DE2060565B2 - PROCESS FOR DYING TEXTILES MADE OF POLYESTER OR CELLULOSE TRIACETATE - Google Patents

Description

35

It is known when dyeing polyester or cellulose triacetate fibers at temperatures of about 100 ° C special auxiliaries, so-called carriers or dye accelerators, to be added to the aqueous dye liquor.

Carriers or dyeing accelerators are understood to mean substances which the fiber structure loosen up and thereby facilitate the penetration of the dyes. The amounts used by carriers are about 2–10 g / l depending on the liquor ratio and temperature. The carriers used are predominantly aromatic Compounds such as diphenyl, halobenzenes, esters of benzoic, salicylic or cresotinic acid, naphthalene and Alkyl naphthalenes, o-phenylphenol and others as well Tripropyl phosphate used The use of carriers is limited by various disadvantages, such as B. strong odor nuisance when dyeing, toxicity of the carrier and negative influence the lightfastness of the dyeings.

Processes have become known in recent years. To dye textiles from organic solvents, optionally with the addition of water. as Organic solvents are used here as alcohols and mainly in chemical cleaning used products such as trichlorethylene and perchlorethylene. With a continuous Process for dyeing and printing (German Offenlegungsschrift 20 08 983) an emulsion is used which consists of water and a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, at least one of the Phases must contain a high molecular weight thickener. The textile materials are with the the dye-containing emulsion is impregnated or printed, and the applied dye is then applied fixed by steaming or heating. The emulsion contains 50 percent by volume, preferably more than 90 percent by volume the organic phase. The use of large amounts of solvent implies a recovery the solvent ahead and thereby makes the dyeing process more expensive

A dyeing process for polyester and cellulose triacetate fibers has also become known (German Offenlegungsschrift 1918 340), in which the fibers are first in Come into contact, be treated with halogenated hydrocarbons. This treatment will usually made so that the fibers in heated or heated halogenated for a few minutes Hydrocarbon solvents are immersed. Then use excess halogenated hydrocarbon solvent removed by immersion in hot water or by treatment with steam Colored boiling point of the aqueous dye liquid. The disadvantage is that this process has two special, namely, additional pretreatment steps require immersion in heated or heated halogenated Hydrocarbon solvents followed by treatment with hot water or steam. It was known (German Offenlegungsschrift 19 18 340th page 3, paragraph 3) that these pretreatment steps for a satisfactory coloring is essential. An addition of the solvent to the dyeing liquid In contrast to the uptake of the solvent by the fibers, did not have a satisfactory coloration Episode. In particular, the dye uptake was then low and only very light shades could be obtained will.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive method for dyeing textiles Polyester or cellulose triacetate indicate the disadvantages of the known dyeing process avoids and that delivers flawless colorations.

The invention relates to a method for dyeing textiles made of polyester or cellulose triacetate in an aqueous medium with disperse dyes at elevated temperature in the presence of a carrier and is characterized in that an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon is used as the carrier, which in the aqueous medium up to 10 ml / l is emulsified by means of an emulsifier and is colored under superatmospheric pressure at temperatures between 105 ⁰ C and 130 ° C.

In general, more than 0.5 ml / 1 of the amount used will be in the aqueous medium aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon, emulsified. Preferably according to the present invention Dye liquors used, which per liter 1.5 to 5 ml of an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon by a Emulsifier contained in emulsified form.

In the context of the present invention, under an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon Compounds or mixtures of compounds understood formally from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, olefinic or cycloolefinic hydrocarbons normally containing up to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule by substituting one or more or all of the hydrogen atoms by one or more halogens, e.g. B. chlorine or

Fluorine. Such for the invention Compounds suitable for processes are, for example:

Ethylene bromide (= 1,2-dibromoethane);

Ethylene chloride (= 1,2-dichloroethane);

1,1-DicWorethane;

1,1,1-trichloroethane;

1,1,2-trichloroethane;

1,1,2-tribromoethane;

Chloroform (= trichloromethane);

Carbon tetrachloride;

Hexachlorobutadiene-13;

l.l.l-trichloro ^ bromoethane;

1,2-dichloropropane;

1-H-heptachloropropane;

Hexachloropropene;

13-dichloropropane;

I.l ^^ - pentachloropropane;

1,4-dichloro-n-butane;

Vinylidene chloride (= 1,1-dichloroethylene);

Bromocyclohexane and chlorocyclohexane;

4-bromocyclohexene-1;

4-chlorocyclohexene-1.

Very good results are obtained with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and obtained excellent results with perchlorethylene and trichlorethylene.

The successful result that can be achieved with the claimed process must be regarded as surprising. From FR-PS 9 44 403 it is known to color polyester textiles in an aqueous medium with disperse dyes in the presence of a carrier at temperatures below 100 ⁰ C. However, the carriers cited in the cited patent, including tetrachloroethane and perchlorethylene, do not develop any technically useful effects under these dyeing conditions. Nothing about this changes in the transition to dyeing temperatures according to the present invention, with the exception of the use of aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons as carriers. These carriers can be surprisingly at dyeing temperatures above 105 ° C excellent colorations with optimal Farbstoffausbeu achieve ι while the other carriers to deliver as currently technically unusable colors.

The known emulsifiers can be used as emulsifiers in the process according to the invention. Emulsifiers are substances or mixtures of substances which prevent the divided phase of an emulsion from flowing together, in the present case the droplets of the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon. Interface activity is a prerequisite for this. In addition to the interface activity, a good emulsifier must, however, also have a stabilizing effect through electrical charging and the resulting electrostatic repulsion of the particles or through the formation of a stable protective layer. These effects can also overlap.
Suitable emulsifiers are, for example:
Anion-active substances such as alkyl sulfates (e.g. Na lauryl sulfate and Na cetyl sulfate), Turkish red oils, sulfonated oils, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates such as alkyl benzyl sulfonates and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates. Suitable emulsifiers are, in particular, non-ionic ethylene oxide adducts, such as. B. Oxäthylate of alkylphenols, alcohols, aliphatic or unsaturated carboxylic acids, fatty amines, hydroxyl-containing esters of saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids. It is also possible to use emulsifier mixtures, as described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschriften 1619 489 and 18 02 210. These emulsifier mixtures exist z. B. from addition compounds of ethylene oxide with alkylphenols (component I), AlkaH salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids (component U) and aliphatic primary or secondary alcohols with 3-6 carbon atoms (component IU).

In particular when using oxethylated fatty amines, the addition of a dispersant to the

ίο aqueous staining medium useful in order to prevent flocculation of the adjusting agent of the disperse dye. Such a dispersant is, for example, sodium methylene-bis-naphthalenesulfonate.
The emulsifier or the emulsifier mixture can be added to the aqueous dye liquor. The aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture of such halogenated hydrocarbons can then be stirred in. However, it is generally simpler and more expedient to add the emulsifier or the emulsifier mixture to the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon or mixture used and to stir the mixture thus obtained into the dye liquor.

Based on the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon, there are 5 to 45% by weight of emulsifier Application, which means in the event that the emulsifier with the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon is mixed so that about 4.8 to 31 wt .-% emulsifier can be contained in this mixture. Normally is the use of small amounts of emulsifier of 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the aliphatic Halocarbons, especially with regard to the color yield, more advantageous than the application larger amounts of emulsifier.

The textiles made of polyester or cellulose triacetate can be in any form, for. B. in the form of yarn, Woven or knitted are present. Other materials, such as e.g. B. wool or polyacrylonitrile.

Compared to the known dyeing process, in which the goods to be colored are first converted into a halogenated Hydrocarbon solvents and then treated with steam or hot water had to, the process according to the invention is much simpler and cheaper in procedural terms and provides colorations which are at least equal to the colorations of the known process.

The inventive method is in many cases a significant improvement in Compensatory power achieved by disperse dyes, which affects in particular the appearance of textured material has a beneficial effect. As a result, a streaky appearance can be achieved, especially on textured polyester yarn Staining prevented, or at least greatly reduced. It is therefore also possible with the According to the method according to the invention, it is also possible to use disperse dyes which mark strongly. Such Dyes usually have high fastness properties, but have so far been able to be used on textured materials because of the strong marking of the streakiness (barre effect) are practically not used. In the inventive Process gives a very good color yield, which is generally higher than with Use of the usual carriers. Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the lightfastness the coloration is not adversely affected even if the coloration is not postfixed will.

ftN- /> -N = N

example 1

A fabric containing differently fixed polyester fibers was in an aqueous dye liquor in Liquor ratio 1:20 with 2 ^% based on the weight of the goods of a dye of the formula

N (CH ₂ -CH ₂ - 0 CO-OCH _{3 2} J

an ethoxylated coconut fatty amine with 10 ethoxyl groups in the molecule, as produced by the reaction of coconut fatty amine can be made with 10 moles of ethylene oxide.

Example 3

Polyester wool fabric was at a liquor ratio of 1:30 in a dye bath containing 2% of the fabric weight Setacylbiau PRS (C I. Disperse Blue 19; CI. No. 61 110) and 2 ml / l of a mixture of 80% by weight Perchlorethylene and 20 wt .-% Nonylphenoloxäthylat containing 10 Oxäthylgruppen in the molecule, colored. The temperature in the closed apparatus was ^{brought to 105 °} C. within 30 minutes and dyeing was carried out at this temperature for 90 minutes. A blue dyeing with good fastness properties was obtained. The color yield was significantly higher than when using aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbons. A similar result as with perchlorethylene was obtained if trichlorethylene or a mixture of perchlorethylene with trichlorethylene was used instead of perchlorethylene.

Example 4

Polyester fabric was at a liquor ratio of 1:20 in a dye bath, the 3% of the fabric weight of a dye of the formula

CH ₂ CH ₂ CN

CH ₂ CH ₂ O-CO-CH ₂ O

dyed with the addition of 3 ml / l of a mixture of 95% by weight perchloroethylane and 5% by weight emulsifier. The temperature was ^{increased to 120 °} C. within 30 minutes and then dyed at this temperature for 90 minutes.

A level, calm dyeing was obtained, the lightfastness of which was not reduced.

The emulsifier used consisted of a mixture of calcium docelcylbenzenesulfonate and oxethylated castor oil (with 30 oxethyl groups in the molecule) in a weight ratio of 1: 1.

Without the addition of perchlorethylene, only a restless, streaky color was obtained.

Example 2

Polyester yarn was dyed at a liquor ratio of 1:10 in an aqueous dye bath containing 3% of the fabric weight of palanil violet 3B (C I. Dispers *. Violet 8; C. 1.62 030) and 5 ml / 1 of a mixture of 90% by weight Perchlorethylene with 10% by weight emulsifier and 1 g / 1 sodium methylene-bis-naphthalenesulfonic acid. The mixture was ^{heated to 120 °} C. within 30 minutes and dyed at 120 ^° C. for 90 minutes. Compared to dyeing without the addition of perchlorethylene, a substantial deepening of the color was obtained without impairing the light fastness. The emulsifier used was

CN

O ₂ N

and containing 3 ml / l of a mixture of 95% by weight perchlorethylene with 5% by weight emulsifier and 2 g / l Sodium methylene-bis-naphthalenesulfonate was added were brought to 105 ° C within 30 minutes in the closed apparatus and 90 minutes at this Temperature colored. It became an essential one

45 deepening of the color compared to a coloration without perchlorethylene; there was also no impairment of the lightfastness. The emulsifier used was a mixture of coconut fatty amine oxyethylate (with 10 ethoxyl groups in the molecule) and stearyl alcohol oxyethylate (with 8 ethoxyl groups in the molecule).

example

Cellulose triacetate fabric was obtained with a flot perchlorethylene additive

ratio of 1:20 in a dye bath, the 2.5% 55 deeper dyeing and a significantly better fabric appearance,
on the weight of the goods Resoline Rubin BL (Disperse Vio- A mixture of oxethylated

let 40) and 3 ml / 1 of a mixture of 85% by weight castor oleic acid (made from castor oleic acid and Perchlorethylene with 15% by weight emulsifier, 36 moles of ethylene oxide), calcium salt of dodecylbenzene inside from 25 minutes to the temperature of sulfonic acid and isobutanol in the weight ratio

105 ⁰ C was then used for 60 minutes at this 60 3: 2: 1.
Temperature colored. Compared to coloring without

Claims (5)

Patent claims: , 1. A method for dyeing textiles made of polyester or cellulose triacetate in an aqueous medium with disperse dyes at elevated temperature in the presence of a carrier, characterized in that an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon is used as the carrier, which in the aqueous medium up to 10 ml / 1; o is emulsified by means of an emulsifier and is colored under superatmospheric pressure at temperatures between 105 ° C and 130 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 1.5 to 5 ml / 1 of an aliphatic > $ hydrogen halide are emulsified in the aqueous medium. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the aqueous Medium is a mixture of aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons emulsified. 4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon Perchlorethylene or trichlorethylene is used. 5. Process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the aqueous medium 5 to 15% by weight of emulsifier, based on the aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon. 30th