DE2130199C3 - Current collector for an electrically powered vehicle moving along a stationary conductor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a current collector for an entlanj on a stretched, stationary conductor moving, electrically powered vehicle, especially for an electric train, with a speed Depending on the ability to slide or roll contact as well as al: arc electrode current pick-up part and with an associated drive device for speed-dependent starting and stopping de: Power take-off part on the stationary conductor and a blower device for controlling and stabilizing the: Arc.

In the development of high-speed railways, particular problems arise in connection with mi the supply of the required electrical energy from the fixed line to the one or those with An vehicles equipped with engines. In the case of a current consumption through mechanical contact between a pantograph element and the ortsfe most conductor occur significant difficulties increasing travel speed of the railways. These difficulties are in particular that changes in distance cannot be balanced quickly enough between the pantograph and the conductor can and a lifting of the pantograph with the resulting fluctuating or under Broken energy supply must be accepted.

Eir. such pantograph is known from DT-OS 18 06 422, namely a union of one sliding pantograph for low travel speeds with an arc pantograph a blowing device for the arc at high web speed. This is done after the ignition of the arc of this electrode moved with the web on a resistant to erosion Blown section and held there with its foot point by the blown field. With great energy transfer and longer travel time, however, difficulties arise with this embodiment as well the heat supply, as well as through the burn, the frequent replacement of the itself requires a relatively erosion-resistant material existing insert part. These disadvantages will be too not due to the cross-direction rotating movement known from the same reference the moving arc electrode alone completely avoided.

13er invention is based on the object of designing a pantograph of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that that a burn-off on the arc electrode moved with the vehicle is largely avoided or at least evenly distributed over the entire length of the electrode, which eliminates the difficulties of cooling will.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the arc electrode is designed as a longitudinal rail is, the axis of which runs parallel to the stationary conductor and which along the gap area of a blow magnet is arranged with the excitation winding in such a way that the arc stabilizes! and with its base on the arc electrode constantly in the direction of the stationary conductor - in relation to the stationary conductor Head, however, at the same average speed as the vehicle - is moved back and forth.

Due to the arrangement of the arc electrode provided as a running rail for the arc base point In the gap area of the blow magnet, the arc is stabilized with simultaneous action a magnetic blown field driving the arc.

During the movement of the arc in the longitudinal direction, one that runs parallel to the stationary conductor Longitudinal rail (arc electrode) must allow the back and forth movement of the arc base point on this so be set so that the mean speed of the arc corresponds to the speed with which the longitudinal rail (speed of the vehicle) moves with respect to the stationary conductor will. Otherwise an extension of the arc would result, with many disadvantages, such as large loss of power, re-ignition on a shorter route, etc. would be connected.

A preferred embodiment of the current collector can be seen in the fact that the arc electrode as a closed ring rail extending in the longitudinal direction of the stationary conductor with a connecting section to a sliding contact piece resting against the stationary conductor at low speed is formed, wherein the ring rail is arranged in the blowing field of the blowing magnet designed as a double magnet is, which has the excitation winding on its middle limb and additional windings on the yoke sections which has the blowing field of the excitation winding in the area of one longitudinal section of the ring rail increase and decrease in the area of the other longitudinal section.

With this arrangement, the arc is always on one longitudinal section of the ring rail with a greater speed old; the vehicle speed deflected in the direction of travel, while it is decelerated on the other longitudinal section and running remains in motion along the elongated ring rail. It is advisable to do this for the power consumption sliding contact piece provided for low vehicle speeds independent of the ring rail to keep movable in order to effect a metallic contact and arc ignition.

For this purpose, the connecting section of the ring rail with the associated sliding contact piece can be in the blowing field Another magnet are located, which when the sliding contact piece is lifted off the arc in the direction blows on the ring band.

To change the effect of the respective blow magnet and thus its influence on the arc can be provided in hamlet formation of the invention be that the excitation winding or additional windings of the blow magnet at least partially over ungcstcuerte or controllable rectifier valves are thus switched into the electric circuit fed by the arc are that the excitation winding or additional windings depending on the current strength and / or the local position of the arc, the direction of the feed or the voltage drop in the arc electrode are excitable in different ways.

This measure ensures that the arc in one direction at greater speed than the vehicle speed is diverted and in the other direction there is a delay the vehicle speed experiences, with the difference in speed of the arc compared to the vehicle speed is kept the same on average with different ίο signs. According to another embodiment of the invention, the arc electrode can also be used as a um a shaft rotating arc electrode may be formed.

In order to extract as little heat as possible from the arc at the pantograph - the cooling is No longer required due to the high arc speed on the two base point electrodes - you can finally also provide the arc electrode with an air deflector in the area of the gap generates a negative pressure and, if necessary, deflects the airstream so that it enters backwards.

Embodiments of the invention and in the subordinate claims Further developments marked are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. This shows schematically in

F i g. 1 a current collector, with only the circuit of the excitation winding for a blow magnet is indicated

F 1 g. 2 another embodiment of a pantograph,

3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 2, but below Reproduction of the blow magnet,

4 shows a section along section line IV-IV of F i g. 3,

F i g. 5a shows a special embodiment of a B'as magnet,

F i g. 5b for the blow magnet according to FIG. 5a associated arc electrode,

F i g. 5c shows a section along the section line V-V of FIG. 5b,

F i g. 6 shows a cross section through an arrangement made up of the blowing magnet from FIG. 5a and from the arc electrode the F i g. 5b,

F i g. 7 shows a cross section of the arrangement of FIG. 6, but in the area outside the ring shape of the arc electrode according to FIG. 5b and in

F i g. 8 shows a current collector with a rotating arc electrode.

The elongated, stationary conductor designated 1 in each of the figures can, as shown, have different cross-sectional shapes, which depends on the embodiment of the respective blow magnet or the arc electrode. The in the F i g. 1 to 4, the rectangular profile selected for the conductor 1 is ultimately also not absolutely necessary. The conductor can therefore easily be designed, for example, round or T-shaped in cross section.
; · 'The fixed conductor I is connected to schematically dargestell th Sirom feeders 2, which are expediently distributed over its length so that the Stronin the direction of the in the F i g. 1 to 3 reproduced arrows 3 and 4, that is, flows in the direction of travel of the electrical f> 5 path or of the load to be fed with the arrangement. When the current is switched, a current loop is automatically formed, which has a favorable effect on the arc movement.

Below the stationary conductor I is the one connected to the consumer, for example the electric train Arc electrode 5 is provided, which in the blow field one in FIGS. 1 and 2 only by the Excitation windings 6 indicated blowing magnets is arranged. Between the arc electrode 5 and the stationary conductor 1 is shown an arc 7, which corresponds to the direction of the arrow 8 is continuously moved in the direction of travel of the consumer on the conductor 1 and with a larger current in Burning shape of a ribbon.

In addition to the arc electrode 5, a sliding contact piece 9 is provided, which is supported by a spring 12 in mechanical contact with the arc electrode 5 is maintained and by an electromagnetic Actuating device 10 against the action of a spring 11 in the in the F i g. 1 to 3 shown wacky The sliding contact piece 9 is used for power supply at low driving speeds from the elongated, fixed conductor 1 to the consumer and at the same time to the ignition of the Arc 7th which by suitable blowing devices (magnet 69, FIG. 7) from the sliding contact piece 9 can be transferred to the arc electrode 5, as will be seen later in FIGS. 5 to 7 are set out in detail target.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 1 is the excitation winding 6 of the blow magnet, not shown in this figure, in the spy of which the arc electrode 5 is located, with its one end of the winding at a uncontrolled rectifier valve 13 connected, while a tap 14 via another, however In opposite directions to the rectifier valve 13 switched uncontrolled rectifier valve 15 with a line 16 is connected to a consumer.

The arrangement shown is used for the AC power supply of a consumer, in one Half-wave the entire field winding 6 from the field current - in the present case through the Feed current, which flows through the arc 7 - is excited, while in the other half-wave one decreased excitation of the excitation winding occurs. As a result of this different excitation of the excitation windings Very different blowing fields are generated, which increase per half-wave of the arc current lead to a different blowing effect and in this way an acceleration in one half-wave of the arc 7 in the direction of travel (arrow 8) so that the arc 7 moves faster in the direction of travel moves than the consumer, while in the other half-wave there is a delay in the arc movement occurs and thus the arc 7 is delayed in its speed with respect to the consumer and in this way a continuous back and forth movement of the arc 7 between the stationary one Conductor 1 and the arc electrode 5 is reached, but the arc 7, seen on average, with the same speed is moved along the stationary conductor 1 as the consumer in relation to on this ladder 1.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, the field winding 6 is connected to controllable rectifier valves 13 ′ and 15 ′ which are connected to a control device 17. These rectifier valves 13 'and 15' are controlled both as a function of the voltage drop of the arc current in the arc electrode 5 and of the strength of the arc current, which is measured by a converter 18 and the measured value of which is fed to the control unit 17. The voltage drop at the arc electrode 5 is determined between the measuring points 19 and 20, which are also connected to the control unit 17. This measurement of the voltage drop represents an analog actual value acquisition of the location of the arc 7, instead of which a digital actual value acquisition would also be possible, for example by means of a photocell connected to the control unit 17 in the area of the measuring points 19 and 20 leads to a voltage drop in the electrode 5 exceeding a predetermined actual value, the control unit 17 appropriately influences the controllable rectifier valves 13 'or 15' in order to switch the excitation winding 6 fully or only partially into the arc current path. The excitation winding 6 is switched in a similar manner as a function of the arc current intensity, ie when the current intensity is low, the full blown field or only part of it becomes effective.
As a result of the design described, a predetermined relative movement of the arc 7 with respect to the arc electrode 5 can be generated as a back and forth movement.

The F i g. 3 and 4 show the in FIG. 2 reproduced arrangement in a somewhat more detailed representation, especially with reproduction of the blow magnet 21 with the associated excitation winding 6. The Blow magnet 21 is designed as an almost closed ring magnet which has a gap 22 in which the arc 7 burns. The arc electrode 5 is as shown in FIG. 4 roughly T-shaped designed so that the arc 7 is held exclusively in the gap 22 and in this way a Stabili undergoes ization.

The blowing magnet 21 is laminated and is driven by the excitation winding consisting of flat profiles 6 excited.

The sliding contact piece 9 is connected via a rocker arm 23 to an actuating device, which in gleieher Way is effective as that in the F i g. 1 and 2 described.

The circuit arrangement of the controllable rectifier valves 13 'and 15' and the control device 17 and the converter 18 and also the measuring points 19 and 20 for the determination of the voltage drop in the arc electrode 5 corresponds completely to that according to FIG. 2.

The in the F i g. 5a reproduced embodiment of the blow magnet 30 is used for receiving a as Ring rail 55 formed arc electrode; it is in FIG. 5b and has a connecting portion 56 which is connected to the sliding contact piece 9 ir live contact is held. The sliding contact piece 9 is arranged in the same way as it is in connection with the F i g. 1 to 3 was written.

The blow magnet 30 according to FIG. 5a is like au! F i g. 6 it can be seen, designed as a double magnet with a telschenkel 31, so that two gaps 32, 31 arise in which the arc 7 burns under the stabilizing effect of the column The ring rail ne 55 has in the transition to the connec tion section 56 a cross section corresponding to F i g. 5c, ie it is provided in this transition area with an incision 57 which forms a narrow point for the arc current so that when the arc current decreases through the ring rail 55, the arc 7 does not tend to pass over to the connecting section 56.

The arc 7 is due to the excitation of the Blow magnets 30 (double magnets) in the area of the ring rail 55 continuously moved along the same and always burns in columns 32, 3V «<! ■ .: again this is taken care of. dall the Lich; U> gcn on one Section of the ring rail 55 - with respect to the stationary conductor I - is moved faster than the moving one Consumers, for example the web, while in the other area of the ring rail 55 there is a delay the arc movement takes place, so that in addition to the migration of the arc 7 along the conductor 1 a continuous movement of its foot point on the ring rail 55 occurs.

In order to generate these different movements, the blow magnet 30, which in turn is made of laminated Iron can exist, equipped on its middle leg 31 with an excitation winding 66 and also provided with additional windings 67, 68 on the yoke sections. The windings 66 or 67 and 68 are similar by a corresponding circuit arrangement as they are in connection with the F i g. 1 to 3 has been described, so excited that one of the auxiliary windings in the gap 32 and 33 is an increase of the blown field while the other winding leads to a reduction in the blown field in the other Gap leads. Due to this different blowing effect in the two gaps 32, 33, which in the same How the blowing action of the blowing magnet 21 (FIGS. 3 and 4) can be controlled, results in the different Movement speed for the arc 7 in the mentioned gap spaces.

The connecting portion 56, which is provided between the ring rail 55 and the sliding contact piece 9 is, as shown in FIG. 7 enclosed by a magnet 69, which has an excitation winding 70 carries, which ensures that after lifting the sliding contact piece 9 and igniting the arc 7 this is moved on the connecting section 56 in the direction of the ring rail 55.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 8, the stationary conductor 1 is T-shaped in its cross section and protrudes with the approach la in a SpJt 71 of a blower magnet 72, which in turn with an excitation winding 73 is equipped for self-excitation or external excitation. The arc electrode is in the case of execution according to FIG. 8 leads out as a rotating electrode 74, from which the current for the consumer via the rotating shaft 75 in the direction of arrow 76 by suitable current collectors for such rotating live parts are removed.

The rotating electrode 74 extends in the longitudinal direction of the blow magnet 72, so that the arc 7 due to the blow field in the gap 71 in the longitudinal direction of the blowing magnet 72 is moved depending on the direction of the blowing field and at the same time by the Rotationsbewes movement of the electrode 74 on its circumferential surface the.

The excitation winding 73 can in turn accordingly the representations according to the F ι μ. 1 and 2 are excited differently to achieve the desired movements of the arc 7 in the longitudinal direction of the stationary conductor 1 to be achieved.

In Fig. 8 it is shown that the gap 71 for the arc 7 is laterally bounded by insulating walls 79, which around the pole legs of the magnet 72 grasp. They advantageously consist of heat-resistant, However, little cooling materials, so that the arc 7 withdrew only small amounts of heat will. Its cooling is undesirable in the described arrangements and because of its rapid movement, otherwise additional losses and an increased voltage drop would occur.

In order to largely reduce the arc cooling, according to the example according to FIG. 3 an air deflector 81 may be provided, which is in the gap area Blowing magnets 21 (FIG. 4) or the one in FIGS. b to 8 shown magnets 30, 69 and 72 a negative pressure generated and if necessary diverts the airstream. that he enters backwards. Achieved by this arrangement man that the arc 7 is not against the high speed of the consumer Resistance of the wind must be moved. but in its movement in the direction of travel (arrow 8. F i g. 1) is still supported.

In order to arrange the arc electrode S in

VS shape of a longitudinal rail parallel to the stationary I .euer to ensure that the arc does not run over the ends, the device can be designed so that the 'üasmagnet for generating the back and forth movement of the arc over the essential length of the Running rail extends, while an additional blow magnet is arranged at each end of this running rail, similar to the magnet 69 surrounding the connecting section 56 in FIG. 7. This vorgese at the ends of the rail magnets are excited so that the arc before reaching the rail ends jewcil: is braked and blown in the opposite direction. This prevents the arc ', the arc electrode 5 leaves or in or gcgei the direction of travel is arched.

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

609 619/1;

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Current collector for an electrically driven vehicle moving along an elongated stationary conductor, in particular for an electric train, with a speed-dependent current collector part designed as a sliding or rolling contact and as an arc electrode and with an associated drive device for speed-dependent starting and stopping of the current collector part the stationary conductor and a blowing device for the control and stabilization of the arc, characterized in that the arc electrode (5) is open ISIN I calibration net formed as a longitudinal rail, extending with its axis parallel ium stationary conductor (1) and welci / e along the gap ( 22, 32, 33, 71) of a blow magnet (21, 30, 72) with the excitation winding (6, 66, 70, 73) is arranged in such a way that the arc (7) stabilizes and is with its base on the arc electrode ( 5) constantly in the direction of the stationary conductor (1) - based on the stationary conductor (1) but with the same mean Ge speed as the vehicle - is moved back and forth. 2. Current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc electrode (5) as closed, in the longitudinal direction of the stationary conductor (1) extending ring rail (55) with a Connecting section (56) to a stationary conductor (1) resting at low speed Sliding contact piece (9) is formed, the ring rail (55) in the blowing field as a double magnet formed blowing magnet (30) is arranged, which on its middle leg (31) the excitation winding (66) and additional windings (67, 68) on the yoke sections, which form the blown field of the Reinforce the excitation winding (66) in the area of one longitudinal section of the ring rail (55) and in the Reduce the area of the other longitudinal section. 3. Current collector according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting section (56) the ring rail (55) with the associated sliding contact piece (9) in the blow field of another magnet (69), which when lifting the sliding contact 4 Piece (9) blows the arc (7) in the direction of the ring rail (55). 4. Current collector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the excitation winding (6, 66, 70, 73) or additional windings (67, 68) of the blow magnet (21, 30, 69, 72) at least partially Via uncontrolled or controllable rectifier valves (13, 15 or 13 ', 15') in this way in the arc powered circuit are switched on that the excitation winding or additional windings as a function on the current strength and / or the local position of the arc (7), the direction of the The supply current or the voltage drop in the arc electrode (5) can be excited differently Beef. <) 0 5. Current collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc electrode (5) as an arc electrode (74) rotating around a shaft (75) is formed. 6. Current collector according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, characterized in that the arc electrode (5, 74) is provided with an air deflector (81) which is in the area of the Spnlts (22, 32, 33, 71) creates a negative pressure and if necessary! diverts the airstream so that it eir backwards occurs. 7. Current collector according to one of claims 3 or 6, characterized in that the end the arc electrode (5) are each equipped with gesonder th Blasmagneteii, so he soft are controllable that the arc (7) neither in noc against the direction of travel over the ends of the light arc electrode (5) is blown out still i can bulge out in these directions.