DE2112906A1 - Unwoven textile goods as well as the method and system for manufacturing the goods - Google Patents

Description

A / S FIBERTBX, Aalborg, Denmark. Unwoven textile goods as well as the method and system for manufacturing the goods.

The invention relates to a non-woven sheet or tape-like textile product containing two or more layers of fibrillatable plastic film or film, in particular polypropylene film, which through precisely or mainly monoaxial stretching oriented in different directions and after folding by needling have been brought to fibrillation.

British Patent 1,176,662 describes how a product of this type can be produced in a relatively simple manner directly by piercing the folded foils with needles. The goods can directly, e.g. as a floor or wall covering, or as a base layer in Carpets and other pile goods in which pile yarns are fastened in the base layer by the tufting or nubbing method will. While it is easy to establish molecular orientation of the plastic films going into the goods in their longitudinal direction, for example by simply stretching the film extruded as a continuous web, it is much more difficult to orientate them at an angle to the longitudinal direction, in particular transversely to it. It is known to extrude the film as a tube, the tube in its Stretch it lengthways and then cut it in a helical line. The method is complicated, and therefore

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half are the starting materials for the nonwoven described above Goods and thus the finished goods are relatively expensive, especially if the width of the goods and thus the width of the film web or webs,

whose orientation deviates from the longitudinal direction of the web, be large "j the overcoming of which is the object of the invention.
These and other disadvantages / are overcome with the present invention

eliminated, which consists in the fact that at least one of the said film layers is formed in the product of band-shaped elements, their Orientation direction runs exactly or mainly in the width direction of the goods, and before the folding with the other Foil layers with secondary bands or threads, which run exactly or mainly perpendicular to the first-mentioned or primary band-shaped elements, are added to form a network structure.

This means that a layer of a plastic film material oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal and feed direction can be introduced in an extremely simple manner, in that said layer is included as an element in a network that can be produced continuously at high speed and therefore at a low price . The other film or films in the product, due to the aforementioned orientation of the network elements a purely longitudinal orientation haben3 m that it becomes possible at einfachster production of these films, to obtain an angle of 90 ° between the Orientierrichtungen, which again a homogeneous or uniform Distribution of the fiber directions in the finished goods and uniform strength and elongation properties in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the goods required. The net structure at the same time forms a convenient means of temporarily collecting the elements stretched in the transverse direction of the finished product before they are permanently joined to the longitudinal film layer or layers. When a network structure is mentioned in this connection, this word also includes a structure in which at least the straps running in the width direction of the finished goods, wholly or practically speaking, abut one another so that they are essentially due to their assembly with the longitudinal network elements act like a coherent slide.

It is appropriate that the primary and secondary mesh elements are made of the same material and are the same Have shrinkage characteristics, as this measure to increase the

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the desired evenness of the finished goods.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the

the Ware, XWK is characterized in that at least one web monoaxial, length-oriented plastic film is preferred in its longitudinal direction and with a network that is preferred in the same direction, which of primary strips of longitudinally oriented plastic material and secondary network elements in the form of in The direction of feed consists of tapes or threads, is put together, and that the film web and the net are pierced with needles whereby fibrillation of at least the film web and the primary ribbons is achieved.

The secondary network elements by running cutting A a web of film into narrow strips are produced, which simplifies the production, by the starting material of these elements can be placed next to the Netzherstellmaschine optionally in one or a few rollers, which is less space requiring than the large coils tripods, the necessary would be if the elements were unwound in a conventional manner from each of their filament spools.

Several sheets of film can be laid in at least two layers in which the individual tracks laterally overlap each other, and then put together with the network, which makes it possible to produce very wide webs of material with a very uniform thickness.

Before and after the merging of the incoming goods

Foil layer or layers and the network can be a thin nonwoven fabric ^ be placed in the goods, which fleece is needled together with the other components of the goods. Such a fiber fleece cannot only a desired surface of the finished goods can be obtained, but the fleece can also serve to produce the desired assembly of the longitudinal and transverse material layers, first by needling and then more permanently by a stabilizing treatment in a heated calender or a heating furnace. After needling, the fleece serves to hold the fibers formed during the fibrillation of the foils together by pulling the fibers of the fleece through the action of the needles interlocking and around one another and around the short fiber lengths without it being necessary to cause substantial tearing of the film fibers, which increases the strength of the goods

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would decrease

The fiber fleece can with advantage in the same feed direction how the film layer or layers and the net are fed in, thereby avoiding local variations in the fleece thickness in the finished goods, which would arise when the fleece is crossed across the film webs.

Needling with fewer than 66 punches is preferred

2 ■ ■

pr. cm executed * This avoids significant destruction the monoaxially oriented molecular structure in the film layers and a corresponding weakening of the fabric strength and dimensional stability.

The invention also relates to an installation for carrying out the method, and the installation partly comprises stocks containing at least one a precisely or mainly monoaxially oriented plastic film web and at least one net web consisting of transverse primary ribbons, which are oriented in their longitudinal direction, and longitudinal secondary ribbons or threads, which are joined with the primary ribbons at the mutual crossing points, partly organs for the simultaneous advancement of the plastic film web or webs and the net web in their longitudinal direction and in mutual surface contact, partly means for joining the film web and the mesh web, and partly a needle assembly with a number of needles and organs for passing the needles across the folded tracks.

Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the following description, in which the schematic drawing reference is made to the parts of an embodiment for a system according to of the invention and a section of an embodiment of the goods according to the invention.

In the drawing shows

1 shows a side view of a machine entering the system for producing a network,

Flg. 2 shows a picture of the machine in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1, with certain details omitted for the sake of clarity,

3 shows a cross section through two layers of foil material, which are put together with a network produced on the machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 4 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3 with another 109841/1838

mutual arrangement of the film webs of the two layers,

5 shows a side view of the plant without the machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 6 shows a picture corresponding to FIG. 5 of a modified installation, the needle loom being omitted, and FIG

FIG. 7 shows an image in the direction of arrow VII in FIG. 5 the individual layers in the unit that is advanced to the needle loom before it enters the said machine.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a machine which is used to manufacture a network of intersecting plastic ribbons or threads, and which is broadly in accordance with FIG shown in U.S. Patent 3,384,521. The machine has a frame 1 with at least one vertical stand 2 through organs not shown, e.g. radial arms, carry a circular cylindrical support 3 for the network formed. The carrier 3 can be produced as a sheet metal ring made of heat-conducting material, which is provided on the inside with heating elements (not shown). Under the carrier 3, a guide ring 4 is also attached to the stand or stands 2, which guide ring 4 can optionally be cooled. Under the guide ring sits one or more guide members 5, the cross-section gradually from circular to elongated during the downward movement of the network reshape until the net is cut open at the bottom by two knives 6, so that two flat net structures are formed, which over guide rollers 7, which are stored in the frame 1, are each wound onto a roll-up roller S. :

In addition to the machine, a frame 9 is arranged, in which one or several rolls IO of a monoaxially stretched plastic film, e.g. polypropylene, are rotatably mounted. From each roll 10 is the film 11 via a cutting device 12 with a number of relatively close-fitting knives, which cut the film into a large number of narrow strips 14 cuts, unwound. As described in US Patent 3,384,521, the belts 14 are then over guide rollers 15 in the frame I and over the top edge of the carrier 3, which is provided with recesses or other guides can be provided, which their mutual position in the wrap around of tapes .14 with querying tapes, as in the cited patent described, set formed network in the network manufacturing machine guided.

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For laying the transverse strips, the machine has a vertical, centrally arranged shaft 16 which is driven by a motor (not shown) in frame 1. From those in spool holders 18 stored in a bobbin rack 19 arranged next to the machine Reels 17 are unwound two tapes 20a and 20b, which are also consist of monoaxially stretched PlastmaterM, and as shown the uppermost band 20a is guided directly to the uppermost end of the shaft 16, and from there to one on one attached to the shaft 16 Arm 22 arranged rotating thread guide 21. The lowermost belt 20b is inserted into the frame from below and through vertically upwards the hollow shaft 16 passed, from the uppermost end to another, ebfctsialls with the shaft 16 rotating thread guide 21 is guided.

When the shaft 16 rotates with the thread guides 21 while at the same time, the longitudinal belts 14 are continuously advanced by the train from the drive mechanism, not shown, of the reeling rollers 8 are, as described in US Pat Crossing points are joined together .. The connection can be brought about with the help of an adhesive that is not shown Organs is applied to the bands 14 and / or 20 and is activated by heating the carrier3. The connection can optionally also simply by heating the thermoplastic starting materials getting produced.

The part of the system shown in Fig. 5 contains three in a row Roller racks 24 arranged at the entrance end of a conveyor belt 25. As shown in Figure 5, one of the racks 24, e.g. The furthest conveyor, a roller 8 of the one described above Machine made network 23 take up. The other two racks receive one or more rolls 26 of monoaxially oriented plastic film, e.g., polypropylene film.

About guide rollers 27 in connection with the frames 24 and the Conveyor 25 is all the foils and the net, for example by means of a or more driven feed rollers 28 in connection with the Conveyor 25, one on top of the other, pulled forward on the conveyor. .

At the exit end of the conveyor is a needle loom known per se 29 arranged, which is only indicated very schematically, and which includes a frame 30 and a needle assembly 31 comprising a

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BATHROOM LOCAL GINAL

right direction reciprocal holder with a large number of includes needles 32 attached to its underside. The vertical movement of the needle assembly is indicated schematically in FIG. 5 by means of a crank drive 33.

Between the input end of the conveyor 25 and the needle loom 29, as shown in FIG. 3, a feeder conveyor 34 for a thin fiber fleece 39 can be arranged. The conveyor 34 can be set up to receive the fiber fleece directly from a carding machine (not shown) and to place it vertically against the one on top of the other To guide layers of film material and net «Here, the fiber fleece is continuously placed on the advanced materials in a reciprocating transverse movement of the output end of the conveyor as they move forward and through the needle loom, the needles of which then penetrate both the fleece and the layers below .

When the needles 32 act on the foils and the net, their material is split due to the previous orientation stretching, so that the materials fibrillate, whereby the finished product is the Preserves the character of a textile product made of fibers. Behind the needling machine, the individual layers in the fabric can be made permanent connected to one another and stabilized by passage through a heat calender or heating furnace. However, it is also possible, especially if the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric is not laid on, the Joining the foils and the net before girls, e.g. by means of heated pressure rollers in connection with the conveyor 25 or on others appropriate way.

Figures 3 and 4 show two different configurations of the two layers of plastic film, which are unwound from the rollers 26. In Fig. 3, the film webs 35 and 36 are one in the two layers Slightly shifted sideways to each other, with the rest of them can be very close to one another in one of its layers. At the Combining the layers and the subsequent fibrillation results in a product that, apart from two narrow edge zones, is formed uniform thickness and correspondingly uniform distribution of the "Fibers" formed by needles. In the configuration in FIG the aforementioned thinner edge zones avoided by the dislocation of the Lanes corresponds to half a lane width. While the top layer

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thus consists of three equally wide tracks 37a, the bottom one consists Layer of two wide webs 37b and two only half as wide webs 38 at the edges.

Since the needling of the folded layers of material primarily fibrillation of the stretched plastic materials, however should only bring about a coherence of the layers to a lesser extent, it is advisable to use needles 32 with relatively blunt ends, as opposed to the usual ones, e.g. in the manufacture of needle felt applied and barbed needles. The needles 32 can be polygonal, in particular square or triangular Have cross-sections with concave sides forming recesses, and small cuts can be made in the longitudinal edges of the recesses or "steps", which act like barbs, which assist the entangling of the fleece with the fibers of the films, without the latter essentially to tear apart. Such needles are known and are therefore not shown in detail.

FIG. 6 shows a modified form of that illustrated in FIG. 5 Plant in which a non-woven fabric made of melt-extruded fibers, preferably with a low denier, e.g. well-known DOA machine, which was developed by Spezialmaschinen Dr. O. Angleit ner, Linz-Wels, Austria, and which can deliver a continuous fleece in a width of up to 5 meters or more. The machine which delivers the fleece by means of a conveyor 41 and which is generally designated 42 is arranged in such a way that the conveyor 41 via three roller racks 43 corresponding to racks 24 in FIG. 5 the fleece lies on top of three tracks, each of which is advanced by its frame, on a conveyor 44 which corresponds to conveyor 25 in FIG. 5, is filed. In a manner similar to that shown in Figure 5, the conveyor 44 feeds the batt and webs to a needle loom, not shown and on to a winding unit, not shown, for the finished goods forward.

As indicated in FIG. 6, the three frames 43 stored rolls of the two film webs 45 and 46, each of which is either contiguous in its entire width of the goods or from can consist of several foils lying next to one another, see Fig. 3-4, as well as a network 23 formed between the finished goods.

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be det. However, it is possible that the network, as shown in FIG. 5, can form the outer layer of the finished goods, and that more or there may be fewer than two webs of film.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a section of the one in FIG. 5 shown aggregate of foils, net and non-woven fabric, whereby the individual layers of the aggregate are gradually removed so that all Layers can be seen from above. At the top lies the fiber fleece 39, this by a number of randomly distributed and strongly curled fibers is indicated. Underneath are two coherent film layers consisting of films 37a and 37b corresponding to that shown in FIG. 4, and at the very bottom is the network 23 with the transverse primary Bands 20a and 20b and the longitudinal secondary bands 14. Although the bands in FIG. 7 are shown with a small mutual spacing, they can possibly lie very close together, in particular the primary bands 20a and 20b. The width of the individual bands can be of the order of 1 cm. The overlying foils In relation to this, 37a and 37b are normally much wider than shown in FIG. 7, which, however, is intended to illustrate the lateral offset of the individual foils shown in FIG. 4.

The coils 17 shown in Fig. 1 with the transverse or primary belts 20a and 20b are stationary, which has the advantage that you can drive continuously by attaching a new bobbin to the bobbin holder * while a bobbin is being unwound and attaching the last end of the tape on the first-mentioned reel to the first end of the tape on the other reel. With stationary However, conventional bobbins twist the tapes when they are turned the longitudinal belts 14, and if such twisting cannot be tolerated in the product, you can either use special spools on which the belts are twisted in opposite directions Direction of those that arise during unwinding, are rolled up, but with the same twisting frequency, or the coils 17 can be in time are driven with the rotating thread guides 21. In the latter case, the machine must be stopped every time the reels are empty.

Eb was mentioned above that the longitudinal or secondary bands 14 in the network are made of oriented plastic. However, this is not absolutely necessary as the function of this

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Ligaments primarily consists of the transverse ligaments oriented film material together until they are joined to the longitudinally oriented films in the finished product can be. In principle, the longitudinal network elements can therefore be of any suitable type, and they can be made of threads as shown are formed by ribbons because they are when using coherent foils in the goods are not of primary importance for the strength and stability of the goods. Other changes are also possible within the scope of the invention. Thus, for certain uses, the film or films, which according to FIG. 5 or 6 with the Mesh and the fiber fleece is put together, omit, so that the finished product consists only of a network in which the longitudinal and transverse ligaments then usually close together would lie, as well as from a fiber fleece that covers the network and is joined to this. In this case, both the longitudinal as well as the transverse BMnders made of oriented film material be made. If the feeder conveyor shown in Fig. 5 for the nonwoven fabric is attached between two roller frames, the fleece can also be placed between two of the material layers that are unwound from the rolls and then joined together instead as shown outside in the finished product. The calendering discussed above The needled fabric can expediently be stored at a temperature below the melting point of the materials, e.g. around 155 C when using Polypropylene are exported as the main component of the goods, and in in such a case a pressure in excess of about 27 kgf / cm can be applied between the rollers. When the individual layers of film in the goods As mentioned above are made of materials with the same shrinkage characteristic, the heating during the calendering produces a uniform one Shrinking in the longitudinal and transverse direction, whereas the possible nonwoven fabric is allowed to shrink more around the inner one Reinforce the context of the goods.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. Unwoven web or ribbon-shaped textile goods containing two or more layers of more fibrillated plastic film or film, in particular polypropylene film, which are oriented precisely or mainly monoaxial stretching in directions that deviate from one another and are brought to fibrillation after being folded by needling, characterized in that at least one of the said film layers (23) is formed by band-shaped elements (20a, 20b), the direction of orientation of which runs exactly or mainly in the width direction of the goods, and which, before being put together with the other film layer (s) (35,36,37, 38,45,46) with secondary bands or threads (14), which run exactly or mainly perpendicular to the first-mentioned or primary band-shaped elements (20a, 20b), are joined together to form a network structure (23), "'.:. Nonwoven fabric according to Claim 1, characterized in that the primary and the secondary network elements are made from the same material and have the same shrinkage characteristics. 3. A method for producing a non-woven product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one web of monoaxially length-oriented plastic film is preferred in its longitudinal direction and with a network (23) pulled in the same direction from across primary belts (20a, 20b) made of length-oriented plastic material and secondary mesh elements in the form of in Ribbons or threads (14) running in the direction of advance, and that the film web and the net are pierced with needles (32) that a fibriilation of at least the film web and the produce primary ligaments (20a, 20b). 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the film web and the network are joined by heating to the softening temperature of the material. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the film web and the network are joined together by means of an adhesive applied in between. 6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that the primary bands (20a, 20b) and the secondary network elements (14) by winding the bands (20a, 20b) around the along a 109841/1838 cylindrical support (3) presented secondary mesh elements (14) and subsequent cutting open in the longitudinal direction of the fishnet stocking thus formed are joined together to form a net. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the secondary network elements (14) are produced by continuously cutting open a film web (11) into narrow strips. 8. The method according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that several longitudinally running film webs (35-38) are laid in at least two layers in which the individual webs overlap each other in the lateral direction, and then put together with the network (23) will. 9. The method according to any one of claims 3-8, characterized in that before or after the laying of the longitudinal film layer or layers with the network, a thin fiber fleece is placed in the goods, and that the fleece with the other elements of the goods saranennade1t. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a nonwoven consisting of melt-extruded fibers or filaments with a denier of about 2-4 and a high curling tendency is used. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the fiber fleece is fed in the same feed direction as the film layer or layers and the net. 12. The method according to any one of claims 3-11, characterized in - 2 net that the needling with less than approx. 66 stitches (punches) pr, cm is performed. 13. Plant for the production of goods as specified in claim 1 or 2 and according to a method according to one of claims 3-12, characterized in that it partially supplies with at least one precisely or mainly monoaxially oriented plastic film web (26) and at least one mesh web ( 23) consisting of transverse primary ligaments (20a, 20b), which are oriented in their longitudinal direction, and longitudinal secondary ligaments or threads (14 ^ which are joined to the primary ligaments in the mutual crossing points, partly organs (25,28,44) for simultaneous pulling of the plastic film or - -bahnen and the Netzbahn in their longitudinal direction and in each other Area system, partly means for joining the film web and the Netzbahn, and partly a needling unit (31) with a number of needles (32) and organs (33) for passing the needles transversely through the combined 109841/1838 13th
laid lanes, includes. 14 »System according to claim 13, characterized in that the supplies roll racks (24, 43) for receiving the Tracks (23,26,45,46), and that the feed members (25,28, 44) are set up for the continuous unwinding of the webs from the rolls. 15. Plant according to claim 14, characterized in that it has three roll frames (24), one of which contains a roll (8) of netting material (23), while the other two each contain several rolls (26) of oriented film which lie next to each other and mutually offset in the two tripods. 16. System according to one of claims 13-15, characterized in that the feed members comprise an exactly or mainly horizontal conveyor belt (25, 44) and one or more counter-pressure rollers (28) arranged above the conveyor belt. 17. Plant according to claim 16, characterized in that it has organs (34,41) which are set up for depositing the fiber fleece (39,4o) on or between the webs advanced on the conveyor belt (25,44). 18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the depositing members (34) comprise a transverse reciprocating conveyor which deposits the fiber fleece under the action of gravity. 19. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the depositing members comprise a conveyor (41) which runs mainly parallel to the conveyor belt (44) and the output end of which is in the region of the input end of the conveyor belt (44). 20. Installation according to one of claims 13-19, characterized in that the needles (32) of the needle assembly have blunt ends. 21. Installation according to claim 20, characterized in that the needles have a polygonal, in particular triangular or square cross-section with concave sides, and that barbs are attached to the edges between the concave sides. 109841/1838