DE2125557A1 - Adhesive films and tapes - Google Patents

Description

Adhesive Sheets and Tapes The present invention relates to an adhesive sheet or adhesive material that adheres to surfaces or to itself by simply applying it adheres with moderate pressure, but does not stick to the touch. Certain beneficial ones Embodiments meet a wrapping material that can be used in medicine an adhesive bandage, strip, tape, fastener or the like that very porous, easy to install, comfortable to wear and inexpensive to use Manufacturing is.

Although the present invention in connection with particular embodiments is described for medical use, it is not limited to but can also be used in other technical fields.

Methods of attaching and holding cotton balls, bandages and the like will vary depending on the particular application. For example, wound dressings are held by an outer bandage, which is then firmly tied again, glued or fastened with a clamp. These methods leave although they are general have become widespread and well known, often much to be desired. The upper Wrap bandages often create uniformity problems, if an uneven shaped limb is wrapped, so that an undesired immobilization of this Limb is caused when it is attached in the joint area or the like will. After wrapping, the bandage must be secured with adhesive tape, clips or cords, who have their own problems are held in place. So arise for example by the sticky surfaces of adhesive tapes handling and Unwinding problems, lint, dust and dirt accumulate on it, whereby the Adhesive effect is reduced and antiseptic problems are caused. Because of The adhesive tape is difficult because of the rapid adhesion of the exposed adhesive surface to align and be able to move something when attached.

The tape may continue to stick to the skin underneath cause pain on removal.

In order to eliminate these known problems, have been adhering to each other Associations developed, however, these also have disadvantages. For example, are they are less compliant and porous than required and do not appear as clean as required. Some have a very complex structure that is relatively expensive in production and has therefore largely not been accepted.

The subject of the invention is therefore an alternative to conventional ones Bandages, tapes, cords, fasteners, adhesive plasters and the like that the do not have the disadvantages mentioned. Furthermore, the material according to the invention should can be tailored as required for the particular use is.

In particular, the adhesive material should be cheap, highly flexible be self-adhesive wrapping material that does not stick when touched and on a surface and / or on similar material when using light weight or moderate pressure sticks. The material should be very flexible and not dirty , especially not layered and flexible, as well as good unwinding properties and do not require intermediate layers. The object of the invention is also to deliver a single-sided, especially double-sided, pressure-sensitive tape that is practical is not directly adherent and is easily cut for special requirements and can be outlined.

The invention also relates to a highly porous, stretchable one Adhesive bandage that can be removed quickly and without any significant loss of its adhesive strength can be used again. The association is said to be cheap and in particular not stratified be.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to a particular one Embodiment of a wrap bandage, the outer flexible fabric or layers possesses, of which at least one consists of an open-pored, compressible polyurethane foam or the like, which has a number or density of pores in the range of about Has 30 to 120 pores per linear inch (2.54 cm). -The association still owns an intermediate layer attached between the flexible outer layers and consists of a porous flexible mass, which the adhesive properties, i.e. or has adhesive properties or both. The intermediate layer has enough plasticity, so that some of the mass extends out through the pores of the foam when an external pressure is exerted on the outer tissue, so that the foam is compressed and the intermediate layer for adhering or adhering to the corresponding surface is exposed.

The flexible, compressible, open-pored polyurethane foam that is preferably used in one or both outer layers, either polyester or polyether polyurethane foam having a density in the range of about 16 to 100 kg / m3 ~ and a number of pores in the range from about 120 to 120, preferably 50 up to 100 per running inch /. Polyester polyurethane foams are in accordance with the invention preferred because the pore size can be more easily controlled and because of them superior tensile strength properties. A typical polyester polyurethane foam can for example be prepared according to Example 2 of US Pat. No. 2,956,310.

Polyurethane foams with substantially less than about 30 pores per Running inches should normally be avoided as then the adhesive masses get through the large pores even with the slightest pressure and through it causing an excessively sticky feeling.

However, when using fully or substantially cohesive adhesives, Foams with slightly less than 30 ppi (ppi = pores per linear inch) can be used if their other properties are satisfactory for the intended use are. There is one more limiting factor than cutting the Foams must be considered from the production point of view. It's difficult foams cut to a thickness of less than about 3.175 mm if the foams are substantial have less than 30 ppi. However, there will be layer thicknesses of less than 3.175 mm preferred for many purposes. Another limit for foams with larger ones Pore size is that they feel harder than those with finer pores.

These problems usually occur with orrenporigen foams with a Pore number above about 30 ppi does not appear.

However, the pores above 120 ppi are so pure that only a little is exposed to the adhesive on the surface when the foam is compressed, so that the desired adhesive or cohesive properties are reduced.

Since completely open-pore foams are preferred, such as "reticulated" They are known in the trade as "web-like tangled" / foams where the cell walls are removed by mechanical or chemical treatment, foams that have an open cell structure with about 50 ß open cells or more, ven'edet will. The partially meshed or non-meshed foams are generally somewhat cheaper and can be used where a cost saving is desired, although completely meshed resp.

network-like tangled foam are preferred. These ScMume have one sufficiently high moisture vapor permeability, for example about 50 to 2500 g / per 645 cm2 in 24 hours. The porous open cell structure of the foam allows highly porous wraps and, if desired, with a porous or open intermediate layer to manufacture from an adhesive.

Because of the cell walls that are in the non-meshed or only partially machine foams are available, the preferred pore size can be slightly larger here than in the case of perfectly meshed foams. In a special embodiment for example, where identical adhesives are used, 80 ppi can be optimal in the case of a perfectly meshed foam, while about 60 ppi is optimal for a partially machine or non-machine foam.

Since, for many applications, great uniformity is desirable and this is usually increased when the product is easy to use is stretched, the polyurethane foam should have such a range of elasticity, that it is at least about 10%, preferably 65 to 70 ffi over in each direction can stretch beyond its normal dimensions and return when released. However, the elongation to break is much greater, for example about 100 to 400, or two to five times the original dimensions.

To ensure that the product can be stretched without the If excessive forces are required, the 100 module (the force per unit length, which is required to make the product 100% beyond its original dimensions to stretch out) preferably no greater than about 2.27 kg per 2.54 cm length, in particular less than 1.36 kg, for example 0.23 to 1.13 kg per 2.54 cm of length be. The 100 module is of course dependent on the thickness.

The preferred thickness of the product depends on the ultimate use away. For a cohesive dressing, the total thickness should not exceed approximately 3.175 mm, so that each of the two outer layers has a thickness of about 1.587 mm or less for example about 0.794 mm, while the remainder of the intermediate layer is formed.

Excessive thickness of the bandage would create a vulnerability to light weight Induce peeling while wearing.

For the same reason, each of the outer layers should not be thinner than about 0.52 mm, otherwise the bandage except possibly for very special uses will be too weak. As mentioned earlier, cutting foams to so fine layers can be very difficult.

Thinner layers can be used when applying a reinforcement coating or impregnation of the polyurethane foam is used. Appropriate reinforcing Impregnations are, for example, acrylic latex binders, thermoplastic urethanes, which are used in the form of solutions or emulsions such as Estane (thermoplastic Polyurethanes for use in solution form sold by B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co.) and monomer resin dispersions as described in US Pat. No. 3,322,734 and by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. under the designation Surlyn D 1230 are sold. The impregnations can be carried out using known methods such as Impregnation (padding), gravure rollers or the like can be produced.

For the protective use of parts of the body and in non-medical applications and non-surgical designs can have one or both of the outer layers Have a thickness substantially greater than 1.587 mm. For certain industrial For purposes, the outer layers can even be considerably thicker, with larger pore diameters can be used to meet the adhesive requirements.

Where limited or no stretch is desired and compliance poses no particular problem, a material can be used instead of the outer layers can be used with the desired elongation properties. For example for Closures that may take the form of opposing strips that overlap They cannot cover each other and be pressed together to adhere to one another contacting surfaces made of a substantially non-stretchable woven or non-woven material, paper, non-woven plastic film, or the like exist. The adhesive foam layer structure can also be used as a fastening means for connecting of articles to hold one surface to the other.

In this case the surface of the article itself could be that flexible or rigid, porous or non-porous, the location of one of the outer layers take in.

Where a flexible sheet or tape material with two adhesive layers is desired that has little or controlled elongation or elongation one can install expansion-modifying agents between the outer foam layers. These can be applied between the adhesive or on one or both foam layers when they are open enough to let the adhesive through and accessible when the foam is compressed, for example threads, open mesh gauze or the like can be used. If that means changing the tension is incorporated in the adhesive layer, it is not necessary that it is permeable , creped paper, more closed fabric, or the like can then be used will. They can also be formed from elastomeric material if modified Elongation or increased return properties are desired. You can then for example made of rubber, polyurethane or other elastomers.

The open-pore polyurethane foams can be obtained commercially, for example at Foam Division, Scott Paper Company, Chester, Pennsylvania as Scott reticulated foam with 80 ppi and by General Foam Division, Tenneco Chemicals, Inc., New York as the most substantially non-meshed foam P 4104 at 65 ppi.

While open pore polyurethane foams are preferred, however also certain functionally equivalent foams such as vinyl foams, Styrene butadiene foams and some rubber based foams can be used. As some of these other foams usually have closed pores, a perforation is necessary, to create open pores.

The mass that forms the liner can be any conventional Be an adhesive mass that has the properties required in the end product, a particular type is not the subject of this invention, they are merely a necessary part of the objects according to the invention.

The term "adhesive mass" includes self-adhesive masses, which in are adhesive in the sense that they are adhered to a variety of different surfaces including the surfaces of dissimilar materials by applying stick at least light pressure, or which are cohesive in the sense that they are only adhere to yourself by applying light pressure, or both. A "cohesive Masset 'in the present text only refers to the latter, i.e.

that the mass is normally only applied to itself by light pressure adheres and usually has little or no tack, although any Tackiness can be reduced or eliminated as will be discussed later.

The mass must be such that it attaches to outer layers can and must have sufficient plasticity to pass through the pores of the outer layers as a result of the application of suitable pressure to be able to step in To come into contact with the opposite surface and to adhere to it. in the in the medical field, the compound must also have suitable clinical properties, i.e.

indifferent, non-irritating and non-allergenic and should preferably be suitable for sterilization.

In addition, the mass should be essentially porous in order to maintain porosity of the outer layers so that you get a product that breathes and minimizes the softening of the underlying skin.

The required plasticity is of course partly dependent on the pore size and thickness of the outer polyurethane foam layer or layers. if foam layers with a thickness of 0.794 mm and a number of pores in the range of Using 50 to 100 ppi, Williams plasticities were found to be in the range of about 1 to 8 mm are suitable. Crowds with Williams slasticities that are essentially Less than about 1 mm are generally too sticky, masses with Williams plasticities substantially above about 8 mm are generally too hard and require too large Application pressure.

Williams plasticities, as indicated here, are marked with a Williams plastometer at 37.80 C determined by placing a ball with a weight of 2 g is placed between two opposing plates, which are covered by a piece of paper certain thickness are protected. A weight of 5 kg is applied and the separation of the plates measured after 15 minutes, with regard to the thickness of the paper a Compensation is made. The greater the separation force, the greater it is Plasticity of the material. The sample is previously in a plasticity oven 14 bis Preconditioned to 37.80 ° C 15 minutes before measuring the plasticity.

In the medical field, suitable adhesive materials can be used for this meet various requirements, for example those in the Medicine well-known adhesive compositions based on elastomers and the self-adhesive Acrylic adhesives currently used for adhesive tapes in the medical field will. A useful form of the latter is a neat rubber copolymer of isooctyl acrylate and acrylic acid in a ratio of 94: 6, see U.S. Patent 2,884 126. A method of creating the desired microporous structure for high moisture vapor permeability for example to obtain 50 to 500 g per 645 cm2 in 24 hours is disclosed in the US-PS 3 121 021. Other examples of suitable adhesives are found in U.S. Patents 2 877 141, 2 909 278, 3 307 544 and 3 325 459.

Suitable cohesive materials can be those commercially available use natural rubber latices, which are known as "Uniroyal NC4OOM-301, and "Uniroyal 11-35X creamed 556 is sold by the United States Rubber Company will. Other suitable types of commercially available rubbers that are cohesive, are for example Natsyn 400, 410 and 450, the essentially synthetic cis-polyisoprene rubbers and sold by The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. These types of rubber should preferably have antioxidants to prevent aging. Some the self-adhesive silicone rubbers described in US Pat. No. 3,439,676, are also suitable. A number of the masses mentioned can be sterilized, see above that they can be used for medical purposes.

Typical Williams plasticities found in these masses are listed in the following table.

Table 1 Mass Williams plasticity in mm Plate separation at 37.8 ° C Adhesive compound based on elastomer 1.6 - 2.0 for surgical purposes with pigments Adhesive compound on an elastomer 1.8 .2.2 basis for medical purposes, clear acrylic A + 2.1 - 2.4 Acrylic N 1.8 - 2.4 Natsyn 400 4.51 - 4.5) Natsyn 410 2.12 - 3.56 Natsyn 450 1.85-2.12 Uniroyal NC400 M-30 7.95 + see U.S. Patent 2,884,126 All of these compositions make good cohesive dressings, although some are better than others. One example Dressing made with Natsyn 400 exhibits essentially no tackiness in the Contrasted with a cohesive dressing made with Natsyn 45ß0. A Hollow dressing made with Uniroyal NC400 M-30 also shows no tack, however, is the force required to have a reasonable adherence to achieve inappropriately high.

The adjustment of normally sticky masses can be made to reduce stickiness or to eliminate it entirely. For example, there the addition of silicone oil to a sticky mass is often a substantial one non-sticky / without significantly affecting the adherence. Such Extend modifications the kind of crowds that are sizable for non-tacky cohesive dressings can be used. There Stickiness is no longer a problem, foams with large pores can, for example 30 to 50 ppi, or even a little less, for the production of satisfactory Associations are used when other needs are also met.

The thickness of the porous wetlands that form the intermediate layer depends on the type of mass, the thickness and type of the outer layers and the intended use of the formed product. In the case of cohesive bandages, to hold puffs or adhesive plasters on the skin, with outer layers being reticulated with 80 ppi Scott Foam with a thickness of 0.794 mm is used, the thickness of the mass in one Range from about 0.0127 to 0.254 mm. The weight of the mass depends on the special mass and can range from about 5.67 to 71 g per 0.836 m2 3 typical values are 14.2 to 42.4 g per 0.836 m2.

For other uses where thicker foam layers are used however, much thicker layers of adhesive than normal can be used required. In general, the optimum values for the thickness and the like for a particular use best determined by experimentation will.

A particular embodiment is a cohesive one, not in layer form built-up association ee from a porous, elastic, open-pored cell-like Tissue with a cell density or number of pores in the range of about 10 to 120 ppi, wherein the cell-like surface area from at least the open outside of the tissue less than 15%, preferably less than 5% of the total open Area matters. The cell surfaces in the cell-like tissue are substantially with a non-sticky cohesive coating that does not substantially fill the pores, so that the open pore structure of the tissue is retained. A squeeze of the coated cellular tissue therefore increases the surface area of the Consider mass on the open outside of the fabric; lich and therefore the cohesive one Effect of the dressing in relation to a cohesive contact surface.

Any highly porous, elastic, stretchable, resilient cellular fabric with the required properties in question. A particular fabric is not the subject of this invention. However, those previously flexible polyurethane foams preferred, but also mentioned by the others Foams can be replaced. The percentage of open cells in the foam should be high enough to ensure proper mesh impregnation throughout the foam achieve, and to achieve that the uncoated foam after compression quickly regains its original shape. The following applies to the cell structure the previously mentioned.

In general, a uniform fabric is preferred in which the Area of cell surfaces in any plane in tissue less than 10 ffi of the total area in this plane, preferably less than 5%, for example about 1 to 3 ffi, while the remainder is formed by open holes. The result of this is that with such a small cell surface in any Flat and with a relatively thin cohesive coating of these surfaces only one very small fraction for an adhesive effect is available. if therefore the coated fabric is in roll form, and not rolled up with great tension there is very little glue on the surface of any layer of the roll, which is in contact with the layer above or below. the end therefore the roll has excellent unwinding properties.

However, compressing the tissue increases the coated one Cell surface area is considerable and therefore corresponding to the adhesive on the free surface that is in contact with a compressed, overlying is cohesive surface, which results in good cohesion. aside from that takes place some intermingling or tangling of the fibers or ribs of the cellular Material instead, which adds to the cohesive effect.

To increase the small surface area in each given level obtained are pore numbers in the range from about 10 to 120 ppi, preferably 20 to 100 ppi suitable.

Foams with larger pores, say 10 to 30 ppi, are something hard to the touch. However, this property is not disadvantageous for many purposes. For example, such large-pore materials for dressing purposes can be similar how "ace" dressings are used.

The large-pore materials can also be used for closures Find. They allow thicker coatings of adhesive without any disadvantageous degradation the porosity or a filling of the pores.

The thickness of the material depends on its intended use. For For example, the thickness of cohesive bandages is in the range of about 0.4 to 3.175, preferably 1.19 to 2 mm. Should also have cushioning properties given will be much thicker foams with a thickness of, for example, 3.175 used up to 9.53 mm.

As the adhesives, those mentioned above can be used, however the Natsyn types are preferred because they are used in the event of careless squeezing of the dressing return to its original shape if you can easily, for example heated to 710 C for 5 to 15 minutes. In contrast, the tapes or Foils with rubber adhesive even after being compressed to 177 ° C Remain state. However, both the Natsyn and rubber adhesives use steam sterilizable, so that their use for medical purposes is favorable.

To reduce or eliminate any residual stickiness the cohesive masses e.g. by adding silicone oil, e.g. 1 to 10% Dow Corning 200 Fluid (a dimethylsiloxane polymer from Dow Corning Chemical Products Division, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan) at 12,500 centistokes (250C) or G. E. Viscasil 100,000 Silicone Fluid (a dimethyl silicone oil from Company General Electric Company, Silicone Products Department, Waterford, New York) will. Antioxidants can also be added to improve the shelf life, for example 0.5 to 2 ß Plastanox 2246 (2,2'-methylenebis (4Ymethyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol) from American Cyanamid Company, Organic Chemicals Division, Bound Brook, New Jersey) or ionol antioxidant (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol from Shell Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio)> preferably Plastanox 2246.

A typical example is the aforementioned Scott 80 foam ppi and a thickness of 1.6 mm coated with Natsyn 400 with a Williams plasticity at 37.80 C of 4.51 mm, the coating being about 7.1 to 71, preferably 14 up to 57 and optimally 22.5 to 31 g per 0.836 m2. If the bandage is not rolled or if it is rolled, an intermediate layer is used, see above that relatively high adhesive weights are applicable.

For example, the above foam was found at 58 grams per 0.836 m2 coated, this product was a very good cohesive bandage. Im In the case of the unmeshed P 4104 foam, similar or slightly higher adhesive weights can be used be applied. For example, a good bandage would be made from such a foam which was 1.6 mm thick with 22.7 to 25.5 grams per 0.836 m2 Natsyn 400 was used.

For large-pore foams with, for example, 10 to 30 ppi, very much larger amounts of adhesive without significant reduction in porosity or clogging of the pores are used, for example Scott foams with a thickness of 3.175 mm and 20 ppi with an amount of adhesive ranging from 28 to 283 g per 0.836 m² produced.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to the figures Embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows an enlarged cross section of an ore in accordance with the invention Adhesive tape with two outer polyurethane foam layers and an intermediate adhesive layer.

Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. 1 and shows an embodiment where a open-mesh fabric (or other material) embedded in the intermediate layer is.

Fig. 3 is a tape similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1, but where an outer foam layer has been replaced by a fabric backing.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the intermediate layer in the outer foam layers reach into it.

Fig. 5 shows a similar embodiment as Fig. 1, however the intermediate layer is an adhesive impregnated foam.

Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of Fig. 3 when used as a Closure.

Fig. 7 schematically shows a method for producing the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment.

Fig. 8 shows a cohesive dressing in section.

Figure 8A is a greatly enlarged cross-section through a single coated cell wall of the embodiment of FIG. 8.

Fig. 9 shows a plan view of a circular part of the embodiment of Fig. 1, only the coated cell surfaces are shown, which are attached to the upper outer surface thereof.

Fig. 10 shows the embodiment of Fig. 8 in a compressed State.

Fig. 11 is a circular section from Fig. 10 showing only the shows coated cell surfaces that are on the upper outer surface.

Fig. 12 schematically shows a method of manufacturing the embodiment of Fig. 8.

The adhesive tape shown in Fig. 1 consists of flexible outer Layers 10 and 12 of a compressible open-cell polyurethane foam that each have a thickness of about 0.8 mm and a number of pores in the range from about 30 to 120 ppi. To produce the laminate with layers 10 and 12 and the intermediate layer 14, conventional methods are used. The intermediate layer 14 consists of a porous mass with adhesive or cohesive or both properties and sufficient plasticity to extend through the pores of layers 10 and 12 to be able to when the latter are squeezed together. In a special embodiment For example, the intermediate layer 14 can be formed from Natsyn 400 and a Thickness of about 0.025 to 0.15 mm and a Williams plasticity of about 4.5 mm.

Since the adhesive layer 14 through the outer foam layers 10 and 12 is protected, it will not touch or foreign lint, dirt or Exposed to dust during normal handling, the product therefore shows a clean and neat appearance. It is not sticky and has good winding properties, an intermediate layer is not required here. Even if a sticky mass is used as layer 14, the product can quickly be transferred to a surface in a desired position, as it does not adhere quickly, but only for this purpose a slight pressure must be applied. The product can also be easily restored removed and reused if desired. The non-polluting outer layers also act as a cushion for the underlying surface, for example a bandaged wound.

Another advantageous property of the embodiments of Fig. 1 is that the product is stretchy and very compliant as well as perfect is porous. Where only limited extensibility or no properties at all or other properties materials that exhibit these desired properties may be desired be added to this layer structure, as shown symbolically in FIG or replace one of the outer foam layers, as shown in FIG. 3.

In Fig. 2 is an open mesh fabric or other material that is shown by the dashed line 16, embedded in the adhesive layer 14. The fabric 16 can, for example, made of cotton gauze with 20 weft and warp threads per 6.45 cm2 exist. Although the fabric 16 is shown as being in the center the layer 14 is embedded, this need not be, it can also be at the edge the layer 14 can be arranged. A number of such fabrics can also be used use, for example, one layer 16 each on the top and bottom of the layer 14. The tissue must of course not excessively allow the occurrence of the Interfere with the adhesive in the pores of the outer foam layer or layers.

On the other hand, a non-stretchable or only limited stretchable outer Layer 18 can be applied in place of the flexible fabric, as shown in Fig. 3. This outer layer 18 can, for example, be a dense linen fabric with 109 warp and 58 wefts per 6.45 cm² or of a polymer film, paper or one another flexible, substantially adhesive-impermeable material be. This embodiment is particular as surgical Ribbon or fastener appropriate.

The foam side is essentially non-sticky and adheres on a similar overlying foam when the two foam surfaces are compressed will.

However, the back side shows neither stickiness nor adhesiveness, since the tightly woven linen layer or film 18 will not let the adhesive through. The embedded fabric 16 can also be made from a variety of other fabrics or braids such as woven linen, paper, (including micro-folded and creped paper), woven or non-woven plastic material, reinforcing fibers, Threads, wires, rowings, or fibers of various types including glass fibers or similar.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the adhesive 20 partially the foam layers 22 and 24 soaked. This is preferred for thicker layers with a thickness of, for example, 3.175 mm and more is used. The mass can be up to penetrate to 0.8 mm (or even possibly less) into the foam surface. Since the mass is below the surface, the product is not sticky, when touched, but may be on another surface or on a similar product adhere by compression, which depends on the properties of the mass 20.

A somewhat related construction is shown in Fig. 5, wherein the intermediate layer 26 consists of a third foam layer which is completely with the adhesive or cohesive mass is soaked. The foam of the intermediate layer 26 can consist of essentially the same iron open-pore polyurethane foam, from which the outer layers 28 and 30 are formed, but this need not be necessarily be the case.

In Fig. 6 it is shown how the embodiment of FIG Closure can be applied which has similar properties as the fish-hook type Has closure "Velcro". A typical closure consists of two opposite one another Strips A and B, which are respectively on the two halves of a garment or the like that needs to be closed, e.g. a surgeon's disposable gown, Disposable diapers or other items attached. Each of the strips is made up of inextensible cloth pads 32 with an adhesive area 34 at one end, to attach them to the corresponding parts of the garment or other articles that should be closed to cling. The adhesive area 34 can, for example formed by a conventional hot melt or thermosetting adhesive will. The other end of each strip has a cohesive mass attached to it 36, which is covered by an open-cell polyurethane foam 38. The stripes A and B form a shutter; by simply squeezing the foam-covered Surface is created, whereby the foam is compressed and the cohesive masses 36 touch each other and hold the strips together.

The manufacture of the embodiments shown in Figs shown in FIG. outer fabric made of open-pored polyurethane foam layers 40 and 42 are unrolled from rollers 44 and 46 and covered with a thin layer of one Solution 47 and 48 of a cohesive mass, for example a 12 to 15% solid Solution of Natsyn 400, a synthetic cis-polyisoprene compound, in a mixture of xylene and toluene coated those from containers 49 and 50 with the aid of coating rollers 52 and 54 can be removed. Measuring rollers or knives (not shown) or equivalent middle can be used to control the thickness of the coating. The one from the Roller 54 coated foam meets the foam coated from roller 52 at Gap of rollers 58 and 60, where the cohesive layers are slightly compressed, to give a layer structure 62. This layer structure is then in one Oven 64 dried (solvent removed) at a temperature of about 121 ' Treated to 135 C and the product 66 obtained rolled up on a roll 68.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 is produced in which an open-meshed Cloth 70 (or other material) coming from a roll 72 into the cohesive Mass is embedded. This can be done by placing the fabric 70 in the gap of rollers 58 and 60 is introduced where the cohesive solution layers on each of the foam layers are connected to one another. This turns the fabric 70 in embedded in the cohesive mass during the drying stage and anchored there.

The embodiment of Fig. 3 can be made substantially in the manner as described in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 1, the foam layer 12 being replaced by a substantially impermeable layer 18 is replaced. The embodiment of Fig. 4 can be made using the Mass is poured onto a silicone-coated paper and, while the mass is still damp, placed on top of a foam and then rolled with moderate pressure so that the mass is not pushed through the entire foam. To the drying of the mass and removal of the silicone-covered paper is the with the foam coated with the mass folded in such a way that the adhesive masses touch each other, around to form the association. The embodiment of Figure 5 can be fabricated are achieved by thoroughly impregnating a layer of foam with the mass to create the To form intermediate layer 26 and then roll the outer layers 28 and 30 on to form the layer structure.

The cohesive dressing shown in Figures 8 and 8A exists made of a highly porous, network-like tangled polyurethane foam 110, which is made of cell-like There is threads 112, which are coated with a layer of a cohesive mass 114. The upper surface 116 and the lower surface 118 are continuous in cross-section Lines drawn, however, in reality form a highly porous surface, whereby only a very small percentage of this, i.e. less than 10, preferably less than 5% consist of coated cell fibers or cell walls, while the rest are open holes.

This is shown graphically in Figure 9, where only the coated cell walls are shown in the plane of the upper surface of the cohesive dressing of FIG. The entire area of mass in the plane of the upper surface merely represents represents a small fraction of the total range, for example about 1 to 3 ß. Therefore, the bandage can be wrapped around itself with a light pull and easily because there is only an extremely small adhesive-adhesive contact.

Fig. 10 shows a bandage 110 in compressed form, wherein the cell walls are compressed so that on surfaces 116 and 118 many additional cell walls appear that were previously inside. Hence the whole Adhesive area on the surface many times over enlarged, as shown in FIG. This enlarged adhesive area is sufficient to to give the association good cohesiveness.

This bandage is produced in accordance with FIG. 12 in that a fabric 120 made of a porous network-like tangled foam from a roll 122 under light Train is handled, runs over roller 124 and 126 and into the joint between one etched steel roller 128 and a rubber roller 130 is inserted. The lower Part of the roller 128 is immersed in the adhesive solution 132 in the container 134. The crowd is therefore carried over from the surface of the roller 128 to and into the foam 120, a supply 135 of adhesive being formed at the nip of rollers 128 and 130. The gap between rollers 128 and 130 is adjusted so that the foam is compressed and a certain amount of the adhesive is introduced into the foam so that im essentially all cell surfaces are covered. If the foam is not compressed there would be a high probability that many of the pores would be with the adhesive would remain filled.

The coated foam then runs into a drying oven 136 where it is dried and then rolled onto a roll 138. The heating cabinet36 is for example operated at a temperature of 1210 G, while the residence time of the foam in Warming cabinet is, for example, about 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 minutes. The product will rolled up on the roller 138 with practically no tension in order to avoid compression. It can therefore be handled with very little train. The train that unwinds of the finished product is necessary, for example, in the range of 5.7 to 56.5 g per 2.54 cm width. But when identical pieces of the product are placed on top of each other and squeezed are for the detachment Requires 113 to 577 grams per 1 inch (2.54 cm) of width.

Example 1 A 0.8 mm thick, stretchable, open-pore film made of polyurethane foam was in a 10% solid solution of an acrylic mass (similar to that in US Pat. No. 2,884 126 described). The wet film was allowed to drain, dry and with Harden 1210 C. Two sheets of an uncoated, o. 8 mm thick, stretchable, open-pored polyester polyurethane foam is applied.

The bandage or tape obtained was very air permeable and became felt very comfortable when wrapping a human hand. The outer Layers didn't feel sticky. The association was made to itself moderate pressure attached. It could easily be removed and reattached if desired will.

Example 2 An acrylic composition similar to that from Example 1 was applied to a silicone coated paper applied in a steam cabinet for about 2 minutes dried for a long time and then in an oven at about 1210 C for 5 to 7 minutes treated with air. The resulting porous mass was in one case on one o, 8 mm thick, open-pored, stretchable polyurethane foam and in the second case on a 0.91 mm thick, open-pored, stretchable polyurethane foam is applied. To the removal of the silicone-coated paper was followed by corresponding layers For education a layer structure associated with it.

Each of the resulting ligaments or bandages was around a human Fingers wrapped and then squeezed together to adhere by cohesion. the Cohesion of the 0.8 mm thick foam was slightly better than that of the 0.91 mm thick Foam.

Example 3 A 40% solid solution of a medical adhesive composition Elostomer-based in pigment form dissolved in xylene was reduced to 0.75 mm strong DauberS, silicone-coated paper applied, a 0.38 mm discontinued coater was used. Before the mass dried, it became a Place a film of 20 x 12 gauze on top and again a layer of 0.8 mm thick mesh Scott foam of 80 ppi. After another slide out with silicone coated paper was placed over it, the whole was rolled, with lighter until moderate pressure was applied, leaving only the lower surface of the foam was embedded in the mass. After rolling, the upper one was coated with silicone Foil removed and the remaining layer structure for 15 minutes at 710 C in dried in a steam cabinet.

Another film was then produced accordingly, but no gauze was used. The resulting two sheets were removed from their supports removed and brought together with the adhesive layers and lightly rolled with it they stuck together. The Williams plasticity of the mass was about 1.6 to 2.0 mm.

When pressed against each other, the locks formed one very good bond and showed no stretching. Because too much of the adhesive layer was present and embedded slightly too deeply in the foam, the closure showed a little too much stickiness when pressed firmly.

Example 4 The same solution as in Example 3 was used with the same Setting applied to the same paper. Before the mass dried it was an 0.8 mm thick meshed Scott foam with 80 ppi applied to the surface.

After another layer of silicone coated paper over it was laid, the whole was rolled just enough that one surface of the foam was embedded in the wet mass. The top paper layer was removed and the layer structure in a steam cabinet for 15 minutes at 710 ° C dried. Williams plasticity was 1.6 to 2.0 mm.

The resulting adhesive-coated foam was removed from the paper and then to form a fastener tape on a commercially available medical one Adhesive tape brought together with a 109 x 58 fabric backing (ZO adhesive tape from the applicant).

When foam layer was pressed onto foam layer, the fastener tape formed a strong bond and worked very well. It showed no warpage and no stickiness on its outer surface. The foam surface also showed no stickiness, when slightly squeezed and only slightly sticky when strong was squeezed.

Example 5 Five examples of dressings were made by application its own solution as in Examples 3 and 4, but toluene as the solvent was used on 0.1 mm thick silicone coated paper in thicknesses applied from 0.25 to 0.53 mm. While the mass was still very moist, became In each case, a 0.8 mm thick meshed Scott foam of 80 ppi was placed over it and then lightly rolled the whole thing. After that it was in a steam cabinet Dried for 15 minutes at 71 ° C.

The foam was peeled from the backing, folded so that adhesive-adhesive contact came about and lightly rolled to make the cohesive bond. Williams plasticity was about 1.6 to 2.0 mm. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Sample coater adhesive cohesion with porosity setting weight + 2 of the hand (visual) in in mm in g / O, 836 m tests ~~~~~~~~~ 1 0.25 7.37 mediocre very good to bad 2 0.33 12.47 good, if wrapped tightly very well 3 o, 4i 17.86 very good very good 4 o, 48 30.33 very good very good 5 0.53 32.03 very good very good + Two layers were weighed. As stated above, form two Foam layers and two layers of adhesive make up the bandage.

Peel tests were performed as follows: cm / one 2.54 wide The sample was placed on one of these and rolled six times with a 20.4 kg roller. The following results were obtained: Table 3 Sample adhesive release force in weight in g / 0.836 m² g / 2.54 cm width 1 7.37 '19.8 2 12.47 59.5 to 87.9 7 17.86 164.4 to 229.6 Example 6 Four additional samples were made as in Example 5, the elastomer-based composition being slightly modified, firstly there were no pigments added and, secondly, the solids content of the bulk solution was varied. Williams plasticity the dry mass was about 1.8 to 2.2 mm.

The following values were obtained: Table 4 Sample of solid-coating-adhesive mass-cohesion with Porosi materials terein-weight of the hand in the position in g / 0.836 m2 tested (visual) solution in mm (2 layers)% by weight 1 20 - 79.1 excellent mediocre 2 30 0.28 - excellent "3 20 0.25 25.2 very good very good 4 20 0.23 18.3 good very good Example 7 Four additional cohesive dressing samples were made using the same composition as in Example 6, but with different manufacturing methods In each case, the mass was applied to a silicone-coated paper and the foam was placed over it while the mass was moist and removed again before the mass had a chance to dry. The mass adhered to a surface of the foam was then dried for 15 minutes at 710 ° C. in a steam cabinet. The bandage was made by folding it and then gently rolling it. The following results were obtained: Table 5 Sample solid-coating-adhesive mass-cohesion with porosity materials terein- weight 2 of the hand in the position in g / o, 836 m2 tested (visual) solution in mm (2 layers) weight- % 1 20 - 17.6 good very porous 2 20 0.31 17.6 not good very pogenous red 3 30 0.36 38.6 good to very good very good red 4 30 0.41 42.5 very good good Example 8 Five further examples were prepared according to the form described in Example 5, but using a single solution and a mixture of xylene and toluene as the solvent.

The following results were obtained: Table 6 Sample coater Adhesive cohesion with porosity setting weight of the hand (visual) in mm in g / O, 836 m tests ~~~~~~~~~~~~ (2 layers) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 0.25 17.6 mediocre fair to bad to good 2 0.36 20.3 good good 3 0.41 25.4 very good fair 4 o, 46 31.7 very good average to bad 5 0.51 37.1 very good bad Example 9 tests were carried out to determine to what extent the hardness of the mass a Plays a role in the cohesiveness of the associations described above. In these tests Natsyn 400 had a Williams plasticity of 4.53 mm and Uniroyal NC 400 M-30 a Williams plasticity of 7.95 mm.

The bandages were made by putting the mass on a silicone coated backing paper was applied.

A 14.8% solid solution in xylene was used for Natsyn 400, while the coater was set at 0.41 mm. For Uniroyal NC 400 M-30> which has a low viscosity became a 62% solid dispersion and an S-46 @@@ @@@ / used for coating (c) Meier rails. While the crowds are still damp were, a 0.8 mm thick meshed Scott foam layer of 80 ppi was applied and lightly rolled. After 15 minutes of drying in a steam cabinet at 710 C were Remove the foils from the backing paper, fold and lightly roll them to form the bandages to build.

The association with Natsyn 400 had good to very good cohesion. Of the Association with Uniroyal NC 400 M-30 had practically no cohesion as long as it was not was pressed very hard.

Both samples showed no stickiness.

Example 10 An industrial adhesive (reinforced reclaimed Rubber compound) was mixed with a 20% solid solution in xylene on a silicone coated paper carrier applied, the coater set to 0.41 mm was.

While the mass was still moist, a 0.8 mm thicker was meshed 80 ppi Scott foam applied and lightly rolled. After drying in one Steam cabinet at 71 ° C for 15 minutes, the foam was removed from the carrier.

The foam was stretched about 30 to 50% in the longitudinal direction, whereby the surface of the adhesive was facing upwards, and held in this position, with reinforced fiberglass fibers (Owens Corning B150 1/0 1Z 636), each with a breaking strength 1.81 kg had the adhesive surface in a parallel orientation at a distance of about 3.175 to 4.76 mm. The sample was Folded and rolled in the longitudinal direction to a glass-reinforced cohesive tape with get about 14 fibers per inch of width. The tension was released again and the tape shrank 10 to 15% of the previous stretched length. If that Tape tightly around a box and about 10 to 15 cm on top of each other and against each other was pressed, a good bond resulted.

Example 11 Three samples were made according to that shown in Figures 8-12 Embodiment with a 0.8 mm thick mesh Scott foam made with 80 ppi and Natsyn 400 with a Williams plasticity of about 4.53 mm, the mass containing about 1% antioxidants (Plastanox 22463. This mass was used in the form of a xylene solution with different solvent content. The crowd was applied to silicone-coated paper, 0.076 mm Daubert 165 KG-6, with the coater set at 6.1 mm. The foam was on the damp Brought mass surface and coated over it a layer of the same silicone Paper laid. This was then rolled very hard until the surface of the top Paper was completely moistened so that the mass had penetrated through the foam. Both layers of paper were then removed and the foam containing the mass dried in a steam cabinet at about 710 C for 15 minutes.

A 2.54 cm wide strip of each sample was placed on a like Strips laid and a 4.54 kg roll at a speed of 30 cm per minute over it. The layers were then at an angle of 1800 and a speed of 30 cm per minute separated from each other to the peel force to eat. The following results were obtained: Table 7 Solid adhesive mass Peel force in in xylene weight in g / O, 836 m2 g / 2.54 cm width 14.8 56.7 311.8 - 453.5 13.0 31.2 184.3 - 226.7 ~ 17.0 119.1 - 141.7 The release force was in any case very satisfactory.

All samples were very compliant and porous, showing no unwanted ones Stickiness and very easy to peel off from a rolled shape. You could easily cut and brought into the desired dimensions. Farther they could be placed on top of each other, glued together and pulled apart again and still showed a satisfactory cohesion.

Example 12 Three samples were prepared as in connection with Fig. 12 is described. A 1.57 mm thick Scottish mesh foam was used as the foam Used at 80 ppi, a solid solution of Natsyn 400 in xylene containing about 1% Plastanox 2246 based on the weight of the rubber was rolled into the foam, The impregnated foam was dried by blowing at a speed of about 4.27 m per minute through a 7.62 m long heating cabinet at one temperature of 1210 C.

The peel force was determined as in Example 11. Additionally was the unwinding force after storage at room temperature for at least 1 1/2 months certainly. The following results were obtained: Table 8 Solid coating adhesive Peel force in unwinding force material gap weight 2 g / 2.54 cm in g / 2.54 cm in xylene in mm in g / 0.836 m width width 8 - 34.0 184.3 - 219.7 21.3 - 35.4 8 0.31 19.8 141.7-170.1 7.1-21.3 6 0.31 12.8 113.4-127.6 7.1-10.6 the The peeling and unwinding force were most satisfactory.

All of the products were very pliable, pliable, and porous, and possessed no unwanted stickiness. The presence of the antioxidants along with the packaging of the product, in order to exclude contact with air, gave the product a shelf life.

Example 13 Three samples as shown in Figures 8-11 were made using 3.175 mm thick sheets of mesh Scott foam at 20 ppi were used that weighed 7> 37 to 7.57 g per 0.836 m2. As cohesive Uniroyal NC 400 M-30 was used as an aqueous dispersion. The solids content was either 31 or 62%. The foam was dipped into the latex and then guided between opposing rollers with different columns. The resulting adhesive-containing foams were in a steam cabinet dried at about 710 C for 15 minutes. The following results were obtained: Table 9 Solids roll gap adhesive release force in in aqueous mm weight ig / 2.54 cm width straight dispersion g / o, 856 m sion ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ 62 0.2 - 0.3 45.4 283.5 - 368.5 62 0.51 141.7 396.9 - 481.9 31 o, 46 31.2 198.4 - 283.5 The release force was very satisfactory in each case.

Each sample was very porous and pliable, with none of the undesirable ones Stickiness and extremely easy to peel off.

The articles of the present invention have a wide range of uses and can be used both in and outside of the medical field for a range-of can be used for purposes not previously described here. You can as well modified for special purposes. The invention can for example be used for the production of floor coverings or the like, with a Tile or other flooring material in place of layer 18 in Fig. 3, for example occurs, so that in this way a tile is made that goes back and forth as long as it takes can be moved until they are in firm contact with the surface to which they are adhered is supposed to be brought by squeezing. Another possibility is to to train the back of a plate or tile accordingly, so that they are without Another can be attached to a wall by simply pressing.

Apart from being used as a normal bandage, the items can of the present invention can also be used as elastic bandages. You can do this For example, harder foams are layered together with soft foams, to combine strength and comfort.

In addition, it is not essential that the objects of the invention can be produced in flat form or essentially in sheet form. The foam can for example, an inner adhesive core surrounded to form a rope-like structure to build. The adhesive is made to adhere by squeezing the outer foam surface available. Products of this type can be used, for example, as sealing or filling materials be used.

Claims (20)

Claims 1. Adhesive material, preferably in film or tape form, marked by an adhesive mass (14, 114) in and / or under a protective layer (lo, 12, 22, 24, 28, 30, llo) made of an open-pored, elastic polymer material is arranged, wherein the adhesive mass through the pores of the protective layer on can penetrate the outer surface with the application of slight or moderate pressure. 2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness the protective layer (wo, 12, 22, 24, 28, 30, llo) is less than 1.6 mm. 3. Product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Protective layer (lo, 12, 22, 24, 28, 30, llo) consists of polyurethane foam. 4. Product according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyurethane foam has a number of pores of 12 to 50 per running cm. 5. Product according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the adhesive mass (14, 114) is cohesive. 6. Product according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the adhesive mass (14, 114) is a pressure-sensitive self-adhesive. 7. Product according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the adhesive mass (14, 114) has a Williams plasticity of 1 to 8 mm. 8. Product according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the adhesive mass (14) forms an intermediate layer. 9. Product according to claim 8, characterized in that the adhesive mass (14) is embedded in a porous foam intermediate layer. lo. Product according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in the intermediate layer expandable or non-expandable materials (16) incorporated are. 11. Product according to claim lo, characterized in that in the Interlayer glass fibers are preferably embedded in a parallel arrangement. 12. Product according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the Intermediate layer of two foam layers partially impregnated with the adhesive mass (14) consists. 13. Product according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that there is a back layer (18) made of a substantially rigid or flexible Owns material. 14. Product according to claim 13, characterized in that the layer (18) made of a flexible, essentially non-stretchable plastic or paper film or a tissue. 15. Product according to claim 13, characterized in that the layer (18) is only stretchable to a limited extent in relation to the polyurethane foam. 16. Product according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that the polymer material (llo) has a number of pores from 4 to 50, preferably 8 to 40, Has pores per running cm, at least less on its free outside than 15%, preferably less than 5%, of the total area from the cell surface area is occupied in the uncompressed state, and the polymer material all over with a pore-non-filling, cohesive adhesive mass (114) is coated. 17. Product according to claim 16, characterized in that the cohesive Adhesive compound (114) has adhesive properties. 18. Product according to claim 16, characterized in that the adhesive mass (114) is essentially non-tacky and adhesive. 19. Product according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that that the adhesive mass is made of rubber with embedded antioxidants is. 20. Product according to claim 19, characterized in that the adhesive mass consists of a synthetic cis-polyisoprene.