DE2113875A1 - Device for pumping fluids into a pipe system - Google Patents

Description

521 Troisdorf? Ina 7 ς

Blüchersfraß 22 CI IQQ (Q

Pierre Playward, 92 Saint-Cloud, 6, Rue des Ecoles, France

Device for pumping liquids into a pipe system

The present invention relates to a device for pumping liquids into a pipe system, and especially for pumping liquids such as hydrocarbons Connections in oil lines or pipelines or of liquids that form a suspension with solid substances.

It is known that a substantial part of the cost price when transporting liquids, and especially hydrocarbon compounds, in pipelines of great length, e.g., pipelines, through which nofc- VHiU (iii; & ti iinergiekonten, wubel es s i often uin electrical Eiifitv:! - * · liandt, jnU, tehG, It is therefore important that the device for i'ur.'ipim, the ilen transport of liquids beiio ^ 'f ,, .ji.ne i, (ii. ; tutiß hai., the ho big as n: ö ;; U I did, except- (i; ": I .. J ..,!".;:. i Wl iiii; · -i t '. « Hl 5 ; i t't ^>? ., - "IiI ti JU ^; Voi'V ± (\ hl ~ <Uh ^: ] iUliil F ^; i:;. P _; * h» Htie v / o »; f-; iit ; it.; tie Λΐιμ · .ι: ί ;;. ιΙΐιϊ .Γ ^: πι: Hjkäne. im Liv.iL ' } /-.-; 0'. <. · '.I--, UIH oif.n ^{: /:;;.} '; ίν (:: -a liüiiiiiri'tnj ^ ju -ιϊ ~ äri'iurf- οη, ij i: jntv u, wi-t.' t *: ¹ _dr.rien; ; l ·; -t -; u Τι -.- i. ·! ►-. £ .-- ij't; von, -ι ^1. , ail ;; j .ii f ^{; 1} 1 .ά .; ..; Ljk ": i '.oü ■; \ ΐ" χ- i- ■■■'.;-nni;'s .-. Iti i ./. -, .u'A \ iV-i .: liiiii -ItI-J -Μ .-;> - .; ■, (trti.r f-: n i.-u · ■ '"■:.;' t ■ ■■ ■ - ■ ^; .-- ■ i. ; ■ ". ', .ILa ei ii.: L-iia * v.: = - H: iv; iUJii' L, u; ^^ L GW- i."> ... ..a .--. . Ji.üuiis;!; : .. '.. ■! ·

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Until now, the transport in the pipelines has been carried out with the help of fumping groups in stations that are distributed along the length of the pipelines, with centrifugal pumps being used as pumps. It is known that the operation of the pipeline system in the pipelines is conditioned by the conditions which prevail in the route of the pipeline or in the drain and these can be very unfavorable. Incidentally, this route can change in one and the same pipeline, which results in a change in the properties and in particular the viscosities of the various liquids that pass through the pipeline one after the other. As a result, the pressures and the flow rates ensured by the pumping groups must be changed frequently. These changes are caused over time, either by losses, additional delivery quantities or by a change in the speeds, for example with the help of adjusting devices. In these two cases, there is a great loss of energy , all the more so when the various pumps operate at certain capacities which are guaranteed by the size and the flow rate and which are far from the maximum capacities of the pumps.

As a result of the essential changes in the flow rate, groups of pumps have notion been arranged in parallel or in series, or have been terminated again. The commissioning or ei ι.-; ! πορρβη these ¹ pumping groups is extremely difficult and ti Uii-Mi has an energy loss Ln the transfer areas for ¹ F '> Ltfii, / fslchtiii auijöTuem jLrie premixing of the liquids b ^ i: -! i ;! α-it ¹ original parting surface «consumed, external ■■■: 1;» oi ;; - it; fiii.-l: i>L;: hr. .iuf cli,;: κ; η deficiency -in inp- .u; un; ., capable. ";: L? ·" i MUi. -.- · ΓΪ | ξ,: / Lt "'kfj: -": i.:O il-33Uribv; tL i ^ igcin die; 7 -. ": T'i: .- _s -.i. Fiii; · ■": W "iv; Δ A), b 1 · [. ■ '■ .fi-ii ;.: ■■:!. .. · inlii-t;., .- .- ■ / t.-I.ii I [ "'f-Li;iafsh-TiUl'ünftin Iai aILyeu ^ ii,.-.- i-1.. :H ".:;-. L'VL ^: ·. ;; Lj - "- ;: r3ltf; i.: .. ..1.: ^; .I'ai'tifL-; f., Ri: r ... ne.;, ■ / -: ■ · r.; -.- · .. _t .i? -

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BATH ORIGINAL

In order to avoid these unpredictable difficulties, the invention proposes a pumping device for liquids in a pipeline system, in particular in pipelines, which must be economically producible and which allows it constantly working with great power and speed allowed in the pipeline with a maximum of adaptability and all of a sudden according to the different Situations that may arise reacts.

The invention relates to a pumping device for liquids in a pipe system. It is characterized by that it consists in its combination of at least one pump and preferably several stages, wherein aer rotor is provided with blades, which rotate at the same time around corresponding axes, which on a revolving Cone are arranged, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the rotor, that the pumps mentioned have devices, which enable said blades to rotate, servomotors connected to said pumps are, in order to control the rotary movement of said blades about said axes, that motor elements are provided, to drive the pumps mentioned that in the pipeline system Suction devices arranged adjacent to the pumps mentioned are to measure hydraulic parameters of the flow of the pipe system and control means are provided which receive the measured values originating from said suction devices and said servo motors for alignment control the shovels.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is used in particular in pipelines, these pumps are which are provided with their servomotors and drive motors, arranged in pumping stations that run along the length of the pipeline divided along the geographical location of this latter are, with each pumping station a device for recording the flow rate, pressure recording by suction and

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■ Stowage and possibly a recording of the specific weight and has a viscosity record. The control means that act on the servomotors to control the blades of the Rotating pumps are equipped with electrical or other transmissions that enable them to: to receive the measured values of said recordings, these control elements also having devices that it make it possible to compare the given values of the recordings with the specified values, e.g. for the flow rate and / or the required pressure.

Further advantages and characteristic features of the invention emerge from the following description, which refers to the Designation, which does not limit the invention, and refers to the accompanying drawings.

Show it:

1 shows a schematic sectional illustration through a pump for a device according to the invention,

2 shows a graphical representation of the route of a pipeline, determined pressures in the various sections the pipeline through the pumps for a given amount of urine and a given liquid,

3 shows a graphical representation for a speed at a given rotational speed, the characteristic properties and the performance curves of a pump of the device according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, a stage of the pumping of the device according to the invention is shown. It consists of a runner 1, who is from is driven outside the pipeline system, with With the help of motors (not shown), e.g. with the help of electric motors or diesel motors. The rotor 1 rotates in a front diffuser 2 and a rear diffuser 3 and has an annular zone which preferably, but not exclusively, a spherical or

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still has a toric shape 4. This strip 4 is provided with a certain number of blades 5. The part of the tube 4 ^f which is arranged in the direction of the strip 4 also preferably has a spherical shape. The blades 5 are adapted to be able to rotate about the axes 6 which the strip 4 penetrates. The geometrical extensions of the axes 6 all meet at one point on the axis of the rotor, all of which are arranged on a circumferential cone, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the rotor. A corresponding mechanism, for example with toothed wheels or helical slopes arranged inside the rotor, allow all the blades 5 to rotate simultaneously about their respective axes 6 at the same angle. According to the invention, the drive of the blades takes place through the interior of this mechanism from a servo motor which can be arranged either inside the rotor itself or outside the pipeline system. It can be seen that it is possible during the rotating movement of the blades 5, if one wishes, to practically close the passage through the pump, which also has a protective effect, on condition that the said blades are in one appropriate type profiled.

It is easy to see that, for a given speed of rotation, by changing the inclination of the blades 5, one can ensure the pumps to achieve a flow rate and a pressure with a maximum capacity. In one implementation, the performance of these pumps depends on the flow rate and the inclination of the blades, as can be seen in FIG. In this figure, on the abscissa Q is the flow rate in rrr / sec. ^{and on the} ordinate H, the height is given in m water column. The curves i-0 ° to i-25 ° show the characteristic properties for the various angles of inclination i of the blades. The curves up to $ 89 illustrate the curves of equal performance. The following statements refer to FIG. 2.

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This figure illustrates a pipeline. This pipeline has a starting station 8 and three intermediate stations 9, 10 and 11, which have four sections of the pipeline 12, 15, 14 and 15, the section 15 leading to an end station 16, where the transported liquids on the various Consumer divides. You can see from curve A - on the abscissa of the figure are kilometers and on the ordinate are meters specified - the profile at the height of the pipeline.

Each of the stations 8,9,10 and 11 is with pumps the one before described type provided, namely with several stages. In a corresponding device, the liquid has, if it penetrates the suction point of station 8, a pressure corresponding to a height of approximately 100 m. The pumps of the Station 8 increases this pressure height to 500 m, whereby the pressure of this liquid, e.g. a hydrocarbon compound, abandoned the pipe of the pipeline. Taking into account the losses, the height increases according to the projection of the liquid in the section 12, and you can see this decrease in curve B, which indicates the pressure at the level of the liquid, taking into account the effect of the path taken. The liquid arrives at the suction part of the Station 9 with a height of about 150 m at point b. At this point b the liquid is taken up by the pumps of the station, which increases the pressure to a little more than 400 m raise. A new increase is made in station 10, then in station 11 and finally the liquid comes in the end station 16 with a height of a little less than 300 m at.

Assuming that the flow rate and other conditions remain constant, curve D remains during constant over time. Assuming that these conditions are met, the pumps in the various stations will run with their maximum power, which is characterized by the angle of inclination of your blades, the angle by the way are fundamentally different from one station to another.

-7-109842 / 1 203

The suction systems (not shown) make it possible to continuously measure 8.9 * 10 * 11 at different stations, as well as possibly at the end station 16, namely the suction pressure and the back pressure of the pumps, the specific weight of the liquid as well the temperature and possibly the viscosity in the various stations. The information from these suction systems will be passed on to control devices, which e.g. can be arranged centrally for the entire pipeline. It would be with one preferred embodiment be just as possible to arrange independently working control devices at each station, these facilities are simply connected to a central device, and then the independence of the Function are canceled. A permanent facility, which is characterized by the flow rate and the suction pressures as well as the jam in the various stations is set up so that it can be changed quickly, and that is generally the case in the pipelines. If, for example, one assumes that a liquid of different specific Weight and viscosity, e.g. of higher viscosity, is now introduced into the start station 8, the changes Pressure conditions in the entire pipeline very quickly, taking into account the level of the congestion, as well as the production loss, which change in the route section 12. The new conditions that set in the pipeline will be immediately detected by the extraction systems, which transfer these new conditions to control devices, in which calculations are made, which make it possible to determine the new conditions, which at different Positions of the pipeline can be adjusted, e.g. to maintain a constant flow rate or a constant height. These conditions are defined, with the aforementioned control devices defining the angles that the blades make of the various pumps in the stations.

The control devices then transmit the instructions to the various servomotors of the pumps, which adapt them and these servon ports determine the direction of the

-8-10984? / 1203

Blades of pumps. The extraction systems indicate the new conditions that then arise. In the case where these new conditions would be different from the previous conditions, a new regulation would apply according to the use the same type. Palis that happens, you can see the speed of the pumps as a whole by adjusting the directions of the blades of their stages to an optimal one Maintain performance.

As has already been described in detail above, the regulating devices are preferably with automatically regulating devices Devices provided and arranged in the vicinity of each station fc and allow the automatic control of the station. During the operation of a pumping station according to the invention, the maximum permissible pressures between the stations, provided that the Station is ready for operation, materially specified by the static pressures, with the information points pre-regulated and depend on the mechanical possibilities of the pipeline system.

The flow rate in the station is determined by the upstream stations. The height of the station is given by the delivery loss that occurs in the downstream power section. All of these parameters are recorded by the suction systems in the station, and these "parameters are sent to the self-regulating device of the station passed on, which has the task of starting the number of pumps required and adjusting the angle of the blades, to get the maximum overall performance. The self-regulating device can for this purpose a have cam-shaped surface, according to the performance curves of the station (these curves are included in the Starteijrhach curves of Fig. 3 when considering the calculation of the Number and the device considered in series and / or parallel connection of the pumps), said cam-shaped Surface cooperates with a roller or a button,

. · ■ -9- 10 9842/1203

which are arranged with the help of fastening means, which be fixed by the parameter values recorded in the suction devices. The situation at the height of the The control roller or the button on the cam surface determines the input of a corresponding signal at this position in the Servomotors of the pumps of the pumping station to determine the angle of inclination of the blades of the pumps mentioned.

With such a self-regulating device, too, the cam surface can be determined by a mathematically determined device by replacing characteristic surfaces for the pumps, said surfaces generally being surfaces second degree may be similar. In this case, the control device is provided with a computer which, according to logical, analog or numerical aspects associated with the various suction devices of the station, said Computer forwards instructions to the servomotors of the station's pumps, resulting in an adjustment of the angle of inclination of the blades according to the value corresponding to the point of the characteristic area of the pumping group, where you are now and the abscissa and ordinate of which are determined by the values obtained by the suction devices for flow and pressure.

The mathematical model with characteristic curves is preferably based on the calculation of the derivation of the function um to enable the position of maximum values of performance in place of calculators that work incrementally. One avoids in this way the phenomenon of pumping mentioned, which is a constant disadvantage of conventional regulators.

The control devices also include local devices for the automatic control of pump groups, a central device, which is connected to the various stations by transmission elements, and instructions (angle of inclination of the Shoveling, starting or stopping additional pumps, actuation of gate valves) forwarded to various stations,

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namely according to the puncture method of a mathematical model, which the optimal conditions for pumping in the pipeline determined, taking into account various parameters that are known from the start (volume and type of flow medium, Demand from consumers, technical and economic conditions related to the performance of the pipeline). That mathematical model, which is determined in a manner known per se, then enables the device for the central Regulation that e.g. has a way of working that adapts to the respective time conditions, whereby the conditions that they in each station, either at the end or individually to evaluate. This is set up under the conditions that ^ Ie devices for the automatic control of pumping groups wards switch themselves on in order to set the puncture mode of the pumps with an output that is as high as possible, and maintain. The device according to the invention allows various self-regulation devices, which it includes, a continuous and optimal regulation of pumps to realize what corresponds to their number and the angles of their blades, as well as the total duration of the possible range the permitted parameters. If certain conditions can no longer be met, the mathematical informs you Model of the suction devices and the transmission elements, whereby it will be able to determine new instructions, which will also lead to optimal values through the mentioned devices for automatic regulation.

It should be noted that the device according to the invention allows a considerable port step with respect to per se, known pipelines. If, for example, all pumps are used to achieve a given performance with an optimal Power is running, and if it is necessary to decrease heights it would then be necessary to compensate for the output, by replacing any losses that occur with additional quantities. When all performance is lost or the speed of the pumps is changed, or if a

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or several pumps are stopped, this results in an even loss of performance. It is to be noted that in this general way the conditions in the pipelines do not only change with different liquids, but also with regard to the demand for removal and arrival as well as with regard to the differences in tariffs within the hourly sections of electrical energy 'extraction. It should be noted that thanks to the invention the adaptation to the various new and desired conditions results and the possibility exists that the Inclination of the blades of the pumps of the device to change continuously.

When the same phenomenon occurs in a normal pipeline, i.e. when a more viscous liquid is added to the pipeline which has flowed through a liquid with a lower viscosity, it is necessary for the security The conditions for the pipes in the pipeline must be met, the flow rate must be reduced so as not to be too large Receive loss and not be forced to apply too much pressure at the beginning. The stations like 9,10 and have to change their function in the same way as the entry station 8. It is therefore necessary to either lose or flow through with the help of additional quantities in the liquid column equalize, or change the speed of the pumps that bring in a quick shot of liquid, or certain pumps still stop. Experience shows that it is not possible in these conventional pipelines, and in these especially, to lose a substantial amount of energy and the conditions in time and in the space to change. When using the devices conventionally used, sudden occurrences inevitably occur Changes that are transmitted e.g. through excess pressures along the pipe and the various devices that subject to this sudden change and which will continue even with sufficient intervention to reduce or eliminate the effects.

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In contrast, as a result of the possibility of dfe inclination of the blades of the various pumps of the device according to "the invention achieves that one with the other can work together to progressively lessen the blows and maintain the discharge in a condition whereby the mixtures at the contact surfaces of the different liquids are reduced and the energy losses are reduced will.

This port step is also interesting when starting and stopping the pipeline. In the case of starting, for example, it acts is about the fact that the pumps have a zero angle of inclination on the fe blade, which is then progressively increased to set the desired pressures inside the tube and to provide the desired flow rates. In the same way, in the case of stopping, one can progressively use the Reduce the pressure if the sudden negative pressure of one or more pumps in conventional equipment causes a very causes rapid water hammer, which can continue due to faults in the pipeline. It's still on it, by the way to point out that when the blades are set to 90 °, one overlap with the other and practically the flow of liquid through a built-in valve impede. This has an even stronger effect, which reduces the risk of a sudden blow.

On the other hand, the fine adjustability of the pipeline enables the turbulence in the separation areas of the different liquids, that move in the pipe, and also important relationships with regard to the tendency of the collision or the Reduce the interaction of different columns of liquid. This considerably prevents the penetration of the Liquids in the contact zones, which are usually associated with great difficulties, especially in piplines great length.

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Another interest in the device according to the invention is because it is possible to determine the effect To influence pumps in their energy consumption by adjusting their blades appropriately. This possibility is particularly important for the frictional resistance of the Column of liquid in sloping parts of pipelines and it is even possible to recover delivered energy, by coupling an electric generator to the pump. This saves the drainage container and valve that are usually used be used in such conditions.

It is also possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the pump by turning the blades, thereby changing the direction of flow to reverse in the pipeline and thus a loading of the conveyor in the event of a rupture or breakthrough of the pipe. Then pumps can preferably be arranged where they are protected from damage such as by rivers, Roads and settlement areas can be preserved.

The device according to the invention enables the various To adapt pumping stations quickly and precisely to the new conditions of the flow, for example in the case of a sudden shock, e.g. due to the unexpected closing of a valve is caused. Then you notice that there is an overpressure that develops very quickly spreads upstream and it is then necessary to stop the pumps that are there. In the conventional pipelines stopping pumps in this way is generally difficult. These rough stops create excess pressures, which continue and add to the overpressure that can be attributed to the sudden influences that the Can cause damage to the pipeline.

In the device according to the invention, the wave of the blow is detected by one of the suction devices, the are specially arranged along the line and measure the wave in a known manner by taking it from a simple

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Increasing the static pressure makes a difference. The suction device transmits the information by remote transmission to the stations, which thus receive the signal, around a wave of low pressure and thereby the overpressure wave to dismantle.

In the device according to the invention, the stopping of the Pumps can be ensured with a very sensitive fine adjustment, and one can thus reduce the blows without strong Impairment of the pumps and without the risk of producing interacting effects. Also is stopping the engines not necessary, so that the restarting of the pumping is easier as soon as the drain subsides and the new start-up which makes engines economical, which is always disadvantageous compared to the past.

It is of course possible to use the devices in certain cases according to the invention with conventional pumping devices for pipelines to connect. So it would be possible in one or more conventional pumping stations for one Pipeline one behind the other to arrange pumps with adjustable blades, to connect them to their servomotors and Provide control devices to operate them. In this case, when the device according to the invention to a conventional pipeline is connected, this would only be interposed to effect the regulation of the pipeline, since the basic pumping work is completely ensured by the conventional pumping groups.

On the other hand, in certain applications there could only be a single pumping station for lines, i.e. not require many intermediate stations, such as for tankers. If one uses such a device, these devices regulate the pump, which is put into operation with a blade angle of zero by avoiding too large an energy pulse to enter into the motor that drives the pump, or in the general way to apply too high a starting torque.

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As soon as the sequence of stopping the engine is over, the Winlö. enlarged and the pump promotes. The means of regulation detect the flow rate and the pressures of the suction part and the jam so that they determined or the flow rate the drainage height from which a second pump or a second pump group must start in order to maintain optimal performance. When the system is run in, do the same the control devices determine the blade angle of all pumps. The control equipment can be programmed to ensure that the various pumps of the pumping station follow one another put into operation, these are connected in series or in parallel when the power of the pumps is previously put into operation, which remains at a value that is as high as possible, with the help of the control devices that act on the servomotors, which becomes smaller up to a certain value that is specified beforehand. Then every effort is made to look at the following pumps to increase the performance anew.

Of course, the device could not intervene in a special case when a single pump with an or coincide several stages with the servomotor or servomotors and the control devices.

Expectations

1Q9842 / 1203

Claims (1)

Expectations (Device for pumping a liquid into a pipeline system characterized by the combination of at least one pump with several stages, the rotor for each of these blades carrying blades, which are simultaneously rotatable about corresponding axes SLrfib, which are arranged on a revolving cone, the axis of which with the axis of the rotor coincides that the said pumps have mechanical devices that allow the said blades to rotate, that servomotors are provided which are connected to the said pumps to control the rotation of the said blades about the said axes, that Drive means are provided to attack the said pumps, that suction devices are provided which are arranged in the pipeline system in the vicinity of the said pumps in order to measure hydraulic parameters of the flow of the pipeline system and that control elements are provided which receive the measured values obtained from the said suction egg originate from devices and the mentioned servomotors determine the setting of the blades. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in particular for pumping in pipelines, characterized in that it consists of a certain number of pumping stations which are arranged along the pipelines leaving spaces between them, each station having at least one such pump with pivotable blades and its servomotor having. J5. Device for pumping a liquid into a line, in particular for equipping tankers, characterized by the combination of at least one pump with at least one stage, the rotor of which is provided with blades which can be rotated at the same time about corresponding axes on a circulating cone are arranged, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the rotor, -17-109842 / 1203 that at least one servomotor is present, which with is connected to said pump in order to act on a device which allows said blades to make their axes rotatable, that drive means are provided to drive the pump, as well as suction devices, which are arranged in the pipeline system in the vicinity of the pumps mentioned, in order to determine hydraulic parameters to measure the liquid flowing through the pipe system and that control devices are available, which receive the measured values originating from the suction devices mentioned and the servomotor mentioned the setting of the shovels. 4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3j, characterized in that a suction device for the suction pressure and a suction device for the dynamic pressure is provided for each pump and that there is also at least one suction device for the flow rate. 5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower and the upper ends of each vane shift when the vane rotates relative to a spherical zone of the rotor or a spherical region of the conduit in which the rotor rotates moves, the spherical shapes on said strip and said area both being centered at the apex of the cone on which the axes of the blades are located. 6. Device according to any one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the control means comprise local control means, each being arranged in the vicinity of a pumping station and having at least one cam surface, at least one surface being characteristic of the pumps of the station that a Button is provided, which is connected to adjusting elements, which are confirmed by the parameter values that are generated by the suction -18- 109842/1203 facilities are taken from the station that said cam cooperates with said cam surface, and that Means are provided which are actuated by the position of the cam on the cam surface to give instructions to the servo motors to be transmitted so that they determine the angle of inclination of the blades, depending on the Position of the named cam on the named cam surface. 7. Device according to any one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the control elements have local control devices, each being arranged behind a pumping station and having a computer in which at least one characteristic area of the pumps of the stations is stored said computer comprising means for determining the operating point of the pumping group of the station on said characteristic surface and means being provided for transmitting instructions to the servomotors for determining the angle of inclination of the blades as a function of the position the operating point of the pumping group on the specified area. 8. Device according to one of claims 6 and 7 » characterized in that the control devices also have a central control device with suction devices fc and local control devices connected to the To transmit parameters for the operation of the pumping groups of the stations to the mentioned local devices. 9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 2, 4 and 5, comprising at least part of a descending line, characterized in that in said descending line at least one pump is arranged which has a device for recovering energy and wherein the blades are set according to the way in which the pump rotates under the effect of the falling liquid flow. -19-109842 / 1203 JO device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it uniformly comprises at least one pump of conventional design. 11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises pumps with pivotable blades which are arranged directly one behind the other in series. 12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises pumps with pivotable vanes arranged in parallel at the same level of the duct. 1Q9847 / 1203 Blank page