DE202019100479U1 - One-sided reflective component - Google Patents

Abstract

An at least partially mirrored component (100) with a layer system (20) applied to a transparent substrate (11), which contains a first metal layer (13) and at least a second metal layer (16), at least one first oxide layer (21 ) is embedded.

Description

The present invention relates to a one-sided mirroring component and a laminated glass element manufactured therewith.

Today glass elements with reflecting surfaces are used to clad buildings. Glass elements for cladding buildings can now be equipped with reflective layer systems. These layer systems are designed so that they have a high reflectivity on their outer surface. Part of the incident light is transmitted through the layer structure. The side of the glass element facing the building reflects the light from inside with a significantly lower degree of reflection.

The patent application US2018 / 0180776A1 describes partially transparent mirrors with a residual transmission in the visible range of the spectrum between 5% and 45%, which have a lower reflection on the non-coated side than on the coated side. However, the most important thing is to obtain the highest possible transmission with a good mirror effect / reflection at the same time.

The invention has for its object to provide a component that can be viewed from both sides and from one side acts as a mirror with high reflection and is anti-reflective from the opposite side.

The object is achieved by a partially mirrored component with the features of claim 1 and a laminated glass component with the features of claim 13. Advantageous developments of the partially mirrored component according to the invention are shown in the subclaims.

The at least partially mirrored component according to the invention comprises a layer system applied to a transparent substrate. The applied layer system consists of a first metal layer and at least one second metal layer. At least one first oxide layer is embedded between the metal layers.

Advantageously, light rays arriving from the side facing the substrate are reflected on the first metal layer. However, these light beams cannot be completely reflected by this first metal layer. The residual amount of light is absorbed by the second metal layer in combination with the at least one oxide layer. In addition, the combination of the second metal layer with the at least one oxide layer is suitable for absorbing light that strikes the partially mirrored component from the side facing away from the substrate.

In an advantageous preferred embodiment, the first metal layer consists essentially of chromium (Cr). This Cr layer is characterized by a high degree of reflection. This Cr layer is advantageously extremely weather-resistant. The second metal layer preferably consists essentially of a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr). A layer made of this material in combination with the oxide layer has a high degree of absorption with maximum weather resistance.

In a preferred embodiment, the first metal layer has a thickness between 3 nm and 60 nm. The first metal layer is carried out in a preferred embodiment with a thickness between 40 nm and 50 nm and in a particularly preferred embodiment between 44 nm and 46 nm. The layer thickness can be used to control the reflection behavior of the first metal layer in a particularly advantageous manner. In particular, the reflected light spectrum can be adapted to the requirements.

The second metal layer can preferably have a thickness between 10 nm and 20 nm, preferably between 13 nm and 15 nm. With these layer thicknesses, both the reflection behavior and the absorption behavior of this second metal layer are controlled.

In a further embodiment, the at least one first oxide layer consists of silicon oxide (SiOx) and / or zinc stanate (ZSOx). The oxide layer of this embodiment is particularly suitable for reducing reflection of the second metal layer in the direction of the first metal layer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first oxide layer has a first partial layer made of SiOx with a thickness between 20 nm and 30 nm, preferably between 24 nm and 26 nm. In addition, the first oxide layer has a second partial layer made of ZSOx with a thickness between 25 nm and 40 nm. The second partial layer is preferably embodied with a thickness between 32 nm and 34 nm.

In a further preferred embodiment, at least one second oxide layer is applied to the second metal layer. With this second oxide layer, reflection is additionally prevented by the incidence of light on the side facing away from the substrate. Because the layers described above cannot evenly absorb a color spectrum, this second oxide layer is particularly advantageous. The second oxide layer is preferably designed such that in Combined with the second metal layer, the light is absorbed evenly in its entire visible spectrum. Thus, on this side facing away from the substrate, a reflection can be reduced to a desired level without colored residual reflections.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least second oxide layer advantageously consists essentially of SiOx and / or essentially ZSOx, in particular ZSO ₅ . These materials can be used to reduce or almost prevent reflection in a wide range of visible light.

The second oxide layer contains a first partial layer which consists essentially of ZSOx with a thickness between 45 nm and 65 nm. The first partial layer of the second oxide layer is preferably composed essentially of ZSOx with a thickness between 49 nm and 59 nm and particularly preferably between 53 nm and 55 nm. A second partial layer of the second oxide layer essentially consists of SiOx with a thickness between 18 nm and 30 nm. The thickness of the second partial layer of the second oxide layer is preferably between 22 nm and 24 nm. The described second oxide layer is particularly suitable for suppressing reflections. The spectral property of this second oxide layer can be influenced in a particularly advantageous manner by adapting the layer thicknesses.

In a further preferred embodiment, an adhesion promoter is introduced between the transparent substrate and the first metal layer. This adhesion promoter preferably consists essentially of SiOx. This layer ensures a high-strength connection between the layer system and the substrate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the outermost layer of the layer system is a hardened cover layer. The cover layer preferably consists essentially of titanium zirconium oxide (TZO). With this hard cover layer, it is particularly advantageous to create an extremely resistant surface that is particularly robust against chemical and mechanical influences.

The layer thickness of the cover layer has a thickness between 1 nm and 5 nm. A thickness of the cover layer is preferably set between 2 nm and 3 nm.

In a preferred embodiment, the transparent substrate consists of glass, in particular of flat glass with high light transmission or of a transparent plastic. Polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are particularly suitable as transparent plastics. In addition to excellent optical properties, flat glass with high light transmission advantageously has extremely good chemical resistance. Flat glass is also very temperature-resistant. Polycarbonate is advantageously particularly break-resistant with low weight. Polymethyl methacrylate advantageously has a high breaking strength with a low weight and good scratch resistance.

The laminated glass component according to the invention consisting of the partially mirrored component already described above, a composite material applied to the layer system of this component and an at least second transparent substrate. The laminated glass construction achieves extremely high mechanical strength in a particularly advantageous manner. In addition, the layer system is particularly advantageously protected from chemical and mechanical damage by embedding the layer system between the two types.

In a preferred embodiment, the second transparent substrate is also made of glass, in particular flat glass with high light transmission, or a transparent plastic, in particular polycarbonate or in particular polymethyl methacrylate. The flat glass with high light transmission is particularly advantageously resistant to aggressive chemical substances such as acids and alkalis. Flat glass is also extremely temperature-resistant. Polycarbonate is advantageously particularly break-resistant with low weight. Polymethylacrylate advantageously has a high breaking strength with a low weight and good scratch resistance. Particularly advantageous properties for the laminated glass component can be achieved by combinations of the materials for the first substrate and the second substrate.

In a preferred embodiment, the composite material is a plastic layer between the partially mirrored component and the second transparent substrate. This plastic layer consists in particular of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyurethane. On the one hand, these composite materials create a high-strength connection between the substrates and, on the other hand, prevent chips from flying around in an uncontrolled manner in the event of damage.

• 1 ein Schichtaufbau eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen zumindest teilweise verspiegelten Bauelements;
• 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundglasbauelements;
• 3 ein Farbraumdiagramm;
• 4a verschiedene Ausführungen des erfindungsgemäßen zumindest teilweise verspiegelten Bauelements mit Sicht auf die unbeschichtete Seite des Substrats und
• 4b verschiedene Ausführungen des erfindungsgemäßen zumindest teilweise verspiegelten Bauelements mit Sicht auf die beschichtete Seite des Substrats

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example with reference to the drawings. The drawings show:

• 1 a layer structure of an embodiment of an at least partially mirrored component according to the invention;
• 2nd an embodiment of a laminated glass component according to the invention;
• 3rd a color space diagram;
• 4a different designs of the at least partially mirrored component according to the invention with a view of the uncoated side of the substrate and
• 4b Different versions of the at least partially mirrored component according to the invention with a view of the coated side of the substrate

1 shows a first embodiment of a partially mirrored component 100 . The partially mirrored component 100 includes a transparent substrate 11 , the Z. B. consists of a highly transparent flat glass or a transparent plastic. On the substrate 11 is an adhesion promoter in the exemplary embodiment 12 upset. The highly transparent flat glass in the exemplary embodiment consists of a soda-lime-silicate glass. The substrate 11 made of transparent plastic can consist in particular of polymethyl methacrylate or in particular of polycarbonate.

The adhesion promoter 12 consists essentially of SiOx in the exemplary embodiment. The adhesion promoter ensures that the following layer is reliable and stable on the substrate 11 is liable. Alternatively, SiOx, an Al: SiOx, for example doped with aluminum, can also be used as the material for promoting adhesion. The Al: SiOx is then, for example, doped with 200 ppm to approx. 10% in order to be able to sputter it better from a target which is then conductive. The adhesion promoter 12 is applied in layer thicknesses of 15 to 50 nm and preferably in layer thicknesses of 25 nm to 35 nm.

The adhesion promoter 12 follows a mirror layer consisting of a first metal layer 13 . For this purpose, a Cr layer is preferably preferably applied, preferably by magnetron sputtering. However, alternative metals such as Ag, Al, NiCrWV with (Ni 20-45%, Cr 5-20%, W 45-70%, V 0) or NiCr with (Ni 40 - 80%) can also be used. The task of this layer is the almost complete reflection of the light incident from the substrate side. Accordingly, the transmission of the light incident from the substrate side should be largely prevented.

On the first layer of metal 13 becomes a first oxide layer 21st applied. This first layer of oxide 21st consists of a first sub-layer in the exemplary embodiment 14 that are on the first metal layer 13 is applied, and a second sub-layer 15 . The first sub-layer 14 in the exemplary embodiment consists essentially of SiOx with a thickness between 20 nm and 30 nm and preferably with a thickness between 24 nm and 26 nm. As an alternative material, for example Al: SiOx with (Al 200ppm - 10%) for the first partial layer 14 be used. The second sub-layer 15 in the exemplary embodiment consists essentially of ZSOx with a thickness between 25 nm and 40 nm and preferably between 32 nm and 34 nm. As an alternative to ZSOx, ZnO, Al: ZnO with (Al 0-5%), SiN or Ti (Zr ) Ox with (Zr 0-100%) suitable. With the first oxide layer 21st becomes the first layer of metal 13 anti-reflective so that light is emitted from the the substrate 11 side facing away, is not reflected.

A second metal layer follows 15 . This second layer of metal 16 in the exemplary embodiment consists essentially of NiCr, for example NiCr with (Ni 60-90%), but can also consist of CrN. Here, a layer with a thickness between 10 nm and 20 nm and preferably between 13 nm and 15 nm is applied to the first oxide layer with a magnetron sputter 21st applied. With the second metal layer 16 are light waves that hit the substrate 11 impact on the opposite side, absorbed.

The second metal layer 16 with a second oxide layer 22 coated. The second oxide layer 21st in the exemplary embodiment again consists of one on the second metal layer 16 applied first sub-layer 17th that and a second sub-layer 18th . The first sub-layer 17th in the exemplary embodiment consists essentially of ZSOx with a thickness between 45 nm and 65 nm and preferably between 49 nm and 59 nm. ZnO, Al: ZnO with (Al 0-5%), SiN or Ti ( Zr) Ox with (Zr 0-100%). The second sub-layer 18th in the exemplary embodiment consists essentially of SiOx with a thickness between 18 nm and 30 nm and preferably with a thickness between 22 nm and 24 nm. For example, Al: SiOx with (Al 200ppm - 10%) can also be used as an alternative for the second partial layer 18th be used. With the second oxide layer 22 becomes the second metal layer 16 in addition to their absorption effect so anti-reflective so that light is emitted by the substrate 11 Since facing away, is not reflected.

To protect the layer system 20th is a hardened cover layer on the surface in the exemplary embodiment 19th intended. This top layer essentially consists of TZO. Alternatively, this cover layer can also consist essentially of Ti (Zr) Ox with (Zr 0-100%). The top layer 19th can have a thickness between 1 nm and 5 nm, preferably between 2 nm and 3 nm. The top layer provides permanent chemical and mechanical stability of the layer system ensured. The optical properties of the layer system 20th unaffected.

The at least partially mirrored component 100 viewed from the non-coated side, has an average reflectance in the visible region of the spectrum of preferably at least 50%. Viewed from the coated side, the partially mirrored component has 100 preferably at most a reflectance of 8%. The mean transmission in the visible region of the spectrum is preferably less than 2% and particularly preferably less than 0.2%.

The spectral reflection should be on both sides of the partially mirrored component 100 be neutral in color. The color rendering index of the partially mirrored component is after EN 410 standard at least 90 and preferably over 95. As in 3rd color values of the reflection according to the EN ISO 11664 standard -CIE 1976 L * a * b * / D65 / 10 ° in the range -5 <a * <1 and - 5 <b * <1, but preferably in the range -2 <a * <0 and -2 <b * <0. At the same time, the residual transmission should be as low as possible.

The multilayer coating described above 20th a combination of metallic and dielectric individual layers is preferably applied in a vacuum by magnetron sputtering. Materials and layer thicknesses are selected so that a high and a low reflecting side are created according to the principle of interference from electromagnetic radiation (light). In addition, the non-reflected radiation is absorbed to a high degree in the coating, so that the residual transmission is reduced.

The choice of materials is the layer system 20th designed so that it is stable against physical and chemical loads such as increased temperature, ultraviolet radiation and corrosive attack. A corresponding test of these properties is described in DIN EN 1096-2, the layer system 20th meets the requirements of resistance class B described there.

2nd shows an embodiment of a corresponding laminated glass component 200 . The laminated glass component 200 consists of a partially mirrored component 100 according to the embodiment described above and a second transparent substrate 210 by a composite material 211 are firmly connected.

The second transparent substrate 210 consists of a highly transparent flat glass which in the exemplary embodiment is made of a soda-lime-silicate glass. It is also for the second substrate 210 a transparent plastic is suitable, which consists in particular of polymethyl methacrylate or in particular of polycarbonate.

Around the laminated glass component 200 To impart certain mechanical properties, the different substrate materials can be combined particularly advantageously.

As a composite material 211 a polymer is used in the exemplary embodiment. This polymer consists in particular of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyurethane. It should be possible to laminate the coating within a multi-layer composite and thereby fulfill the optical requirements described above. The laminated glass component 200 can be, for example, a laminated glass or a laminated safety glass according to EN 12543.

Through the appropriate selection of materials, it is possible to use the layer system 20th so that the mechanical adhesion between the substrate within a laminate 11 , the layer system 20th and the composite material 211 , as well as within the layer system 20th enables a permanent and mechanically and chemically stable multilayer composite. The laminated glass component thus formed 200 meets the requirements of laminated safety glass according to EN 12543.

4a shows different versions of the at least partially mirrored component with a view of the uncoated side of the substrate and 4b with a view of the coated side of the substrate 11 . It can clearly be seen that the at least partially mirrored component 100 partial surface, for example with ornaments or lettering, coated elements can be produced.

The production of the coating with the magnetron sputtering process according to the lift-off process also makes a partial coating of the substrate 11 possible. In this case, a partial masking layer consisting of a polymer lacquer or a film is generally applied to the surface of the substrate to be coated 11 upset. After the full surface coating with the layer system 20th the masking layer is removed physically or chemically. With the removal of the masking layer, the undesirable part of the layer system also becomes 20th removed from the substrate. The layer system with the desired ornaments and lettering remains firmly attached to the substrate 20th connected and thus form a partially mirrored component 100 .

The partially mirrored component was created in this way 100 is unrestricted in the laminated glass component 200 applicable.

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments shown. All of the features described above or features shown in the figures of the drawing or features claimed in the claims can advantageously be combined with one another in the context of the invention.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2018/0180776 A1 [0003]

Non-patent literature cited

• Standard EN 410 [0032]
• Standard EN ISO 11664 [0032]

Claims (15)

An at least partially mirrored component (100) with a layer system (20) applied to a transparent substrate (11), which contains a first metal layer (13) and at least a second metal layer (16), at least one first oxide layer (21 ) is embedded. Partly mirrored component Claim 1 , characterized in that the first metal layer (13) consists essentially of Cr and the second metal layer (16) consists essentially of NiCr. Partly mirrored component Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that the at least one first embedded oxide layer (21) consists of SiOx and / or ZSOx. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 3rd , characterized in that at least one second oxide layer (22) is applied to the second metal layer (16). Partly mirrored component Claim 4 , characterized in that the at least second oxide layer (22) consists essentially of SiOx and / or essentially ZSOx. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that an adhesion promoter (12) is introduced between the transparent substrate (11) and the first metal layer (13), the adhesion promoter (12) preferably consisting essentially of SiOx. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that an outermost layer of the layer system (20) is a cover layer (19), the cover layer (19) preferably consisting essentially of TZO. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the first metal layer (13) has a thickness between 30 nm and 60 nm, preferably between 40 nm and 50 nm and particularly preferably between 44 nm and 46 nm, and that the second metal layer (16) has a thickness between 10 nm and 20 nm, preferably between 13 nm and 15 nm. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the first oxide layer (21) has a first partial layer (14) essentially made of SiOx with a thickness between 20 nm and 30 nm, preferably between 24 nm and 26 nm, and a second partial layer (15) essentially ZSOx with a thickness between 25 nm and 40 nm, preferably between 32 nm and 34 nm. Partly mirrored component Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the second oxide layer (22) has a first partial layer (17) consisting essentially of ZSOx, a thickness between 45 nm and 65 nm, preferably between 49 nm and 59 nm and particularly preferably between 53 nm and 55 nm, and a second partial layer (18) essentially made of SiOx, which has a thickness between 18 nm and 30 nm, preferably between 22 nm and 24 nm. Partly mirrored component Claim 7 , characterized in that the cover layer (19) has a thickness between 1 nm and 5 nm, preferably between 2 nm and 3 nm. Partly mirrored component according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that the transparent substrate (11) made of glass, in particular from flat glass with high light transmission, in particular from soda-lime-silicate glass, or a transparent plastic, in particular from polycarbonate (PC) or in particular from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), consists. Laminated glass component (200) consisting of a partially mirrored component (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 12 , a composite material (211) applied to the layer system (20) of this component (100) and at least one second transparent substrate (210). Laminated glass component after Claim 13 , characterized in that the second transparent substrate (210) made of glass, in particular flat glass with high light transmission, in particular a soda-lime-silicate glass, or a transparent plastic, in particular made of polycarbonate (PC) or in particular of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , consists. Laminated glass component after Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that the composite material (211) consists of a plastic layer, in particular of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate or polyurethane.

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