DE2100365A1 - Lubrication groove system for plain bearings and process for their production - Google Patents

Description

KARL SCHMIDT Gi-IBH
7107 Neckarsulm
Christi & n-Schmidt-Str. 8/12

6 Frankfurt (Main), 5.1-1971 DrQ / GKp

Prov _t No. 6569 KS

Lubrication groove system for plain bearings and methods for it

Manufacturing

The invention relates to a lubrication groove system and a method for its production for partially or fully hydrodynamic Area operated slide bearings with relative to each other moving with connected with lubricant reservoirs Lubrication holes provided sliding surfaces.

It is known that lubrication grooves serve to distribute the lubricant on the sliding surfaces of plain bearings. they provide the connection between those located in the sliding surface Lubrication bores and the sliding surface itself. The moving sliding surface or counter-sliding surface gets out of the lubricating grooves d.Put the lubricant in the lubrication gap to build up a hydrodynamic lubricating film.

For this purpose, the sliding surfaces of plain bearings are provided with a variety of suitably designed lubrication grooves, which can be designed very differently in play sv / ei se according to "Lubrication Technology"9> 1962, No. 1, pages 19/25, structurally. Thus, for example, one or more lubrication grooves, cross and figure-eight lubrication grooves, angle, twist and spiral lubrication grooves, partially or completely continuous in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction, are arranged in the sliding surfaces. Such lubrication solely serve the purpose of the lubricant sufficiently gap in the grease hot-eixizubrj.ngen so that there can build a hydrodynamic Schirü .bi '£ ilm. For pressure lubrication, ground

2 -

209830/02U

- 2 - ■ '

as an exception, lubrication grooves and lubrication pockets, if necessary, also used for the passage of the cooling oil.

According to the findings of the hydrodynamic lubrication theory Most of the lubricant supplied between the surfaces of a plain bearing occurs in the hydrodynamic range Pressure mountain, which has a parabolic pressure curve across the width of the plain bearing, perpendicular to the relative speed the sliding surfaces from the tapered lubrication gap on both sides from the sliding bearing again This portion of the lubricant emerging from the lubrication gap, which is also referred to as the lubricant requirement of the plain bearing must be continuously replaced, when perfect hydrodynamic lubrication conditions between Maintain the sliding surfaces of the plain bearings and thus ensure optimal running properties. at For most slide bearings, the lubricant portion that emerges from the lubrication gap means a loss because it is lost Part of the plain bearing will not be offered again. In order to reduce the loss of lubricant, the escaping lubricant content in special collecting devices collected.

The most common types of lubrication used for loss lubrication are:

a) Grease lubrication, in which a rigid lubricant through Stauffer bushings, grease nipples or the like. Into the lubrication gap

. 'must be pressed.

b) Droplet lubrication, in which liquid lubricants via wick oilers, needle oilers or the like. Without significant pressure drip into the lubrication gap.

c) Cushion lubrication, in which an upholstery cushion that lubricates the sliding bearing is connected with suction threads that are inserted into an oil pan dip and pump the oil into the cushion,

- 3 209830 / 02U

d) Depot lubrication, in which a lubricant is in the sliding surface located lubrication pockets is housed.

In practice, with the aforementioned types of lubrication, one is forced to use the one that emerges from the lubrication gap due to loss of lubrication Lubricant content at certain time intervals to be replaced when a lack of lubrication caused by indicating a rapid rise in the temperature of the plain bearing should be avoided. However, relubrication is not required only additional lubricants and a corresponding storage but also a comparatively extensive one Maintenance effort that must be carried out particularly carefully by trained personnel.

In order to reduce this maintenance effort, it has already been proposed has been, with so-called self-lubricating plain bearings, which consist of a porous containing the lubricant There are carrier material to attach felt rings to the end faces of the plain bearing, which emerge from the plain bearing Soak up lubricant and place it in the area of negative pressure or should be fed back directly to the lubrication gap by capillary action. Apart from the fact that this type of lubrication with a loss of lubricant, it can never be said with certainty whether an optimal lubricant supply is always available the plain bearing is ensured.

The invention has now set itself the task of eliminating the problems indicated above and in particular a Lubrication groove system for slide bearings operated in partially or fully hydrodynamic areas with relative movement To develop sliding surfaces, which exclude a loss of lubrication and an optimal self-lubrication of the plain bearings guaranteed.

This task is solved by a Schmiernutonsystem, since, y

- k- 209830/0214

according to the invention comprises the entire sliding surface and from individual there are interdependent, cooperative lubrication grooves, which are continuously arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the sliding surface and enclose load-bearing parts of the sliding surface.

The individual lubrication grooves can be both open and self-contained, with the lubrication grooves overlapping in the first case at least in the transition area to the adjacent lubrication grooves, while in the latter case they preferably engage ^{in the adjacent lubrication grooves 11 like a chain.}

The lubricating groove system according to the invention is effective in the plain bearing a kind of "internal lubricant circuit" in which the lubricant that enters the lubricant gap from the lubrication holes Lubricant forms a hydrodynamic lubricating film over the load-bearing sliding surface parts, the axial pressure flow of which superimposed with the displacement flow caused by the relative movement of the sliding surfaces. Under the action of the resultant of the two flow components, the lubricant flows at a corresponding angle after both end faces of the plain bearing, the lubrication grooves are created here by the parts of the lubrication grooves near the edge that run in the longitudinal direction caught and thus prevented from exiting the plain bearing. According to the direction of movement of the sliding surfaces the collected lubricant is fed back in the lubrication grooves to the center plane of the plain bearing, from where the Lubricant reaches the following load-bearing sliding surface part. This process is repeated in all of the following Lubrication grooves, so that the same lubricant is always used to build up a hydrodynamic lubricating film in the area of the load-bearing Sliding surface parts is available. An "internal lubricant" is created over the entire circumference of the plain bearing circuit ", through which the service life of the plain bearing is increased comparatively considerably.

- 5 -209830/0214.

In the context of the special embodiment of the invention, the individual lubrication grooves, which correspond to each of the following Lubrication groove in the 'transition area overlaps, u-shape, depending on the size of the plain bearing, the sliding speed the counter sliding surface and the specific bearing load, the lubricating groove parts running in the longitudinal direction of the plain bearing are connected by an arcuate, acute or obtuse-angled lubricating groove part. With a comparatively The lubrication groove system consists of a larger number of lubrication grooves because of the high sliding speed In this case, the specific bearing load can be lower and thus the load-bearing sliding surface portion can be smaller. Conversely, the number of lubrication grooves of the lubrication system becomes the same with a relatively large specific bearing load Keep it smaller in order to ensure the largest possible proportion of load-bearing sliding surface. In this case recommends it is the lubricating groove parts connecting the longitudinal lubricating groove parts to be formed at an acute angle, as a large specific bearing load generally with a smaller relative speed is paired. In this way, a sufficiently large component of the displacement flow is obtained, which is essentially one Return of the lubricant to the center plane of the plain bearing causes.

According to a further feature of the invention, they take hold closed, for example, circular, semicircular, diamond, hexagonal or elliptical shape as well as the shape of a lengthways the sliding bearing elongated hexagon or circle having lubrication grooves in the manner of a chain in the neighboring Lubricating grooves, the number of which depends on the respective operating conditions.

The oil grooves are known to have, for example, a rectangular, triangular, semicircular, trapezoidal shape or similar cross-section.

_ 6 20 98 30/02U

It is also possible to apply the lubrication groove system according to the invention on the mating sliding surface.

The lubrication groove system according to the invention is advantageous with a correspondingly designed one or more stone-like embossing roller stamp rolled into the bearing material or by etching, engraving, electro-erosion, machining or galvanic treatment generated.

The lubrication groove system according to the invention is advantageously used for solid or non-metallic metal or Composite bearing materials existing radial, axial and spherical bearings as well as flat sliding surfaces of guideways are suitable.

The lubricating groove system according to the invention is shown by way of example in the drawings, which are explained in more detail below will.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows the partial development of a rolled bearing bush 1 with open U-shaped lubrication grooves 2, in which the in Longitudinal direction of the sliding surface extending lubrication groove parts in the direction of movement of the sliding surface acute-angled oil groove parts are connected. In de: the angle tip of the lubrication groove 2 is a lubrication hole 3 appropriate.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of the open U-shaped lubricating groove ' existing lubricating groove system according to FIG. 1 to form a lubricating groove system with closed U-shaped Lubricating grooves 4, in which the lubricating groove parts running in the longitudinal direction of the sliding surface without Interruption merge into each other. The use of such a bearing bush is possible for both directions of movement tm, if additionally in opposite directions Acute-angled lubrication groove parts pointing towards the direction of movement are to be arranged. 209830/02U.

3 shows an extension of the open U-shaped lubricating groove system according to FIG. 1 for both directions of movement, in that a further open U-shaped lubricating groove 5 pointing in the opposite direction of movement is provided in the sliding surface between the open u-shaped lubricating grooves 2, which in the area of its acute-angled lubricating groove part engages in the corresponding lubricating groove part of the associated lubricating groove 2 running in the other direction of movement. This lubrication groove system is particularly suitable for plain bearings with low specific bearing loads and high sliding speeds.

4 shows the partial development of a rolled bearing bush 1 with the sliding surface closed in itself in the longitudinal direction elongated hexagonal in the manner of a chain interlocking lubrication grooves 6, with the The intersection points of the intermeshing lubrication grooves lubrication holes 7 are located. In other In cases, the lubrication holes can of course also be used outside of the intersection points with advantage within the oil grooves be arranged.

Fig. 5 shows the operation of the lubrication groove system according to Fig. on the flow behavior of the lubricant entering the sliding bearing through the lubrication holes 7 with a direction of movement of the counter surface from left to right. The lubricant flows in the process from the two lubrication holes 7 to the right into the load-bearing sliding surface part 8, on which a hydrodynamic lubricating film builds up in a known manner. The axial pressure flow that becomes effective as a result in the lubricating film is superimposed with the one moving relative to one another by the speed Sliding surfaces generated displacement flow, whereby the lubricant at an angle corresponding to the resultant of the two flow components

- 8 209830/0214

210036!

flows to both sides 9 of the bearing bush 1. Dor is the lubricant in each case through the longitudinal direction the bearing bush 1 running lubricating groove parts 10 of the individual lubricating grooves 6 at the outlet prevented from the plain bearing. The lubricant portion caught is in the lubrication groove: divide 10 into this connecting acute-angled lubricating groove] part 11 is conveyed to the bearing bush center plane. In the lubricating groove part 11 also gets part of the residual lubricant from the hydrodynamic lubricating film of the load-bearing sliding surface part 8. The other part flows into the lubricating groove part 11 of the after-'f The following lubrication groove 6. Since the described mode of operation of the lubrication groove system is common to all If the following lubrication grooves are repeated, the plain bearing has an internal lubricant circuit

6 shows the three-dimensional representation of a rolled bearing structure with the lubrication groove system according to FIGS. 4 and 5.

7 shows the partial development of a rolled bearing bush 1 with a lubrication groove system consisting of circular interlocking oil grooves 12.

Fig. 8 shows the partial development of a rolled bearing bush 1 mi a system of lubrication grooves made up of closed circular ones extending in the longitudinal direction of the sliding surface interlocking oil grooves 13

Fig. 9 shows the partial development of a rolled bearing bush 1, m. a lubrication groove system consisting of diamond-shaped interlocking lubrication grooves 14.

With the lubrication groove system according to the invention, the service life of the plain bearing with sliding surfaces moving relative to one another is increased compared to known plain bearings at comparswejLi

- 9 209830/0214.

The same operating conditions and the same amount of lubricant outlet increased many times over, because a sufficient supply of lubricant is always guaranteed at all points of the plain bearings. This results in a significantly lower coefficient of friction and consequently lower mean bearing temperatures in the thermal steady state. In the case of bearing bushes whose sliding surfaces were equipped with the lubrication groove system according to the invention, no significant wear was found after running for 5000 hours, with no relubrication taking place. Since the coefficient of friction is reduced by up to 50% compared to known plain bearings, the bearing temperatures are significantly lower in the thermal load condition. Furthermore, there is a large degree of independence from the macro-geometry of the plain bearing.

Further advantages are that the lubricant is better consumed and thus used optimally. The inventive The lubrication groove system not only prevents the lubricant from escaping from the lubrication gap, but also through training an end face lubricant collar "in particular in the unloaded area of the plain bearing also the entry of foreign particles into the plain bearing. Possibly in the Dirt and abrasion particles that have entered the sliding bearing are absorbed by the lubrication grooves and can so do not develop their wear-causing effect.

The lubricant "collar" also provides protection against Cavitation of the sliding surfaces, as the lubricant is always in sufficient quantity if the counter surface is lifted Amount can flow to all points of the plain bearing, which is also essential for a continuous build-up of a hydrodynamic lubricating film is.

In the event that the bearing bushes are made of plastic foils that are inserted into the housing and are additionally glued on

-, 10 209830 / 02U.

or similar materials "exist, it is possible that Schmiernuteiisystem according to the invention already before insertion of the material into the housing through the entire thickness of the film, since such bearing bushes are not volume-calibrated will"

Another advantage is that it is in the invention The lubrication groove system is sufficient if lubrication holes are provided on every second or third groove link.

- 10 claims

209830/0214

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS / i μ lubrication groove system for partially or fully hydrodynamic - Area operated slide bearings with relative to each other '' Moved sliding surfaces provided with lubricating bores connected to lubricant reservoirs, characterized in that the lubricating groove system encompassing the entire sliding surface consists of individual interdependent and cooperating in the longitudinal direction of the sliding surfaces. '' individual lubrication grooves arranged one after the other, each including a load-bearing sliding surface part, consists. w 2) lubrication groove system according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual lubrication groove preferably engages in the respective adjacent lubrication grooves or at least overlaps with these in the transition area to the adjacent lubrication grooves. ■ 3) lubrication groove system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the individual lubrication groove is closed in itself or open on one side in the longitudinal direction of the sliding surface. 4) lubricating groove system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the individual lubricating groove circular, semicircular, diamond, elliptical, hexagonal, stretched circular, stretched hexagonal, u-shaped or the like. . is trained. ί>) Lubricating groove system according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the number of lubricating grooves in the sliding surface depends on the respective operating conditions, i.e., bearing load, sliding speed and the viscosity of the lubricant. - 12 209830 / 02U 210036E 6) lubricating groove system according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lubricating grooves-possess a rectangular, triangular, semicircular, trapezoidal or the like. Cross-section. 7) lubrication groove system according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is arranged in the counter sliding surface. 8) Process for producing the lubricating groove system according to de] Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lubricating groove system is rolled in by means of an appropriately designed one-b: multi-system rolling stamp or by electro-erosion, engraving, etching, machining, galvanic treatment or the like. is incorporated into the bearing material. 9) A method for producing the lubricating groove system according to claim 8, characterized in that when using a plastic film or a similar material for (the bearing bush to be inserted into a bearing housing, the lubricating groove system is punched through the plastic film odei a similar material before it is inserted. 10) Use of the lubricating groove system according to the claims 1 to 7 for radial and axial bearings made of metallic or non-metallic solid or composite bearing materials and spherical bearings as well as for flat sliding surfaces of guideways, in particular for all plain bearings that get by with supply lubrication. 209830/0214