DE212014000141U1 - Dental implant with a short post and a ring element at the free end of the post - Google Patents

Abstract

Dental implant comprising an implant body and an apically arranged external thread for screwing into a jawbone and a post arranged at its coronal end for receiving a structural element, said post and implant body being integrally formed, characterized in that the post (3) has a height L and the height L is in a range of 2mm to 4mm, the post (3) having at least one undercut (8), said undercut (8) being formed by the free end (7) having a ring element (9), the ring element (9) in plan view has a larger diameter than the part of the post (3) which adjoins the ring element (9) and extends in the direction of the implant body (2).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a dental implant comprising an implant body and an apically arranged external thread for screwing into a jawbone and a post arranged at its coronal end for receiving an abutment, wherein the posts and implant body are integrally formed.

State of the art

Dental implants are placed in the jawbone in such a way that their upper edge terminates flush with the bone or ends above it in the area of the covering gum.

The tooth crown anchored on the implant is usually screwed to the implant by means of an intermediate piece or abutment element, the so-called abutment, in the sense of a dowel-screw connection (dowel = implant, screw = abutment).

In the area of this transition, in the first few months after loading the implant, the jawbone will break down by about 1 mm. This is attributed, among other things, to the fact that there is a gap in the transition area between implant and abutment in which bacteria can multiply ( Zipprich et al., 2007 ). Likewise, in numerous studies (ia Atieh et al., 2010 ) showed that it has a positive effect on the preservation of the bone, if the abutment has a smaller diameter than the implant, so the abutment does not touch the outer edge of the implant, but is centrally offset and thus located further inside. This moves the implant-abutment interface further away from the bone boundary, allowing for better bone development and better gingival attachment.

Basically, a distinction is made between one and two-part dental implants. The one-piece dental implants are constructed so that the apical end and the cervical end of the implant, namely the coronal part is integrally connected to each other. On the other hand, in the case of two-part implants, both an implant body and a structural element (abutment) are provided, which can be connected to one another.

The implant body of the two-part implant is first used with appropriate application in the jawbone of the patient. There, this time has to heal, because the implant can grow without any stress. In a further step, the application of the structural element, in which the structural element is connected to the implant body by a connecting element.

To set an artificial tooth, it is necessary to completely remove the defective tooth, including its roots. Subsequently, a bore is introduced in the jaw, or cut into this thread. The root implant is then screwed into this hole. After inserting the implant, which usually includes at least the root implant and any arranged abutment or post, it must be at least three but for up to six months, until it is firmly connected to the jaw. During this healing phase, the gum-protruding part of the graft may not be exposed to any or only minor mechanical stresses, as otherwise it may significantly prolong the healing period or even cause it to not bond to the bone at all.

After healing, usually the abutment is screwed to the implant and glued or cement-connected and then applied the attached construction such as crown or bridge on the abutment. The abutment is a kind of post which serves for the mechanical attachment of the abutment to the abutment.

However, this has some disadvantages. In the area of implant-to-abutment transition, there is an inevitable micro-gap, which is a retention niche for bacteria. The placement of this micro-gap immediately above the bone leads to its constant contamination and bacterial load. As a result, a resorption process can be observed in the course of the natural remodeling processes following the introduction of an implant in the area of the implant shoulder (= upper edge), which can be traced back, inter alia, to the bacterial load emanating from the gap. In particular between the abutment and the root implant arise gaps that are problematic bacterial, especially if they are at bone level and made of flexible materials (titanium). The stress causes the saliva-bacteria mixture in the gap to be pumped out and in the gap.

In addition, the posts must have a certain size, so that at a later date bridges or crowns can be firmly fixed on it so as not to break under load. The bigger the pole, the better the neck of the crown. But this also leads to a considerable risk that the implants are loaded in the healing phase and thus do not heal. This in turn means that the implants that are screwed in, fail or at least must be removed. This problem occurs in particular in one-piece implants, in which the post is an integral part of the root implant.

In ceramic implants, the structure on the post is usually always made of ceramic or zirconium oxide. Especially with one-piece implants, however, the dentist is bound to cement the structure, or the crown / dentures directly on the post. It is no longer possible for him to remove the crown or the dentures and possibly make any changes. This is because, irrespective of which cement is used per se, the compound zirconium oxide on zirconium oxide is no longer soluble.

Implantologists and dentists are accustomed to being able to make implants on implants, which are at least partially removable. A decrease is important, for example, if after the trial period appropriate adjustments must be made, but also if the ceramic breaks, but also the aesthetics must be revised again. For this reason, the previous two-piece titanium implants are provided with screwed solutions.

Two-part implants with a removable abutment are also known from the prior art. They are used in particular when the final restoration of teeth replacement can not be predicted over a long period of time. This is especially true when bone substance is present, which brings with it the likelihood that the implants only partially heal well. For example, a so-called Locator ^® pushbutton on the implant known. However, one-piece implants do not provide such solutions. This is mainly because the conditionally removable construction with a push button or locator in titanium causes high abrasion wear, which means that titanium push button and locator abutments usually have to be replaced after 3 to 5 years. In the case of a one-piece pushbutton or locator ring, this would mean that the entire implant would have to be removed from the bone.

Two-piece titanium implants have so-called insertion aids, which are screwed firmly onto the implant. As a result, they can already be held well and firmly during the insertion process from the sterile packaging to the bore in the jaw during the screwing process. However, one-piece implants, especially those made of zirconium oxide, generally do not provide such insertion aids since the post protrudes and no tools are provided to grip and fix the implant differently. If the implant accidentally falls out of the holder, it is useless, as it may not be re-sterilized (Medical Devices Act).

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a one-piece implant of zirconium oxide, with which at least some of the disadvantages that have been listed above are avoided.

Solution of the task

The solution of the problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

Advantages of the invention

According to the invention it is provided to form a dental implant with a post in one piece, but the post has only a small height. The post is in the coronal direction on the front side of an implant body and extends in the cervical direction. Preferably, this post is rotationally symmetrical and its axis is identical to the axis of the likewise rotationally symmetrical implant body. The diameter of the post is less than the diameter of the implant body in the area where the post attaches.

By a small amount is meant, for example, a size range between 2mm and 4mm, wherein the height of the frontal approach of the implant body is measured up to the free end of the post. A preferred embodiment provides a post height of 3 mm. In comparison to the prior art, the hitherto known posts in the case of one-piece zirconium oxide implants are at least 4 mm in size or even larger. The post size is designed so extremely small that the implant can always remain in the healing phase without protective measures. If the patient wears a prosthesis, it can be easily ground, since the small post requires little space.

The post has an envelope contour, which is preferably conical in shape and preferably has a 6 to 10 degree inclination with respect to its vertical.

An embodiment advantageously has a functional element with a plurality of surfaces, preferably four surfaces, which are preferably directly at the foot of the post, that are arranged at the transition from the implant body to the post.

In a preferred embodiment, the functional element comprises projections or undercuts arranged on the circumference of the post. With a corresponding screwing a positive and non-positive connection between the screwing tool and the post can be made. So a simple screwing in with a screwing tool is possible.

These surfaces of the functional element preferably provide a dual function, which can be seen firstly in that a screwing-in tool acts on the functional element in order to screw in the implant body and, on the other hand, to cooperate with a crown or the abutment.

Subsequently to the functional element - in the coronal direction - an undercut is provided. This means that first a diameter reduction and then a diameter increase in the coronal direction is formed thereafter. This results in a ring element. The size is dimensioned so that it fits on a small diameter of 4mm on diameter-reduced implants.

In contrast to the prior art, the dental implant thus has a very extremely short post which, due to its technical design, namely the provision of a corresponding undercut with a ring element arranged at the free end, allows many possibilities.

One option is to use a gripping and screwing tool that clicks on the push-button above the post to provide a secure holder for the attending physician. This makes it possible for the single-piece ceramic implant to be guided from its storage unit to the patient without losing it, regardless of the movement involved. After screwing in the screwing tool is simply removed from the "push-button connection". An embodiment provides that the ring element is symmetrical and thus round. A further embodiment provides that the ring element is seen in plan view, "cut off", so that the ring element can be used as Eindrehhilfe.

Thus, it is possible for the attending physician to adjust and apply directly to the one-piece implant crown or bridge. This is possible with appropriate fasteners such as cement or plastic.

On the other hand, however, it is also possible to apply an abutment which is constructed such that it closes tightly on the edge of the implant or implant body. This abutment sets on the short post, wherein the outer diameter is preferably larger than the implant body in the region of the neck of the post. The post provides a first retention element (male part) which cooperates with another retention element (female part) arranged within the abutment, so that a usable connection exists. Since the implant and thus also the post consists of zirconium oxide, the ring element can be formed together with the undercut as a male part, for example as Locator ^® ring and dimensioned such that corresponding clamping ring elements as a die, such as Novaloc ^® -Matrize, for producing a detachable connection can be included.

The abutment is also made of zirconium oxide and has sufficient wall thickness. Under sufficient is an order of about 0.5mm to 2mm to understand. The abutment can be screwed onto the post of the implant body with a screw, for example M1.5 or M1.6. For this purpose, a threaded bore is provided on the front side at the free end of the post. This threaded hole provides a variety of ways to efficiently and effectively provide the implant with dentures in terms of screwing with the Eindrehool, temporary and definitive dentures. So far, no versions of one-piece implants are known from the prior art, the front side having a threaded bore. Due to the choice of material (ceramic), a special stable design of this threaded hole is possible. This threaded connection can only be activated or used when high forces act on the abutment.

The abutment 10 itself also has a thread on the side facing the implant. This thread is usually larger, for example, this has a size of M2.5. Preferably, this thread is formed in a chimney-like construction facing away from the abutment. This in turn brings with it the possibility that on the abutment still another "supply", such as a crown or a bridge-bearing bridge construction can be screwed.

To ensure the hold between the abutment and the implant, the retention elements are provided. These retention elements allow the abutment to abut the post of the implant closely with a defined force, as these retention inserts are available in different sizes There are variants with regard to the defined pull-off force. A preferred embodiment provides that a clamping ring element engages within the abutment, the undercut on the post and so forms a fixation. The abutment is push-button-like placed on the post and pressed until the clamping ring element within the abutment sweeps over the ring element on the post and snaps into the undercut (clicks). This makes it possible that the abutment can also be removed again. As clamping ring elements, for example Novaloc ^® matrices and retention inserts can be used. The tension ring elements have a defined pull-off force, which are preferably in the ranges of 6N to 25N.

Such a design for one-piece implants made of the material titanium would make no sense, since this retention element would wear out and the implant would have to be replaced approximately every 3 to 5 years. The training in zirconia is therefore useful because there is no wear and flexibility is gained. For example, it may be used once with e.g. provisionally supplying four locator-based implants. Even over a longer period of time, the flexibility is retained, initially releasable and possibly later firmly seated to form the abutment.

Alternatively, a cement lock can be used with the same abutment and the same post.

On the abutment can be burned directly the final crown shape. Then this crown can be cemented directly - no retention element is used. As a result, the cement flows into the undercut below the ring element and into the recess of the retention element in the abutment. A cement ring forms around the post in the area of the undercut which, in the sense of a "cement lock", prevents the crown from dislodging from the post when loaded, or alternatively a second abutment without a recess for the retention element It also has the possibility of screwing the crown directly onto the post with the screw, and the possibility exists, by inserting the retention element, as described above, that the crown only opens to "click" the post and thus give the patient the opportunity to remove the dentures daily for cleaning and to clean dentures and posts.

Due to the design of the post and the interaction of the abutment with the retention element and possibly the front screw in the post screw each denture or temporary can be clicked, screwed and cemented. This allows abutments to be placed on this post as a mesostructure (by screwing, clicking or cementing).

Due to the design and construction of the dental implant system, it is no longer necessary to technically machine (eg, grind) the implant in the mouth. Due to the modeling of the structure on the abutment, this can be done outside the mouth, for example by the dental technician.

Even so-called disangulations can now be compensated by the dental technician by grinding the abutment, which also consists of ceramic, since the abutment, in contrast to the far-reaching state of the art has sufficient wall thickness.

Since the post includes the ring member, the dentures can (for example Novaloc ^®) will be provided a removable solution available in a prosthesis for loss of implants or if enough implants can not be inserted immediately by inserting replacement males. Conversely, a planned and existing removable solution can be easily transferred by insertion of other implants by the previously mentioned options in a fixed or conditionally fixed supply.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the following description, the drawings and the claims.

drawings

Show it:

1 a three-dimensional view of the one-piece implant with the specially designed post;

2 another view on the post of the implant according to 1 ;

3 a three-dimensional view of the dental implant system consisting of the specially designed implant with the corresponding post and an abutment;

4 a section through the abutment according to 3 ;

5 a section through the abutment with a retention element;

6 a section through the abutment with a planned cement lock.

Description of the embodiment

In the 1 and 2 is a part of the dental implant system shown. The implant 1 consists of the implant body 2 and with the implant body 2 integrally connected posts 3 ,

Both implant body 2 as well as posts 3 may consist of a ceramic material, such as zirconia.

The implant body 2 has an external thread at its apical end 4 which extends in a cervical direction. The largest diameter of the implant body 2 is in the embodiment shown here preferably up to 3.8 mm, but can also vary to 4.6 or 5.4 mm.

The implant body 2 indicates at the front in cervical (coronal) direction the post 3 on. This post 3 is rotationally symmetric about an axis A3. The axis A3 is congruent with the axis A2 of the implant body 2 ,

Starting from the approach of the post 3 is first in the embodiment shown here in the figures, a functional element 5 intended. This functional element 5 has the function of interacting with a tool to access the implant 1 a rotary movement in the direction of the arrow 6 exercise in order to use it properly. The functional element 5 represents in this context a Eindrehhilfe.

Subsequently, the post tapers 3 to his free end 7 and forms an undercut 8th before putting it in terms of diameter with respect to the undercut 8th in a ring element 9 passes, which has a larger diameter. The ring element 9 which has a width B can be considered as a Locator ^® ring.

The post 3 has a length L, this length is extremely short. Extremely short here means that the post has a maximum length of about 2mm to 4mm.

The implant 1 now serves to either directly on the post 3 a supply can be applied. Under supply is understood, for example, a crown or a bridge. Furthermore, it is conceivable that with a cement lock a corresponding positive and non-positive connection between the post and crown can be achieved. A plastic-like design and thus a firm connection are conceivable. Alternatively or additionally, a screw connection is provided.

In the 3 the complete dental implant system Z is shown. It consists of the implant 1 and the abutment 10 , The abutment 10 which is in 4 is shown in section, has a, in comparison to the prior art, sufficient wall thickness W (preferably 1-3mm). This has the advantage that the outer contour can be adjusted according to the needs.

In addition, in the area of the abutment 10 provide two holes, namely a first hole 11 and another hole 12 , The first hole 11 Corresponds, as it also in the sectional view in the 5 and 6 to recognize, with the post 3 , By introducing a retention element 13 ( 5 ) or a cement lock 14 ( 6 ) is a positive and non-positive connection between the abutment 10 and the implant body 2 reached. The further drilling 12 is designed such that this additionally a seat 16 for a screw head of a screw.

It is within the abutment 10 formed a cavity which is designed such that a Retensionsioninsatz 13 can be inserted. With attached abutment 10 grips the retention element 13 in the undercut 8th and interact with this. The abutment 10 is now on the post with a defined pull-out force 3 arranged.

Alternatively, in the area in which the retention element itself 13 is provided, the cement lock 14 be introduced. Cement flows into the area of the undercut 8th below the ring element 9 and in the recess of the retention element 13 in the abutment. As a result, a cement ring forms around the post, which in the sense of a cement lock 14 prevents the crown from dislodging from the post when loaded, despite the small post size.

An additional screw connection 15 (M1.4 to M1.8 - length 1.0 to 3mm) ensures that the connection withstands extreme loads. The screw connection 15 consists of a screw 15a and a threaded hole 15b , This screw 15a acts with the threaded hole 15b , the front side at the free end 7 of the post 3 is arranged together.

The further drilling 12 that of the first hole 11 is opposite, is intended to accommodate more connections, so for example, a crown or a bridge can be screwed. In the drawing is a screw 17 shown, for screwing crown or bridge with the abutment 10 suitable is. Will this screw 17 not required for screwing, so is a plug element, as in the 3 to 6 is shown provided). This screw 17 it will not work.

The abutment 10 serves to accommodate the supply accordingly. Due to the sufficient wall thicknesses - which are possible due to the short post, among other things - a disanglement is also possible. Especially because of the abutment 10 made of zirconium oxide (ceramic) and can be ground by the dental technician in the laboratory. As a result, parallelism between two actually non-parallel implants can be generated.

But it can also be burned directly on this zirconium oxide abutment and a crown can be produced.

The dental implant system according to the invention is characterized by the extremely short post size of the implant. This advantageously leads to the fact that the implant can always remain in the healing phase without any protective measure. If the patient wears a prosthesis, it can be easily ground, since the small post requires little space.

In this healing phase, a so-called healing cap on the post could be clicked to a contamination of the threaded hole 15b to prevent and the tongue darzubieten no angular edges.

Due to the provided push button geometry on the surface of the post, a restoration can be fixed by inserting a retention element into the abutment on the post by a click connection, which is easily removable again. As a result, a sample of the structure is easily possible.

On the abutment but can also be burned directly the final crown shape. This crown can also be cemented directly, so no retention element or screw must be used. This causes the cement to flow into the undercut of the abutment. Around the post, a cement ring is formed which, in the sense of a cement lock, prevents the crown from disengaging from the post when loaded, despite the small post size.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible to use a second abutment without a recess for the retention element. This contains an annular recess for the formation of the cement ring. But it is also possible to screw the crown with a screw, for example, in the order of M1.6 directly to the post.

An advantageous further training provides that by using a retention element, the crown is only on the post to click and thus gives the patient permanently the opportunity to remove the dentures daily for cleaning and to clean dentures and implant. In addition, however, a bar construction can be achieved on the abutment on the larger threaded connection. The abutment is then used as a so-called mesostructure.

An advantageous further embodiment provides that the insertion tool and the receiving tool for the dental implant system are integrally formed. Thus, for example, has the screwdriver at the base a corresponding square training, which allows the screwing in over the four provided areas. In the upper part of the insertion tool is also a recess, which receives the retention element. By pressing the implant with the post creates a positive and non-positive connection between the insertion tool and the post and thus the implant is very safe to be removed from the sterile package until screwed into the bone.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 implant

2

 implant body

3

 post

4

 external thread

5

 functional element

6

 arrow

7

 free end

8th

 undercut

9

 ring element

10

 abutment

11

 first hole

12

 further drilling

13

 retention element

14

 Castle cement

15

 screw

15a

 screw

15b

 threaded hole

16

 Seat

17

 screw

A2

 axis

A3

 axis

B

 width

L

 length

W

 Wall thickness

Z

 Dental implant system

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Zipprich et al., 2007 [0004]
• Atieh et al., 2010 [0004]

Claims (9)

Dental implant comprising an implant body and an apically arranged external thread for screwing into a jawbone and a post arranged at its coronal end for receiving a structural element, wherein the post and implant body are integrally formed, characterized in that the post ( 3 ) has a height L and the height L is in a range of 2mm to 4mm, the post ( 3 ) at least one undercut ( 8th ), this undercut ( 8th ) arises because the free end ( 7 ) a ring element ( 9 ), wherein the ring element ( 9 ) in plan view has a larger diameter than the part of the post ( 3 ) which contacts the ring element ( 9 ) and in the direction of the implant body ( 2 ). Dental implant according to claim 2, characterized in that the ring element ( 9 ) is a patrix. Dental implant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the post ( 3 ) at its free end a threaded hole ( 15b ) having. Dental implant according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the post ( 3 ) has an envelope contour that is substantially conical in shape and has a 6 to 10 degree inclination with respect to its perpendicular. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dental implant is made of ceramic. Abutment for the dental implant according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the abutment ( 10 ) as a die for the male part of the dental implant two holes ( 11 . 12 ), which face each other on an axis and the first bore ( 11 ) for receiving the post ( 3 ) suitable is. Abutment according to claim 7, characterized in that (within the abutments 10 ) Areas for receiving a retention element ( 13 ) are provided. Abutment according to at least one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the abutment ( 10 ) consists of ceramic. Dental implant system consisting of a dental implant according to at least one of claims 1 to 6 and an abutment according to at least one of claims 7 to 9.

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