DE2037000A1 - Form insert for the production of buildings or the like - Google Patents

Description

Designation: Bormstein insert for the production of buildings or the like The invention relates to a multi-part set of shaped stones or the like, by means of which buildings of all kinds, even by unfamiliar hands and size can be produced in composite stone construction.

The invention is based on the knowledge that it is for the non-expert It is difficult to produce buildings on your own that are built according to any plans should be. The difficulty with the known proposals is when The buildings are made of stones, especially hollow stones, which are made by mortar are connected to each other, in it, the mortar layer is professional and even to apply and to create exactly vertical and flush wall surfaces. To change the hollow stones are so dimensioned and heavy that they can be made by a non-specialist cannot be handled easily.

The same disadvantage arises when transporting the known hollow stones noticeable. In addition, it is necessary to have a visible surface in some way, that is z. B. by plastering or the like to create, which in turn only through special Skilled workers can happen and cumbersome equipment, tools and the like requires and entails high costs.

In addition, it is known to assemble buildings from prefabricated parts Manufacture, however, these prefabricated parts are very difficult by unskilled workers to move without lifting equipment or the like - at least not by a single man, sensitive to shock due to their high weight and material properties and tend to be damaged easily.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a molded stone insert to propose for the production of buildings or the like, which consists of a few parts that are light in weight, accurately manufacture and easy with each other let them unite and, after their unification, a satisfactory one without further processing Result in visible surface.

This is done according to the invention through the use of three to a molded stone insert, usable in any number and with each other composable parts, namely a) essentially formed only from side walls, solid and hollow stones open at the top and bottom, b) on the openings these hollow bricks attachable, horizontal full and semi-joint frames with preferably opposing inner anchoring projections protruding on both sides the hollow stones can be fixed, c) with in the vertical joints between the hollow stone usable, vertical joint frame, which is at least on a horizontal narrow side inner projections tin anchoring opposite the respective underlying and themselves have hollow stone extending symmetrically on both sides.

With these, essentially three parts, namely the hollow stones, the horizontal joint frame and the vertical joint frame can be any Make a bandage. By using hollow stones that are essentially only are formed from side walls, result in particularly light stones that even can be chosen to be relatively large when handled by a non-specialist. The anchoring of the frames to the stones creates a solid bond, whereby the outer surfaces of the stones are reliably aligned with one another without - after Construction of a suitable foundation - plumb bob or scales would have to be used. A molded insert according to the invention thus combines the advantages of the construction of a Building or the like made of shaped stones with the advantages of a prefabricated building and still adds the benefits of Production by non-specialists in-house This special shape of the hollow stones and the frame allows it to be as desired to lay vertical lines within the constructions while for laying of cross lines without difficulty in the adjacent end faces of the hollow stones corresponding breakthroughs and bores provided or subsequently produced can be. The dressing offers the further advantage of being in it when there is a breakdown of the building is not planned, but should remain after completion the uppermost stone layer the interior spaces can be poured, so that a monolithic Bandage removed. In order not to endanger the thermal insulation, it is straightforward possible to design the walls as double walls or in the generously dimensioned, from top to bottom through cavities to insert hollow filling bodies, through which the potting compound to be introduced - z. B. Concrete - reduced to a minimum can be.

The invention is in no way intended for the manufacture of functional and residential buildings limited, although it is also suitable for this, especially for two-storey buildings Buildings, bungalows, weekend houses, garages, stables; rather, it is also applicable on toy houses that can be built and used by the children themselves, finally, the proportions can be provided in such a way that the Buildings in the form of well-known small construction kits in miniature format z. B. be set up on the table.

It is useful to open the hollow stones according to the invention at each Inside with vertical stop surfaces for those that engage from the inside To equip projections on the horizontal guide frame. Doing so can improve any suitable binding agent can of course be used by the association in a particularly expedient manner the parts of the Bormstein support according to the invention can be made of plastic, which is particularly light, the association done by a plastic adhesive, but can no longer be removed. To be in this Case recommends to get a simple and good as well as reliable dressing it is the finished construction from above with a plastic foam foaming, which at the same time the connection of the individual parts, the heat and the Sound insulation is used.

If, on the other hand, you want to separate the individual parts from one another afterwards, so it is advisable to work on the inner surfaces of the hollow stones and the corresponding Outer surfaces of the protrusions of the horizontal joint frame latches and counter-latches provide that snap resiliently into each other, usually during manufacture The spring properties of the plastic parts are given by the material itself are, however, if necessary, if they are manufactured from other, rigid materials special spring catches or recesses on one part and resilient Ledges can be provided on the other. In particular, it is then advisable to contact the Hollow stones fixed recesses or projections and the resilient counter-latches to provide the joint frame.

To get a lifelike picture of such a structure in use The horizontal joint frames should be used to maintain the molded stone insert in accordance with the industry stand back with their outer surfaces compared to those of the hollow stones, so that So the external dimensions of the joint frames should be smaller than those of the hollow blocks.

In the same way as solid and semi-hollow stones should be provided, This also applies to joint frames, but it is recommended for staggered arrangements of the molded stone inserts provided on top of one another, the anchoring projections to the Arrange full bow frames in such a way that two per circumferential visible joint strip Half-hollow stones are assigned corresponding half-projections. You can then do the adjacent stones of a layer opposite the frame below or above arrange staggered, with adjacent faces between the facing end faces Hollow stones, in turn, have a joint that is left open by a vertical joint frame is closed.

The vertical joint frames are preferably made of a z. B. frame-like inner support part from the height of the hollow bricks, two lateral outer and thus visible strip parts from the width of the horizontal joint frame, two with them preferably one-piece lower, square foot parts in the view, the square side length of the clear distance between two adjacent horizontal Buzen R ngsrahmen corresponds to, so is slightly larger than the width of the bar parts. This arrangement is supplemented by two anchoring projections arranged at the bottom and at the top on each bar, which are in the lower and upper neighboring parts - namely in the middle of the solid hollow bricks or the horizontal ones Buzen ii; call frame - intervention.

To also the lower and the upper end of one of the inventive Shapes to form a fabricated wall and thus facilitate construction as well to provide an upper termination surface for the application of a suitable roof According to the invention further proposed to use end plates su that one Have plate part and a peripheral frame protruding to one side. When used as a foundation plate, the frame protrudes upwards when used As an upper end plate for placing a roof, the frame is down away. The external dimensions of the frame should match those of the full hollow bricks plus a strip width the vertical joint frame and the inner surfaces of the frame End plate should be designed according to the anchorages on the wing frame be.

Such an end plate can also have a clear interior height of the frame have the length of the anchoring projections on the horizontal Joint frame corresponds, so that here too for good cohesion and reliable Alignment of the parts is taken care of, Finally it is advisable to the vertical joint frame opposite the solid hollow stones and the end plates secure against lateral displacement. This is done via the corresponding, in the center of the longitudinal extension of the inner surfaces of these parts provided perpendicular Stop bars or the like The end plates are not only used as foundation plates and upper end plates of a masonry to lay a Roof, but in the same way as window sills and window and door lintels, because of the particularly favorable larger length dimensions of these plates Plunge the support of the panels into the recessed, horizontal joint frame is secured.

The invention can be modified in a number of ways. So it is possible to provide further projections, recesses or additional parts on the various parts, so z. B. on the end plates those for anchoring a roof structure or like; on the hollow stones or the horizontal joint frame arrangements for Hooking in protruding roofs, balconies or the like.

The invention is explained using some exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawing. 1 shows a perspective View of a full hollow stone according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a view against this stone, e.g. T. in section, Fig. 3 a plan view of this stone, the figures 4 to 6 corresponding representations of a semi-hollow stone, FIGS. 7 to 9 corresponding representation of a horizontal full joint frame, Figures 10 to 12 corresponding representations of a horizontal half-joint frame, the figures 13 to 15 are perspective, front and side views of a vertical joint frame, Figures 16 to 18 a full end panel in corresponding Representations and FIGS. 19 to 21 the corresponding representations of a half closure plate.

The solid block 25 according to Figures 1 to 3 consists of four vertical ones Walls, namely two longitudinal walls 26 and two end faces 27, is upward and too open at the bottom, as can be seen in particular in FIG. At the top and bottom Edges, the wall thickness is reduced, so that here a circumferential stop surface 28 arises, which, however, is interrupted in the middle of the longitudinal walls 26 on the inside is by two lateral stop webs 29, which are at such a distance from each other are provided that a vertical joint frame according to Figures 13 to 15 here can be used with its lower end. In the middle of the partial areas 30 as well as the narrow surfaces 31 in the extended anchoring area are notch warts 32 provided.

Figures 4 to 6 show a half-hollow stone 53 in the form of a cube, which accordingly has four identical walls 34. The stop bars are missing here 29, while the other features have the same reference numerals as in the execution according to Figures 1 to 3.

The top views according to Figures 5 and 6 show that the invention Hollow stones are extremely light. They have a vertical pressure direction high strength, but they lack resistance to deformation in the horizontal plane.

You get this from the horizontal joint frames according to the figures 7 to 12.

These frames consist essentially of a circumferential, frame-like one and outwardly visible joint strip 36, which is different for reasons of taste is colored as the stones, especially white or black, while the stones are each can have any color corresponding to natural stone. In the example The selected production of all parts using the plastic injection molding process is an option here for all visible surfaces, d.

H. so both that of the stones 25, 33 and that of the joint strips 36 the possibility of also the surface according to the natural conditions to design, d. H. so to provide with appropriate roughening or the like. The joint stones can also have several different colors among each other, so that patterns and the like are possible, yes, even nosaic pictures can be used from a larger number of stones are provided, which are like a puzzle can be put together.

Anchoring projections protrude from the joint strips, namely in the drawn example four different types, namely one corner projections 37, on the other hand, central U-projections 38, and on the third tab projections 39 the partial long sides of the strips 36 and corresponding tab projections 40 on the Transverse sides of the joint strips 36. The latter two groups are-through between the projections located slots 41 resiliently formed and on their outer sides provided with counter-projections 42 to the detent projections 32 according to FIGS. 1 to 6. All mentioned projections are to be provided both upwards and downwards. The outer longitudinal dimension 43 and the outer width dimension 44 are a little smaller than the corresponding dimensions 45, 46 (Fig. 3 and 6) on the hollow stones, so that the Joints - as with well-known masonry - stand back in relation to the stone surfaces and the same shadow formation as with those comes into being. The external dimensions 47 are dimensioned according to the internal dimensions 48 of a semi-hollow stone according to Fig. 6, so that the horizontal joint frame 35 when laying the full hollow stones in alignment 25 according to FIG. 1 are assigned one above the other to such a stone, while in the more appropriate staggered arrangement of the solid hollow bricks, a horizontal one Joint frame the two halves facing each other next to each other lying solid hollow bricks There are so anchored together by the horizontal joint frames both next to as well as overlying hollow stones reliably anchored to one another and the entire masonry is inherently rigid and resistant to any load direction. This has the particular advantage that also during transport and storage there is a risk of damage to the hollow stones, which are sensitive in the horizontal plane does not exist, as each hollow stone has a horizontal one during storage and transport Joint frames can be equipped and in this way the necessary resistance receives. For storage and transport, a stack can easily be formed in full Wise and with the formation of sub-associations, d. H. using half and solid stones take place. The separation of the parts is easy even with reliable anchoring Inserting a tool such as a spatula, a chisel, with smaller dimensions a screwdriver or a knife possible, again because of the easy Weight there is the possibility of storing entire stacking sub-groups directly in the Insert construction and only remove those individual parts where this is necessary is.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show a horizontal half-joint frame 49 in corresponding training using the same reference numbers.

The half-stone anchoring lugs 38, 39 on the horizontal joint frame 25, 35 according to FIGS. 7 to 12 fit into the interiors of the Solid hollow stones according to the Siguren 1 to 5, that they are additionally through the spacer bar 29 are secured. This also further increases the rigidity. The clear ones The dimensions between the anchoring extensions 38-40 of the horizontal joint frames are the same as the corresponding clearances of the hollow blocks, so that in the Finished masonry from top to bottom creates smooth, chimney-like walls - with the exception of the middle of the solid hollow blocks, where the appropriate Walls 38 are interrupted in the vertical direction ~.

The vertical joint frame 50 shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 consists from two joint strips 51 visible to the outside, from the width 52 of the joint strips 36 according to Figures 7 to 12 and the height 53 of a shaped stone according to the figures 2 and 5.

These strips 51 have a square widening towards the bottom 54, which the recess of the joint strips 36 and accordingly also 51 opposite corresponds to the hollow stone surfaces 0 The joint strips are combined with a supporting frame 55, through the opening 56 lines can be laid transversely, naturally the neighboring walls of the hollow blocks have to be broken out. At the ends the vertical joint frames 50 are provided with pins 57, 58, namely are on two pegs at each end, i.e. a total of 8 pegs, which are arranged in such a way that that on the one hand the pins 57 engage in the spacer strip 29 according to FIG. 1, while the pins 58 fit into the pins 57 of the frame above. Even in this respect, a rigid wall association is created, with the frame 55 being a special one Provide diagonal reinforcement in the frame plane, which those of the neighboring End walls 27 of the hollow blocks are still increased.

Figures 16 to 18 leave an end plate 59 for a solid hollow stone recognize that consists of an actual plate of part 60 and a / this perpendicular protruding frame 61 is made. Here, too, are the spacer bars 29 provided in the same way as on the solid hollow bricks according to FIG. 1 to 3, and there are recesses 62 near the corners for receiving the pins 57, if the end plate is used as a foundation plate or as a lintel. The external dimensions 63, 64 of the full closure plate 59 according to FIGS. 16 to 18 and accordingly the half-end plate according to Biguren 19 to 21 corresponds to the external dimensions 45, 46 of the solid hollow blocks according to FIG. 3 plus the width of the guide strips 36 according to FIGS. 7 to 12 and 51 according to Bigurs 13 to 15.

Expectations

Claims (10)

Claims 1. molded stone insert for the manufacture of buildings g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t by a) essentially only formed from side walls (26S 27), solid (Figures 1 to 3) and semi-hollow stones (Figures 4 to 6), b) solid (35 Figures 7 to 9) that can be placed on the openings of these hollow stones and half-joint frame (49 Figures 10 to 12), preferably with on both sides protruding anchoring projections (37 to 40 Figures 7 to 9 or 10 to 12) can be fixed in relation to the hollow stones, c) in the vertical joints between the hollow stones (25 Figure 1 to 3 or 33 Figure 4 to 6) insertable vertical Joint frames (50, FIGS. 13 to 15) 9 which protrude downwards and / or upwards9 inner projections (57, 58) for anchoring opposite the respective underlying and solid stones (25) extending symmetrically on both sides. 2. Hollow stone according to claim 1a), g e k e n n z e i c h n e t through stop surfaces (28) arranged on each inner surface (30, 31) near the stone edges. 3. shaped stone insert according to claim 1 or 2, g e k e n n - -z e i c h n e t by notches (32) on the inner surfaces (30, 31) of the hollow stones and corresponding Mating latches (42) on the outer surfaces of the projections (39, 40) of the horizontal Pugen frame (35, 49). 4. Horizontal joint frame according to claim 1b), characterized g e -k e n It should be noted that the projections (39, 40, FIGS. 7 to 12) are in the area of the notches (42) resilient - e.g. designed as tabs. 5. Horizontal joint frame according to claim 1b) or 4, characterized g e it is not shown that the external dimensions (43, 44 Bigur 9 and 12) are true to nature are smaller than the external dimensions (45, 46, Figures 3 and 6) of the hollow stones (25, 33). 6. Horizontal full joint frame according to one of claims 1b), 4 or 5, g e k e k e n n n z e i c h n e t by a surrounding frame strip (36 Figures 7 to 9) and two half-projections corresponding to a half-hollow stone (33, FIGS. 4 to 6) (37 to 40 Figure 7). 7. Vertical joint frame according to claim 1c), g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t by a frame-like inner ridge part t5) from the height of the hollow bricks, two lateral, outer strip parts (51), of the width of the joint strips (36) of the horizontal Joint frame (35, 49 Figure 7 to 12), two with it, preferably one-piece, lower #, square foot parts # (54), the side length of which is the clear distance between two adjacent horizontal joint frames corresponds to9 as well as by two lower ones (57) and upper anchoring protrusions (58) on each ledge (51) that go into the lower and upper guard parts (in the middle of the solid hollow stones or vertical ones above The joint frame or the horizontal frame above it) intervene, 8. Mold set according to one of claims 1 to 7, g e -k e n n z e î c h n e t by an end plate (59 Figures 16 to 21) with a plate part g60) and a protruding to one side, circumferential frame (61), the external dimensions (63, 64) of which (45, 46) of the hollow stones (25 Figure 1 to 3) plus the strip width 52 Figure 15) of the joint strips (51) correspond and its inner surface corresponding to the anchoring projections on the Joint frame is equipped with recesses (62). 9. End plate according to claim 8, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the clear inner height (65 Figure 17) of the frame (59) is the length of the anchoring projections (37 to 40 Figures 7 to 9 or 57 Figures 13 to 15) corresponds to the joint frame. 10. shaped stone insert according to one of claims 1 to 9, g e -k e n fl z e i c h n e t through on the inner surfaces (30) of the solid hollow bricks (25 Figure 1 to 3) and the frame (61) of the end plate (59 Figure 16 to 18) above the stop surfaces (28) or the plate inner surface arranged vertical stop bar (29) or the like to secure the position of the vertical joint frames (50 Figure 13 to 15). L e r s e i t e