DE20321511U1 - Material for protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

A flame retardant material (1) usable for protective clothing (10),
the material (1) has a textile fabric (8) with a coating of a silicone material,
the textile fabric (8) has at least one flame-retardant fibrous material without fluorescent color and contains intermediate spaces (4) which are distributed in the textile fabric (8) and penetrate it in such a way that air can pass through the textile fabric (8), the textile fabric (8) is essentially completely coated with the silicone material, but the silicone material does not completely fill the intermediate spaces (4) in the fabric (8),
wherein the silicone material occupies a proportion of 40% to 75% based on the basis weight of the material (1) and contains luminescent pigments (5) in a proportion of not more than 30% based on the amount of the silicone material.

Description

The The invention relates to a multifunctional material, in particular for protective clothing. The multifunctional material is flame retardant and has a fluorescent Paint on. The material according to the invention can thus in clothing pieces for the Features flame retardancy and warning action can be used.

protective clothing must be accordingly their field of application have a variety of properties. there the protective clothing can consist of several individual garments or even a single single or multi-layered garment.

in the Fire department will be materials and material combinations for use in protective clothing which are effective against water vapor, flames, outflowing and protect spewing chemicals, wind and rain. In addition, should The materials should be breathable to reduce the risk of heat build-up to reduce. The minimum requirements for those in firefighter clothing The materials used are defined by international standards. For example, the standard DIN EN 533 (1997) defines materials and material combinations with limited flame spread the possibility restrict that the clothes begin to burn and thus becomes a danger itself. Usually contain such Materials and material combinations flame retardant fibers or are with a flame-retardant finish in the form of a protective layer Mistake. Materials for Flame-retardant fibrous materials are, for example, aramids, melamine resin fibers, Polyamide-imide, polyimide and PBI (polybenzimidazole). Permanently flame resistant textile Materials contain predominantly these flame retardant fibers.

Furthermore, the firefighters protective clothing should be waterproof and permeable to water vapor according to the ISO11613 (1999). This is achieved, for example, by using a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable functional layer, which is integrated in the materials and material combinations for firefighter clothing. The company WLGore & Associates GmbH in Putzbrunn, for example, offers material combinations that include textile flame retardant materials and a waterproof and water vapor permeable ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane. Such a material is available, for example under the name Gore-Tex ^® Fireblocker.

protective clothing must be in many applications at the same time also be warning clothing. Warning clothing is a clothing which are noticeable at any time should be recognizable. That's why in the European Union in the European Standards EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999) the performance requirements set to the warning color and the retroreflection of materials, as well as the minimum space and the arrangement of the materials in the protective clothing. The warning color is caused by a fluorescent color in a fixed color location and having a minimum luminance factor corresponding to the fluorescent color Are defined.

at Firefighters protective clothing exists for years the problem that the Functions flame and heat protection as well as warning effect not in satisfactory Way in a garment are united. In particular, firefighter protective clothing made of flame retardant Fibers do not meet the requirements of EN 471. That's it attributed to that Flame retardant fibers due to their chemical composition can not be dyed in fluorescent colors. Even if this Fibers have a color, so does not reach this hue the requirements of EN 471 (2003) regarding color location and luminance factor. Especially fibers of aramids, which are excellent flame retardant Properties and high temperature resistance are not fluorescent dyeable. However, in 95% of firefighting garments, the top fabric is made of aramid fibers according to the ISO 11613 and EN 469.

The Use of dyeable Fibers are for Fire protection clothing due to their low temperature resistance or melting properties less suitable. For example are fluorescent fabrics dyed polyester fabrics on the market available, However, these have only a limited flame retardant effect [Index 1 of EN 533 (1997)] and are therefore for firefighter protective clothing only limited used.

Out That's why firefighters carry dependent on different types of protective clothing depending on the nature of the emergency. In the event of a fire becomes a flame-retardant protective clothing without warning effect carried. In the case of a traffic accident, for example, the firefighters carry additionally Safety vests in the appropriate warning colors or the firefighter's clothing is with additional sewn Warning stripes equipped. However, wearing additional West cumbersome and undesirable, because the west are not sufficiently flame retardant or heat stable equipped. With the sewn on Warning stripes will be the desired Warning effect not achieved because the warning strips cover only very little area.

It there is thus a need for a material for use in protective clothing, which to a great extent Flame retardant and at the same time the requirements for high visibility clothing complies with EN 471.

The WO 01/66851 A1 describes a dirt-repellent protective clothing consisting of an air-permeable textile material of a yarn material with a silicone coating. The silicone coating completely encases the yarn material, but leaves the openings in the yarn material substantially free. As a result, the coated material retains its air permeability and can be easily cleaned. To achieve a high degree of conspicuity, the yarn material has a fluorescent color according to the requirements of EN 471. However, it is also possible to use an undyed textile material if appropriate dyes are added to the silicone prior to coating.

Textile coatings of a silicone material are known. The silicone material may have various additives. For example, this describes WO 96/36758 A2 a polymeric coating material of silicone, which may contain additives such as paints and pigments.

Indeed have such additives a negative effect on the durability and strength of the Silicone coating, because the pigments have the silicone elasticity and thus reduce the strength of the silicone coating. A pure silicone material without additives has a high LOI value (limited oxygen index) of 24-35 and points thus a resistance to flames. This resistance can however by additions be reduced in the silicone material.

Neither the WO 01/66851 A1 still the WO 96/36758 A2 also describe a flame retardant effect of the textile materials.

It Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a material which is flame-retardant and has a highly visible warning effect, in particular according to EN 471 (2003). The material should thermally and mechanically resistant as well as being washable and cleanable.

Farther should be provided a protective clothing that flame retardant is and has a highly visible warning effect. Such protective clothing should additionally Provide weather protection and climate comfort.

According to the invention Task by the features of claim 1 and by the features of Claim 26 solved. The dependent ones claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

In In a first aspect, the invention is a flame retardant material intended for use in protective clothing. The flame-retardant material has a textile fabric with a coating of a silicone material. The fabric has at least one flame-retardant fiber material without fluorescent Paint on. The textile fabric contains Interspaces distributed in the fabric are arranged and penetrate this so that air through the fabric can get. The coating essentially completely covers the coating sheet with the exception of the gaps, which the silicone material is not complete fills. The silicone material has a content of 40% to the material 75% and contains maximum 30% luminescent pigments. The proportion of luminescent pigments provides a high visibility and conspicuousness of the material safely.

The The invention thus provides a material which is flame-retardant and a striking warning color having. This is a long-standing disadvantage in the state overcome the technique.

Preferably lies the sheet as woven, knitted or knitted fabric from a yarn material. The Yarn material has at least one yarn consisting of many monofilaments Formed fiber bundles is.

Of the Proportion of flame-retardant fiber material in the fabric Ensures that the material provides protection against heat and flames having. For this purpose, the fiber material has an LOI value of at least 25 on. The fabric has at least 50% flame retardant fiber material. Preferably the flame retardant fiber material is aramid fabric or knitwear.

Under Coating is in the context of the present invention, a sheath the individual yarns and / or threads of the textile fabric and their crossing points with a silicone material understood, the spaces between remain substantially free of silicone material. The jacket the yarns and / or threads represents a seal of the textile fabric.

The Coating encloses the yarn material as well as the crossing points of the yarns substantially Completely. Thus, a penetration and deposition of dirt between the individual threads prevented. Furthermore This arrangement prevents the absorption of oily dirt components by the fiber material, in particular, no oils or pigments between the fiber bundles penetrate, leaving the dirt-repellent properties of the material were improved. Due to the smooth formation of the surface of the Coating can be any dirt on it at a Laundry simply washed off.

The Coating of silicone material supports the flame retardant effect of the fabric, there the silicone material itself has a flame-retardant effect. The 40-75% share the silicone material on the material according to the invention causes a complete and permanent sheathing of the textile fabric with the gaps open stay. At the same time, this amount of silicone is responsible for ensuring that sufficient support material for the Luminescent pigments is present so that they are firm and even the fabric can be arranged. The proportion of luminescent pigments in the silicone material is selected so that the flame-retardant properties of the material as well as the strength the silicone coating are not adversely affected. At the same time, the material reaches through the proportion of luminescent pigments a high degree of conspicuousness across from the environment. The luminous particles are uniform in the silicone material distributed and become uniform with the coating process over the textile surface of the fabric distributed. The luminous particles are completely embedded in the silicone material and thus adhere permanently to the textile fabric. The share of Luminous particles of up to 30% in the silicone material ensure that the silicone elasticity, especially with mechanical stresses, not reduced and that the flame retardant properties of the material will not negatively influenced become.

The Luminescent pigments can Daylight pigments, afterglow pigments or mixtures of daylight and persistence pigments. Preferably, daytime luminescent pigments become with the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red or fluorescent orange-red used. The silicone material should contain at least 8% daytime luminescent pigments. In one embodiment contains the silicone material at least 8% fluorescent yellow daylight pigments. In a further embodiment contains the silicone material at least 15% fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments. In particular, you can the requirements for the warning colors of the standards for warning clothing EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999), since both the color locus and the minimum luminance factor of these standards is reached. Consequently represents the material according to the invention a fluorescent background material for high visibility clothing Inventive material the requirements for Background material according to EN 471 and EN 1150.

simultaneously the material is flame retardant. According to the European standard EN 533 (1997) in terms of the flame spread the highest reached assigned index of 3. This means that in the material according to the invention with flame no flame propagation, no hole formation, no burning dripping, no afterglow and no after-burning time of> 2 s occurs. Consequently Fulfills the material of the invention ISO 11613 (1999) for Protective clothing for Firefighters. This can be a material for protective clothing for firefighters disposal be placed, which has a warning function and protection against Offers heat and flames. In particular, for the first time a sheet of aramid fibers in warning colors according to EN 471 provided become.

The flame-retardant material according to the invention is furthermore permeable to air, since the interstices of the fabric are not closed by the silicone material. The interstices of the textile fabric are, for example, air-permeable openings which are formed in the production of a woven, knitted or knitted fabric. However, the gaps can also be formed subsequently, for example holes can be punched into the nonwoven in a densely compressed nonwoven. The interstices of the coated fabric have a width of 100 to 1000 microns. Preferably, the interstices of the coated material form a width between 250 and 350 microns. The intermediate spaces thus have an air permeability of> 300 l / m ² / s. In addition, the spaces for the removal of dirt during washing of the material are advantageous because the wash liquor can completely surround the material.

In a further aspect of the invention, a protective garment is constructed with the flame retardant material of the invention. Specifically, the protective garment comprises a flame retardant material, the flame retardant material comprises a fabric having a coating of a silicone material, the fabric comprises at least one flame retardant fibrous material having no fluorescent color, and includes spaces distributed throughout the fabric and this penetrate such that air can pass through the fabric, the textile fabric is completely coated with the silicone material, however, the silicone material does not completely fill the interstices in the fabric, the silicone material occupying a proportion of 40% to 75% based on the basis weight of the material and luminescent pigments with a maximum content of 30% contains the amount of silicone material.

In order to a flame retardant protective clothing can be provided due to the high visibility of the luminous particles at the same time Represents warning clothing. For the carrier are not additional Elements for achieving a warning effect, especially in daylight, required. In particular, need firefighters only a protective clothing for every kind of emergency.

The Protective garment can a coat, a jacket, a pair of trousers, a vest, a jumpsuit, be a hat, shoes or gloves.

In an embodiment the protective clothing additionally comprises the flame-retardant material according to the invention water vapor permeable Functional layer on. This functional layer ensures a high breathability of the garment because sweat moisture in the form of water vapor is dissipated from inside to outside. The functional layer is arranged on the inside of the protective clothing. In a further embodiment is the water vapor permeable Functional layer additionally waterproof, to ensure the waterproofness of the garment enable. Furthermore, the functional layer may additionally be windproof to a windproof design of the protective clothing to allow. Preferably contains the functional layer is a waterproof and water vapor permeable ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane.

The Invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to drawings:

1 shows a schematic representation of the flame retardant material according to the invention,

2 shows a warning garment with the flame retardant material according to the invention,

3 shows a cross section through the warning piece of clothing in 2 .

4 shows a microscope image of the raw material I before the coating process,

5 shows a microscope image of the coated raw material I,

6 shows the color loci for the coated samples 1 to 4,

7 shows the color locations for the coated samples 1 to 4 when new and after the xenon test.

The The present invention describes a material which is flame retardant and is highly visible. In particular, it is the material of the invention to a flame-retardant textile surface fabric, which one with Luminous pigments filled Contains silicone coating, without the flame retardant properties of the fabric deteriorate.

The material according to the invention is in 1 shown schematically. The material 1 has a textile fabric 8th in the form of a fabric of yarn material. The fabric has at least two yarns 2 on, which form the warp threads and weft threads and may consist of a yarn material or of different yarn materials. Between the warp and weft threads form spaces 4 out, through which air can flow. The fabric contains a coating 3 from a silicone material. The coating completely encases the yarns 2 but fills the gaps 4 not completely, so that the spaces are permeable to air. The silicone material has luminescent pigments 5 uniformly distributed in the silicone material and after application to the fabric the surface of the yarns 2 cover.

In the context of the present invention, "textile fabric" is understood to mean a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric and combinations thereof The textile fabric comprises synthetic or natural fibers, and fiber blends of natural and synthetic fibers are also possible "Fibers" includes filaments (fibers of undefined length) such as monofilaments or staple filaments. The fibers are preferably in the form of yarns. The term "yarn" is used in this invention a continuous thread of a plurality of fibers and / or filaments in bundled form, usable for producing textiles by, for example, weaving or knitting. The linear density of the yarns used is preferably between 80 dtex and 300 dtex before the coating.

When Materials for the fabric can Polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, Rayons, Acetates, Acrylics, Glass Materials, Modacryle, Cotton, Wool, silk, linen, jute and mixtures thereof are used.

For the flame retardant Property of the material according to the invention points the sheet at least one flame retardant fiber material in sufficient Amount up. In one embodiment points the sheet to achieve a limited flame propagation according to Standard EN 533 (1997) for at least 50% of a flame retardant fiber material on. Such a fiber material may be selected from the group of materials containing aramids, polyimides, Preoxfasern, PBI or Melaminharzfaserstoffe be selected. A flame retardant fiber material must be thermally stable. Preferably, the flame retardant fiber material is aramid educated. In one embodiment exists the fabric 100% aramid staple fibers. Aramids are extremely flame resistant, thermally resistant and tear resistant and especially for this invention suitable. The flame retardant fiber material is preferably present as a yarn. A flame retardant fiber material can be characterized by the LOI value (Limited Oxygen Index). The LOI value corresponds the minimum level of oxygen with which the material just barely burning. Polymer systems with LOI values greater than 30-40% oxygen self-extinguishing, i.e. inherent flame-retardant. Technical polymers have an LOI value of 16-30%. In general, fibers with an LOI> 25 are classified as flame retardant. So it is desirable if the flame retardant fibrous material has an LOI value of at least 25 has. The above.

fibers reach an LOI value of 28-33, for example, reaches polyimide an LOI value of 38, PBI of 40 and Preox fibers even of 56-58. The LOI value is for the individual fibers available in the literature, for example in the Denkendorf fiber panel of the Institute of Textile and Process Engineering, Denkendorf, Germany.

The available on the market Flame retardant fiber materials have the disadvantage that they are without fluorescent color. By this is meant that the fiber material Although it may have a color, this color is not luminescent is capable this means that this color does not emit light. In particular, the fiber material no fluorescent color according to the color ranges and the minimum luminance factors of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999). These flame retardant fiber materials are either naturally not fluorescent coloring or they have a color which is not in the color ranges of EN 471 and EN 1150 having a corresponding minimum luminance factor. Thus, can This fiber material have no warning effect. In particular, the am Market available Aramid fiber fabrics are not dyeable with fluorescent dyes.

The sheet can completely be constructed of a flame retardant fiber material. In a further embodiment points the sheet a mixture of non-flame retardant yarns and flame retardant yarns Yarns, but the proportion of flame retardant yarns must be at least 50%.

The fabric has a weight of 40 g / m ² -300 g / m ² . For example, it has a weight of 80 g / m ² .

As explained above exists the fabric made of yarn or fiber material. Will dirt such as fat on the fabric Applied, so this dirt can in different areas deposit. The dirt can get on the fibers, between the fibers or between the yarns at intersections. It is almost impossible, to remove such dirt by a standard washing process, if the dirt is trapped between the fibers (mechanical anchored) or enclosed in the volume of the fibers.

at In the present invention, the yarns are made with a silicone material coated. The silicone material penetrates between the fibers of the Yarns, ensuring a mechanical adhesion of the coating becomes. The surface the yarn is completely covered with the silicone material, and so is for the intersections the threads applies.

Thus, no oil or pigments can penetrate between the fibers of the yarns, so that the dirt-repellent properties are improved. By dirt-repellent properties it is to be understood that the dirt can be easily removed from the material by a cleaning process, for example washing. Due to the smooth surface of the coating, any dirt that hits it during washing can be easily washed off.

The fabric is permeable to air. It contains gaps 4 penetrating the surface fabric so that air can pass through the fabric. For example, in a tissue, the interstices form 4 each between the intersecting warp and weft threads. In a knitted fabric form the mesh corresponding openings. After coating, these openings or spaces between the yarns or fibers will still be present. Thus, the wearing comfort in the case of a garment for the wearer is improved because moisture and heat can be transported away from the body to the outside. These gaps must be greater than 100 μm to ensure an air permeability of at least 300 l / m ² / s (measured to ISO 9237) and breathability. In addition, the interstices serve improved soil release properties, since the wash liquor can flush the material on all sides when washing the material. Gaps of less than 100 microns have a low air permeability and lead to reduced soil release properties, since during washing the wash liquor does not flow very easily through the small spaces and thus can not absorb all the dirt.

at the silicones used may be of the RTV type (at room temperature vulcanizing type), the LSR type (liquid silicone rubber) or mixtures act on it. These silicones consist for example of two parts, which are mixed together before use.

Of the curing process the RTV silicones begin mixing at room temperature, accelerating but with increasing temperature. A good curing temperature is between 120 ° C and 180 ° C. The LSR silicones need a high temperature for the curing, for example between 160 ° C and 200 ° C.

For the present Invention, it is important that the silicone material is transparent or translucent present. The silicone material must not be flammable additions contain.

The Silicone material has an LOI value between 24-35 and points thus a good flame resistance. That's important because so the coating does not deteriorate the flame retardant properties of the surface fabric causes.

The Amount of silicone material is 40% -75% based on the basis weight the material according to the invention. This amount is necessary for a complete and durable coating of the fabric to achieve and simultaneously serve as a carrier for the luminescent pigments. A silicone amount below 40% causes too thin a layer thickness of the silicone coating and associated with inadequate strength and durability the coating. An amount of silicone over 75% does not cause the gaps more in sufficient measure stay open but are also filled with silicone material.

The Amount of silicone material of 40% -75% is also necessary for a sufficiently color-covering layer thickness on the fabric is trained. The silicone material contains a maximum of 30% luminescent pigments. Thus, one must appropriate amount of colored with luminescent pigments silicone material on the sheet be applied so that the color of the fabric is covered. The layer thickness of the coating is, for example, 30 μm-60 μm. A salary of more than 30% luminescent pigments leads to a deterioration the flame-retardant properties of the material and at a lower Strength of the silicone coating.

The Luminous pigments are distinguished according to their behavior in luminescent Luminescent pigments (also daylight pigments) and luminescent luminescent pigments. Of primary importance in this invention are the daytime luminescent pigments. Daytime luminescent pigments are also referred to as fluorescent pigments.

fluorescent Dyes are excited by the normal daylight to shine. Their chemical structure causes them to emit short-wave light (UV and blue lights) and emit in the visible range (radiate). This effect manifests itself in an extremely strong luminosity of color.

In one embodiment, daylight fluorescent pigments are added to the silicone material. The distribution of the daylight pigments in the silicone material can be done with any mixing tool. Important is only that the pigments are evenly distributed in the silicone material. In one embodiment, 15% yellow-fluorescent daylight pigments are added to the silicone material. The yellow-fluorescent daylight pigments may have a minimum content of 8% of the silicone material. In another embodiment, the silicone material is supplied with 20% orange-red fluorescent daylight pigments. The orange-red fluorescent daylight pigments can be present with a minimum content of 15% of the silicone material.

At least 8% daytime luminescent pigments should be present, this value depending on from the quality the daytime luminescent pigments can fluctuate upwards and downwards.

It is possible, too, additionally to the daytime luminescent afterglow pigments the silicone material inflict. The afterglow pigments can also be used in place of the daytime luminescent pigments. afterglow have the property to emit after an exposure. This Afterglow effect is particularly visible in the dark.

A method of coating a sheet is exemplified below.
The fabric 8th is fed to a pair of rollers with a nip. For this purpose, the sheet is taken up by a first roller and passed through the nip to a second roller which forms the sheet 8th picks up and transports. The first and second rollers each move relative to each other. The sheet moves through a coating solution (silicone solution) located between the rolls before passing under the second roll. The coating solution comprises the silicone material to be coated, to which the desired amount of luminescent pigments has been added. The nip is to be adapted to the textile fabric. In addition, with the size of the nip, the layer thickness of the coating and thus the amount of silicone material to be applied per m ^{2 of} sheet can be adjusted. Any excess solution that is then between the yarns of the fabric remains in an area on the surface of the second roll so that the interstices between the yarns remain open. The curing process takes place in a furnace following the coating process.

The coated material 1 For example, has a basis weight between 60 g / m ² and 600 g / m ² .

The spaces have an average width of 350 microns. This ensures an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s.

The coated material according to the invention has a fluorescent color. This material is clairvoyant and contains a warning effect. The respective fluorescent color fulfills the requirements of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 with regard to color range and minimum luminance factor. When using fluorescent yellow daylight pigments, the color locus of the material lies 1 within the color range for fluorescent yellow according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor βmin = 0.70 (corresponds to Y = 70) according to EN 471 (2003). When fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments are used, the color locus of the material is located 1 within the color range for fluorescent orange-red according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor βmin = 0.40 (corresponds to Y = 40) according to EN 471 (2003). When using fluorescently red daylight pigments, the color locus of the material lies 1 within the color range for fluorescent red according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor βmin = 0.25 (corresponding to Y = 25) according to EN 471 (2003). Thus, the material of the invention can be used as a background material according to these standards.

The coating 3 is stable and adheres firmly to the surface of the fabric.

Adhesive dirt can be removed by conventional washing procedures without degrading the fluorescent properties of the material. This means that the coating has improved the durable soiling resistance because dirt can no longer get lodged between the fibers. Even after repeated washing (ISO 6330) the EN 471 is fulfilled. Thus, the luminescent pigments are permanently integrated in the coating and are not dissolved out even under mechanical stress. The coated material 1 is flame retardant. The test for flame resistance (EN 532) is predominantly passed with index 3. Thus, the material according to the invention for firefighters protective clothing can be used.

The use of the material according to the invention 1 in a protective garment 10 is in 2 shown schematically. The protective garment 10 may be in any form, such as a coat, jacket, shoes, trousers, vest, overalls, hat, gloves, or the like. The protective garment 10 has an outside 12 and an inside 13 , The fluorescent flame retardant material 1 forms the entire outside in this embodiment 12 and serves as background material according to EN 471 (2003). The outside 12 may also be only partially from the fluorescent flame retardant material 1 be constructed and have more textile layers as long as the requirements for the minimum surface of the visible material according to EN 471 (2003) or EN 1150 (1999) are met. Additionally, if the fluorescent flame retardant material is combined with a retroreflective material, it can also be used as a material having combined properties according to EN 471 (2003). Finally, the garment points 10 outwardly a fluorescent color and thus has a warning function.

The material of the invention 1 can with an at least water vapor permeable functional layer 14 be combined. The functional layer 14 is on the inside 16 the outside 12 at least partially arranged. The inside 16 may additionally have further insulation and / or feed layers depending on the particular application.

3 shows a cross section through the layer structure of the garment in 2 corresponding to the dashed line II in an exemplary embodiment. The outside 12 has a fluorescent flame retardant material 1 according to the invention. The material 1 is a textile fabric 8th such as a 100% aramid fabric with a fluorescently colored silicone coating.

With regard to the quantity distribution, the aramid fabric absorbs about 40% and the silicone coating about 60% of the basis weight (g / m ² ) of the material. The silicone coating contains at least 30% luminescent pigments, for example, in one embodiment, 20% fluorescent orange-red daytime luminescent pigments evenly distributed over the surface of the aramid fabric and for strong luminescence of the outer ply 12 to care. The material 1 has on its material inside a water vapor permeable functional layer 14 on. A feed situation 18 is at the side of the functional layer 14 arranged, which to the inside 16 of the garment 10 has. In one embodiment, the functional layer is 14 permeable to water vapor and waterproof. The functional layer 14 can also be permeable to water vapor and windproof or water vapor permeable, waterproof and windproof. The presence of the functional layer 14 increases the wearing comfort of the garment 10 because the sweat of the wearer is transported from inside to outside while preventing the ingress of water and / or wind. The functional layer 14 has a water vapor transmission resistance of less than 15 m ² Pa / W and is waterproof at a water ingress pressure of 200 Pa. Thus, the garment is a total of waterproof and permeable to water vapor. The functional layer 14 may in one embodiment be in the form of a 2-ply laminate, with a textile laminate ply on top of the feed layer 18 facing side of the functional layer 14 is appropriate. The functional layer may also be in the form of a 3-layer laminate, in which case the functional layer is on each side 14 a textile laminate layer is arranged.

The color of the functional layer 14 may be important because the functional layer can be seen through the interspaces of the material according to the invention of the outer layer. In the case of a dark functional layer, the color values of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999), in particular the luminosity, can often not be achieved. It is therefore necessary for the functional layer to have a light color, such as white. The color of the functional layer must be at least so bright that the material according to the invention together with the functional layer satisfies EN 471 or EN 1150.

The functional layer 14 may be a film or a membrane. Preferably, the functional layer 14 with at least one textile layer 17 connected to a textile laminate. The textile laminate layer can be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric. As a material, a variety of materials such as polyester, polyamides (nylon), polyolefins and others may be considered. Preferably, the textile laminate layer is a smooth or roughened knit made of polyester or when used in aramid firefighting protective clothing. The textile laminate is in a preferred embodiment as a liner construction on the inside of the outer layer 12 fixed so that the functional layer is directed to the material inside and the textile layer to the interior of the garment 10 ,

Suitable materials for a functional layer 14 are fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyesters, polysulfones, polyurethanes, polyurethane-polyesters, polyethylene, polyethersulfones, polycarbonates, silicones, polyolefins, polyacrylates, polyamides, polypropylene including polyetheresters, and combinations thereof; The functional layer 14 may be porous or nonporous. The functional layer 14 is watertight at a water inlet pressure of at least 16 kPa and has a water vapor transmission resistance of less than 15 m ² Pa / W.

Preferred microporous membranes ( 50 ) include fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene; Polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene; Polyamides, polyesters; Polysulfones, polyethersulfones and combinations thereof; polycarbonates; Polyurethanes. Preferably, a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane is used. The membrane of ePTFE is present with a thickness between 5-500 .mu.m, preferably between 50-300 .mu.m. An ePTFE membrane is particularly suitable as it is very stable to heat and high temperatures and does not burn or melt.

This Material is characterized by a variety of open, with each other connected cavities, a big one Cavity volume and a large Strength. Stretched PTFE is soft, flexible, has stable chemical properties, a high permeability across from Gases and vapors and a surface with a good repellency against impurities.

The porosity and the pore size are chosen so that the gas diffusion is not hindered. The average pore size may be 0.02-3 μm, preferably 0.1-0.5 μm. The porosity is 30-90%, preferably 50-80%. At the same time the material is waterproof. For example, one method of making such porous PTFE-expanded PTFE membranes is in the patents US 3,953,566 and US 4,187,390 disclosed.

In one embodiment, the ePTFE membrane comprises a water vapor permeable, continuous, hydrophilic, polymeric layer. Not limited thereto, suitable continuous water vapor permeable polymers are those of the family of polyurethanes, the family of silicones, the family of copolyetheresters, or the family of copolyetherester amides. Suitable copolyether esters of hydrophilic compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat U.S. Patent 4,493,870 (Vrouenraets) and US-A-4,725,481 (Ostapachenko). Suitable polyurethanes are in the US-A-4,194,041 (Gore) described. Suitable hydrophilic compositions are in the US-A-4 2340 838 ( Foy et al. ) to find. A preferred class of continuous water-vapor-permeable polymers are polyurethanes, especially those containing oxyethylene units as described in U.S. Pat US-A-4 532 316 (Heran) is described.

Textile laminates with the above-described waterproof and water-vapor-permeable functional layer 14 & Associates ^® under the name GORE-TEX laminate are available from WL Gore.

The piece of clothing 10 with the material according to the invention 1 as an outer layer 12 meets the requirements for protective clothing according to ISO 11613 (2000) and ISO 15025 (1999).

Examples

Two raw materials were coated according to the present invention: Raw Product I (RW I) is a white fabric of 100% aramid staple fibers. The raw product I has a basis weight of 77 g / m ² and an air permeability of> 2900 l / m ² / s at an average distance of the tissue spaces (yarn interstices) of 456 microns. 4 shows a photograph of the woven raw material I with the light microscope. The raw material I is a fabric according to the invention and is woven in such a way that it is woven between the yarns 2 interspaces 4 are located. The luminance factor Y is 77.

Raw Product II (RW II) is an orange-colored fabric made of 100% aramid staple fibers. The raw material II has a basis weight of 81 g / m ² and an air permeability of> 2900 l / m ² / s with an average width of the fabric interstices (thread interstices) of 476 microns. The luminance factor is 30 and the color locus is outside the color range for orange-red according to EN 471 (see 6 ).

1st attempt (1-I)

The raw material I is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 15% yellow daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments has a content of 68% on the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. 5 shows the raw material I after the coating process. The staple fiber of the aramid fabric is coated with silicone material, however, the spaces are 4 still open. The average width of the gaps is 386 μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1727 l / m ² / s.

2nd attempt (2-I)

The raw material I is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 25% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments has a content of 67% of the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fibers of the aramid fabric are coated with the dyed silicone material as in Experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the gaps is 417 μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1737 l / m ² / s.

3rd trial (3-II)

The raw material II is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 25% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments has a content of 63% on the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fibers of the aramid fabric are coated with the dyed silicone material as in Experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the gaps is 366 μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1683 l / m ² / s.

4th attempt (4-II)

The raw material II is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 20% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments has a content of 63% on the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fibers of the aramid fabric are coated with the dyed silicone material as in Experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the gaps is 370 μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1690 l / m ² / s.

The results and settings of the four experiments are summarized in Table 1. attempt coating Basis weight (g / m ² ) Silicone coating (g / m ² ) Silicone coating (%) Air permeability (l / m ² / s) RW I 77 > 2900 RW II 81 > 2900 1-I RW I + 15% yellow 241 164 68 1727 2-I RW I + 25% orange-red 233 156 67 1737 3-II RW II + 25% orange red 216 135 63 1683 4-II RW II + 20% orange-red 216 135 63 1690 Tab. 1 Results Coating Experiments

Of all four coated samples, the color location (x, y) and minimum luminance factor (Y) were determined. The measurement is performed with a Minolta CM 508C Spectrophotometer. The results are summarized in Table 2 and in 6 shown schematically. sample x-coordinate for color location y-coordinate for color location Luminance factor Y Luminance factor β Minimum luminance factor βmin according to EN 471 Raw material I .3107 .3283 77 0.77 Raw material II .5326 .3526 32 0.32 βmin (orange-red) = 0.40 1-I 0.3846 .5587 108 1.08 βmin (yellow) = 0.70 2-I .6080 .3520 59 0.59 βmin (orange-red) = 0.40 3-II .6151 .3493 46 0.46 βmin (orange-red) = 0.40 4-II .6105 .3501 45 0.45 βmin (orange-red) = 0.40 Tab. 2 Determination of color location and luminance factor

6 shows a representation of the color areas for fluorescent yellow (G), fluorescent orange-red (OR) and for fluorescent red (R) according to EN 471 (2003). The measured color locations for the raw material I ( 30 ) and II ( 31 ) and for the four samples ( 32 . 34 . 36 . 38 ) from Table 2 are attached to this illustration. The raw material I ( 30 ) lies outside the three color ranges and the orange raw material II ( 31 ) is far out of the orange-red (OR) color range. Both raw materials therefore do not comply with EN 471 (2003). In contrast, the color locations of the four samples are each within the corresponding color ranges. Experimental sample 1-I ( 32 ) is within the color range for fluorescent yellow (G). The experimental samples 2-I ( 34 ), 3-II ( 36 ) and 4-II ( 38 ) are all within the color range for fluorescent orange-red (OR).

Of the Luminance factor Y was according to Table 2 for all samples certainly. According to EN 471, the Minimum luminance factor βmin for fluorescent Yellow 0.70 and for fluorescent orange-red 0.40. The raw material II lies with Y = 30 far below the required minimum luminance factor according to EN 471. The raw material I has a very high luminance factor, but not for the required colors. In contrast, all four test patterns meet the requirements of EN 471, as shown in Table 2.

In summary fulfill the raw materials do not meet the requirements of EN 471, as they neither required color range still have the required brightness. However, fulfill all four samples meet the color and brightness requirements of EN 471 (2003).

The samples prepared above were examined for their flame retardancy. For this purpose, the samples were subjected to a flame test in accordance with ISO 15025 (2000) (corresponds to EN 532). The evaluation was carried out according to the index of limited flame propagation according to EN 533 (1997). The results are shown in Table 3: sample Flame 10 s Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 1-I Chain 1st set 3 2 2 Shot 1st set 3 2 3 Chain 2nd set 2 3 3 Shot 2nd set 3 2 2 2-I Chain 3 3 3 shot 3 3 3 3-II Chain 3 3 3 shot 3 3 3 4-II Chain 3 3 3 shot 3 3 3 Tab. 3 Results Flame test

All Samples pass the flame test. Except for the first sample (1-I), the samples get index 3 (according to EN 533), which is the highest awarded index.

In order to fulfill these samples meet the flame resistance requirements of ISO11613. Sample 1-I had an afterglow time of more than 2 s several times, therefore you can these sample patterns get only index 2. The remaining sample samples of the sample 1-I have reached index 3, so that total assumed can be that, with appropriate optimization of the sample 1-I total Index 3 can be achieved.

The Samples were tested for their stain resistance and durability examined. For this purpose, the samples 1-I and 2-I standard washes as also subjected to a test for determining the abrasion resistance.

For the washing tests the samples were in a clean condition and in a polluted state washed. The washing test is carried out according to the BPI Hohenstein standard AW-QM 11.01-06.03.011 (soiling of textile materials with buffer grease).

The soiling of the samples is carried out according to the following procedure:
Samples of each sample are stitched onto lower back jackets. Using a template with a thickness of 130 microns and four holes each with a diameter of 2 cm, a fat (buffer fat no. 2292 from Fuchs Lubritech GmbH, Weilerbach, Germany) is applied by Aufkrakeln. To ensure a flat surface, a 6 mm thick plastic sheet is placed under the jacket. About 4 g of fat is spread over the four holes in the template. The template is then lifted off gently. Blotting paper and a plastic film are applied over the grease. A wooden spatula is then pulled over the plastic film with moderate pressure. The plastic film is then removed and the blotter paper peeled off. The soiled samples are then stored for about 18 hours.

Washing:

The Washing tests indicate how the washing affects the brightness and the pollution affects the material of the invention.

For the washing test, the samples are washed with an Electrolux washing machine at 60 ° C according to ISO 6330 (1984). The filling of the washing machine consists of 2 jackets. The weight is about 2.2 kg. The jackets are then tumble-dried at 70 ° C for a period of 30 minutes dries. The washing test can be repeated as desired.

To Washing and drying of each sample are each the brightness and the color locus measured with a Minolta CM 508 C spectrophotometer each of a clean part and a polluted Part of the sample. In the case of a spotty pollution becomes the darkest Range measured.

The luminance difference ΔY is determined according to the following formula: ΔY = Y unpolluted - Y dirty Y% = ΔY / Y unpolluted

ever the smaller the luminance difference, the more pollution was removed from the soiled pattern and the better it could the original Brightness can be achieved. Generally, that is the luminance difference between the washed unpolluted sample part and the washed soiled sample after 2 washes less than ΔY = 15 should. In particular, after 2 washes for a fluorescent yellowed Material can be achieved a luminance difference of smaller ΔY = 15, for a fluorescent orange-red colored Material can be achieved a luminance difference of smaller ΔY = 7 and for a fluorescent red colored Material a luminance difference of less than ΔY = 5 can be achieved. Preferably These luminance differences are achieved even after 30 industrial washes.

The results are summarized in Table 4: sample after 1 × washing after 2 × washing after 1 × washing after 2 × washing Y brightness without dirt Y brightness with dirt Y brightness without dirt Y brightness with dirt Luminance difference ΔY 1-I 105.98 73.99 107.40 98.01 31,99 9.39 106.22 69.74 36.48 2-I 50.63 39.41 51.36 50,35 11.22 1.01 51.97 36.57 15.40 Tab. 4 Results Washing tests

The Results show that after two washes the soiled sample parts again almost the same brightness as the non-contaminated sample parts exhibit. That expresses reflected in the luminance difference, each below the above minimum values.

to Determination of abrasion resistance For example, samples 1-I and 2-I were 30 times the wash described above subjected. After 30 washes and drying, the samples were visually evaluated. This visual assessment serves to recognize and evaluate injuries on the coating of the respective sample. The test equipment is a light microscope used. Each sample is placed under the light microscope and the damaged Jobs are counted. Both samples show virtually no damage under the light microscope. Thus, the coating is also after a strong mechanical Load permanently on the fabric.

Lightfastness xenon

The samples were subjected to xenon irradiation to see the influence of light on color locus and brightness. The xenon irradiation is carried out according to point 5.2. EN 471 (2003). Table 6 shows the measured values for the brightness before and after the irradiation. sample Y before irradiation Y after irradiation Raw material II 32 32 I-1 108 96 2-I 59 58 3-II 46 43 4-II 45 41 Tab.6 Results xenon irradiation

7 shows the color locations of the samples ( 32 . 34 . 36 . 38 ) and after ( 32a . 34a . 36a . 38a ) of irradiation.

In summary, it has been shown that after xenon irradiation the color locations of the samples lie within the color ranges according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factors in each case are above the required minimum luminance factor. The color locus and the luminance factor Y for the raw material II ( 31 . 31a ) deteriorates after irradiation.

Definitions and test descriptions

• – bei Index 1 Materialien tritt keine Flammenausbreitung auf, Lochbildung kann beim Flammenkontakt auftreten.
• – bei Index 2 Materialien tritt keine Flammenausbreitung auf, Lochbildung tritt beim Flammenkontakt nicht auf.
• – Bei Index 3 Materialien tritt keine Flammenausbreitung auf, Lochbildung tritt beim Flammenkontakt nicht auf, es tritt nur ein begrenztes Nachbrennen auf.

The term "flame retardant" in the context of this invention means that both the sheet and the material have limited flame spread The European standard EN 533 (1997) specifies performance requirements for the limited flame propagation of materials based on the results of the EN 532 (equivalent to EN ISO 15025 (2003)) Power is expressed by an index of limited flame propagation Three performance levels are established:

• - For Index 1 materials, no flame propagation occurs, hole formation may occur during flame contact.
• - For Index 2 materials, no flame propagation occurs, hole formation does not occur in flame contact.
• - For Index 3 materials no flame propagation occurs, hole formation does not occur in flame contact, there is only a limited afterburning.

For fire department protective clothing a material with index 3 (according to ISO 11613: 1999) is required.

Of the Term "heavy flammable fiber material "means in the context of this invention, that the fiber material is a LOI (limited oxygen index) of greater than 25 has.

Of the Term "thermal stable "means that Fiber material as well as the material according to the invention temperatures of more than 180 ° C at a time of 5 minutes according to the oven test EN ISO 15025 (2003).

Air permeability

To measure the air permeability of a fabric, a tester is used that can measure the air flow through the fabric. The test pieces are placed between two rings to give a test area of 100 cm ² . Air is drawn through the test piece at a constant pressure of 100 Pa. This measures the amount of air passing through the test piece and calculates it in l / m ² / s. This test complies with European standard EN ISO 9237 (1995).

Fabric interspaces

The coated sheet has gaps or openings which have an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s. These spaces have a width of 100 to 1000 microns.

The Measurement of the width of the gaps is done with a light microscope (e.g., a Zeiss microscope). To The patterns are placed in the microscope and the width of the gaps becomes measured at a magnification of preferably 50 times.

Water vapor resistance Ret

The Ret value is a specific material property of fabrics (fabric and functional layer according to the invention) or composite materials (laminates) which determines the latent heat of vaporization flow at a constant partial pressure gradient through a given surface. The term "permeable to water vapor" defines a material which has a water vapor transmission resistance Ret of less than 15 m ² Pa / W. The fabric preferably has a Ret of less than 5 m ² Pa / W. The water vapor permeability is measured by the Hohenstein MDM Dry method. which is described in the standard test specification no. BPI 1.4 (1987) of the Clothing Physics Institute Hohenstein.

By "porous" is a material to understand which very small, microscopic pores through the internal structure of the material and the pores one another connected continuous connection or path from a surface to other surface of the material. According to the dimensions of the pores the material thus permeable for air and water vapor, liquid However, water can not get through the pores.

The pore size can be measured with a Coulter Porometer ^™ manufactured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida. The Coulter Porometer is an instrument that automatically measures pore size distribution in porous media using the method described in ASTM Standard E1298-89.

But not available by all porous Materials can change the pore size with the Coulter Porometer are determined. In such a case, the Pore sizes too using a microscope such as a light or electron microscope.

at Use of a microporous Membrane has this an average pore size between 0.1 and 100 μm, Preferably, the average pore size is between 0.2 and 10 microns.

Water Entry Pressure Test

The water entry pressure test is a hydrostatic resistance test essentially based on pressing water against one side of a sample of material and observing the other side of the material sample for passage of water. The water pressure is measured according to a test method in which distilled water is increasingly pressurized at 20 ± 2 ° C on a material sample having an area of 100 cm ² . The water pressure is 60 ± 3 cmH ₂ O / min. The water pressure is then the pressure at which water appears on the other side of the sample. The exact procedure is regulated in ISO standard no. 811 from 1981. By "waterproof" is meant that a material can withstand a water entry pressure of at least 16 kPa.

Color location and luminance factor

The Measurement of the color location and the luminance factor takes place accordingly Point 7.2 of EN 471 (2003) with a Spectrophotometer of the mark Minolta CM 508. Each sample is included in the packaging measured processed materials underneath. That means, that under each sample a functional layer in the form of a 2-layers Laminate liner consisting of membrane and textile carrier material is arranged. The membrane is just below the sample.

at measurement with the spectrophotometer, the values for the x- and the y-axis read to determine the color location. Likewise, the luminance factor becomes Y measured. In EN 471, however, a minimum luminance factor βmin is given for each color range. The relationship between βmin and Y is the following: Luminance factor Y is βmin × 100.

Background material

One Background material is according to EN 471 and EN 1150 a colored fluorescent material of highest conspicuousness, that does not meet the requirements of this standard for retroreflective materials must correspond.

• EN 471 (2003): Warnkleidung
• EN 1150 (1999): Warnkleidung für den nicht professionellen Gebrauch. Im Unterschied zur EN 471 definiert diese Norm noch weitere Farbbereiche wie fluoreszierendes grün, fluoreszierendes gelbgrün, fluoreszierendes geld-orange und fluoreszierendes rosa.
• EN 15025 (2003): Schutzkleidung, Schutz gegen Hitze und Flammen, Prüfverfahren für die begrenzte Flammenausbildung.
• ISO 11613 (1999): Protective Clothing for Firefighters – laboratory test methods and Performance requirements.
• EN 533 (1997): Schutzkleidung, Schutz gegen Hitze und Flammen, Materialien und Materialkombinationen mit begrenzter Flammenausbreitung.

The following standards are referred to in the present invention:

• EN 471 (2003): warning clothing
• EN 1150 (1999): Warning clothing for non-professional use. In contrast to EN 471, this standard defines other color ranges such as fluorescent green, fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent money-orange and fluorescent pink.
• EN 15025 (2003): Protective clothing, protection against heat and flame, test methods for limited flame formation.
• ISO 11613 (1999): Protective Clothing for Firefighters - laboratory testing methods and performance requirements.
• EN 533 (1997): Protective clothing, protection against heat and flame, materials and material combinations with limited flame spread.

Claims (43)

A flame retardant material ( 1 ) suitable for protective clothing ( 10 ), the material ( 1 ) has a textile fabric ( 8th ) with a coating of a silicone material, the textile fabric ( 8th ) has at least one flame retardant fiber material without fluorescent color and contains spaces ( 4 ) in the textile fabric ( 8th ) are distributed and penetrate this in such a way that air through the textile fabric ( 8th ), the textile fabric ( 8th ) is substantially completely coated with the silicone material, however, the silicone material fills the spaces ( 4 ) in the fabric ( 8th ), wherein the silicone material accounts for 40% to 75% of the basis weight of the material ( 1 ) and luminescent pigments ( 5 ) Contains a proportion of not more than 30% based on the amount of silicone material. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the luminescent pigments ( 5 ) Have daylight pigments, persistence pigments or mixtures of daylight and persistence pigments. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 2, wherein the daylight pigments are selected from the group of pigments having the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red, fluorescent orange-red. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the silicone material contains at least 8% of daytime luminescent pigments based on the amount of the silicone material. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicone material has at least 8% fluorescent yellow daylight pigments. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicone material has at least 15% fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments. Material ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material ( 1 ) is a fluorescent background material. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the material ( 1 ) flame retardant with a limited flame spread according to the requirements of DIN EN 533 (1997). Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fibrous material has an LOI value of at least 25. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the spaces ( 4 ) of the coated sheet form openings with a width of 100 to 1000 μm. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the spaces ( 4 ) lead to an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ( 8th ) at least one yarn ( 2 ) which is substantially completely coated with the silicone material. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 12, wherein said at least one yarn ( 2 ) is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, cotton. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fiber material is selected from the group of Ma terials containing aramids, polyimides, Melaminharzfaserstoffe is selected. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 14, wherein the fiber material comprises aramids. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant fiber material is at least one yarn ( 2 ), which is substantially completely coated with the silicone material. Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the sheet ( 8th ) has at least 50% flame retardant fiber material. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 and 7, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements for background material according to DIN EN 471 (2003). Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 and 7, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements for background material according to DIN EN 1150 (1999). Material ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements of ISO 11613 (1999) for protective clothing for firefighters. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 and 7, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for yellow fluorescent background material. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 and 7, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for red fluorescent background material. Material ( 1 ) according to claims 1 and 7, wherein the material ( 1 ) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for orange-red fluorescent background material. Protective garment ( 10 ) a flame retardant material ( 1 ), the flame retardant material ( 1 ) has a textile fabric ( 8th ) with a coating ( 3 ) of a silicone material, the textile fabric ( 8th ) contains at least one flame-retardant fiber material without fluorescent color and contains spaces ( 4 ) in the textile fabric ( 8th ) are distributed and penetrate this in such a way that air through the textile fabric ( 8th ), the textile fabric ( 8th ) is substantially completely coated with the silicone material, however, the silicone material fills the gaps ( 4 ) in the fabric ( 8th ), wherein the silicone material accounts for 40% to 75% of the basis weight of the material ( 1 ) and luminescent pigments ( 5 ) Contains a proportion of not more than 30% based on the amount of silicone material. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the material ( 1 ) a water vapor-permeable functional layer ( 14 ) having. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the material ( 1 ) a waterproof and water vapor permeable functional layer ( 14 ) having. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) is windproof. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) is a film or a membrane. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) is selected from the group of materials comprising polyolefins, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyurethanes or fluoropolymers. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 25 and 26, wherein at least a part of the functional layer ( 14 ) consists of ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene). Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) a white color has. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24 in the form of a coat, jacket, trousers, vest, overalls, hat or gloves. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) Has a water vapor transmission resistance of <15 m ² Pa / W (BPI 1.4-1987). Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) withstands a water entry pressure of at least 16 kPa (ISO 811-1981). Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer ( 14 ) has an air permeability of not more than 10 l / m ² / s (ISO 9237-1995). Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the luminescent pigments ( 5 ) Have daylight pigments, persistence pigments or mixtures of daylight and persistence pigments. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 36, wherein the daylight pigments are selected from the group of pigments having the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red, fluorescent orange-red. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the flame retardant material has a limited flame spread according to the requirements of DIN EN 533. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the flame retardant fiber material is selected from the group of materials containing aramids, polyimides, melamine resin fibers. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 39, wherein the fiber material comprises aramids. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the sheet ( 8th ) has at least 50% flame retardant fiber material. Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the material ( 1 ) is a background material according to the requirements of EN 471 (2003). Protective garment ( 10 ) according to claim 24, wherein the gaps ( 4 ) of the coated sheet form openings with a width of 100 to 1000 μm.