) r} j pulses /, can still be converted into pneumatic signals with a brawny amplitude.

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The heating elements can be electrically heated so that the signal converter converts electrical input signals into pneumatic output signals. However, channels can also be provided be on the back of the heating plates a Heizodor Cooling medium can be fed. This can be done solely for the purpose of one Pre-improvement of the // thermal insulation of the heating plates and for rapid dissipation of the residual heat, for example with electrical heating. It is also in accordance with the invention possible to have at least one channel from the supply channel in front of the jet nozzle, so that part of the Sbrahl, nozzle supplied flow medium is also used as a cooling medium for the heating elements. A'enn the channels in a circuit are connected to the supply and discharge of heating or cooling medium, however, the heating of the heating elements and thereby the control of the signal converter through the input and output 'Discharged medium take place. The control signals are immediate in the form of "thermal energy through ϊ / ürleitung. In this embodiment it is expedient to use the switching element in the area of the heating plates and preferably also the

ν channels aas -a material with schiech-tex- thermal conductivity · ,. so that poor losses are avoided.

■ '* In the framework of the invention there is also the Müglin tike.it, d, ie -Heating plates ^ on '· their back with indirect heating by radiation, e.g. thermal radiation or laser, what for example through. in the walls of the steering chamber provided recesses or channels can be made, which are covered by the heating elements.

Using the principles of the invention are various Training of the signal converter possible. In a design with a single convergent-divergent "jet nozzle are according to the invention the two heating elements on the Ä'änder the jet nozzle arranged diametrically opposite one another. A problem-free Nallstabilifcäfc in the laminar area is according to the invention achieved by an embodiment in which the

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Switching element two fed by the same input, in at an acute angle to each other in the cera Has emptying jet nozzles and each in the exit area Jet nozzle arranged ict a heating element. In both cases Both an analog and a digital mode of operation can be achieved. iVenn the collecting nozzles of the switching element have a sharp-edged inlet opening, this results in an analog signal conversion, whereas with funnel-shaped extended training of the collecting nozzles with rounded edges of their inlet openings a digital signal conversion adjusts.

In the signal converter according to the invention, a switching element can be used in a manner known per se with two collecting nozzles are, but also versions with three or more collecting nozzles lying next to one another in one level and a corresponding one Number of signal outputs can be implemented. Beyond that it is possible according to the invention, a plurality of Fangdür.en symmetrically in a three-dimensional arrangement in the switching element to be provided and the heating elements in the drainage chamber in spatial distribution around the jet nozzle, so that a spatial deflection of the exiting force jet possible i ;; t. There are thus multiple, practically unlimited Possible uses for the inventive Signal converter.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In these show:

Figs. 1 and 2 each have an embodiment so the egg game Signal converter according to the invention in a schematic representation, Figs.?, 4 and 5 details of further embodiments,

6 shows another possible embodiment of the invention and

FIG. 7 shows a design with several channels in a three-dimensional arrangement.

BATH ORIGINAL

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In all exemplary embodiments, the signal is wan dl. or au «a designated 1! switching element, the structure of which Im Principle corresponds to that of the known wall radiation elements In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6, the switching element 1 has a flat base plate 2 in which channels are recessed, which are covered by a flat cover plate that can be placed on the base plate 2. The top plate is in the drawings are omitted so that the channels in the base plate 2 can be seen. According to FIG. 7, there is the switching element 1, on the other hand, consists of a base body 3, which is only partially shown. In the base plate 2 or in the base body 3 is a deflection chamber 4 is recessed, into which one or more jet nozzles 5 open and from which at least two catching nozzles 6 extend, which each lead to an output channel 7. The jet nozzle is in connection with an inlet channel 8 via which the working medium, usually air or another gas, is supplied. In addition, ventilation channels can be provided, which are denoted by 9 in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6.

In the deflection chamber 4 of each switching element 1, in the exit area of the power jets from the jet nozzles 5 *, at least two heating elements 10 are arranged symmetrically, which consist of heat-conducting heating plates built ^{into the walls of the deflection chamber 1.} It is advantageous to use thin metal foils which are applied to a base made of porous material, for example vapor-deposited or electrolytically applied. Such a design is from the ¹¹ Ig. 1 and 2 can be seen. According to FIG. 3, however, is in the ',' / and the deflection chamber ever? Heating element 1o has a recess 11, over which a metal foil forming the heating element 1o is stretched in a self-supporting manner. The base plate 2 consists at least in the area of the heating elements 1o from a .Verkstoff with good V / thermal conductivity, so that after the supply of thermal energy to the heating elements 1o the heat can be dissipated relatively quickly from them. To improve the cooling of the heating element 1o, a channel 12 is also provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG

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the 'jet nozzle-5 ^ n the recess 11 opens, one of which ""; Vent IJ. into the; Free leads. Daduroh will be a part of the "trains led flow medium branched off and over the Channel 12 through, the recess 11 for the purpose of cooling the heating element Io hlnduranguided. *.

The arrangement of the Heizele _r 1o elements shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is the same electrical bestiumt by supplying energy to electric heating. According to Fig. 4, however, Xri: areas 14 are recessed in the base plate 2, via which a heating or cooling medium can be fed to the rear side of the heating elements 1o. The channels 14 can be used in a circuit for supply or discharge: of heating or cooling medium must be connected. The heating; ier heating elements 1o and thus the control of the signal converter takes place by means of a gaseous or liquid medium. 5 shows in the right half a device for heating the heating element 1o by means of thermal radiation. This Einrio .tang is arranged in a bore 15, which is directed to the! Ι ·; · ^r z <-l - :: ment 1o, and consists of eLnöm electrical -: ie iZ-.videi'Ktand 16 and a converging lens . 17 · in the left half of Figure 5, however, in the bore 1 J> a SETUP | j installed · 18, inii;. which the heating element Io is heated by laser beams. The heating of the heating elements 1o of the signal converter according to the invention can thus be carried out in different ways and by different heating energy sources, so that the signal converter has a wide range of applications.

In the signal converter according to FIG. 1, the switching element 1 has a single convergent-divergent jet nozzle 5 and the two liei ze] cmonte 1o ειη the walls of the jet nozzle 5 are arranged diametrically opposite one another. A signal supplied by the Eirigangskanal .8 gaseous or possibly also flüsijigos flow medium Grit fr through the jet nozzle 5 as Kraftiitrahl Ln the Ablenkknmrnor ^l \ now. If the Reynolds number of the flow does not exceed a certain size, which depends on the geometric shape of the jet nozzle 5

BAD ORIGINAL. .

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can be determined through experiments, the point from the jet nozzle 5 exiting jet of force in the direction of the nozzle axis stable middle position. The same signal occurs in both output channels. Now use one of the two heating elements 1o heating energy supplied or the other heating element cooled becomes, there is a deflection of the power ray from his stable central position, whereby the output signal is larger in one of the output channels 7, but smaller in others. To Increasing the heating of the heating element 1o reverses the beam back to its stable central position. The deflection angle is proportional to the supplied heating power. It can thus with the signal converter according to Fig. 1 in the form of Wcürmeenergie supplied signal analog in a pneumatic or .hydraulic output signal in the form of pressure and / or flow rate converted v / erdqn; ■

The signal converter shown in FIG. 2 has essentially the same functions. It is. the switching element 1 is provided with two 'input 8' fed at an acute angle to each other in a common deflection chamber ⁷ + opening jet nozzles 5, where a heating element 1o is arranged in the exit area of each jet nozzle 5. Here, too, the two heating elements 1o are arranged symmetrically and diametrically opposite one another The central position is deflected, so that the roaultierondo force beam is also deflected and the output signals are sub-divided into the output duct 7. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG According to FIG. 2, the entries to the catch nozzle 6 are provided with rounded edges 19, which results in a digital signal conversion. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, a digital one can also be obtained by Ab ^ u.ndung the edges of the Tilntrittsöffnungen of the catch nozzles 6

BATH

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Signal conversion can be achieved while through. Arrangement of sharp-edged collecting nozzles in the _x version according to FIG. 2 an analog signal conversion is possible. =. '. ,

The signal converter shown in Fig. & Has a total of four catching nozzles 6 and four outlet channels 7 ^- . The inlet openings of the catching nozzles G are sharp-edged; but a digital signal conversion is also possible. The signals picked up at the outputs of one of the output channels 7 also change in this case as a function of the heat energy carried out by the heating elements, the force jet emerging from the jet nozzle 5 from its stable medium. position can be deflected to the left or to the right, depending on whether the left or right heating element 1o is heated or the other heating element is cooled.

The signal converter according to FIG. 7 enables a three-dimensional. Sional deflection of the force jet emerging from the jet nozzle 5. For this purpose, four heating elements 1o are arranged around the jet nozzle 5 approximately at right angles to one another, which can optionally be heated or cooled. V characterized ei can η in the form of "Värmoenergie supplied signal into an analog or digital output signal at the output of the output channels / converted '/ ground, wherein the Grö3e of the output signals in the individual output channels 7 of the size of the supplied V / ärmeenergie and also on depends on which of the four heating elements 1o and to what extent it is heated or cooled. In this embodiment, too, the supply of thermal energy can take place in the form of electrical energy, but also by direct supply of a heating or cooling medium or in the form of radiation it is also easy to see that in all the embodiments shown, "the respective deflection of the force beam depending on the temperature difference between the four in the deflection chamber 4-

5A0 ORIGINAL

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Arranged heating elements orfolfs, go that the same effect by. Heating up one heating element or by cooling it down achieved the other, diametrically opposite heating element can be.

Patent examination

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Claims (1)

Claims; (y signal converter for fluidic controls, with a through ■ a fluid operated switching element, -the one · • has deflection chamber, "in .the", "at least" one "jet nozzle • *. Opens and v © h of the catch nozzles' for the one from the jet nozzle ,, outgoing - criminal offense go out j «characterized by "that in 'the deflection chamber (4) in the outlet sberei, ch of or radiate power. the .jet nozzle (s) (5) little- ■ st s zv / ei heating elements (1o) .symmetrically arranged; are, · -. * which control signals in the form of thermal energy to deflect · the or · the. Rays of force can be supplied '. ^. . 2. Signal converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element (1) is constructed symmetrically and at least one wall of the jet nozzle (5) or the jet nozzles after the narrowest nozzle cross-section is continued in a convexly curved curve, the curvature of which is dimensioned in such a way that that, depending on the Reynolds number of the supplied flow, a stable position of the force jet in Direction of the axis of symmetry of the switching element, the Reynolds number preferably in the range of 1500 to 5000 is. 3. ■ signal converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the heating elements (1o) consist of thermally conductive heating plates which are built into the walls of the deflection chamber (4) are. 4. Signal converter according to claim 3, characterized in that the Heizplattpn (1o) consist of metal foils on applied to a base made of porous material, e.g. vapor-deposited or electrolytically applied. 209819/0601 BAD ORrGtNAL 5 «signal converter according to claim 3, characterized in that that the heating plates (1o) consist of iwetallfolien which cantilevered over at least one recess (11) in the wall of the deflection chamber (4) are stretched (Figure 3). 6. Signal converter according to one of the claims. 3 to 5, thereby characterized in that the walls of the Äblenkkammer (4) at least in the area of the heating plates (1ο) from one Material with good »thermal conductivity exist, with at most a heat-insulating intermediate layer between Heating plate (1o) and V / and the deflection chamber (4) is provided. 7 · Signal converter according to one of Claims 1 to. 6, characterized in that that the heating elements (1o) can be heated electrically. 8. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that channels (12,14) are provided, via which a heating or on the back of the heating elements (1o) Cooling medium can be supplied (Fig. 3 and 4). 9. Signal converter according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one channel (12) extends from the jet nozzle (5) (Fig. 3). 10. Signal converter according to claim 8, characterized in that the channels (14) are connected to a circuit for supplying and removing heating or cooling medium. 11. Signal converter according to claim 1d, characterized in that that the switching element (1) in the area of the heating plates (io) and preferably also the channels (14) consists of a material with poor thermal conductivity (FIG. 4). 12. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the heating elements (1o), in particular Heating plates, on their back with indirect heating by radiation, z-.B. Heat radiation (16) or ■ Laser. (18), are provided (Fig.5). 209819/0601. BATH ORIGINAL 15. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to 12, with a single konvorgont-divergente.n jet nozzle, characterized in that the two heating elements (1o) are arranged diametrically opposite one another at the ends of the jet dune (S) (Fig. 1). 14. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized characterized 'that the switching element (1) two by the same Input (8) fed at an acute angle to each other into the jet nozzles (5 having the outer nozzle wall after the narrowest Nozzle cross-section is continued in a convex curved curve (Fig.2). 15 · Signal converter according to claim 14, characterized in that a heating element (1o) is arranged ^{in each 1 of the two curved nozzle walls.} 16. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to 15i, characterized in that the catch nozzles (G) of the switching element (1) have sharp-edged uir.grenste inlet openings to achieve an analog signal conversion (Fig.1). 17. Signal converter according to one of claims 1 to I5, characterized in that _v , daf: the Fangdüseri (6), the switching element · ,. · "CO" ^{z 'ur} ^ rr.ieluiag' a digital signal conversion ¹ '· funnel örniig evwe Lte-rte ^ Eintrittsof fnungeh with .vorzugs-.wei.se rounded Krciiten · (Ί9) have (Fig.cl) "!" . · 18. S'ignaTwahdlox ¹ naex) eii; e: n 'of claims 1 to 1-7, thereby •. characterized in that a plurality of • Fangd.üse.n (6)> in three-dimensional arrangement. in the switching element (1) symmetrically * *% ■. · · · · tri'sch intended. and the liei-selemente (1o) * jn der. Diversion chamber (4). j.n spatial distribution around the jet, nozzle £ 5) are arranged around. (Fig.7) · ·. ENFO Development and Research AG, Schaan Vienna _t am ^ i- represented by: 209819/0601