DE20307429U1 - brick - Google Patents
brickInfo
- Publication number
- DE20307429U1 DE20307429U1 DE20307429U DE20307429U DE20307429U1 DE 20307429 U1 DE20307429 U1 DE 20307429U1 DE 20307429 U DE20307429 U DE 20307429U DE 20307429 U DE20307429 U DE 20307429U DE 20307429 U1 DE20307429 U1 DE 20307429U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- brick according
- vol
- materials
- aggregate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052935 jarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00198—Characterisation or quantities of the compositions or their ingredients expressed as mathematical formulae or equations
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
Mauersteinbrick
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf eine Masse zum Herstellen eines Mauersteins, ' 5 ^ insbesondere durch Brennen oder durch hydraulisches Abbinden, bspw. in einem Autoklaven, sowie auf einen daraus hergestellten Mauerstein, insbesondere für Außenwände.The invention is directed to a mass for producing a brick, ' 5 ^ in particular by firing or by hydraulic setting, for example in an autoclave, and to a brick produced therefrom, in particular for external walls.
Moderne Baustoffe müssen immer strengeren Anforderungen genügen. Dies gilt &iacgr;&ogr; auch für Mauersteine, insbesondere solche für Außenwände. Dort ist ein guter Wärmedämmwert von primärer Bedeutung. Daneben ist ein gutes Wärmespeichervermögen wünschenswert, und in zunehmendem Maße auch eine möglichst gute Schalldämmung. Es hat sich jedoch erwiesen, dass ein guter Wärmedämmwert zumeist mit einem schlechten Schalldämmwert verbunden ist. Dies beruht darauf, dass ein hoher Wärmedämmwert zumeist durch Hohlräume in einem Mauerstein, insbesondere durch Poren oder Kammern, erzielt wird. Diese meist luftgefüllten Hohlräume steigern zwar den Wärmedämmungswert, reduzieren aber gleichzeitig die Schalldämmung.Modern building materials have to meet increasingly strict requirements. This also applies to bricks, particularly those for external walls. In these cases, a good thermal insulation value is of primary importance. In addition, good heat storage capacity is desirable, and increasingly also the best possible sound insulation. However, it has been proven that a good thermal insulation value is usually associated with a poor sound insulation value. This is because a high thermal insulation value is usually achieved through cavities in a brick, particularly through pores or chambers. These mostly air-filled cavities increase the thermal insulation value, but at the same time reduce the sound insulation.
Aus diesen Nachteilen des beschriebenen Standes der Technik resultiert das die Erfindung initiierende Problem, einen Mauerstein bzw. eine Masse zur Herstellung desselben zu finden, welche den Anforderungen an hohe Schall- und Wärmedämmung gleichermaßen gerecht werden.These disadvantages of the described prior art result in the problem initiating the invention of finding a brick or a mass for producing the same which equally meets the requirements for high sound and thermal insulation.
Die Lösung dieses Problems gelingt dadurch, dass die Masse zum Herstellen eines Mauersteins, insbesondere für Außenwände, folgende Bestandteile enthält:The solution to this problem is that the mass for producing a brick, especially for external walls, contains the following components:
5-95% Leichtzuschlag-, Schäumungs- und/oder Ausbrennstoff(e) (Bestandteil x)5-95% lightweight aggregate, foaming and/or burnout material(s) (component x)
2-30% Schwerzuschlagstoff(e) (Bestandteil y)2-30% heavy aggregate(s) (component y)
Rest Bindemittel und ggf. Füllstoffe (Bestandteil z).Remainder: binder and possibly fillers (component z).
Der erfindungsgemäße Mauerstein wird aus dieser Masse geformt und anschließend bspw. gebrannt oder hydraulisch abgebunden. The brick according to the invention is formed from this mass and then, for example, fired or hydraulically set.
• ··
Weitere Vorteile sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantages can be found in the subclaims.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Verwendung von Schwerzuschlagstoffen einerseits die s Schalldämmung erhöht, andererseits zwar die Wärmedämmung (zumeist) senkt, aber nicht in einem solchen Ausmaß, wie dieselbe durch den Zusatz von Leichtzuschlagstoffen angehoben wird. Somit kann durch die gleichzeitige Verwendung von Leicht- und Schwerzuschlagstoffen gegenüber der Verwendung eines reinen Tonmaterials sowohl eine Steigerung der Wärmedämmung als auch derIt has been shown that the use of heavy aggregates increases sound insulation on the one hand, but on the other hand (mostly) reduces thermal insulation, but not to the same extent as it is increased by the addition of lightweight aggregates. Thus, the simultaneous use of lightweight and heavy aggregates can increase both thermal insulation and sound insulation compared to the use of pure clay material.
&iacgr;&ogr; Schalldämmung erreicht werden, was gerade für Anlieger von viel befahrenen Straßen nicht unwichtig ist.&iacgr;&ogr; Sound insulation can be achieved, which is particularly important for residents of busy roads.
Besondere Vorteile bietet der Einsatz von mehr als 10 Vol.-% des Bestandteils &khgr; (Leichtzuschlagstoffe) und weniger als 75 Vol.-% desselben, vorzugsweise von weniger als 50 Vol.-%, insbesondere von weniger als 45 Vol.-%.Particular advantages are offered by the use of more than 10 vol.% of the component x (lightweight aggregates) and less than 75 vol.% thereof, preferably less than 50 vol.%, in particular less than 45 vol.%.
Günstig erwiesen hat sich ferner der Einsatz von 3 - 25 Vol.-% des Bestandteils y (Schwerzuschlagstoffe).The use of 3 - 25 vol.% of component y (heavy aggregates) has also proven beneficial.
Durch eine Mindestmenge der Zuschlagstoffe (x + y) von 15 Vol.-% oder mehr: &khgr; + y > 15 Vol.-%, wird erreicht, dass die Steigerung der Wärme- und Schalldämmung den Zusatz der Zuschlagstoffe wirtschaftlich rechtfertigt.By using a minimum amount of additives (x + y) of 15 vol.% or more: x + y > 15 vol.%, the increase in thermal and sound insulation economically justifies the addition of the additives.
Andererseits sollte eine Höchstmenge der Zuschlagstoffe (x + y) von 95 Vol.-% oder weniger eingehalten werden: &khgr; + y < 95 Vol.-%, insbesondere sogar von weniger als 60 Vol.-%: &khgr; + y < 60 Vol.-%. Dadurch ist der Anteil des Bindemittels ausreichend, um eine ausreichende mechanische Stabilität zu gewährleisten.On the other hand, a maximum amount of aggregates (x + y) of 95 vol.% or less should be observed: x + y < 95 vol.%, and in particular even less than 60 vol.%: x + y < 60 vol.%. This means that the proportion of binder is sufficient to ensure adequate mechanical stability.
Als Bestandteil &khgr; sind vorzugsweise Werkstoffe einzusetzen, die beim Erhitzen, insbesondere beim Brennen des Mauersteins, Gas oder Dampf freisetzen, so dass Poren entstehen, die mit Gas oder Dampf gefüllt sind. Auf diesem Weg können bspw. Porenbetonsteine hergestellt werden.As a component &khgr;, materials should preferably be used that release gas or steam when heated, especially when the brick is fired, so that pores are formed that are filled with gas or steam. Aerated concrete blocks, for example, can be produced in this way.
Ferner können als Bestandteil &khgr; Werkstoffe mit einer Schüttrohdichte von 1,0 kg/dm3 oder weniger eingesetzt sein. Solche Leichtzuschlagstoffe können auch ohne chemische Veränderung die Wärmeleitfähigkeit senken, daraus lassen sich bspw. Leichtbetonsteine herstellen.Furthermore, materials with a bulk density of 1.0 kg/dm 3 or less can be used as a component. Such lightweight aggregates can reduce thermal conductivity even without chemical changes; they can be used to make lightweight concrete blocks, for example.
Besonders geeignete Leichtzuschlagstoffe haben eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 0,3 W/(m*K) oder weniger, insbesondere von weniger als 0,15 W/(m*K).Particularly suitable lightweight aggregates have a thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/(m*K) or less, in particular less than 0.15 W/(m*K).
Als Bestandteil &khgr; eignen sich anorganische Werkstoffe, vorzugsweise mit einem &iacgr;&ogr; niedrigen spezifischen Gewicht wie bspw. Kalk, Vulkangesteine (bspw. Perlit), etc. Darüber hinaus lassen sich als Leichtzuschlagstoffe oder Ausbrennstoffe organische Werkstoffe verwenden wie Cellulose, Sägespäne, Papier, etc.Inorganic materials, preferably with a low specific weight, such as lime, volcanic rocks (e.g. perlite), etc. are suitable as components. In addition, organic materials such as cellulose, sawdust, paper, etc. can be used as lightweight aggregates or burnout materials.
Als Schwerzuschlagstoffe dienen vor allem Werkstoffe, die eine Rohdichte von 3,0 kg/dm3 oder mehr aufweisen, vorzugsweise von mehr als 3,3 kg/dm3, insbesondere von mehr als 3,6 kg/dm3. Diesen obliegt es, einem erfindungsgemäßen Mauerstein eine hohe Masse zu verleihen, so dass Schallschwingungen möglichst stark gedämpft werden.Heavy aggregates are primarily materials that have a bulk density of 3.0 kg/dm 3 or more, preferably more than 3.3 kg/dm 3 , in particular more than 3.6 kg/dm 3 . The purpose of these is to give a brick according to the invention a high mass so that sound vibrations are dampened as much as possible.
Als Schwerzuschlagstoff sollte wenigstens ein anorganisches Material eingesetzt sein, vorzugsweise ein Mineral, insbesondere in Form eines Erzes, und/oder vorzugsweise wenigstens eine Verbindung eines Metalles, bspw. Eisen, oder eines Halbmetalls oder von Silizium oder von wenigstens einer Mischung dieser Elemente mit einem oder mehreren Nichtmetallen, beispielsweise mit Sauerstoff.At least one inorganic material should be used as the heavy aggregate, preferably a mineral, in particular in the form of an ore, and/or preferably at least one compound of a metal, for example iron, or of a semi-metal or of silicon or of at least one mixture of these elements with one or more non-metals, for example with oxygen.
Besonders bevorzugt die Erfindung als Schwerzuschlagstoff wenigstens ein Oxid (bspw. Quarz, Quarzsand; Hämatit), ein Hydroxid (bspw. Goethit), Karbonat (bspw. Magnesit), Sulfat (bspw. Baryt), Wolframat (bspw. Scheelit), ferner Sulfid, Arsenid, Antimonid, Halogenid, Nitrat, Borat, Phosphat, Chromat, Molybdat, Arsenat, Vanadat und/oder Silikat.The invention particularly prefers at least one oxide (e.g. quartz, quartz sand; hematite), a hydroxide (e.g. goethite), carbonate (e.g. magnesite), sulfate (e.g. barite), tungstate (e.g. scheelite), furthermore sulfide, arsenide, antimonide, halide, nitrate, borate, phosphate, chromate, molybdate, arsenate, vanadate and/or silicate as heavy aggregate.
Besonders Schwerspat (Baryt BaSO4), oder ein Zwischenprodukt der Schwerspatgewinnung oder -erzeugung zeigt hohe Schalldämmungswerte.Especially barite (baryte BaSO 4 ), or an intermediate product of barite extraction or production, shows high sound insulation values.
•i :•i :
Auch Schwerstein (Scheelit, Tungstein CaWO4), oder ein Zwischenprodukt der Scheelitgewinnung oder -erzeugung hat sich als Schwerzuschlagstoff bewährt.Heavy stone (scheelite, tungstone CaWO 4 ), or an intermediate product of scheelite extraction or production, has also proven to be useful as a heavy aggregate.
v 5 > Auch Sande mit einem entsprechend hohen spezifischen Gwicht, insbesondere Basalt- oder Granitsand, oder ein Zwischenprodukt von deren Aufbereitung, lassen sich als Schwerzuschlagstoffe einsetzen. v 5 > Sands with a correspondingly high specific gravity, in particular basalt or granite sand, or an intermediate product from their processing, can also be used as heavy aggregates.
Ferner sieht die Erfindung die Verwendung von Magnesiumerz vor, insbesondere &iacgr;&ogr; von Magnesit (Bitterspat MgCO3), oder einem Produkt der Magnesitgewinnung.The invention further provides for the use of magnesium ore, in particular magnesite (bitter spar MgCO 3 ), or a product of magnesite extraction.
Geeignete Schwerzuschlagstoffe lassen sich auch unter den Eisenerzen finden, insbesondere in Form des Hämatit (Eisenglanz Fe2O3), llmenit (FeTiO3; isomorph zu (Mn; Mg, Fe)TiO3), Limonit (Brauneisenerz FeO(OH)O H2O), Goethit (Eisenhydroxid a-FeO(OH)) oder einem Zwischenprodukt der Gewinnung und/oder Erzeugung dieser Materialien. Ferner eignen sich Schwertmannit und/oder Jarosit und/oder ein Zwischenprodukt der Gewinnung und/oder Erzeugung dieser Materialien.Suitable heavy aggregates can also be found among iron ores, particularly in the form of hematite (iron galena Fe 2 O 3 ), illmenite (FeTiO 3 ; isomorphous to (Mn; Mg, Fe)TiO 3 ), limonite (brown iron ore FeO(OH)OH 2 O), goethite (iron hydroxide a-FeO(OH)) or an intermediate product from the extraction and/or production of these materials. Schwertmannite and/or jarosite and/or an intermediate product from the extraction and/or production of these materials are also suitable.
Neben reinen Naturprodukten können auch künstlich erzeugte Materialien als Schwerzuschlagstoff Verwendung finden, bspw. Walzzunder aus der Metallverarbeitung und/oder -herstellung.In addition to pure natural products, artificially produced materials can also be used as heavy aggregates, e.g. mill scale from metal processing and/or manufacturing.
Als Bindemittel kommen alle mineralischen Bindemittel in Betracht, insbesondere keramische Bindemittel wie Ton, hydraulische Bindemittel wie Zement, Beton, Kalk, Gips, etc., oder silikatische Bindemittel wie bspw. Wasserglas. Entsprechend findet das Abbinden durch Brennen statt oder durch Trocknen, ggf. bei erhöhter Temperatur und/oder im Autoklaven.All mineral binders can be used as binding agents, in particular ceramic binders such as clay, hydraulic binders such as cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, etc., or silicate binders such as water glass. Accordingly, setting takes place by firing or by drying, if necessary at elevated temperatures and/or in an autoclave.
Auch ggf. vorhandene Füllstoffe sollten vorwiegend mineralischer Natur sein, bspw. in Form von Sand. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Struktur des Mauersteins mit einheitlichem chemischem und physikalischem Verhalten.Any fillers present should also be predominantly mineral in nature, e.g. in the form of sand. This results in a brick structure with uniform chemical and physical behavior.
Schließlich entspricht es der Lehre der Erfindung, dass die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteins gleich oder kleiner ist als 0,14 W/(m*K). Dadurch ist eine für einen Außenwandstein ausreichende Wärmedämmung sichergestellt.Finally, it is in accordance with the teaching of the invention that the thermal conductivity of the brick according to the invention is equal to or less than 0.14 W/(m*K). This ensures sufficient thermal insulation for an external wall brick.
> Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Wirkungen auf der Basis der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.> Further features, details, advantages and effects based on the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
1. Probe 1:1. Sample 1:
Ausgangspunkt der Erfindung war eine reine Tonmischung, wie sie für die Herstellung von Ziegeln üblich ist (x = y = 0 Vol.-%; &zgr; = 100 Vol.-%). Daraus wurden Mauersteine geformt und bei etwa 950 0C gebrannt, und die physikalischen Eigenschaften wurden gemessen und sind in der folgenden Tabelle wiedergegeben.The starting point of the invention was a pure clay mixture, as is usual for the manufacture of bricks (x = y = 0 vol.%; ζ = 100 vol.%). Bricks were formed from this and fired at about 950 0 C, and the physical properties were measured and are shown in the following table.
2. Probe 2:2. Sample 2:
Anschließend wurde eine modifizierte Masse zubereitet, indem der Mischung für die Vergleichsprobe 1 Papierfangstoff als Leichtzuschlagstoff im Verhältnis 1 : 4 beigemengt wurde (x = 20 Vol.-%; y = 0 Vol.-%; &zgr; = 80 Vol.-%). Wieder wurden daraus Mauersteine geformt und gebrannt, und die physikalischen Eigenschaften wurden gemessen und sind in der folgenden Tabelle wiedergegeben.A modified mass was then prepared by adding paper pulp as a lightweight aggregate to the mixture for comparison sample 1 in a ratio of 1:4 (x = 20 vol.%; y = 0 vol.%; ζ = 80 vol.%). Again, bricks were formed and fired from this and the physical properties were measured and are shown in the following table.
3. Probe 3:3. Sample 3:
Daraufhin wurde der Mischung für die Vergleichsprobe 2 Baryt als Schwerzuschlagstoff im Verhältnis 1:10 beigemengt (x = 18 Vol.-%; y = 9 Vol.-%; &zgr; = 73 Vol.-%). Auch davon wurden Mauersteine geformt und gebrannt, und die physikalischen Eigenschaften wurden gemessen und sind in der folgenden Tabelle wiedergegeben.Barite was then added to the mixture for comparison sample 2 as a heavy aggregate in a ratio of 1:10 (x = 18 vol.%; y = 9 vol.%; ζ = 73 vol.%). Bricks were also formed and fired from this mixture and the physical properties were measured and are shown in the following table.
• ♦ ·•♦ ·
• ··
·· &igr;·· &igr;
Man erkennt daraus, dass die erfindungsgemäße Probe 3 sowohl eine größere Scherben-Rohdichte hat als die Probe 1 und damit eine bessere Schalldämmung als diese wie auch eine geringere Wärmeleitfähigkeit und damit eine verbesserte Wärmedämmung. Sie eignet sich daher in besonderem Maße als Außenwandstein für Gebäude an viel befahrenen Straßen, etc.It can be seen from this that sample 3 according to the invention has a higher bulk density than sample 1 and thus better sound insulation than the latter, as well as lower thermal conductivity and thus improved thermal insulation. It is therefore particularly suitable as an external wall block for buildings on busy roads, etc.
Claims (29)
5-95% Leichtzuschlag-, Schäumungs- und/oder Ausbrennstoff(e) (Bestandt. x)
2-30% Schwerzuschlagstoff(e) (Bestandteil y)
Rest Bindemittel und ggf. Füllstoffe (Bestandteil z) 1. Mass for the manufacture of a masonry brick, in particular by firing or hydraulic setting, with the following components (each in vol.%):
5-95% lightweight aggregate, foaming and/or burnout material(s) (Constituent x)
2-30% heavy aggregate(s) (component y)
Remainder binder and possibly fillers (component z)
5-95% Leichtzuschlag-, Schäumungs- und/oder Ausbrennstoff(e) (Bestandt. x)
2-30% Schwerzuschlagstoff(e) (Bestandteil y)
Rest Bindemittel und ggf. Füllstoffe (Bestandteil z) 2. Masonry brick, in particular for external walls, made from a mass containing the following components (each in vol.%):
5-95% lightweight aggregate, foaming and/or burnout material(s) (Constituent x)
2-30% heavy aggregate(s) (component y)
Remainder binder and possibly fillers (component z)
x + y ≥ 15 Vol.-% 6. Mass or brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a minimum amount of the aggregates (x + y) of 15 vol.% or more:
x + y ≥ 15 vol.%
x + y ≤ 95 Vol.-%. 7. Mass or brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a maximum amount of aggregates (x + y) of 95 vol.% or less:
x + y ≤ 95 vol%.
x + y ≤ 60 Vol.-%. 8. Mass or brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a maximum amount of aggregates (x + y) of 60 vol.% or less:
x + y ≤ 60 vol%.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20307429U DE20307429U1 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2003-05-12 | brick |
| DE102004023741A DE102004023741B4 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2004-05-11 | Brick, mass and method of making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20307429U DE20307429U1 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2003-05-12 | brick |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE20307429U1 true DE20307429U1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
Family
ID=27740916
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20307429U Expired - Lifetime DE20307429U1 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2003-05-12 | brick |
| DE102004023741A Expired - Fee Related DE102004023741B4 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2004-05-11 | Brick, mass and method of making the same |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004023741A Expired - Fee Related DE102004023741B4 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2004-05-11 | Brick, mass and method of making the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| DE (2) | DE20307429U1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1596018A2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-16 | Ullermann, Klaus | Building block , compound and method of making |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH484010A (en) | 1966-07-29 | 1970-01-15 | Anton Dipl Ing Koch | Artificial heavy aggregate for mixtures, in particular concrete mixes for the production of building elements and structures, method for the production thereof and use of the heavy aggregate |
| DE3926123A1 (en) | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-14 | Lorenz Kesting | Large thermally insulating structural cement concrete building block - contains porous lightweight aggregate, reinforcing fibres, polystyrene foam an flow aid |
| DE4410437A1 (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-16 | Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk | Prefabricated chimney |
| DE4339916A1 (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-24 | Bertran Oriol Armengou | Material for making sound-proof building parts |
| DE19706492A1 (en) | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziege | Porous brick for statically loaded brickwork |
| DE19702254A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik | Highly porous moulding especially light construction block |
| DE19805379A1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-08-12 | Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik | Method for producing bricks with a high heat insulation effect and a low water vapor diffusion resistance factor |
| DE10028508A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-13 | Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetr | Lightweight concrete used in the production of building bricks and wall elements comprises a porous binder matrix based on a binder and particles of a finely ground mineral open pore light aggregate to introduce pores into the matrix |
| DE10111016C2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2003-02-27 | Helmut Horn | Building material mix and its use |
| DE10116141A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-27 | Liapor Gmbh & Co Kg | Making highly-porous object from e.g. bulk wastes, first saturates porous granules of inorganic material with binder, then solidifies molding using microwaves |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3244765A1 (en) * | 1982-12-03 | 1984-06-07 | Manfred 4630 Bochum Ackermann | FOAM CONCRETE STONE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| ES2078083T3 (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1995-12-01 | Raimund Rimmele | LIGHT MULTIPLE HOLE BRICK. |
-
2003
- 2003-05-12 DE DE20307429U patent/DE20307429U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-05-11 DE DE102004023741A patent/DE102004023741B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH484010A (en) | 1966-07-29 | 1970-01-15 | Anton Dipl Ing Koch | Artificial heavy aggregate for mixtures, in particular concrete mixes for the production of building elements and structures, method for the production thereof and use of the heavy aggregate |
| DE3926123A1 (en) | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-14 | Lorenz Kesting | Large thermally insulating structural cement concrete building block - contains porous lightweight aggregate, reinforcing fibres, polystyrene foam an flow aid |
| DE4410437A1 (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-16 | Karl Heinz Vahlbrauk | Prefabricated chimney |
| DE4339916A1 (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-24 | Bertran Oriol Armengou | Material for making sound-proof building parts |
| DE19706492A1 (en) | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-21 | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziege | Porous brick for statically loaded brickwork |
| DE19702254A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik | Highly porous moulding especially light construction block |
| DE19805379A1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-08-12 | Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik | Method for producing bricks with a high heat insulation effect and a low water vapor diffusion resistance factor |
| DE10028508A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-13 | Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetr | Lightweight concrete used in the production of building bricks and wall elements comprises a porous binder matrix based on a binder and particles of a finely ground mineral open pore light aggregate to introduce pores into the matrix |
| DE10111016C2 (en) | 2001-03-07 | 2003-02-27 | Helmut Horn | Building material mix and its use |
| DE10116141A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-27 | Liapor Gmbh & Co Kg | Making highly-porous object from e.g. bulk wastes, first saturates porous granules of inorganic material with binder, then solidifies molding using microwaves |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1596018A2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-16 | Ullermann, Klaus | Building block , compound and method of making |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004023741B4 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| DE102004023741A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
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