DE202020102459U1 - Ventilator - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilator (1) for ventilating a patient with a breathing gas, having
- A reciprocating piston compressor (4) with a piston (42) that can be moved in a container (41) and a supply opening for the breathing gas to be inhaled that can be closed by a check valve (43),
- an inspiration valve (9),
- an expiration valve (10),
- wherein the container (41) is fluidically connected to the inspiration valve (9),
- wherein the inspiration valve (9) has an outlet (93) for connecting an inspiration line (6),
- wherein the expiration valve (10) has an inlet (101) for connecting an expiration line (7),
- wherein the piston (42) is coupled directly or indirectly to a drive shaft (3), characterized in that
- At least one control disk (11, 12) for controlling the inspiration valve (9) and the expiration valve (10) is arranged on the drive shaft (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a ventilator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Generic ventilators are used in particular for artificial ventilation of anesthetized patients.

Precise control of an inspiratory process and an expiratory process is particularly important in such ventilators in order to supply the patient with the necessary amount of oxygen on the one hand without placing too much stress on the patient's airways and, in particular, on the patient's lungs.

Disadvantages of these ventilators are the relatively complex control of the inspiratory process and the expiratory process as well as the maintenance and, if necessary, repairs in the event of failure of one of the components of such a ventilator.

The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilator which, on the one hand, enables reliable control of the inspiratory and expiratory processes and, at the same time, is easy to maintain.

This object is achieved by a ventilator with the features of claim 1.

The ventilator according to the invention for ventilating a patient with a breathing gas has a reciprocating piston compressor with a piston that can be moved in a container and a supply opening for the breathing gas to be inhaled that can be closed by a check valve.

The ventilator also has an inspiration valve and an expiration valve.

The container is fluidically connected to the inspiration valve.

The inspiration valve has an outlet for connecting an inspiration line. Furthermore, the expiration valve has an inlet for connecting an expiration line.

The piston is directly or indirectly coupled to a drive shaft.

At least one control disk for controlling the inspiration valve and the expiration valve is arranged on the drive shaft.

Reliable ventilation of the patient is ensured with a ventilator designed in this way.

The at least one control disk on the drive shaft that simultaneously controls the piston of the reciprocating compressor enables a simple and compact design of such a ventilator with few components.

The control disks are primarily used to control the ratio of the inspiration time to the expiration time.

Advantageous variant embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

According to an advantageous embodiment variant, the ventilator has an inlet and outlet piece for feeding and discharging the breathing gas into / from a patient's airway, the inlet and outlet piece being connectable to the inspiration valve via the inspiration line and to the expiration valve via the expiration line.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the control disks for controlling the inspiration valve and at least one of the control disks for controlling the expiration valve are provided in each case.

It is also conceivable to design a control disk with several control cams, which is used to control the inspiration valve and the expiration valve.

An outer edge of the at least one control disk is preferably designed to control the inspiration valve and the expiration valve.

This enables simple mechanical coupling to the valves.

According to an advantageous development, the outer edge of the control disks is provided with elevations or depressions which serve to open and close the inspiration valve and the expiration valve by rotating the control disks.

According to a further advantageous embodiment variant, the control disk controlling the inspiration valve is designed in such a way that the inspiration valve is only opened when the piston moves in the compression direction in which the breathing gas is pressed into the pressure line, the control disk controlling the expiration valve being shaped and connected in this way the drive shaft is arranged that the expiration valve is closed when the inspiration valve is open.

According to a further preferred embodiment variant, the inspiration valve is provided with a pressure relief valve.

The patient's lungs can be protected from excessive pressure in a simple manner by means of the pressure relief valve.

According to an advantageous further development, the expiration valve is provided with a minimum pressure valve for releasing exhaled gas up to a preset minimum pressure.

The minimum pressure valve makes it possible to maintain a minimum pressure in the lungs in order to prevent the alveoli of the lungs from collapsing.

According to a further preferred embodiment variant of the invention, several control disks for controlling the inspiration valve and several control disks for controlling the expiration valve are arranged on the drive shaft.

This enables the actuation time and actuation duration of the valves to be varied by simply shifting the position of the control disks relative to the switching elements of the valves.

For example, a predetermined pre-compression or the pressure holding time in the inspiration phase can be changed in a simple manner.

According to a further advantageous embodiment variant, a manometer is connected to the inspiration line in order to be able to check the maximum permissible pressure and minimum pressure in the inspiration line - supply and discharge piece - expiration line system.

If the inspiration line itself does not have a check valve that prevents breathing gas from being sucked in from the lungs in the direction of the reciprocating compressor, the pressure in the inspiration line can be used to measure both the pressure in the inspiration phase and in the expiration phase on the side of the expiration line.

If, according to a further advantageous embodiment variant, the inspiration line has such a check valve, such a manometer is advantageously arranged both in the inspiration line and in the expiration line.

According to a further advantageous embodiment variant, the piston is coupled to the drive shaft via an eccentric.

The eccentric is preferably designed as an eccentric disk on which a piston connection piece of the piston can be fixed in a radially adjustable manner for setting a stroke of the piston.

This enables the piston stroke and thus the volume of breathing gas to be set in an inspiration cycle in a simple manner.

The drive shaft itself can preferably be driven by a motor, in particular with the aid of an electric motor.

However, a manually operated drive of the drive shaft is also conceivable, for example via a hand crank, which in particular also enables the ventilator to be operated without current.

By varying the speed of rotation of the drive shaft, it is also possible to vary the duration of the actuation of the valves and thus the respiratory rate in a simple manner.

According to a further advantageous embodiment variant of the invention, a connection for the supply of oxygen is provided on the supply opening for the breathing gas to be inhaled. This enables both ambient air and an air-oxygen mixture or possibly also pure oxygen to be used as breathing gas.

• 1 eine schematische Draufsicht einer Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Beatmungsgerätes,
• 2 eine Seitenansicht des Beatmungsgerätes gemäß 1,
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Beatmungsgerätes während eines Inspirationsvorgangs,
• 4 die schematische Darstellung des Beatmungsgerätes aus 1 in einer Exspirationsphase,
• 5 eine Einzeldarstellung einer ersten Steuerscheibe,
• 6 eine Einzeldarstellung einer zweiten Steuerscheibe.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic top view of an embodiment variant of a ventilator according to the invention,
• 2 a side view of the ventilator according to FIG 1 ,
• 3 a schematic representation of a ventilator during an inspiration process,
• 4th the schematic representation of the ventilator 1 in an expiratory phase,
• 5 an individual representation of a first control disk,
• 6th an individual representation of a second control disk.

In the following description of the figures, terms such as above, below, left, right, front, rear, etc. relate exclusively to those in the Exemplary representation and position of the ventilator, reciprocating compressor, piston, inspiration line, expiration line, inspiration valve, expiration valve, drive shaft, control disk and the like selected in the respective figures. These terms are not to be understood as restrictive, ie these references may change as a result of different working positions or the mirror-symmetrical design or the like.

In the 1-4 is with the reference number 1 overall denotes an embodiment variant of a ventilator according to the invention. The ventilator 1 for ventilation of a patient with a breathing gas has a reciprocating compressor 4th with one in a preferably cylindrical container 41 movable piston 42 on.

Such a reciprocating compressor 4th usually has an opening for the inlet of the breathing gas through a check valve 43 is lockable and so when moving the piston 42 in a direction of inspiration in which the breathing gas in the container 41 of the reciprocating compressor 4th via a container outlet 44 in a pressure line 18th is pressed in, closes automatically.

Outside air can be used as breathing gas. However, it is also conceivable to provide a connection at the inlet provided with a check valve for supplying at least one gas or gas mixture, in particular oxygen, in order, for example, to supply the patient additionally or exclusively with oxygen.

The container 42 is, as mentioned above, via the container outlet 44 preferably via the pressure line 18th with an inspiratory valve 9 tied together.

The other end is the pressure line 18th is at an inlet 91 an inspiratory valve 9 for releasing the breathing gas flow in the direction of an inlet and outlet piece 5 connected.

The inspiration valve is also conceivable 9 directly on the container 42 to attach.

The inlet and outlet piece 5 serves to supply and discharge the breathing gas into or out of a patient's airway.

Between an outlet 93 of the inspiratory valve 9 and the inlet and outlet piece 5 is another one, here as an inspiration line 6th designated pressure line connected.

The inspiration line 6th differs from the pressure line 18th not necessarily structurally, but rather because it is within the inspiration line 6th the pressure prevailing in the patient's airways is always present, while in the pressure line 18th due to their separation from the inspiratory line 6th the one in the container 41 prevailing pressure is applied.

The inlet and outlet piece 5 can for example be designed as the inlet and outlet of a breathing mask that can be placed on the mouth and nose of the patient to be ventilated.

Both the inlet and outlet piece 5 as well as the pressure line 18th , the inspiration line 6th and the expiratory line 7th can be part of the ventilator 1 be.

However, a variant of the ventilator is also conceivable 1 without the components inlet and outlet piece 5 , Pressure line 18th , Inspiration line 6th and expiratory duct 7th required to use the ventilator 1 can be connected to this at a later date.

To this inlet and outlet piece 5 is also an expiratory line 7th connected to an expiratory valve 10 opens through the open expiratory valve 10 the exhaled air can be discharged into the environment.

The expiratory valve 10 is also provided with a filter in an advantageous embodiment variant or such a filter is connected downstream of the expiration valve so that germs or viruses transported with the exhaled breathing gas do not flow into the outside air or into device parts located behind it.

The piston 42 is like in the 3 and 4th is shown indirectly with a drive shaft 3 coupled. A direct connection of the piston is also conceivable 42 to the drive shaft 3 .

The coupling is designed in such a way that the rotational movement of the drive shaft 3 about its longitudinal axis in a translational movement of the piston 42 in the container 41 is convicted.

The amount of in the pressure pipe 18th compressed breathing gas is dependent on the stroke of the piston 42 in the container 41 . This stroke is dependent on the connection of a piston rod 45 of the piston 42 to the drive shaft 3 .

In the variant shown here, as in 2 the piston is easy to see 42 via an eccentric 8th with the drive shaft 3 coupled. Depending on the connection of the piston rod 45 on the eccentric 8th , i.e. the radial position of the piston connection 83 on a disc 81 of the eccentric 8th relative to the axis of rotation of the disk 81 the piston stroke can be influenced in this way.

In the variant shown here, the piston rod is 45 variable on the eccentric 8th attachable so that the piston stroke can thus be variably adjusted in a simple manner. The piston stroke increases with increasing radial distance from the axis of rotation of the disk 81 of the eccentric 8th that is equal to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 3 is.

The preferred breathing gas delivery volume is between 350ml and 800ml.

The above-mentioned line connections of the named components through the pressure line 18th , the inspiration line 6th and the expiratory line 7th can be designed as rigid metal lines or preferably as hose connections.

Is the inspiratory valve 9 opened, the gas flow can through the inspiration line 6th in the direction of the inlet and outlet piece 5 flow and so the breathing gas is supplied to the patient.

Is the exhalation valve 10 opened, the breathing gas can be drawn from the patient's lungs via the inlet and outlet piece 5 and the expiratory line 7th be delivered.

The inspiration valve is accordingly in the case of an inspiration process 9 opened and the expiratory valve 10 closed, while the expiratory valve is during the expiratory process 10 opened and the inspiratory valve 9 closed is.

For precise control of the inspiration valve 9 and the expiratory valve 10 are on the drive shaft 3 Control discs 11 , 12th arranged.

The drive shaft 3 thus serves both to drive the piston 42 of the reciprocating compressor 4th as well as the control of the inspiratory valve 9 and the expiratory valve 10 .

Exemplary design variants of such control disks 11 , 12th are in the 5 and 6th shown.

Both control discs 11 , 12th have respective wave recordings 112 , 122 on, for the non-rotatable mounting of the control disks 11 , 12th on the drive shaft 3 .

The control disks are also conceivable 11 , 12th adjustable on the drive shaft in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 3 to be determined. This makes it possible in particular to reduce the pressure in the pressure line 18th and then into the inspiration line 6th breathing gas introduced as well as the opening and closing times of the inspiration valve 9 and exhalation valve 10 to vary.

For example, opening the inspiration valve initiated later leads to the result 9 , set by moving the control disc 11 in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft 3 , to a pressure increase in the container 41 and in the pressure hose 18th in the direction of compression K moving piston 42 with the inspiratory valve still closed at the same time 9 .

Furthermore, the control disks 11 , 12th respective increases 111 , 121 the actuation of the inspiratory valve 9 or the expiration valve 10 to serve.

Instead of such increases 111 , 121 Depressions are also conceivable, which would then be formed in a different angular region of the outer circumference of the control disk.

According to a further embodiment variant (not shown here), at least one of the control disks 11 , 12th Control elements with control cams formed on this releasably attached. For this purpose, the control disk is preferably designed as a circular disk with coupling points for coupling the control element or several control elements with respective control cams. This allows the valve control to be set individually.

It is conceivable to keep a prefabricated set of control elements as part of the ventilator.

In the embodiment variant shown here, the inspiration valve 9 and the expiratory valve 10 each one in the direction of the respective control disk 11 , 12th extending plunger 92 , 102 on.

The increase 111 that of the control of the inspiratory valve 9 serving control disk 11 is shaped so that the plunger 92 of the inspiratory valve 9 during a predetermined angle of rotation of the drive shaft 3 into the inspiratory valve 9 opening position is pressed.

At this angle of rotation, the piston moves at the same time 42 in the direction of compression K as it is in 3 is shown, through which the breathing gas from the container 41 into the pressure line 18th is pressed.

The increase 111 is shaped so that the inspiration valve 9 closes before the piston 42 reaches its bottom dead center and then moves in the direction of decompression D. moved back.

During the inspiratory process, as in 3 shown, the expiratory valve 10 closed.

When the inspiration process is complete, the inspiration valve is 9 closed so that no breathing gas from the inlet and outlet piece 5 via the inspiration line 6th can be sucked.

During the subsequent expiration process, the expiration valve is activated 10 using the control disc 12th during a predetermined angle of rotation of the drive shaft 3 through the increase 121 opened and thus enables the breathing gas to be discharged from the patient's lungs via the expiratory line 7th . In this phase the peripheral edge of the inspiratory valve is 9 controlling control disk 11 out of engagement with the plunger 92 of the inspiratory valve 9 or extends in the radial direction only so far that the inspiration valve 9 closed is.

The inspiration valve is also conceivable 9 and / or the expiratory valve 10 to be designed in such a way that the respective valve is closed by retracting the plunger. Accordingly, instead of the increases 111 , 121 Depressions on the respective control disk 11 , 12th molded.

The inspiratory valve 9 is preferred only after a slight stroke movement of the piston 42 in the direction of compression K opened to the breathing gas with a slight positive pressure in the inspiration line 6th to press.

As in 1 can also be seen are on the drive shaft 3 preferably several control disks 11 to control the inspiration valve 9 and several control discs 12th to control the exhalation valve 10 arranged.

The respective control discs 11 and 12th differ in the design of the elevation 111 and thus enable shorter or longer opening times of the respective inspiratory valve 9 or expiration valve 10 .

The coupling of the respective control discs 11 , 12th to the inspiratory valve 9 and exhalation valve 10 takes place according to the preferred embodiment shown here by arranging the inspiration valve 9 and exhalation valve 10 on a jumper housing 17th so that the inspiratory valve 9 and the expiratory valve 10 in a simple way to the desired control discs 11 , 12th are connectable.

The shape of the control disks is conceivable 11 , 12th in such a way that ratios of inspiration time to expiration time of, for example, 1 to 1, 1 to 1.5, 1 to 2, 1 to 2.5 or 1 to 3 can be set.

A preferably set breathing rate is between 10 and 30 inspiration and expiration processes per minute.

As in the 1 , 3 and 4th Also shown is the inspiratory valve 9 with a pressure relief valve 13th Mistake.

This prevents the breathing gas from being forced into the patient's airways with excessive pressure. The pressure relief valve 13th is preferably designed to be adjustable at a desired, predetermined overpressure. The pressure relief valve 13th is preferably designed to be adjustable in a range from 20 mbar to 50 mbar.

The expiration valve is used to prevent the pressure from falling below a predetermined minimum during exhalation 10 preferably with a minimum pressure valve 14th provided, which closes when the preset minimum pressure is not reached.

The minimum pressure valve 14th is preferably designed to be adjustable in a range from 2 mbar to 10 mbar.

To easily check the applied pressure of the breathing gas is on the inspiration line 6th a manometer 16 connected.

In a variant in which the inspiration line 6th or the inlet and outlet piece 5 does not have a check valve, which also allows breathing gas to be discharged via the inspiration line 6th can be prevented by this on the inspiratory line 6th connected pressure gauges 16 both the pressure applied in the inspiratory line 6th as well as in the expiratory line 7th to be checked.

In an alternative embodiment variant in which the inspiration line 6th has such a check valve is, according to a further preferred embodiment variant, also on the expiratory line 7th a pressure gauge (not shown) connected.

The drive shaft 3 is like in 1 shown, preferably motor-driven, in particular via an electric motor, which can preferably be operated via direct current, for the operation of which a direct current source, for example a motor vehicle battery, can be used.

The drive shaft is also conceivable 3 to be driven manually. This can be done on the drive shaft 3 For example, a hand crank can be connected via which the drive shaft 3 is drivable.

Also by varying the speed of rotation of the drive shaft 3 the frequency of the ventilation processes can be easily controlled.

The inspiratory valve 9 , the expiratory valve 10 , the eccentric 8th who have favourited control disks 11 , 12th and the drive shaft 3 are preferably made of stainless steel, which enables easy cleaning and disinfection of the components.

List of reference symbols

1

Ventilator

2

engine

3

drive shaft

4th

Reciprocating compressors

41

container

42

Pistons

43

check valve

44

Outlet

45

Piston rod

5

Inlet and outlet piece

6th

Inspirational line

7th

Expiratory line

8th

Eccentric disc

81

disc

82

Adjustment groove

83

Piston connection

9

Inspiratory valve

91

inlet

92

Plunger

93

Outlet

10

Expiratory valve

101

inlet

102

Plunger

11

Control disk

111

increase

112

Wave recording

12th

Control disk

121

increase

122

Wave recording

13th

Pressure relief valve

14th

Minimum pressure valve

15th

Assembly floor

16

manometer

17th

Jumper housing

18th

Pressure line

K

Direction of compression

D.

Decompression direction

Claims (21)

Ventilation device (1) for ventilating a patient with a breathing gas, comprising - a reciprocating piston compressor (4) with a piston (42) that can be moved in a container (41) and a supply opening for the breathing gas to be inhaled that can be closed by a check valve (43), - an inspiration valve (9), - an expiration valve (10), - wherein the container (41) is fluidically connected to the inspiration valve (9), - wherein the inspiration valve (9) has an outlet (93) for connecting an inspiration line (6), - the expiration valve (10) having an inlet (101) for connecting an expiration line (7), - the piston (42) being coupled directly or indirectly to a drive shaft (3), characterized in that - on the drive shaft (3) at least one control disk (11, 12) is arranged to control the inspiration valve (9) and the expiration valve (10). Ventilator (1) Claim 1 , characterized by a supply and discharge piece (5) for supplying and discharging the breathing gas into / from a patient's airway, the supply and discharge piece (5) via the inspiration line (6) to the inspiration valve (9) and via the expiration line (7) can be connected to the expiration valve (10). Ventilator (1) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that at least one of the control disks (11, 12) is provided for controlling the inspiration valve (9) and at least one of the control disks (11, 12) is provided for controlling the expiration valve (9). Ventilator (1) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a single control disk with at least two control cams for controlling the inspiration valve (9) and the expiration valve (9) is provided. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outer edge of the at least one control disk (11, 12) is designed to control the inspiration valve (9) and the expiration valve (9). Ventilator (1) Claim 5 , characterized in that the outer edge of the control disks (11, 12) is provided with elevations (111, 121) or depressions, with respective switching elements for opening and closing the inspiration valve (9) and the expiration valve (9) by rotating the control disks ( 11, 12) can be switched between an open and a closed state. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that control elements with control cams formed thereon are detachably attached to at least one of the control disks (11, 12). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control disc (11) controlling the inspiration valve (9) is shaped in such a way that the inspiration valve (9) only opens when the piston (42) is in the compression direction ( K) moves. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an overpressure valve (13) is provided in an area between the inspiration valve (9) and the inlet and outlet piece (5). Ventilator (1) Claim 9 , characterized in that the pressure relief valve (13) is integrated into the inspiration valve (9). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a minimum pressure valve (14) is provided downstream of the expiration valve (10) to maintain a preset minimum pressure of the exhaled breathing gas. Ventilator (1) Claim 11 , characterized in that the minimum pressure valve (14) is integrated into the expiration valve (10). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several control disks (11) for controlling the inspiration valve (9) and several control disks (12) for controlling the expiration valve (10) are arranged on the drive shaft (3). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a manometer (16) is connected to the inspiration line (6). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inspiration line (6) or the inlet and outlet piece (5) has a check valve. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a manometer is connected to the expiration line (7). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston (42) is coupled to the drive shaft (3) via an eccentric (8). Ventilator (1) Claim 17 , characterized in that the eccentric (8) is designed as an eccentric disk on which a piston connection piece of the piston (42) can be fixed in a radially adjustable manner for setting a stroke of the piston (42). Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive shaft (3) can be driven by a motor or by hand. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one control disk (11, 12) can be fixed on the drive shaft (3) so as to be adjustable in the direction of rotation. Ventilation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connection for supplying at least one gas or gas mixture, in particular oxygen, is provided on the supply opening for the breathing gas to be inhaled.

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