DE202022105614U1 - Hydraulic stone splitter - Google Patents

Abstract

Stone splitter (1), with a storage table (11), which is intended for receiving a stone (36) to be split, and with a height-adjustable cutting edge (14), as well as an abutment (8) opposite the cutting edge (14), the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8) are arranged one above the other in such a way that they receive a stone (36) lying on the storage table (11) between them, and the vertical distance between the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8) by means of a hydraulic drive can be selectively reduced,and wherein the height-adjustable cutting edge (14) can initially be moved during use over a distance referred to as the idle stroke until the stone (36) rests against both the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8),and wherein the cutting edge (14) can be moved during use after the idle stroke over a distance referred to as the splitting stroke, during which splitting stroke the cutting edge (14) and/or the abutment (8) penetrates the stone (36), characterized in that the H hydraulic drive of the cutting edge (14) has at least two hydraulic cylinder units, each cylinder unit having a cylinder and a piston (27, 28) movable therein, and the cylinder units being hydraulically controlled in such a way that the cutting edge (14) during Idle stroke is driven by means of a smaller hydraulically effective area than during the gap stroke.

Description

The invention relates to a hydraulic stone splitter according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the DE 18 77 434 U , which forms the closest prior art, a generic hydraulic stone splitter is known. With the help of hydraulic cylinders, the distance between the cutting edge and the abutment can first be reduced in the idle stroke and then in the splitting stroke, so that regularly shaped, eg industrially produced stones such as e.g. B. stone slabs, especially paving slabs, can be split. A cutter bar, which has a knife burr on its underside, can be lowered hydraulically against the action of return springs, the abutment underneath also being designed as a knife, which is held firmly in the frame of the device. The hydraulic pressure is applied by means of the lever of a manual hydraulic system known per se.

From the DE 198 42 670 C1 and the EP 0 976 513 A1 is a generic hydraulic stone splitter for regularly shaped, e.g. industrially produced stones, which does not have a hydraulic cylinder, but in which the pressure generator consists of a fully closed, elongated, hydraulically inflatable plastic shell that has a connection for supplying pressure oil. This stone splitter therefore requires an additional external device that provides the pressure oil.

Also from the DE 34 16 957 A1 a generic hydraulic stone splitter is known. This is used to split or break up rock or blocks of rock. It has two downhole thrust jaws which slidably receive a hydraulically movable sliding wedge between them. Be pushed apart by driving in the wedge, so that the block of rock is blown up.

The object of the invention is to improve a generic hydraulic stone splitter in such a way that it enables quick and uncomplicated handling.

This problem is solved by a hydraulic stone splitter with the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations are described in the dependent claims.

Within the framework of the present proposal, the cutting edge is always referred to as the mobile cutting element driven by the cylinder units, regardless of whether it is above or below the stone. The firmly mounted or at least fixed element, which is arranged opposite the cutting edge on the other side of the stone, is always referred to as an abutment. For example, the abutment can also be movable, in that it enables a basic setting of the distance to the cutting edge and can be adjusted to achieve different distances, e.g. to adapt to the thickness of the type of stone to be processed. If the respective basic setting has been made and the abutment has been set appropriately, it remains in this basic setting and is therefore fixed at this location until the next time the basic setting is changed.

The at least two cylinder units offer the possibility of making hydraulic surfaces of different sizes effective. This embodiment can be implemented regardless of how the hydraulic pump of the stone splitter is powered, e.g. B. on accumulators, especially removable batteries, by connecting to a power grid, or non-electrically such. B. via an internal combustion engine or by a manual pump drive z. B. by means of a pivoting lever. In view of the presence of at least two cylinder units, the invention proposes that, by means of a small hydraulically effective area, a path referred to as play or idle stroke can be covered quickly until the cutting edge and the abutment are in contact with the stone to be split. The idle stroke, for example, overcomes the path until an upper separating element designed as a movable cutting edge or as a fixed abutment rests against the upper side of the block. The stone lies on the storage table of the stone splitter, with a second separating element below the top of the table, which, depending on the direction in which the cutting edge can be moved to effect the splitting, can be designed as a fixed abutment complementary to the movable cutting edge, or which the can form height-adjustable cutting edge, which can interact with an immovably fixed abutment provided above the stone. The further movement of the cutting edge is then referred to as a splitting stroke, because the cutting edge and/or the abutment penetrates the stone in this way, so that the stone is split. While the idle stroke is usually 5 mm or more, the gap stroke is significantly less and is only 1 to 2 mm, for example.

If the entire volume flow of hydraulic fluid delivered by the hydraulic pump is delivered to a first, comparatively smaller, hydraulically effective surface, namely to a cylinder unit or to a plurality of cylinder units, the corresponding hydraulic ones move Elements, namely the piston of a cylinder unit or the piston of several cylinder units, comparatively quickly. If, during the splitting stroke, the volume flow of the hydraulic fluid is then conveyed to a second hydraulically effective surface, which is larger than the first surface, the corresponding hydraulic elements, namely the piston of a single cylinder unit or the pistons of several cylinder units, move more slowly compared to the idle stroke , but act on the stone with a greater force, so that it can be reliably split.

In one embodiment, the cylinder units have cylinders of the same size. During the idle stroke, the hydraulic fluid is not supplied to all cylinder units, and during the splitting stroke, the hydraulic fluid is supplied to a larger number of cylinder units, particularly advantageously to all cylinder units.

In one embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder units are not of the same design, but instead have two cross-sectional areas of different sizes, as result, for example, from different-sized diameters of circular hydraulic cylinders or the circular hydraulic pistons guided therein. In this case, the stone splitter has at least one so-called small cylinder unit and at least one so-called large cylinder unit. During the idle stroke, the hydraulic fluid is only supplied to the one or more small cylinder units, and during the nip stroke, the hydraulic fluid is only supplied to the one or more larger cylinder units.

In one embodiment, the two measures mentioned above are combined: the stone splitter has cylinder units of different sizes. During the idle stroke, the hydraulic fluid is only supplied to the one or more small cylinder units, and during the splitting stroke, the hydraulic fluid is additionally supplied to the one or more larger cylinder units as well. Firstly, during the splitting stroke, this results in a particularly even distribution of force over the length of the cutting edge, because all cylinder units are activated. Secondly, this enables an economical design of the stone splitter, because not only the one or more larger cylinder units contribute to achieving a certain splitting force, but also the one or more smaller cylinder units, so that the one or more larger cylinder units can be correspondingly smaller in size .

In particular, in order to avoid tilting of the cutting edge, the cylinder units can be arranged symmetrically in such a way that the hydraulic force, seen over the length of the cutting edge, acts symmetrically on the cutting edge both during the idle stroke and during the splitting stroke. For example, there may be two outer cylinder units and one or more middle cylinder units in between. If the stone splitter has cylinder units of different sizes, the two outer cylinder units are advantageously of the same type, i.e. either both small or both large.

In the following, the small and the large hydraulically effective area are often mentioned, or in short the small and the large area. The respective area is determined by the cross-sectional area of the pistons of the respective hydraulically controlled cylinder units, it being possible for the small and the large hydraulically effective area to be created by a single cylinder unit or by two or more cylinder units. When a piston is mentioned in the following explanation, this does not have to be limited to a single piston or a single cylinder unit, but can also include two or more pistons or cylinder units.

The two differently sized hydraulically active areas that are used during the idle stroke and during the gap stroke can be designed, for example, so that the speed at which the piston moves the small area is several times as large, z. B. twice as large, particularly advantageously even about four to five times as large as the speed at which the piston moves the large area. For working with the stone splitter according to the invention, this means rapid work progress, so that a high work output is made possible, since the time between two splitting strokes can be kept as short as possible.

The splitting stroke requires more power than the idle stroke. This greater force is provided by the large surface, so that the stone lying on the storage table, against which the cutting edge and the abutment rest after overcoming the idle stroke, can now be split. This also takes place in a short time, since the comparatively short distance required for the gap stroke can also be covered in a short time given the comparatively slower movement of the piston.

For the person who operates the stone splitter, the combination of quickly overcoming the idle stroke and subsequent powerful splitting stroke makes it easier to operate the stone splitter, because the person can better adapt the way of working to their own needs and determine the work progress themselves, because the proportion of the work time is shortened, which is otherwise inevitably required to wait for the idle stroke.

• Die Hydraulikpumpe und ihr elektrischer Antriebsmotor können angesichts der unterschiedlich großen hydraulisch wirksamen Flächen vergleichsweise klein dimensioniert sein. Es ist nicht erforderlich, einen großen hydraulischen Volumenstrom und gleichzeitig die Erzeugung eines hohen hydraulischen Drucks zu ermöglichen. Vielmehr reicht ein vergleichsweise geringer hydraulischer Volumenstrom aus, um für die kleine Fläche den Kolben schnell einen vergleichsweise großen Weg zurücklegen zu lassen, und für den anschließenden Spalthub, der maßgeblich durch die große Fläche bewirkt wird, reicht ein vergleichsweise geringer Weg aus, so dass in beiden Fällen die Kolben der jeweils hydraulisch angesteuerten Zylindereinheiten mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Volumen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit den jeweils vorgesehenen Weg des Leerhubs bzw. des Spalthubs zurücklegen können.

The two different hydraulically effective surfaces also have a twofold beneficial effect on the design of the stone splitter:

• The hydraulic pump and its electric drive motor can be dimensioned comparatively small in view of the differently sized hydraulically effective surfaces. It is not necessary to allow a large hydraulic volume flow and at the same time the generation of a high hydraulic pressure. Rather, a comparatively low hydraulic volume flow is sufficient to allow the piston to quickly cover a comparatively large distance for the small area, and a comparatively small distance is sufficient for the subsequent splitting stroke, which is largely caused by the large area, so that in In both cases, the pistons of the respective hydraulically controlled cylinder units can cover the intended path of the idle stroke or the splitting stroke with a comparatively small volume of hydraulic fluid.

In one embodiment, the stone splitter has an electrical energy store for supplying energy to the hydraulic pump, so that the stone splitter can be operated from a power grid connection regardless of location. Compared to using a vehicle battery, e.g. B. a lead-acid battery in the form of a starter battery of a car, a much smaller and lighter battery is proposed, so that the stone splitter can be handled much easier and faster, for example, can be moved to adapt to progressive paving work, so that it is always in optimal condition accessible in the vicinity of the person carrying out the paving work. It is provided that the energy store is designed as a commercially available system exchangeable battery that can be used for hand-held tools and is arranged in the stone splitter so that it can be exchanged. Such hand-held tools can be, for example, industrial tools such as drills, cordless screwdrivers or cut-off saws, or garden tools such as hedge trimmers, rainwater pumps or the like.

So-called tool families are known from practice, for example, in which several different tools from one manufacturer can be operated with the same—and consequently even with the same—battery. One and the same battery can be taken from one tool to another in such a family, since all tools in this family have the same housing for holding the battery. Not every machine in the same tool family requires its own individual battery. Going beyond such a tool family from a single manufacturer, it is also known that the batteries can be used across manufacturers within so-called alliances: in practice, e.g. For example, the "Cordless Alliance System (CAS)" based on the battery technology of the tool manufacturer Metabo, or the "Power for All Alliance", in which the manufacturer Bosch is involved, among others. Accordingly, exchangeable batteries of these two alliances are widespread.

• • mechanisch ist die Aufnahme so gestaltet, dass ihre Geometrie es ermöglicht, den Wechselakku in die Aufnahme einzuführen,
• • die Aufnahme kann, was als besonders vorteilhaft angesehen wird, Rastelemente aufweisen, die zur Herstellung einer eventuell vorgesehenen Rastverbindung mit dem Wechselakku dienen, um diesen auch bei auf den Steinspalter einwirkenden Stößen oder Vibrationen sicher in der Aufnahme zu halten,
• • auch elektrisch ist die Aufnahme hinsichtlich der Lage und der Anzahl der elektrischen Kontakte an den jeweiligen Akkutyp angepasst.

In one embodiment of the stone splitter, it has a universal interface so that one of several different manufacturer-specific or alliance-specific receiving modules that can be provided by the manufacturer of the stone splitter can be mechanically and electrically connected to this interface. On the other hand, the receiving module has the respective mount for the exchangeable battery, the area of the receiving module that serves as a holder for the exchangeable battery being referred to as the mount, and the mount being adapted to the respective battery type:

• • mechanically, the mount is designed in such a way that its geometry makes it possible to insert the replaceable battery into the mount,
• • The holder can, which is considered to be particularly advantageous, have latching elements which are used to produce a possibly provided latching connection with the replaceable battery, in order to hold it securely in the holder even in the event of impacts or vibrations acting on the stone splitter,
• • Electrically, too, the mount is adapted to the respective battery type with regard to the position and number of electrical contacts.

Depending on the customer's requirements, the stone splitter can be equipped with a suitable recording module at the factory using the universal interface, which is matched to the exchangeable batteries used by the customer. Or the stone splitter can be sold without a mounting module mounted in it, so that the customer selects the mounting module suitable for his purposes from several different mounting modules and mounts it himself or has it mounted when purchasing the stone splitter.

As a result, the fact that the stone splitter enables the use of exchangeable batteries means that in many cases it is not necessary to purchase a separate battery for the stone splitter if the respective company already has one a suitable battery is available. In this way, the investment costs for the hydraulic stone splitter can be kept as low as possible. In particular, it is known from practice that several batteries of a tool family are used anyway, either to be able to use different tools at the same time, or to be able to achieve the longest possible service life when using a specific tool by replacing a used one with a fresh one in good time , charged battery is replaced. In the same way, changing the battery can also ensure the stone switch's service life for a full working day.

Due to the fact that, due to the smaller hydraulically effective area, a smaller hydraulic pump volume is required to overcome the idle stroke than subsequently for the splitting stroke, the hydraulic pump of the idle stroke has to perform less accordingly than if the larger hydraulically effective area were already effective during the idle stroke. This supports the possibility of being able to use an accumulator in the form of an exchangeable battery that is small in terms of dimensions, weight and capacity.

The possibility of being able to use components with comparatively small dimensions opens up the possibility of using inexpensive, commercially available components, so that the stone splitter can be manufactured in a particularly economical and cost-effective manner. In addition, the weight of the stone splitter can be kept as low as possible. Compared to hydraulic stone splitters that rely on an external hydraulic unit to provide pressurized oil, the stone splitter according to the invention can be transported and handled in a similar way to an exclusively mechanical, hand-operated stone splitter, so that it significantly simplifies compared to such a manually operated stone splitter Offers operation and requires significantly less effort from the respective operator.

The already mentioned, comparatively small dimensioned components that are required for the hydraulic circuit, in particular the electrically driven hydraulic pump, require a comparatively low electrical drive power.

In an embodiment of the stone splitter with at least three cylinder units, at least one cylinder unit is arranged between two outer cylinder units. While the two outer cylinder units create a small hydraulically effective area and ensure a straight, tilt-free movement of the cutting edge during the idle stroke, the at least one large cylinder unit in the middle area of the cutting edge, possibly together with the two outer cylinder units, causes the larger hydraulically effective one Surface. In order to avoid unwanted tilting of the cutting edge, it is customary in the trade to place the stone to be split on the storage table in the middle of the cutting edge, based on the length of the cutting edge. Accordingly, the cylinder unit, which is arranged in the middle between the two small cylinder units, ensures that the blade acts on the stone with an optimal, direct pressure transmission, since it is not offset from the stone. Alternatively, the small hydraulically effective area can be created between the two outer cylinder units

In an embodiment considered to be advantageous, four cylinder units can be arranged distributed over the length of the cutting edge. The number of four cylinder units represents a compromise between, on the one hand, an inexpensive, lightweight and reliable design of the stone splitter by using as few components as possible and, accordingly, the lowest possible probability of leaks in the hydraulic system, and, on the other hand, generating the highest possible splitting force and generating pressure that is distributed as evenly as possible over the length of the blade, particularly in the central area where the stones are typically placed. For example, two middle cylinder units as so-called large cylinder units can have larger piston cross sections than two outer, so-called small cylinder units. The use of two middle, especially large cylinder units instead of just one middle cylinder unit firstly enables the application of particularly high splitting forces and secondly causes the desired direct pressure effect on the stone, even with larger stone formats, so that the stone can be split as reliably as possible along the planned, through the Cutting specific split line can be done.

In a manner known per se, the stone splitter can be designed in such a way that the cutting edge is arranged above the abutment and is lowered onto the stone from above. In an embodiment considered to be advantageous, however, it can be provided that the cutting edge is arranged below the abutment and is raised hydraulically until the stone is pressed against the abutment located above and the idle stroke has ended. A further upward movement of the cutting edge then represents the splitting stroke. This design of the drive of the cutting edge supports particularly low-interference and low-wear operation of the stone splitter: the hydraulic drive is included Lich of the cylinder units is arranged below the stone to be split and below the cutting edge; it can be covered at the top by a cover cap. In contrast to a cutting edge that is pressed down hydraulically, in which the cylinders are arranged above the cutting edge, the moving elements of the hydraulic drive are better protected against contamination from precipitation, dust and the like. Dirt loads of this kind, which are unavoidable on construction sites, are kept away from the moving elements of the hydraulic drive by the aforementioned cover cap and the cutting edge, like a rain hood. In particular, if a sprinkling or spray mist is also used during operation of the stone splitter, e.g. with water droplets, in order to reliably bind even the small amounts of stone dust produced during splitting, these dusts are discharged downwards together with the water without being suspended as suspended matter in the To be able to get air to the moving elements of the hydraulic drive.

If the use of hydraulically effective surfaces of different sizes is intended for the idle stroke on the one hand and the working or splitting stroke on the other, an advantageous embodiment of the stone splitter can consist in the flow path of the hydraulic fluid being switched automatically between the idle stroke and the working stroke by the hydraulic fluid is guided through different flow channels or channel sections in such a way that a larger hydraulically effective piston area of the cylinder units is used during the working stroke than during the idle stroke. This can be achieved by means of piston diameters of different sizes and/or by different numbers of hydraulically effective pistons. With the lowest possible drive energy, a quick adjustment of the cutting edge in the idle stroke can be combined with a high available splitting force in the working stroke. This configuration is therefore particularly suitable when using batteries or accumulators to supply energy to the stone splitter, and it supports the use of accumulators with a comparatively small electrical capacity.

With the automatic switchover in the hydraulic circuit, the hydraulic fluid is automatically distributed between different cylinder units, for example between cylinder units of the same size or between the small and large cylinder units mentioned: if only the idle stroke has to be overcome first, the force generated in the small cylinder unit is sufficient to move the blade. When the idle stroke is complete, this force is not sufficient to allow the cutting edge to penetrate the stone. The hydraulic oil that continues to be pumped does not lead to any further movement of the small piston worth mentioning, rather the hydraulic pressure in the large cylinder unit now causes a significantly greater force due to its larger cross-sectional area, which acts on the stone via the cutting edge, so that the cutting edge is now in can penetrate the stone and split the stone.

In a similar way, the hydraulically effective area is also increased if the cylinder units are of the same size and the hydraulic fluid is not initially supplied to all of the cylinder units in order to overcome the idle stroke. Since the amount of hydraulic fluid delivered by the pump is initially only supplied to a portion of the cylinder units, this results in a comparatively large distance over which the pistons of these cylinder units are moved in a correspondingly short time until the cutting edge is in contact with the stone. The pressure in the hydraulic system then increases due to the resistance, so that a flow channel to one or more further cylinder units can be opened automatically by means of a pressure-dependent switching valve. The hydraulic fluid now flows into a larger number of cylinder units, so that the adjustment travel of the pistons is reduced, but the force with which the cylinder units press the blade against the stone is increased, so that the blade now penetrates the stone and the can split stone.

When using four cylinder units of the same size, for example, the two outer cylinder units can be supplied with hydraulic fluid to overcome the idle stroke in order to move the cutting edge without tilting in the manner of a parallel displacement. The two cylinder units in the middle are then also supplied with hydraulic fluid, so that the blade can now be moved at half the speed and twice the power.

In an embodiment considered to be advantageous, the stone splitter has a hydraulic switchover valve, so that the hydraulic fluid is supplied to the various cylinder units in a targeted manner, depending on the position of the switchover valve. This does not necessarily require an electronic control, but the changeover valve can be controlled automatically by the pressure conditions in the hydraulic circuit. The changeover valve is designed as a pressure relief valve and is arranged in the hydraulic circuit in such a way that, in a first position that is initially assumed, it enables a fluid flow of hydraulic fluid to a first, small, hydraulically effective area. As soon as the pressure in the hydraulic system increases, as is the case automatically when the idle stroke is overcome, this pressure increases automatically moves the switching valve to a second position in which hydraulic fluid flow communication is established with the large area.

In one embodiment, the stone splitter can be actuated in order to trigger the movement of the cutting edge by a manually actuated switch which can assume two different switch positions: when the switch is at rest it assumes a first switch position and when the switch is actuated it assumes a second switch position on. After the switch has been actuated, the switch either returns automatically to its initial position, ie resumes its first switching position, or it is returned to this first switching position by actuating the switch again. The switch can either be designed as a latching switch that maintains its respective first or second switch position, or it can be designed as a button that automatically assumes its first switch position, only maintains the second switch position for the duration of its actuation, and after actuation automatically returns to its first switching position. The switch is connected to the hydraulic pump of the stone splitter and controls the hydraulic pump in such a way that hydraulic fluid is driven by the hydraulic pump and flows in a first flow direction when the switch is in its second switching position. The hydraulic fluid flow direction is automatically reversed when the switch is in its first position and the hydraulic pump is running in reverse.

This design of the stone splitter has the effect, for example, that the pistons are extended from the hydraulic cylinders when the switch assumes its second switching position, so that the pistons of the cylinder units can be supported on a housing, a frame or on a base of the stone splitter and the cutting edge can move relative to this support. In the first switching position of the switch, not only is the hydraulic pressure acting on the pistons reduced, but the flow reversal creates a veritable negative pressure, so that the pistons are pulled back into their respective starting position. Therefore, either return springs can be used for the pistons, which are comparatively weak because they are supported by the negative pressure effect in the hydraulic system, or such return springs can even be dispensed with. Therefore, only a correspondingly small - or no - restoring spring force has to be hydraulically overcome when the cutting edge is hydraulically guided against and into the stone. The fact that comparatively little electrical energy is required during the idle stroke and the splitting stroke reduces the energy requirement of the stone splitter and supports the use of an electrical energy store with only a small capacity.

In one embodiment, the switch can be attached to the stone splitter itself. In another embodiment, the switch can be arranged on a separate unit, such as a remote control, in the form of a touch display on a mobile phone or the like, in order to prevent unauthorized persons from operating the switch as far as possible.

In one embodiment of the stone splitter, the reversal of the flow direction described above can take place in that the direction of rotation of the hydraulic pump is reversed depending on the switching position of the switch. Instead of a complex hydraulic valve circuit, however, this can be achieved by a simple electrical control of the hydraulic pump, which supports the most cost-effective design of the stone splitter.

The blade is movable between a rest position and a work position. In the rest position, it is at a greater distance from the abutment than in the working position, so that in the rest position a stone can be placed on the storage table between the cutting edge and the abutment. In one embodiment, the stone splitter has a rest sensor that detects the presence of the cutting edge in its rest position. The rest sensor is connected to the aforementioned controller for transmitting its sensor signals, and the controller is designed in such a way that it automatically switches off the hydraulic pump when the switch is in the second switching position and the rest sensor signals the presence of the cutting edge in the rest position. In this way, the energy requirement of the stone splitter is reduced and the duty cycle of the hydraulic pump is kept as short as possible.

In one embodiment, the stone splitter has a spring that urges the piston of the large hydraulically effective area into a position in which it tends to bring the cutting edge closer to the abutment, for example by extending the piston from the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder unit. When the cutting edge is moved using the small hydraulically effective area to bridge the idle stroke, the piston of the large cylinder unit is automatically adjusted by the spring. Furthermore, it is provided in this connection that the cylinder unit of the large area is connected to a tank containing hydraulic fluid, so that when the large piston is extended during the idle stroke, no empty volume is created in the cylinder unit of the large area, but hydraulic fluid is immediately fed in. the The power of the hydraulic pump is only used to control the small area, while the cylinder unit for the large area is supplied with hydraulic fluid from the tank without pressure during the idle stroke. Firstly, by avoiding the void volume, the movement of the small cylinder unit is not impeded, which would otherwise have to work against a corresponding negative pressure in the form of the void volume. And secondly, a time-saving operation of the stone splitter is supported, since the pressure on the large area for generating the splitting stroke can be built up immediately after the end of the idle stroke, without first having to move the piston of the large area into the appropriate position after the end of the idle stroke.

In one embodiment, the stone splitter can have a hydraulic block that contains a number of components of the hydraulic system so that they are combined in a compact manner. The pistons of the cylinder units are movably guided in the hydraulic block. A first supply line runs through the hydraulic block to at least one cylinder unit in order to supply the small hydraulically effective area with hydraulic fluid. This first supply line is filled with hydraulic fluid and connected to the hydraulic pump, so that the piston of the small area can be extended—or retracted when the pumping direction is reversed—by means of the hydraulic pump. A second supply line provides a connection from the hydraulic pump to at least one cylinder unit in order to supply the large hydraulically effective area with hydraulic fluid.

In one embodiment, the two supply lines are connected to one another by a connecting channel, with the connecting channel being able to be opened or closed as desired: a pressure relief valve is arranged between the first and the second supply line. In its closed position, the connecting channel is closed and the connection between the two supply lines is thus interrupted. The valve body of the pressure relief valve is only moved out of this closed position, so that the pressure relief valve assumes an open position, when a certain pressure that prevails in the first supply line is exceeded. More cylinder units are now supplied with hydraulic fluid from the pump via the connecting channel than before during the idle stroke.

The pressure relief valve is held in this open position, for example by the movable valve body being held in its position magnetically. After a stone is split, the pressure in the hydraulic system drops and may not be sufficient to overcome the spring force pressing against the valve body and urging the relief valve to its closed position. However, since the pressure relief valve is held in its open position magnetically, the hydraulic oil from the large cylinder can flow back into a hydraulic tank, so that the piston that has been extended out of the hydroblock can move back into the hydroblock.

If, as already explained above, it is provided that the cutting edge is raised from its rest position to its working position, the hydraulic block moves downwards accordingly after the stone has been split. Apart from the force of gravity acting on the hydraulic block, this movement can be hydraulically assisted by changing the pumping direction and actively drawing the pistons into the cylinder unit in this way. In addition, this movement can be supported mechanically by spring force, by means of which the hydraulic block is pressed down.

In one embodiment, the hydraulic block is mounted such that it can move vertically and carries the cutting edge at the top. In this configuration, the pistons can be extended downwards out of the hydraulic block. This corresponds to the advantageous embodiment mentioned above, in which the hydraulic block acts like the cover cap mentioned, which covers the movable elements of the hydraulic cylinder units at the top and protects them from the ingress of dirt.

A particularly economical production of the stone splitter is supported by the switching valve mentioned being designed as a commercially available pressure sequence valve. The pressure sequence valve is used to automatically switch the different flow paths depending on the pressure, namely to open or block them as desired. Compared to making the switching valve from special parts in order to achieve the desired switching function, the use of a commercially available pressure sequence valve firstly allows a lower material price of the components required for the stone splitter, e.g. B. for its hydroblock, are required. Secondly, the number of components to be assembled in the manufacture of the stone splitter is reduced since the sequence valve can be handled as a single component rather than having to handle a plurality of individual elements which together enable the same function as the sequence valve.

In one embodiment, the stone splitter has an electronic controller which, among other things, can monitor various parameters of the stone splitter and can thus contribute to the early detection of malfunctions, wear and tear and leaks. For example, the power consumption of the Hydraulic pump are monitored, or the pressure in the hydraulic system or the current position of moving components of the stone splitter are detected and evaluated by sensors. The control can also be used to switch the hydraulic pump on or off, e.g. B. by interrupting or restoring the electrical power supply to the pump. The controller can also be used to change the delivery direction of the hydraulic pump, e.g. B. by reversing the electrical connections. The controller can also be used to reverse valves and thus influence the flow path of the hydraulic fluid in order to control different cylinder units in this way or—instead of reversing the pumping direction—to cause the cylinder units to be filled or emptied.

In another embodiment, the stone splitter also has a controller and the same operation of the stone splitter can be achieved but without an electronic controller. In this embodiment, the functions of the stone splitter are controlled by suitable electrical wiring of the hydraulic pump, as will be explained later with reference to an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings. The hydraulic pump can be started, for example, by actuating a switch, so that the hydraulic fluid is conveyed in a first flow direction, the cylinder units are filled with hydraulic fluid and the cutting edge is guided against and into the stone. When the switch is released, the polarity of the electrical connection of the hydraulic pump is reversed so that the hydraulic fluid flows in reverse, the cylinder units are emptied and the blade is returned to its home or rest position. As soon as the cutting edge reaches this position, a rest sensor is activated, which interrupts the electrical connection to the hydraulic pump. If it is also intended to use hydraulically effective areas of different sizes for the idle stroke and for the splitting stroke, this can also be achieved without electronic control by means of a suitable hydraulic switchover valve.

In the latter embodiment, in which the stone splitter is controlled without an electronic controller, after the work cycle described, a next work cycle of the stone splitter is started by the next actuation of the switch. A first advantage of this configuration is that between two work cycles the electrical energy consumption of the stone splitter is zero and something like a stand-by operation is not required. A second advantage is that the components used, such as the electrical switch and the rest sensor, can be designed to be more robust than a printed circuit board or similar components of an electronic controller, so that the stone splitter is particularly immune to any faults.

The differently sized hydraulically effective surfaces are used on the one hand for fast idle strokes and on the other hand for powerful splitting strokes. Therefore, two differently sized hydraulically effective areas are mentioned. If necessary, more than two hydraulically effective areas of different sizes can be created by the structural design of the stone splitter, in particular its hydraulic system, for example if the individual cylinder units are activated one after the other and the hydraulically effective area is gradually increased step by step. It is essential that a smaller hydraulically effective area is used during the idle stroke than during the splitting stroke. The switching process can begin before the idle stroke has ended, so that the majority of the idle stroke takes place at the advantageously high speed.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Steinspalters,
• 2 einen Vertikalschnitt in Längsrichtung durch den Steinspalter von 1,
• 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf einen Hydroblock samt Schneide,
• 4 die Baugruppe von 3 in auseinandergezogener Darstellung,
• 5 eine schematische Abfolge in drei Schritten, wie ein Stein gespalten wird, mit Darstellung der Schneide und des Widerlagers des Steinspalters,
• 6 einen Vertikalschnitt in Längsrichtung durch den Hydroblock,
• 7 eine Stirnansicht auf den Hydroblock,
• 8 einen Vertikalschnitt quer durch ein Umschaltventil im Hydroblock, in zwei unterschiedlichen Schaltstellungen,
• 9 einen Vertikalschnitt in Längsrichtung durch den Hydroblock in einer anderen Ebene als 6,
• 10 eine Ansicht auf die Längsseite der Baugruppe von 3, und die
• 11 bis 15 Ansichten eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Hydroblocks, mit einem als Druckfolgeventil ausgestalteten Umschaltventil.

Exemplary embodiments of stone splitters according to the invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of the purely schematic representations. while showing

• 1 a perspective view of a first embodiment of a stone splitter,
• 2 a longitudinal vertical section through the stone cleaver from 1 ,
• 3 a perspective view of a hydroblock including cutting edge,
• 4 the assembly of 3 in exploded view,
• 5 a schematic sequence in three steps of how a stone is split, showing the cutting edge and the abutment of the stone splitter,
• 6 a longitudinal vertical section through the hydroblock,
• 7 a front view of the hydroblock,
• 8th a vertical section through a changeover valve in the hydraulic block, in two different switching positions,
• 9 a longitudinal vertical section through the hydroblock in a different plane than 6 ,
• 10 a view of the long side of the assembly of 3 , and the
• 11 until 15 Views of a second embodiment of a hydraulic block, with a switchover valve configured as a pressure sequence valve.

In 1 a stone splitter 1 is shown in perspective. The stone splitter 1 has a housing 2 with a chassis, which has two rigid wheels 3 and two steerable rollers 4, and with four guide handles 5. The housing 2 encloses a central opening 6 and widens below the opening 6 to form a base 7.

From above, an abutment 8 protrudes into the opening 6, which is designed as a horizontally oriented, elongated separating element and is exchangeably mounted on a holder 9 that can be adjusted in height. The holder 9 together with the abutment 8 is adjusted by means of a handwheel 10.

In the breakthrough 6, a storage table 11 is arranged vertically movable below the abutment 8. The support table 11 has two separate wings 12 between which runs a cutting edge 14 which, like the abutment 8 , is designed as a horizontally aligned, elongated and exchangeable separating element and runs precisely aligned below the abutment 8 .

A stone can be placed on the storage table 11 in the opening 6 so that it is located between the cutting edge 14 and the abutment 8 . The two wings 12 of the support table 11 hold it at a small distance above the cutting edge 14 . The storage table 11 is then raised together with the stone until the stone comes against the abutment 8 . Against the action of support springs, the cutting edge 14 is raised during the further lifting movement and the two wings 12 are lowered relative to the cutting edge 14, ie they remain on the underside of the stone, while the cutting edge 14 is further raised. When the blade 14 is also applied to the stone, the idle stroke of the stone splitter 1 is complete and further upward movement of the blade 14 constitutes the splitting stroke of the stone splitter 1, which results in the stone being split and separated into two sections. The distance of the abutment 8 to the cutting edge 14 can be adjusted by means of the handwheel 10. The abutment 8 remains stationary in this set position as long as stones of the same type are being processed. When processing a different type of stone, the abutment 8 can be adjusted to a different, suitable height that is adapted to it.

In 1 Furthermore, in the area of the base 7 there is a receptacle 15 for an exchangeable battery, so that the exchangeable battery can be easily reached from the outside of the stone splitter 1 and, if necessary, can be removed in order to be charged or exchanged for another, similar exchangeable battery to become. The exchangeable battery serves as an energy storage device for supplying an electrically driven hydraulic pump, which is also protected inside the base 7 . In order to trigger a splitting process, the stone splitter 1 has a switch 16 which is mounted on the housing 2 so that it is accessible above the opening 6 . The switch 16 is designed as a button, ie non-latching, and automatically assumes a first switching position. When it is actuated, it is guided into a second switch position, from which it automatically returns to its first switch position after actuation.

Out 2 It can be seen that the upper edge of the blade 14 is slightly lower than the surface of the storage table 11. Furthermore, a hydraulic block 17 is arranged within the housing 2 in the area of the base 7, which carries the storage table 11 and the blade 14. An electronic controller 18 and an electrically driven hydraulic pump 19 are arranged below the hydraulic block 17 , a hydraulic line 20 running from the hydraulic pump 19 to the hydraulic block 17 . The hydraulic block 17 is pressed down by two springs 21, which are supported within the housing 2, into an initial position in which the cutting edge 14 assumes a so-called rest position.

In the area of base 7, which is in 2 is shown below the hydroblock 17 on the left, the receptacle 15 for the exchangeable battery is protected within the housing 2. The receptacle 15 provides a connection geometry for the exchangeable battery known from the CAS standard known in practice, so that firstly electrical contact and, secondly, a secure, mechanical hold of the exchangeable battery are guaranteed, with the mechanical locking of the exchangeable battery being able to be released optionally and without tools.

3 shows an assembly that includes the hydraulic block 17 and the blade 14 and the springs 21. The blade 14 is fastened to a blade holder 22 in an exchangeable manner in the same way as the abutment 8 is to the holder 9. The hydraulic block 17 is closed at the top by a cover 23. A first supply line 24 and a second supply line 25 open laterally into the hydraulic block 17, and then the hydraulic block 17 is closed off by a floor panel 26, with the office block 17 coming down and through the Floor plate 26 protrude through two small pistons 27 and two large pistons 28 of a total of four hydraulic cylinder units.

Out 4 is the structure of the assembly of 3 evident. The hydraulic block 17 includes a tank 29 for hydraulic fluid. Seals 30 are arranged above the bottom plate 26 and each run around a piston 27, 28 in a ring shape. Compression springs 31 urge the large pistons 28 into their extended position from the hydraulic block 17 . A valve body 32 of a switching valve has a pressure plate 33 at its lower end. The valve body 32 is on the one hand urged into a closed position by a closing spring 34, but on the other hand is held in an open position by a magnet 35 against the action of the closing spring 34, as will be explained in more detail later.

5 shows the process of splitting a stone 36 in three consecutive steps a, b and c. The abutment 8 is set to a specific height on the holder 9 and remains stationary at this height during the splitting process. Below the abutment 8, the cutting edge 14 on its cutting edge holder 22 is initially according to step a in its rest position at a height which represents a maximum distance from the abutment 8. Because the pistons 27 and 28 are extended downwards from the hydroblock 17 and are supported in the area of the base 7, the hydroblock 17 together with the support table 11 and the blade holder 22 and the blade 14 are raised against the action of the springs 21. This is indicated by a vertical arrow pointing up 5 a implied. Purely as an example and because the storage table is 11 in 5 is not shown is in step a of 5 shown for reasons of graphic simplification that the stone 36 is already in contact with the cutting edge 14 and is not held by the support table 11 at a slight distance above the cutting edge 14 .

5 shows in step b that after overcoming the idle stroke, the hydraulic block 17 is raised so far that the stone 36 is now in contact with the abutment 8 and the cutting edge 14. As before, the hydraulic block 17 is raised further, which is indicated by the vertical arrow pointing upwards. This further stroke represents the splitting stroke in which the cutting edge 14 and/or the abutment 8 penetrates into the stone. For the splitting stroke, pressurized hydraulic fluid is routed both to the small pistons 27 and to the large pistons 28, so that a significantly larger hydraulically effective area is used for the splitting stroke compared to the idle stroke.

5 shows in step c that the stone 36 has been separated into two parts by the splitting stroke. While the abutment 8 together with the holder 9 remains unchanged at the set height, the hydraulic block 17 lowers together with the blade 14 and the blade holder 22, so that the blade 17 is returned to its rest position, which is caused by the vertical, downward indicated by the arrow pointing below.

6 shows a longitudinal section through the hydraulic block 17. The tank 29 is fluidly connected to the two large cylinder units through sections of the second supply line 25, so that hydraulic fluid can flow from the tank 29 into the large cylinders when the large pistons 28 are pushed out by the compression springs 31 the hydraulic block 17 are pushed out. This is the case, for example, when, during the idle stroke, the hydraulic block 17 is lifted by the small pistons 27 which are extended downwards from the hydraulic block by hydraulic pressure. Furthermore shows 6 that sections of the first supply line 24 above the small pistons 27 open into the cylinders of the two small hydraulic cylinder units.

7 shows the side view of the hydraulic block 17 in the situation in FIG 6 .

8th shows a vertical section through the hydraulic block 17 in a plane in which a switching valve 37 with the valve body 32 is located. Because of the valve body 32, the second supply line can only be seen in sections. If after the idle stroke, i.e. after the small pistons 27 have extended, the pressure in the first supply line 24 increases, the valve body 32 is pressed downwards by this pressure against the action of the closing spring 34, so that the switching valve 37 assumes its open position and a Connection line 38 opens, which connects the first supply line 24 to the second supply line 25 . In this open position of the switchover valve 37, hydraulic fluid delivered by the hydraulic pump 19 flows into the two large cylinder units, so that the splitting stroke can now take place after the idle stroke. In the open position of the switching valve 37, the valve body 32 is held magnetically, since its pressure plate 33 rests against the magnet 35. The spring force of the closing spring 34 is overcome by the magnetic force, so that the closing spring 34 remains in a compressed position.

When the stone 36 is split, this results in a pressure drop within the hydraulic system. Without the magnet 35, the closing spring 34 would lift the valve body 32 and lead it into its closed position. The fact that the Ventilkör is held magnetically in its open position by 32, the hydraulic block 17 can be lowered together with the blade 14, supported by gravity and by the two springs 21. During this lowering movement, the pistons 27 and 28 are pressed into the hydraulic block. In the process, they displace the hydraulic fluid located there in their respectively assigned cylinders of the hydraulic cylinder units, which fluid flows back into the tank 29 . The flow connection from the large piston 28 through the second supply line 25 and the connecting line 38 to the first supply line 24 is maintained because the valve body 32 is held magnetically in its open position.

8 b shows, in contrast, the switching valve 37 in its closed position. The switchover valve 37 is held in its closed position by means of the closing spring 34, which bears against the pressure plate 33 of the valve body 32, provided that no other external forces act on the switchover valve 37. In particular, the distance between the pressure plate 33 and the magnet 35 ensures that the magnet 35 cannot pull the valve body 32 downward into the open position against the action of the closing spring 34 .

9 shows in a longitudinal section through the hydraulic block 17 the open position of the switching valve 37 according to FIG 8 a . The connection of the connecting line 38 to the two supply lines 24 and 25 can be seen, as can the second supply line 25 leading to the large hydraulic cylinder units with the large pistons 28 . On the left side, the first supply line 24 is not closed by a plug; rather, the connection of the hydraulic line 20 is provided here, so that the hydraulic pressure can first act on the two small pistons 27 by means of the hydraulic pump 19 and later, by means of the switching valve 37, on the two large pistons 28. The hydraulic fluid reaches the hydraulic pump 19 from the tank 29.

10 FIG. 12 shows the assembly of FIG 3 . The cutting edge 14, like the abutment 8, is designed as a square rod with a square cross-section and can be clamped using clamps 39, which are shown in 10 are shown only in outline, attached to the blade holder 22 interchangeably. By rotating around its longitudinal axis, the square bar can be fixed in four different orientations on the cutter holder 22, so that if one of the four cutting edges is worn, the cutter 14 can be reattached to the cutter holder 22 after a quarter turn and can be used four times in succession in this way , in favor of the longest possible service life.

The stone splitter 1 shown is used as follows: When the switch 16 is pressed and thereby brought into its second switching position, the hydraulic block 17 moves upwards, in that the hydraulic pressure causes the pistons 27 and 28 to extend downwards out of the hydraulic block 17 will. When the switch 16 is released and thereby automatically returns to its first switch position, the hydraulic block 17 moves down again. The downward movement of the hydraulic block 17 takes place due to the springs 21, which press the hydraulic block 17 downwards, and because the pumping direction of the hydraulic pump 19 is reversed by means of the control 18. The hydraulic pump 19 is connected in such a way that it basically pumps hydraulic fluid out of the connected cylinder units. However, while the switch 16 is actuated, the pumping direction is reversed, so that hydraulic fluid is delivered to the cylinder units, in particular to their pistons 27 and 28 .

The hydraulic pump 19 is switched off by the controller 18 when a limit switch connected to the controller 18 is activated. This limit switch is in 2 recognizable and is referred to as the rest sensor 40 because it detects the presence of the hydraulic block 17 in the lowered position, in which the cutting edge 14 assumes its rest position, in which it has the greatest distance from the abutment 8 within its working cycle, whereby depending on the basic setting, the height at which the abutment 8 is located, this greatest distance can vary. The rest sensor 40 is also in a 2 Apparent base plate 41 embedded against which the pistons 27 and 28 are supported when they lift the hydraulic block 27.

In the illustrated embodiment, the valve body 32 is held in its open position by the magnet 35, the magnet 35 being designed as an electromagnet. The magnet 35 is activated both when the switch 16 is pressed and when the rest sensor 40 serving as a limit switch does not detect the presence of the hydraulic block 17 . Thus, when the switch 16 is pressed and the hydraulic block 17 is raised, the magnet 35 is activated. However, when the hydroblock 17 has returned to its starting position, i.e. has been lowered in the illustrated embodiment, and the rest sensor 40 detects the presence of the hydroblock 17, the magnet 35 is inactive and the valve body 32 is returned to its starting position by the spring 34, viz to the closed position of the switching valve 37, and held in this position until the magnet 35 is activated.

In a variant that differs from the exemplary embodiment shown, a pin can be used which is fastened to the housing 2 in the area of the base plate 41 . Based on the design of the switching valve 37 according to 8 a and 8b the pin can be oriented upright and extend past the magnet 35 so that it can act on the edge area on the underside of the pressure plate 33 from below, or the magnet 35 can be designed as a ring magnet so that the pin moves along the central axis extends through the magnet 35 and the spring 34 surrounding it and acts centrally along the central axis of the valve body 32 from below on the pressure plate 33 . This makes it possible for the pin to act centrally on the pressure plate 33 and the valve body 32 and the risk of tilting or similar disruptive influences is reduced. When the hydraulic block 17 is lowered down and guided into its starting position, the pin hits the underside of the pressure plate 33 and it, together with the valve body 32, falls off the magnet 35. In this variant, the magnet 35 does not have to be in the form of an electromagnet, but can be in the form of a normal permanent magnet that does not require an electrical connection.

If the voltage in the exchangeable battery has dropped, the exchangeable battery can simply be removed from the receptacle 15 and charged either during a break in work or overnight, or it can be replaced with a second, similar exchangeable battery in order to be able to work practically without interruption to be able to continue working with the Steinspalter 1.

The speed at which the hydraulic block 17 and the cutting edge 14 are raised is about 4 to 5 times as high as the splitting speed at which the cutting edge 14 is further raised during the splitting stroke in the exemplary embodiment shown during the idle stroke. By using these two different speeds, the cycle time when splitting a stone 36 is reduced. In addition, it is possible to achieve a low cycle time with a lower wattage motor compared to a system that does not have a two speed system with two different sized hydraulics Cylinder units and accordingly two different cutting speeds are used. First, non-public tests have shown that with otherwise the same performance of the hydraulic pump, stones can be split up to three times as fast due to the two lifting speeds of the cutting edge provided according to the invention. It is assumed that the distance between the stone and the blade is 5mm and the blade penetrates 1mm into the stone before splitting the stone.

Deviating from the exemplary embodiment shown, the controller 18 can be dispensed with, which can monitor various parameters of the stone splitter 1, e.g. B. the hydraulic system. The stone splitter 1 can also function without such a control, merely by means of a suitable electrical connection of the switch 16, the hydraulic pump 19 and the rest sensor 40. The hydraulic pump 19 is started by actuating the switch 16 so that the hydraulic fluid is conveyed in a first flow direction, the cylinders of the cylinder units are filled with hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic block 17 is raised and the blade 14 is guided against the stone 36 . When the switch 16 is released, the polarity of the electrical connection of the hydraulic pump 19 is reversed, so that the hydraulic fluid flows in the reverse direction, the cylinder units are emptied and the lowering movement of the hydraulic block 17 is assisted. As soon as the hydraulic block 17 activates the rest sensor 40, the electrical connection of the hydraulic pump 19 is interrupted.

11 shows a section across a hydraulic block 17, similar 8th , but by a second exemplary embodiment of a hydraulic block 17. Comparable or actually identical components are identified in both exemplary embodiments with the same respective reference symbols. In comparison to the first exemplary embodiment, a structural simplification is achieved in that a pressure sequence valve 42 is used in the hydraulic block 17 of the second exemplary embodiment, which comprises the valve body 32, the pressure plate 33, the closing spring 34, the magnet 35, the switching valve 37 and the connecting line 38 of the first exemplary embodiment is unnecessary and takes over its function.

The pressure sequence valve 42 has three different ports: a first port 43 is connected to a supply channel 44, a second port 45 is connected to the large piston 28 via a piston channel 46, and a third port 47 is connected to the tank 29 via a tank channel 48 tied together. 11 FIG. 12 further shows that the pressure sequence valve 42 is screwed into a base body 49 of the hydraulic block 17.

The functioning of the hydraulic block remains the same as in the first exemplary embodiment: During the idle stroke, hydraulic oil is pumped under pressure to the small pistons 27, and another proportion of the oil flows without pressure from the tank 29 through the tank channel 48 to the connection 47 through the pressure sequence valve 42 the second connection 45, thence through the piston channel 46 to the large piston 28. When the cutter 14 experiences resistance from contact with the stone 36 and the hydraulic pressure in the oil increases until it reaches a certain value, the pressure sequence valve 42 is displaced and the pressureless connection from the tank 29 to the large pistons 28 is blocked. At the same time, the movement of the pressure sequence valve 42 creates a flow connection from the supply channel 44 via the second connection 45 and the piston channel 46 to the large piston 28, so that the cutting edge 14 is now pressed against the stone 36 with greater force. After the stone 36 has been split, the pressure in the hydraulic system drops. The connection from the supply channel 44 to the large pistons 28 is blocked and a flow connection from the tank 29 via the third connection 47 to the large pistons 28 is restored.

12 shows the hydraulic block 17 of FIG 11 , similar to the 4 of the first embodiment. A sealing plug 50 can be seen to the left of the base body 49 of the hydraulic block 17, which is used to seal the piston channel 46 tightly.

13 shows a vertical longitudinal section through the hydraulic block 17 of the second embodiment, similar to FIG 9 of the first embodiment. This longitudinal section through the second exemplary embodiment shows the piston channel 46 which connects the two large pistons 28 to one another. It can also be seen that the piston channel 46 is in flow connection with the second connection 45 of the pressure sequence valve 42 .

14 shows a perspective view of the second embodiment with the pressure sequence valve 42, otherwise similar to FIG 3 of the first embodiment.

15 shows a view of the second embodiment of the hydraulic block 17, similar 10 of the first embodiment, namely on the side in which the pressure sequence valve 42 is screwed into the base body 49.

reference list

1

stone splitter

2

Housing

3

Wheel

4

role

5

guide handle

6

breakthrough

7

Base

8th

abutment

9

holder

10

handwheel

11

storage table

12

wing

14

cutting edge

15

recording

16

Switch

17

hydroblock

18

steering

19

hydraulic pump

20

hydraulic line

21

Feather

22

blade holder

23

lid

24

First supply line

25

Second supply line

26

floor pan

27

Small Piston

28

Big Piston

29

tank

30

poetry

31

compression spring

32

valve body

33

printing plate

34

closing spring

35

magnet

36

Stone

37

switching valve

38

connection line

39

clamp

40

rest sensor

41

base plate

42

sequence valve

43

first connection

44

Supply channel 44

45

second connection

46

piston channel

47

third connection

48

tank channel

49

body

50

sealing plug

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 1877434 U [0002]
• DE 19842670 C1 [0003]
• EP 0976513 A1 [0003]
• DE 3416957 A1 [0004]

Claims (17)

Stone splitter (1), with a storage table (11) which is intended for receiving a stone (36) to be split, and with a height-adjustable cutting edge (14) and an abutment (8) opposite the cutting edge (14), the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8) are arranged one above the other in such a way that they receive a stone (36) lying on the storage table (11) between them, and the vertical distance between the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8) is adjusted by means of a hydraulic drive, and wherein the height-adjustable cutting edge (14) can initially be moved during use over a distance referred to as the idle stroke until the stone (36) rests against both the cutting edge (14) and the abutment (8), and wherein during use, the blade (14) can be moved after the idle stroke over a distance referred to as the splitting stroke, during which splitting stroke the blade (14) and/or the abutment (8) penetrates into the stone (36), characterized in that that the hydraulic drive of the cutting edge (14) has at least two hydraulic cylinder units, each cylinder unit having a cylinder and a piston (27, 28) movable therein, and the cylinder units being hydraulically controlled in such a way that the cutting edge (14) is driven during the idle stroke by means of a smaller hydraulically effective area than during the gap stroke. stone splitter after claim 1 , characterized in that the cross-sectional areas of the cylinder units are of different sizes. stone splitter after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that distributed over the length of the cutting edge (14) at least three cylinder units are arranged in such a way that large and small hydraulically effective surfaces are arranged symmetrically to one another. stone cleaver after claim 3 , characterized in that at least one large cylinder unit is arranged between two outer, small cylinder units. Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that four cylinder units are distributed over the length of the blade (14). Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stone splitter (1) has an electromotive hydraulic pump (19) and an electrical energy storage device for supplying energy to the hydraulic pump (19), the energy storage device being designed as a commercially available system exchangeable battery for hand-held tools and exchangeable in a receptacle provided for this purpose in the stone splitter (1). stone splitter after claim 6 , characterized by a universal interface which is intended for one of at least two different recording modules to be mechanically and electrically connected to the interface, the different recording modules being able to be connected to the interface on the one hand and differing from one another by different recordings on the other hand, each of which is mechanical and are electrically matched to a particular one of at least two different types of removable batteries. Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blade (14) is arranged below the abutment (8) and can be moved hydraulically upwards. Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a hydraulic changeover valve (37), which is connected upstream of a first cylinder unit, is designed as a pressure relief valve and is connected in such a way that when a specific pressure is reached, a flow connection is created from hydraulic fluid to a second cylinder unit. stone splitter after claim 9 , characterized in that the hydraulic switching valve is designed as a pressure sequence valve (42). Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a manually operable switch (16) with two different switching positions, it being possible to switch between a first and a second switching position by actuating the switch (16), and the stone splitter (1) has a control ( 18) which is connected to the switch (16) and, when the switch (16) is in the first switching position, controls the hydraulic pump (19) in such a way that a hydraulic fluid driven by the hydraulic pump (19) flows in a first flow direction, wherein the controller (18) is designed in such a way that in the second switching position of the switch (16) the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid in one reverses the second flow direction, which is opposite to the first flow direction. stone splitter after claim 11 , characterized in that the controller (18) controls the hydraulic pump (19) in such a way that the direction of rotation of the hydraulic pump (19) is optionally reversed, depending on the switching position of the switch (16). stone splitter after claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the cutting edge (14) can be moved between a rest position and a working position, its distance from the abutment being greater in the resting position than in the working position, and in that the stone splitter (1) recognizes the presence of the cutting edge (14) in the rest position detecting rest sensor (40), wherein the rest sensor (40) is connected to the controller (18) for signal transmission and the controller (18) is designed in such a way that the hydraulic pump (19) is automatically switched off when the Switch (16) is in the first switching position and the rest sensor (40) signals the presence of the cutting edge (14) in the rest position. Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a piston (28) of a cylinder unit is urged by spring force into a working position in which it strives to bring the cutting edge (14) closer to the abutment (8), and that the piston (28 ) is connected to a tank (29) containing hydraulic fluid, such that when the piston (28) moves into its working position, hydraulic fluid automatically flows from the tank (29) to the piston (28). Stone splitter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a hydraulic block (17) which has the cylinders of the hydraulic cylinder units, in which the pistons (27, 28) of the cylinder units are movably guided, a first being filled with hydraulic fluid and connected to the hydraulic pump supply line (24) to at least one cylinder of a cylinder unit to create a small hydraulically effective area, and a second supply line (25) filled with hydraulic fluid and connected to a hydraulic fluid-filled tank (29) to at least one cylinder of a cylinder unit to create a small hydraulically effective surface, and between the first and the second supply line (24, 25) a switching valve (37) designed as a pressure relief valve is arranged in such a way that in its closed position it forms the connection between the first supply line (24) and the second supply line (25) interrupts and assumes its open position and opens this connection only when a certain pressure prevailing in the first supply line (24) is exceeded stone splitter after claim 15 , characterized in that the switching valve (37) is held magnetically in its open position. stone splitter after claim 15 or 16 , characterized in that the hydraulic block (17) is mounted so that it can move vertically and carries the cutting edge (14).

Images