DE2132647A1 - Process for the continuous production of foils - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DR.-ING. WOLFF, H. BARTELS, H / 93 ^{8 M} ° NCHEN 22 ... 7., .... JmJLlS? 1

DR. BRANDES, DR.-ING. HELD phone = (on) 293297

Registration number. 123,000

Eastman Kodak Company, 343 State Street, Rochester, New York State, United States of America

Process for the continuous production of foils

109882/1744

The invention relates to a method for continuous Production of foils, films or tapes from polymers with high melt viscosities at temperatures below their decomposition temperatures.

Processes for the production of polymer sheets, films or tapes are already known. In the production of Films ,, foils or tapes made of polymers with a high molecular weight, generally on the order of, for example, about 500,000 or higher, various difficulties arise, e.g. B. the so-called "melt fracture", which is the instability within the melt flow of polymeric materials can be defined by a nozzle that starts and closes at the entrance to the nozzle Surface irregularities, for example a regular one

one

Helix or irregularly spaced corrugations on the finished object leads to "elastic recovery ¹¹ , chain splitting and changes in other rheological properties. These different tendencies to degradation are obviously due to the high melt viscosities, the high shear sensitivity, the thermal instability or any combination of these properties which these polymers have and which appear when the material is subjected to conventional molding processes, in particular an extrusion process. Materials which have these properties are usually very difficult to shape, since many polymers, although the melt viscosity of the polymer can generally be reduced by increasing the temperature at which the shaping of the polymer is carried out,

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2132 ^ 47

especially the high molecular weight materials, decompose before their melt viscosity reaches a reasonable, practical value on the order of for example, about 100,000 poise has been decreased. So can these polymers, even though they are based on values are immediately below their decomposition temperature, are actually "melted" in the real sense of the word, keeping their melt viscosities so high that they do not flow to any great extent | And try to get them to extrude, have led to the occurrence of a "melt fracture" caused by back pressures (back pressure) or a excessive shear stress, which is the driving force per The unit of area that the polymer pushes through the nozzle is caused. There are already many different procedures have been proposed for making such materials including the melt stretching of partial deformed polymer films, but none of these processes enables the continuous production of films from such polymers.

Probably the main reason why these methods are unsuccessful is a phenomenon known as "elastic memory". Among them, generally the \ inclination of the formed films or ribbons of polymers having a high melt viscosity to be understood to return to its original state prior to deformation, and it is measured by the elastic energy. Melt stretching processes and other processes that have hitherto been used for processing polymers with a high melt viscosity

109882/1744 bad original

have largely failed, as stretched or under other conditions in the melt that existing in the melt elastic energy exceeds the cohesion earth, so that a break occurs.

The object of the invention is now to provide a method for continuous Manufacture of foils, tapes and films from materials of the type described above, at r ^ m the enamel fracture problems mentioned above, which are associated with the previously known Fabrication systems occurred can be avoided.

f is the subject of the invention, a process for the continuous production of films from polymers with high melt viscosities at temperatures below their decomposition temperature doors, which is characterized in that the polymer

a) softened by heating,

b) without applying a noticeable dynamic pressure or Paick- " Staues or a noticeable shear stress in one of two to at least the sticking temperature of the polymer T7alzenspa.lt formed by heated pressure rollers rotating at exactly the same speed introduces,

c) between the heated pressure rollers without packing under Rolls out the pressure into a film and

d) cools down.

The polymeric materials to which the method of the invention is applicable are generally e.g. B.

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vm nolym ^ ro materials with molecular weights greater than ctvja 5no 00Π which are degraded hot for processing using standard extrusion techniques in any of the above-mentioned ways. As already mentioned, such materials are characterized by the fact that their melting viscosity is so high below their decomposition current temperature that their melting viscosity is so high that they can be processed by extrusion through a band manufacturing nozzle to achieve a usable, uniform film or by preform and melt drying is impossible. Although, as already mentioned, these materials are generally characterized by the fact that they boast high molecular weights, this does not always apply, since polymerisafe with an average molecular weight (200,000 to 300,000) also have a high melt viscosity are known.

Examples of such inventively usable materials are: polyethylene with very high molecular weight (^ 500,000), Poly (ether oxvd) with an approximate molecular weight of more than 550,000, very high molecular weight polypropylene, Polybutpn-1, poly (4-methylpentene) and copolymers thereof, Vinylpolvmerisate, such as. B. poly (vinyl chloride), Pol v (vinvl f Itiorid), poly (vinyl acetate) and copolymers thereof, poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (trifluorochloroethylene), Polv (tetrafluoroethylene), poly (trifluoropropylene) and mixed polymers! sate thereof, acrylic polymers, x ^ 7ie z. B. polyacrylonitrile, Poly (acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, polymethylncrylnt as well as copolymers thereof, polyester, w? e z. B. Poly (ethy-1 entp- ^ ephthalate), poly (ethylene isophthalate), polyether, V7ie z. B. Po! 3 / (methylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide), poly (butylene oxide),

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Poly (butadiene monoxide), poly (styrene oxide) and copolymers and terpolymers thereof, polyamides, such as. B. Poly (hexamethylene adipamide), PolyChexamethylene sebacamide) and polyurethanes, such as. B. the fiber-forming condensateίοη? Ηο1ντηρτ1 sat from Hexamethylene! iisocy ^ nat and tetramethylene glycol (Perlon U) and in general any polymer with a high melt viscosity in the order of about 100,000 τ> _ο \ _s0 at temperatures below the decomposition temperature range of the polymer, at which in the course of processing before use more common Procedure a degradation occurs.

The previously known methods clearly show that attempts to process such materials, for example by extrusion, or by extrusion and melt stretching, arise many difficulties, especially melt fracture, which can be attributed to the high melt viscosities of such materials are. This phenomenon, which manifests itself in the formation of rough, broken and slit films when foils are extruded from the materials mentioned above, is exemplified in volume TI of "Tnebrn ca! Papers", exemplified at the 12th annual National Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers in ^{January 1} , 1956, described in more detail. The films produced on this I-Jei ^ e have a low value, since they ^{are unsuitable for r} ^ he usual film applications.

Fie already described in general, must be with the process of the invention has several very critical features carefully controlled to ensure its successful implementation. Each of these factors are discussed below

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in the order of its occurrence and in application dnc "procedure described in more detail e ^

The first stage ( ^c stage a) of the process of the invention consists in that the polymer is heated to a temperature which is sufficient to soften it or to melt it, thereby causing it to melt suit guests practicable ^TT ert reduce to a proces tbarkei zn t achieve • ipdoch not ert up to such a ^ ^T, in which a reduction βρ <? Polymer occurs. Πιο softening in this way and ^{T. T} ei ^ p is generally the fact that one to about 95 C lower than the thermal Zersetzun ^ stemperaturbereiches erhitrt the material to a temperature range within etvja 5, obvTohl the distance between the K live temperature or the temperature at which the two masses of the molten polymer adhere to one another, to the Zersetzunp-stempe ^ aturbereich of the material varies greatly from polymer to polymer. In the case of Verv ^T endunp; ^ ^R on polyethylene with a ultra high molecular weight (molecular weight of about 500,000) 1iejt the softening point or the adhesive Tempera door, for example, at about 175 C, while it is impossible to extrude a film at temperatures up to 300 C without thermal decomposition occurs. This polymer can be rolled out under pressure to produce the film by the process of the invention, as will be explained in more detail below, at temperatures of the order of 150.degree. Poly (ethylene oxide) materials, which have a molecular weight in the order of 550,000, deform under pressure at about 125 ° C, while their decomposition temperature range is generally about 180 ° C and the actual rolling under pressure can be performed with pressure rollers

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Temperature of about 127 ° C. The pre-heating for softening of the polymer is varied a parameter ^ e ^ depending on the type of material to be formed very star ¹ '. However, the heating is generally carried out within the limits given above.

In the second critical stage (stage b) of Verfahron ^c der Erfiruhmg the polymer softened by the action "on TTaTie in the space between two heated pressure rollers without excessive back pressure and i.inter ^ n ^ ond-ung an aprin ^ n shear stress, like defined above introduced. at this point are ^σ at the usual Extru long experienced the attempts to process the materials described herein have failed because or during during the extrusion process ^ of the passage of the polymer through the die or during the Schmelzreckung the partially-formed films, a melt fracture (melt fracture) occurred. Although this is hänomen ^p has not yet fully understood, it is believed that the application of a shear stress or a back pressure on the polymer, which is present already in a softened state, for example when one pass under pressure through a nozzle opening »Zxi a breaking, tearing odor

f leads to other physical destruction of the polymer, so that the undesired product described above is obtained. It is therefore absolutely critical for the successful implementation of the process of the invention that the softened polymer does not have any excessive or even noticeable back pressure or shear stress during the time after it has softened and at the time at which it is in the gap between

entering see the heated pressure rollers /, which, as follows in more detail

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^ η becomes, al ⁰ "\ uswa Iz du sen lippen" for deformation dos τ * ο 1 vmρ-H «sfit". «'τη the foil shape with a minimum of sharply increased n" d "n- ^ turning pressure acts , puked V ⁷ : \ rc ¹ .

The "h ^ rführung the softened material"? From the Frweirhungsvnrri rect (eip "° of any type and vorzugswei of Fisehtei Is se a conventional extruder) in the nip of the pressure rollers ⁷ ann 'rt in any suitable ^A and mode are performed. A method which has proven to be very suitable and which is described in more detail below in the examples consists in softening the polymer in a conventional extrusion device and opening it through the opening DTI conical ^ nplatte that remained after the Entferrun slot die using tprialjen generally to Hersf-p] ^ ^r lunp- on thin strips or films ATIS polymeric ^ M "of the": is split into the fold en introduced. The F.rfa riin ^ ^0: with: this type of makeshift Able.jevorrichtnncr 7 _e io; t that the Polvtnerisat from any Öffnunp · with a conical taper can no longer v as defined in dp-η nip about 60 / ground Since this type of opening eliminates the build-up of excessive back pressure and reduces the shear stress on the material as it leaves the extrusion unit. The use of a conventional nozzle or even an excessively narrowing plate opening leads to the formation of a footprint. ^c , when the softened polymer is pressed out of the mixer part of the extruder, v / as in turn leads to a "melt fracture" of the softened polymeric material. Ks is clear, ri ^ ß to soften and introduce the poly-

1 09882 / 17U BAD ORIGINAL

merisats in the pressure nip also some other suitable System can be burned, although the use of the system described above is very convenient, since it has the advantage of being in pre-existing manufacturing facilities exists and that very little change is required, do ep for use to make suitable in this system.

The softened polymer, preferably under the action of gravity, is introduced (deposited) into the gap between the pressure rollers as it exits the extruder opening or from some other softening device and, of course, it must not be cooled significantly The high melt viscosities of the polishing materials suitable for the treatment according to the method of the invention allow the roller gap to be oriented. un ^ i the. ^a ustrittsstelle of the softened polymer in a horizontal plane, wherein the nip the Polvme-n 'rr> ·· withdrawn from the exit of the softened polymer. with this arrangement, the polymer must although the supply from the ^a ustrittssteile for short periods of time can take place a little faster than the absorption through the nip, so that the length of the polymer wipe the ^A ust At the junction and the nip, great care should be taken to ensure that the supply of the polymer is not so slow as to cause excessive tension or tension applied to the current, leading to breakage of the polymer or actually

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- τι -

leads to pir.em rupture of the stream. As the application of a meri-1i.chon tensile stress, a? Pressure or excessive pressure force must be avoided before the material passes through the nip, tmd to supply the nip with an equalized amount of softened polymer, so that the production of a continuous film over the entire width is possible It is generally necessary that a so-called "stagnation" of the softened polymer is accumulated at the end side of the pressure nip to achieve gkei.t DFIR right Beschickungsgeschwindi, but this is bi she ¹ "not the FpII and can not be done without some kind Fxtriision, di ^, would lead to melt fracture of the material as described above.

The st "*> b pns of the softened" polymer which leaves the nozzle plate opening according to a preferred embodiment of the invention can, as will be described in more detail in the following examples, along the pressure roller gap at regular intervals ^a back on bstärden and are shuffled to an even distribution of the softened polymer on the "StPAi" over the entire width of the roll gap and thus the formation to provide a film having a uniform thickness and quality.

^TT now hen the material softens and is inserted into the gap of the printing roll, the next critical feature of the process of the Frfindtmg therein, the identical speed _r -.- lο pressure rollers, its temperature and the between the gaps

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precisely control the prevailing pressure. F ^ r successful implementation dps method of the invention i ^ t it is very important that both pressure rollers (and thus in the opposite seal around their respective axes) move in the same ■ direction relative to the surface of the to be molded sheet, with rotate at exactly the same surface speed so that absolutely no calendering, tearing, surface treatment (polishing) or slipping of one or the other pressure roller occurs. Any such error with respect to the correspondence ^{between the} speed of the pressure rollers leads to a staining of the foil or film, which in turn leads to the formation of the above-mentioned (uneven, broken and irregularly shaped material, which is unsuitable for foil and film applications).

This exact correspondence between the roller speeds can be achieved by means of a number of known mechanical Aids such as are usually used to achieve an exact Synchronization of neighboring UaI? .En applied v / earth, be achieved, for example those processes in which . E.g. a common energy system and precision work o Gear drives and / or drive chains are used.

The production speed of the type of device described is only dependent on the capacity of the expansion and / or Mixing device for feeding - / 'he pressure roller and the adjoining cooling device for recording without packing or exercise / Hmg of a train on the in the Drtickwalzenspa.lt molded foil restricted.

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rift demands that the speeds of the z ^ ystems goraii must fit together, must also <"iie

Hnr Drtic ^ walzon carefully regulated where-rd on to ensure that the polymer remains soft or sticky when ps is molded under pressure, that is, pressed and not calnndriert directly under shaping. therefore Ήο pressure rollers need to about the temperature IMD UbIicherweise within the obnn described be ^- be kept ^ eichos to pinp Krweichvnp;. to achieve the Polvmeri sats between the pressure roller and its point of contact with the polymer ■ ip ripjn ^TT ^ 1 z ^ nspal t vi .- »- d noi-Malerwoi ^ e a slight TJärmever-Iu ^ t" to occur, but this is harmless and can? .o- "• ar zwockmäni o- ^ a, to give you ^TT al" e something about the softening point to heat the PolAmnorisatP addition, to ensure that din temperature of the pressure rollers in the roll gap at the Bnrührun ^ snunkt has 7ert with the polymer the desired ^T. It is therefore generally preferred that the pressure rollers are heated to a temperature within the range of about 10 ° C. and about 100 ° C. above the melting point of the polymeric material, this range largely determining the type of polymer to be rolled out is and therefore varies greatly. A practical determination of the accuracy of the heat temperature can be made by determining whether the polymer adheres to the rollers or not, since such adhesion occurs at excessively high temperatures.

The turkey that Ualzeu exert on the softened Polyrae ^r if! .It is wrong. also V ⁷ Le djo temperature and the potation speed of the ^TT alzen are very carefully regulated. At the

109882/1744 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

The passage of the material through the diagonal roller gap should be ent.lanj? the Falzenspaltos deformation of the polymer "Tinter pressure occur, so that a" latte sheet or a shallow band is formed. In order to conduct such a uniformity 7II legal, i "st it ^v ri shows that oer pressure across · the width of the gap or the fold is uniform and at the point of maximum pressure applied the force is only within the range of about 9 to about 1- ^ 0 kg / cm (50 to 1000 pli) with the best results at a rolling pressure between about 9 and about 1 ° kg / cm (50 to 1 P ⁿ ψ pli) can be achieved. The application of a pressure well above this value can lead to micro-melting or tearing of the polymeric material in the salt split, so that an undesirable film of the type already described above is obtained.

Within the limits indicated above FoIi.on mi ^ a thickness within the range of about O to ₅ OOI? .7 to? N is about 0.508 mm (0.05 to 20 mils) are prepared Anwendimg the methods described above. The thickness of the film formed is determined solely by the thickness of the folding ™ gap through which the softened polymer is passed and therefore the thickness of the formed film can be easily adjusted.

The experience with this Fabrikationsmetbode? Isplays that their e-uccess large part to the use of erhit7t ^ n ^ Jalro. Back, "the identical Oborflächonge ^ chwindigko ¹ 'th rotate that, rather than cutting edge nn their Snalt as an edge, which lead to the creation of excessively high dynamic pressures

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or shear stresses within the "melt" and can therefore lead to a melt fracture of the polymer to act actually "lips ^TT alz" as act on firund its curved Fon "and its movement in the direction of T ⁵ OII cnbi 1 dun" - since ¹ = softened polymer with a lower pressure? ⁰ ii, the pich very slowly from a ^TT \ 'nri about O hip? U a "point within the above,

! flat area increases without any Schorspanmmg occurring. May arise cn-Ore prints which ion the material V7ie used in the claimed process to expose a Schervjrkung or this tear and these materials are - occur riiose ^Ti 7eisc no sharp edges axif, change in their ^ · when-mäßi " actually drawn into the nip to the extent that τη ο c]> are pressed together, vrodtirch the formation of a noticeable dynamic pressure in the claimed dip.

is HiRo ¹ "of the formation of the so-called" traffic jam ".

After onr deformation in the Urlzensnalf, όο.τ "Auswal ζ lips" delivers the material vrelchc t-'irksair extrudiei-en, e'n without increased back pressure acts thereon, the film vrv *? U ^f ■ naTintemnet-cooled rtur by nan <ue voTrugsweise PVF a Tr.äger any of any type (Tuftplatte, endless belt or the like.) through a gradually cooling environmental ^ ohipq of Tyos füh ^ 't as commonly used to produce ^ ^T ^ on films or Filnnna erialien applied vn.rd. It is not necessary to run the FIIT rHirch such Färmegrad enter or · during cooling necessary ^TT else on e ^ 'nen income - apply these precautions, however, make a film or tape of a higher quality,

^109882/1744 BADORIGiNAU

especially gut if the film thickness is below about 0.127 now (5 mils) lies and at the same time pine packing is changed to a Physical damage to the film is excluded.

Ui.e already briefly indicated, this is suitable according to the procedure The product obtained according to the invention for many purposes as a carrier and backing layer, for example in photographic applications as a substitute for paper for a wide variety of packaging materials other protective purposes.

It may be necessary, for example in the processing of Polväthylen ultra high molecular weight, to keep the polymer choosing the softening tmter application of urine xmd Her deformation in a nitrogen odor other Tn ^ rtgasatmosphnre as further assurance gep-en its thermal or other degradation.

It should be noted that the z using Uärme softened polymer prior to deformation to improve ode-r --- modification de various physical properties of the film without Modifizierimg όο ^ method of the invention odor pndere materials V7i e. B _# Pigments, ^TT sealants, reinforcing materials (e.g. glass fibers) or antistatic agents can be added, as long as none of the additives or their mixtures lead to such a strong degradation of the material that the deformation into a film is prevented. Such an addition is illustrated in Examples 3 and 6 below, in which about 2 to about 10 parts by weight of glass fibers were incorporated into the film in order to improve its physical strength.

10988 ^ / 1744 ^BAD ORIGINAL

The following examples illustrate the invention. Example T

A commercially available poly (ethylene oxide) resin (Polyox TT ^ 7i | .j_3f) Qo) _m ii- an approximate MoleHilargevricht of 600 000. vmrde ons a 2.54 cm (1 inch) Brabender extruder under Vervendun "a ¹ Uniformly conical screw (2: 1) extruded through a slot die with a width of 2.54 cm (1 inch) with a tap spacing of 0. OSOR cm (0.020 inches). i. deformed icl'eln ⁷ _c Vp "wi ^^ hen 0.0635 cm and 0.127 cm (0.025 his 0.050 inches), V7iesen rough surfaces, serrated edges Ήΐί and TT ₁ -IT-Z-Vn by ^A -iifv. Varying the temperature of the extruder from 125 to IRO C did not lead to any improvement in the quality of the parts obtained and there was no noticeable reduction in the back pressure in the extruder or in the torque required in the screw.

Example 2

The poly (ethylene oxide) resin used in Example 1 vmrde

on 125 <", vot-e ^ hi t? t, v.v'hrend it through the Brabender extruder bePörde- ¹ : τ-mrde e) ^T7 ar pus has been removed from the extruder, so that the polymerizate from the extruder is baked through the Dani-er plate directly into the gap of a 15.24 cm (6 inches). D ^ Tri '. v / nlzcnmiihle introduced vmrde. The UaI 7, s of the Fenn-

^T -mrden elek / tri ^ ch heated to 127 C \ vac \ arranged in such a way, nR the polymer to form a continuous band (web)

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a thickness of 0.0127 to 0.0125 cm (0.005 bin <\ oo6 inches) and a width of 7.62 cm (Ί inches) together vmrd The tape v ^T ar flat and without distortion, it pointed ^ lat-to ρ uniform OberfInchon and Canton on.

The Adaptorplatte through which "exiting the vororhit ^ to Polvmeri. Fitkontinuierlich in the Fenn Mill, was r-ne Metal 1-disc a thickness of 3 cm (1.175 inrh.es) with oi.net- kr? I r shaped Opening with a diameter of 1.QO cm (0.750 inches) on the side adjacent to the insect, dj. <-> H ^ hk "-Lei chmäPiin; tapered to a diameter ^ οη π _? 71Τ cm (0.2 ^ 0 inches) on the exit side. Because of this adapter position, there was practically no back pressure in the door when the polymer was passed through

Example 3

The procedure described in Example 2, this time a Polyäthv1enox3 ⁷ 'dhar''previously with 2 to 10 7-glass fibers femi see T- ordon var abp-esti ^ mf-, r \ nP> r ¹ ? "- Polvirerisat your to the HaIr ^ nspaIT back and forth ~ _nfülT» -t Tjerdon, without the st ^ b of the "pre-heated Polvmeri ^ at ^ at ^ any noteworthy Snanntmp ; zv / i see ^ ztruclrr ? md UaIr: ^ η tmterlag. A continuous film was formed, 0.0127 to 0.0152 cm (0.005 to 0.006 inches) thick and 15.24 cm (6 inchns ), which was free from distortions and had smooth, uniform surfaces and canopies.

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Dpi * ^ pi el U

Before using the device described in the example V ⁷ Hrde tried to extrude a polyethylene with an ultra-high molecular device (Hi-fax 1900) ? \\ . Even with antenna r <° doors, offered which occurred call thermal degradation of the polymer and the worm schwindi.gkei t the value of 5 rpm not iibe - »- ^oi" ie ¹ ^, was the pressed through the nozzle Ma tori rl Torzcrvt , it had rough, uneven surfaces and go-7 a ck ⁺ "e fan ton.

Example 5

The wide slot nozzle (flat nozzle) was removed from the extruder, and the polythene with a very high molecular weight was prepared at 230 ° C by the printer. The extrudate from the ¹ adapter xTurdp is introduced directly into the gap in the ^{T7 of} the Fenn mill. never Fair the Fenn Mill was maintained at a Temneratf.- ¹ * 1 50 Γ and esfeilt as a ^, daP they spread ^ p ^ PolyHthArlon 7U a continuous, 5.08 cm (? inches) and 0.0203 cm ( 0, on ^ inches) compressed the tape. The surface and crease of these tapes were great! ^att and even and the ligaments v7are free from voi- ^ erations. While represents Vorerhit ^ UNJ and Misvjalzung under pressure of the polyethylene was to maintain a nitrogen atmosphere over the slot extruder and the pressure roll mill.

As the above description and the above examples indicate, the claimed invention is

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drive to a continuous process for the production of foils, films and tapes from polymeric materials with high melt viscosities, low critical shear values and / or a low tendency to thermal degradation using common types of devices carried out in a new and unconventional way will.

ORIGINAL BATHROOM 109882 / 17U

Claims (7)

Claims IJ process for the continuous production of foils from Polymers with high melt viscosities at temperatures below their decomposition temperatures, characterized in that that the polymer a) softened by heating, b) without applying any noticeable back pressure or noticeable shear stress in either of two to at least the adhesive temperature of the polymer heated and rotating at exactly the same speed pressure rollers introduced nip formed, c) rolls between the heated pressure rollers without pveckung under pressure to form a film and d) cools down. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer is a polyethylene having a high molecular weight (^ 500,000), poly (ethylene oxide) with an approximate Molecular weight greater than 550,000, ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, polybutene-1, poly (4-methylpentene) or copolymers thereof, poly (vinyl chloride), polyvinyl fluoride), Poly (vinyl acetate) or copolymers thereof, Poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (trifluorochloroethylene), poly (tetrafluoroethylene), Poly (trifluoropropylene) or copolymers thereof, polyacrylonitrile, poly (acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, Polymethyl methacrylate or copolymers thereof, polyethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene isophthalate), poly- 109882/1744 ^{BAD 0RIGINAL} (methylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide), poly (butylene oxide), Poly (butadiene monoxide), poly (styrene oxide) or copolymers or terpolymers thereof, poly (hexamethylene adipamide), Poly (hexamethylene sebacamide) or polyurethanes are used. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the polymer having a high molecular weight is a polyethylene high molecular weight, poly (ethylene oxide) or an ultra high molecular weight polypropylene is used. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the polymer is softened by heating it in a softening device to a temperature within of the range from about 5 to about 95 ° C. below the decomposition range of the polymer. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the softened polymer from the softening device by one nozzle opening with a conical taper of not more than 60 in one formed by two pressure rollers Introduces gap. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the rollers are heated to a temperature within the Range from about 1 (Λ below to about 100 ^ above the Softening point of the polymer is. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the softened polymer during the passage through the Exposing the nip to a pressure which is within the range of about 9 to about 180 kg / cm. 109882/1744 -7- BATH ORIGINAL