DE202019005584U1 - Surge protection device modules - Google Patents

Abstract

A surge protection device (SPD) module (100) for use with a power line bus (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) and an accessory device (70), the SPD module (100) comprising: a module housing (110) ; a surge protector (130) on the module housing (110); a contact clip (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module (100) to the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) to be connected; andan auxiliary power supply connector (182) mounted on the module housing (110); wherein the auxiliary power supply connector (182) is also electrically connected to the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) to receive power from the voltage line busbar (L1, L2 , L3, N, PE) to the auxiliary device (70) through the auxiliary power supply port (182); and wherein the contact clip (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) comprises a spring contact element (122) configured to receive and engage the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE).

Description

Related registration (s)

This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/783 804 , filed on December 21, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to surge protection devices.

State of the art

Excessive voltage or current is often applied through utility lines that provide power to residential, commercial and institutional facilities. Such excessive voltage or current peaks (transient overvoltages and surge currents) can result, for example, from lightning strikes. The above events can be of particular concern and very costly in telecommunications distribution centers, hospitals and other facilities where equipment damage caused by surges and / or surge currents is unacceptable and results in downtime.

Typically, sensitive electronic equipment can be protected from transient overvoltages and surge currents using surge protective devices (SPDs). For example, a surge protection device may be installed on a power input of equipment to be protected, which is typically protected from overcurrents when it fails. A typical failure mode of an SPD is a short circuit. The overcurrent protection typically used is a combination of an internal thermal circuit breaker to protect the device from overheating due to increased leakage currents and an external fuse to protect the device from higher leakage currents. Different SPD technologies can avoid the use of the internal thermal circuit breaker because they change their operating mode to a low-ohmic resistor in the event of a failure.

In the event of a surge current occurring on a line L (e.g., a voltage line of a three-phase circuit), protection of power system load devices may require providing a current path to ground for the excessive current of the surge current. The surge current can create a transient overvoltage between the line L and the neutral conductor N generate (the neutral N can be conductive with an earth PE be coupled). Since the transient overvoltage significantly exceeds the operating voltage of the SPD, the SPD becomes conductive, allowing the excessive current to pass from line L through the SPD to the neutral N to flow. As soon as the surge current to the neutral conductor N has been conducted, the overvoltage condition ends and the SPD can become non-conductive again. In some cases, however, one or more SPDs begin to allow leakage current to be conducted even at voltages lower than the operating voltage of the SPDs. Such conditions can arise in the event of an SPD deteriorating.

Brief description

In accordance with some embodiments, a surge protection device (SPD) module for mounting on a busbar includes a surge limiting element and a contact clip assembly. The contact terminal arrangement is electrically connected to the overvoltage limiting element. The contact clip assembly is configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module to the busbar. The contact clip assembly includes: a contact element configured and configured to receive and make electrical contact with a busbar; and a complementary spring configured and configured to resiliently resist deflection of the contact element. The contact element is formed from a first material and the complementary spring is formed from a second material different from the first material.

In some embodiments, the first material has greater electrical conductivity and flexibility than the second material.

In some embodiments, the contact element is substantially U-shaped and has first and second opposing cantilevered legs, the first and second legs defining a busbar receiving slot to receive the busbar, and the additional spring being configured and configured is to resiliently resist the deflection of the first and second legs of the contact element.

According to some embodiments, the supplementary spring element is essentially U-shaped and surrounds a section of the contact element which has the first and second legs.

In some embodiments, the supplemental spring element has first and second Engaging features, which are opposite to each other, which contact the first and second legs, respectively.

The SPD module can have gaps that are defined between the first and second legs and the supplementary spring element, the gaps allowing relative displacement between the contact element and the additional spring.

In some embodiments, the contact element further includes third and fourth cantilevered legs that are opposed to one another and that define the busbar receiving slot.

The SPD module can have a second supplementary spring element which is set up and configured to elastically withstand the deflection of the third and fourth legs of the contact element.

The SPD module may have a module housing that is configured to be mounted on the busbar, with the overvoltage limiting element and the contact terminal arrangement being mounted on the housing.

According to some embodiments, the overvoltage limiting element comprises a varistor.

The SPD module may further include a gas discharge tube (GDT) connected to the varistor and the contact clip assembly.

In some embodiments, the overvoltage limiter includes a GDT.

In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a surge protection device (SPD) module for use with a voltage line bus and ancillary device includes: a module housing; an overvoltage limiter on the module housing; a contact clip configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module to the power line bus and an auxiliary power connector mounted on the module housing. The auxiliary power supply terminal is also electrically connected to the contact clip for supplying power from the power line bus to the auxiliary device through the auxiliary power supply terminal.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary power terminal is electrically connected to the contact clip between the contact clip and the overvoltage limiter.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary power connector is configured to releasably receive an electrical cable for electrically connecting the auxiliary device to the power line bus.

The overvoltage limiting element can have a varistor.

The overvoltage limiting element can have a GDT.

In accordance with embodiments of the invention, an overvoltage protection device (SPD) module includes a first overvoltage limiting element, a second overvoltage limiting element, a first thermal circuit breaker mechanism, a second thermal circuit breaker mechanism, and an indicator mechanism. The first thermal breaker mechanism is responsive to overheating of the first overvoltage limiter to disconnect the first overvoltage limiter. The second thermal breaker mechanism is responsive to overheating of the second overvoltage limiter to disconnect the second overvoltage limiter. The indicator mechanism is operable to provide a warning that the SPD module has failed in response to actuation of one of the first and second thermal breaker mechanisms.

In some embodiments, the indicator mechanism includes a local warning mechanism that provides a visual indication on the SPD module that one of the first and second thermal breaker mechanisms has been actuated.

According to some embodiments, the local warning mechanism includes a window in the module housing and an indicator element movable between a standby position and an indicator position with respect to the window in response to actuation of one of the first and second thermal breaker mechanisms.

In some embodiments, the indicator mechanism includes: an indicator element movable between a standby position and an indicator position; a spring-loaded rocker arm in a non-tripped position and which responds to actuation of the first thermal circuit breaker mechanism to break the Forcing the indicator element from the standby position to the indicator position; and a second spring loaded rocker in a non-triggered position and responsive to actuation of the second thermal circuit breaker mechanism to force the indicator element from the ready position to the indicator position.

According to some embodiments, the first thermal circuit breaker mechanism includes a first circuit breaker spring resiliently bent and electrically connected to the overvoltage limiter by a first solder in a connected position; the first solder is responsive to overheating of the first overvoltage limiter to release the first disconnect switch spring from the connected position to an actuated position, the first disconnect switch spring being disconnected from the first overvoltage limiter; the second thermal breaker mechanism includes a second breaker switch spring resiliently deflected and electrically connected to the second overvoltage limiter by a second solder in a connection position; the second solder is responsive to overheating of the second overvoltage limiter to release the second disconnect switch spring from the disconnected position to an actuated position in which the second disconnect switch spring is disconnected from the second overvoltage limiter; in this position the first isolating switch spring retains the first rocker in its untripped position when it is in its connected position and, when actuated, the first isolating switch spring allows the first rocker to move to move the indicator element from the standby position to force the indicator position; and when in its disconnected position, the second isolating switch spring retains the second rocker in its untripped position and, when actuated, allows the second isolating switch spring to move the second rocker to move the indicator element from the standby position to the To force indicator position.

According to embodiments of the invention, an overvoltage protection device (SPD) has a gas discharge tube (GDT), a GDT electrode and a solder. The gas discharge tube (GDT) has a GDT clamp. The GDT electrode has an electrode center axis and has an annular base ring portion; a coupling portion axially spaced from the base ring portion; and an integral connecting portion that is axially spanned between and connecting to the base ring portion to the coupling portion. The solder is inserted between the base ring portion and the GDT electrode and bonds them.

In some embodiments, the connecting portion includes: a plurality of circumferentially spaced connecting legs extending axially between the base ring portion and the coupling portion and connecting the base ring portion to the coupling portion; and openings defined between these legs.

According to some embodiments, the connecting legs are circumferentially spaced substantially equidistantly on the base ring section.

In some embodiments, the connecting portion has a profile that is substantially cylindrical, conical, or frustoconical, and a cavity defined within the connecting portion.

In accordance with some embodiments, a surge protection device (SPD) module for mounting on a busbar includes a module housing, an overvoltage limiter, and a contact clip. The module housing has an outer side wall surface. The module housing is configured to be mounted on the busbar. The overvoltage limiting element is located in the module housing. The contact clip is configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module to the busbar. The module housing further includes a spacing rib that extends from the outer side wall surface a prescribed spacing distance.

In some embodiments, the spacing distance is selected to ensure that a second module, which is mounted on the busbar adjacent the SPD module, is spaced from the outer side wall by at least a prescribed separation distance to provide a separation space to allow airflow through to provide the separation space.

In some embodiments, the spacing distance is selected such that when the second module is spaced from the SPD module by a distance within a maximum prescribed separation distance, a gap between the spacing rib and the second module is less than a prescribed shield width so that a An object having a thickness greater than the prescribed shield width is prevented from being inserted between the SPD module and the second module in order to contact the prescribed object with the bus bar.

Figure list

• 1 FIG. 3 is a front view of a power system including a cabinet, a set of bus bars, and an SPD module in accordance with some embodiments.
• 2 FIG. 14 is a side view of the SPD module of FIG 1 mounted on the busbars.
• 3 FIG. 13 is an enlarged, fragmentary side view of the SPD module of FIG 1 mounted on the busbars.
• 4th FIG. 13 is a front perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 5 FIG. 13 is a rear perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 6th FIG. 13 is an exploded front perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 7th FIG. 13 is a fragmentary front perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 8th FIG. 13 is a fragmentary side view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 9 FIG. 13 is a fragmentary front perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 10 FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of an SPD assembly that forms part of the SPD module of FIG 1 forms, from a first page.
• 11 FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the SPD assembly of FIG 10 from an opposite side.
• 12th FIG. 13 is an exploded front perspective view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 13th FIG. 13 is an enlarged, fragmentary side view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 14th FIG. 14 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional rear view of the SPD module of FIG 1 , taken along line 14-14 of the 13th taken.
• 15th FIG. 13 is an exploded front perspective view of a connector subassembly that forms part of the SPD module of FIG 1 forms.
• 16 FIG. 14 is an enlarged, fragmentary end view of the SPD module of FIG 1 .
• 17th FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a GDT electrode forming part of the SPD module of FIG 1 forms.
• 18th FIG. 13 is a schematic view illustrating a power circuit that includes the bus bars and the SPD module of FIG 1 contains.
• The 19th to 21 show three of the SPD modules of the 1 and three circuit breaker modules mounted in a side-by-side arrangement on bus bars in a cabinet.

description

The present invention will now be described more fully herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawings, the relative sizes of areas or features may be exaggerated for clarity. However, this invention can be practiced in many different ways and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

It is understood that when an element is called “coupled” or “connected” to another element, it may be directly coupled or connected to the other element or to intervening elements, which may also be present. In contrast, when an element is said to be "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present. The same reference numbers refer to the same elements throughout.

In addition, spatial terms such as “below,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “above,” and the like may be used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship of an element or feature with one or more other elements or to describe features as illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial reference terms are intended to include different orientations of the component in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, elements described as “below” or “below” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. The exemplary term “below” can therefore include both an alignment from above and below. The device may be oriented differently (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatial reference descriptors used herein are designed accordingly.

Well known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and / or clarity.

As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The terminology used herein is intended to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the articles “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural and singular, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” when used in this disclosure indicate the presence of the named features, integers, steps, acts, elements, and / or components, but indicate the presence or addition not exclude one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise indicated, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. It is further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant prior art, and not construed in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined herein.

As used herein, "monolithic" means an object that is a single, unitary piece formed from or consists of a material with no seams or seams. Alternatively, a unitary object can be an assembly composed of multiple parts or components attached to one another at seams or hems.

With reference to the 1 to 21 Shown therein is a surge protection device (SPD) module 100 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The SPD module 100 can in a power system 10 be used. The power supply system 10 assigns a rack or cabinet 62 on, for example, a sentence 64 from five busbars L1 , L2 , L3 N and PE contains. The busbars L1 , L2 and L3 are connected to each of three voltage lines of a three-phase power system. The busbar N is connected to a neutral of the three-phase power system. The busbar PE is coupled to a ground or a protective conductor. Each of these three phase lines can be connected to a main circuit breaker or a fuse, for example in or near the cabinet 62 be provided. The SPD module 100 is on the busbars 64 mounted to the equipment 60 that go with the busbars 64 connected to protect against transient overvoltages and surge currents.

The SPD module 100 has a module housing assembly 110 , a mounting system 120 , a three-phase surge protection system 131 , an integral indicator system 171 (that has a local warning mechanism 171A and a remote warning mechanism 171B has), an auxiliary protective conductor (PE) terminal 186 and an auxiliary power supply system 181 on. Each of these components and systems is an integral part of the SPD module 100 and is on the case 110 as discussed in more detail below.

According to some embodiments, and as shown, the SPD module is 100 for mounting on the set 64 of manifolds L1-L3 , N , PE configured, sized and shaped. The busbars L1-L3 , N , PE are set up in series in such a way that they extend lengthways substantially parallel to one another and of columns 7th are laterally spaced. According to some embodiments, and as shown, the SPD module is 100 removable and replaceable mountable on the busbars. In some embodiments, the busbars correspond 64 DIN 43 800 and DIN 43 870 part 2 .

The module 100 has a primary axis AA which is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes BB of the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE and an axis at the height CC which extends substantially perpendicular to each of the axes AA and BB. As used herein, “fronts” or “distal” refer to the end of the module 100 that from the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE is further away if the module 100 on the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE is mounted and “back” or “proximal” refers to the end of the module 100 that the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE closer.

The housing arrangement 110 has a back cover member 114 and two front cover members 111 , 112 , which together form a housing on. The housing defines an enclosed internal cavity 110A . The housing arrangement 110 also has an inner dividing element 113 on.

A front indicator port or window 111A is on a front wall of the cover member 112 intended. The indicator window 111A can serve to visually change the state of the module 100 as discussed below.

The housing elements 111 to 114 can be formed from any electrically insulating material or materials. In some embodiments, each of the housing members is 111 to 114 formed from a rigid polymer material or metal (e.g. aluminum). According to some embodiments, the housing elements 111 to 114 formed from an electrically insulating polymer material. Useful polymer materials can include, for example, polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or ABS.

The assembly system 121 comprises electrical contact connector assemblies or contact terminal assemblies C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE (collectively referred to herein as terminal assemblies C) and busbar receiver channels or slots 114A (the one in the back of the module 100 are defined), as well as a locking element 110 on. The connector assemblies C and the slots 114A are sized and configured to the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE to record. The locking element 116 has retention features (hooks) 116A on. The locking element 116 is with respect to the rear case member 114 slidable to selectively place the bus bars in the slots 114A catch. The locking element 116 can be formed from an electrically insulating material, as described above for the housing elements.

The electrical contact clamp assemblies C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE can each be built and function in the same way. The clamp arrangement C3 is described in more detail below. It should be understood, however, that this description applies equally to the clamp assemblies C1 , CN , CPE applies.

The contact clamp arrangement C3 has a contact element 122 and a pair of complementary springs 124 on. The contact element 122 and the complementary feathers 124 together form a connector subassembly 125 that are in a corresponding busbar slot 114A sits. The complementary feathers 124 also sit in feather slots 114B who have favourited the busbar slot 114A flank.

The contact element 122 is a thin sheet that is substantially U-shaped in side cross-section. The contact element has a base portion 122A and four integral legs 122C on by the side edges of the base section 122A hang and cantilever. A closure opening 122B is in the base section 122A Are defined.

The base section 122A and the thighs 122C together define a busbar receiving slot 126 having a rear opening 126C having. The thigh 122C on each side are through a side slit or a column 122F so separated that the legs 122C each can bend or deflect independently of the other. In some embodiments, the contact element is 122 a feather.

The contact element 122 can consist of a suitable resilient, electrically conductive material. In some embodiments, the contact element is 122 formed from metal. In some embodiments, the contact element is 122 formed from copper or copper alloy. Suitable metal materials can include, for example, CuSn6, Cu, or CuSn0.15. In some embodiments, the contact element is 122 unitary (composite or monolithic) and, in some embodiments, the contact element is 122 monolithic. In some embodiments, the contact element 122 formed from sheet metal (for example, cut out and bent).

According to some embodiments, each has a complementary spring 124 a strength T2 in the range of about 0.3 mm to 5 mm.

According to some embodiments, the material of the contact element comprises 122 an electrical conductivity of at least 5 MS / m (at 20 ° C).

The complementary feathers 124 can be essentially identical. Any complementary feather 124 is essentially U-shaped. Any complementary feather 124 has a central middle section 124A and a pair of opposite legs 124B on, those from opposite ends of the central section 124A hang and cantilever.

The middle section 124A and a pair of opposite legs 124B every feather 124 together define a contact slot 124D having a rear opening 124E having.

Any of the complementary feathers 124 is above the contact element 122 mounted so that the complementary spring 124 a portion of the contact element 122 surrounds and each of her thighs 124B into a corresponding opposing pair of legs 122C intervenes.

Integral contact engagement features 124C protrude from each thigh 124B inward forward.

The complementary feathers 124 can be formed from any resilient material. In some embodiments, the complementary springs 124 formed from metal. In some embodiments, the springs are 124 formed from steel and can be formed from carbon or spring steel. Suitable metal materials can be, for example, C45, C67, or 50CrV4 steel. In some embodiments, each is a complementary spring 124 unitary (composite or monolithic), and in some embodiments each complementary spring is 124 monolithic. In some embodiments, each is a complementary spring 124 formed from sheet metal (e.g. stamped).

According to some embodiments, each has a complementary spring 124 a strength T3 in the range of about 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

The busbar receiving slot 126 has an inner section 126A (of one width W1 ( 13th ) has), and an outer or engaging portion 126B having a width W2 ( 13th ) has. When the contact arrangement C3 is in the ready or relaxed position (i.e., no busbar in the slot 122D installed), the width W2 is smaller than the width W1 and is also smaller than the busbar that is in the contact arrangement C3 should be installed.

When the contact arrangement C3 is in the ready or relaxed position (i.e., no busbar in the slot 126 installed), define the relative shapes of the contact element 122 and the complementary feathers 124 Displacement columns 128 between the upper sections of the thighs 122C and the surrounding complementary feathers 124 .

The contact element 122 is made of a different material than the material (s) of the complementary springs 124 educated. The contact element 122 and the complementary feathers 124 are relatively characterized in that the contact element 122 is formed from an electrically conductive material that is softer and more malleable than the complementary springs 124 , and the complementary springs 124 are made of a material that is strong and more resilient than that of the contact element 122 .

The three-phase overvoltage protection (PS) system 131 includes a protective conductor discharge tube (PE GDT) 158, a first line SPD arrangement S1 , a second line SPD arrangement S2 and an SPD arrangement S3 third line on. The SPD orders S1 can be essentially identical in construction and only the SPD arrangement S3 is described in detail, it being assumed that this description applies equally to the SPD arrangements S1 and S2 applies.

The SPD arrangement S3 has an overvoltage limiting arrangement 130 , a thermal breaker mechanism 151 and a frame 117 on.

The frame 117 can be made of an electrically insulating material, as for the housing elements 111 to 114 described, are formed.

In some embodiments, and as shown, the surge arrester assembly includes 130 a varistor 132 , a first electrode 134 , a second electrode 136 , a gas discharge tube (GDT) 138 , GDT-Lot 139 , a GDT electrode 140 , a bridge element 148 and fastenings 5.

The varistor 132 has opposite contact surfaces 132A , 132B . Metallization layers can be the contact surfaces 132A , 132B cover. The first electrode 134 is to the contact surface 132A (i.e. bonded to the metallization layer, if any) by solder, and the second electrode 136 is to the contact surface 132B (i.e. to the metallization layer, if present) is bonded by solder in such a way that the electrodes 134 and 136 each electrically with the contact surfaces 132A and 134A are connected. The first electrode 134 has an end tab 134B on.

The thickness and diameter of the varistors 132 depend on the varistor characteristics desired for the particular application.

The varistor material of the varistor 132 may be any convenient material commonly used for varistors, namely, a material that exhibits a nonlinear resistance characteristic with applied voltage. In some embodiments, the varistor is 132 a metal oxide varistor (MOV). Preferably, the resistance becomes very low when a prescribed voltage is exceeded. The varistor material can be, for example, a doped metal oxide or silicon carbide. Useful metal oxides include zinc oxide compounds.

The first and second electrodes 134 , 136 are electrically conductive. In some embodiments, the electrodes 134 , 136 formed from metal. In some embodiments, the electrodes 134 , 136 formed from copper or copper alloy. Useful metals can include CuSn6, Cu, or CuSn0.15.

The GDT 138 has a body 138A and an anode clip 138B as well as a cathode clamp 138C on opposite ends of the body 138A on. The body 138A contains an anode, a cathode, a spark gap chamber, as known in the prior art.

In some embodiments, and as shown, the GDT is 138 Wafer-shaped or disc-shaped, with electrical terminals 138B and 138C that are on opposite major surfaces of the body 138A lie. An annular electrical insulator (for example ceramic) can be the body 138A between the terminals 138B , 138C surround. In some embodiments, and as illustrated, are the outer surfaces of the clamps 138B , 138C substantially flat and planar or have a substantially flat or planar circular or ring-shaped contact area.

The body 138A has a hermetically or gas-tight sealed chamber or cell in which a selected gas is contained. The clamps 138B , 138C are electrically connected to the gas (for example by respective electrode sections in fluid contact with the contained gas). Below a prescribed arcing voltage, the GDT 138 between the terminals 138B , 138C electrically insulating. If one over the terminals 138B , 138C applied voltage exceeds the prescribed arcing voltage, the contained gas is ionized to cause current to flow through the gas (through the Townsend discharge process) and thereby between the terminals 138B , 138C . The GDT 138 therefore isolates or conducts selectively depending on the applied voltage. The voltage required to initiate and sustain electrical conduction (discharge) depends on the design features of the GDT 138 (for example on the geometry, the gas pressure and the gas composition).

In some embodiments, the ratio is the diameter of the GDT 138 to their strength in the range of about 2 to 20. In some embodiments, the GDT 138 has a surge current and energy withstanding capability at least as large as that of the MOV varistor wafer 132 (combined), which comes in series with the GDT 138 is used.

Suitable GDTs can include Class I and Class II GDTs. Suitable GDTs can have nominal pulse currents of 5 kA to 150 kA and maximum continuous operating voltage of 75 V to 750 V. Useful GDTs may include the 3L30-25 600V Flat Gas Discharge Tube available from Iskra Zascite d.o.o., Slovenia, or the D20-A800XP GDT from TDK-EPC Corporation, Japan (EPCOS).

The anode clamp 138B is mechanically attached and electrically connected to the second electrode 136 for example connected by solder.

The GDT electrode 140 has a GDT contact section or base ring section 142 , a coupling section 144 and a connecting portion 146 on. The GDT electrode 140 defines a central longitudinal axis EE which is substantially to the plane FF extending from the cathode clamp 138C the GDT 138 is defined is orthogonal. The GDT electrode 140 has opposite inner and outer ends 140A and 140B .

The base ring section 142 is annular and configured to substantially correspond to the cathode clip 138C the GDT 138 to fit. The base ring section 142 is flat and thin. The outer surface (i.e. the surface leading to the GDT 138 shows) of the base ring section 142 defines a base ring plane GG that is substantially orthogonal to the central axis EE. In some embodiments, the base ring portion is 142 essentially circular. The base ring section 142 is mechanically on the cathode clamp 138C by Lot 139 attached and electrically connected.

The coupling section 144 is flat and thin. The outer surface (i.e. the surface leading to the GDT 138 shows) of the coupling section 144 defines a coupling section plane HH which is substantially orthogonal to the central axis EE. In some embodiments, the coupling portion is 144 essentially circular. A closure opening 144A is in the coupling section 144 Are defined.

The connecting section 140 has a plurality of legs 146A on, extending generally axially from the end 140A to the end 140B extend and the base ring portion 142 with the coupling section 144 connect. An open space or cavity 140C is within the base ring section, the coupling section 144 and the thigh 146A Are defined. The thigh 146A are circumferentially spaced, and openings 146B are between the thighs 146A Are defined. The openings 146B stand with the cavity 140C fluidically in communication.

In some embodiments, the legs are 146A circumferentially substantially equally spaced or uniformly around the circumference of the base ring 142 distributed.

In some embodiments, the GDT electrode 140 at least three legs 146A on. In some embodiments, the exact number of legs is 146A in the GDT electrode 140 in the range of about 2 to 10.

In some embodiments, the spacing distance is H1 between the base ring section 142 and the coupling section 144 (i.e. the height of the connecting section 146 ) at least 6.5 mm, and in some embodiments it is in the range of about 0 to 15 mm.

In some embodiments, the base ring portion 142 , the thigh 146A and the coupling section 144 one strength each T4 in the range of about 0.3 mm to about 5 mm.

The GDT electrode 140 is electrically conductive. In some embodiments, the GDT electrode is 140 formed from metal. In some embodiments, the electrode 140 formed from copper or copper alloy. Useful metals can include CuSn6, Cu, or CuSn0.15. In some embodiments, the contact element is 140 unitary (composite or monolithic) and, in some embodiments, the contact element is 140 monolithic.

The bridge element 148 has a connecting portion 148A and integral opposing coupling sections 148B , 148C on.

The coupling section 148B is essentially flat and has an attachment opening 148D on. The coupling section 148B is at the coupling section 144 mechanically fastened by a fastening 5 and electrically connected. In some embodiments, the fastener 5 is a metal rivet. In some embodiments, the contact surface is the coupling portion 148B essentially to the contact surface of the coupling section 144 parallel so that the two surfaces come into close and even contact.

The coupling section 148C is essentially flat and has an attachment opening 148E on. The coupling section 148C is at the base 122A the contact spring 122 mechanically fastened by a fastening 5 and electrically connected. In some embodiments, the fastener 5 is a metal rivet. In some embodiments, the contact surface is the coupling portion 148C essentially to the contact area of the base 122A parallel so that the two surfaces come into close and even contact.

The connecting section 148A is bent or shaped around the coupling section 148B with the contact surface of the coupling section 144 while also aligning the coupling section 148C with the contact area of the base 122A is aligned.

The bridge element 148 is electrically conductive. In some embodiments, the bridge element is 148 formed from metal. In some embodiments, the bridge element is 148 formed from copper or copper alloy. Useful metals can include CuSn6, Cu, or CuSn0.15. In some embodiments, the bridge element is 148 unitary (composite or monolithic) and, in some embodiments, the bridge element is 148 monolithic. In some embodiments, the bridge element is 148 a substantially rigid busbar.

According to some embodiments, the solder 139 has a melting point in the range of about 110 ° C to 230 ° C.

According to some embodiments, the solder 139 an electrical conductivity in the range of about 10 megasiemens / meter (MS / m) to 100 MS / m, and, in some embodiments, about 50 MS / m.

The construction of the GDT termination arrangement and the GDT terminal 140 can have certain advantages in the manufacture and configuration of the module 100 provide.

The SPD arrangement S3 can be put together as follows. A heat sink element 153 (discussed below) is on the graduation bottle 134B appropriate. The electrodes 134 , 136 are connected to the varistor 132 soldered. A feather 150 (discussed below) attaches to the heat sink element 153 soldered.

The GDT electrode attaches to the cathode clamp 138C soldered (before or after the previous joining steps). More specifically, the unmelted solder material is used 139 between the cathode clamp 138C and the base ring 142 inserted, with the base ring 142 is essentially centered around the central axis EE. Then heat is applied to the base ring 142 applied to the plumb bob 139 to melt and thereby the base ring 142 to connect to the cathode terminal C with solder.

In practice, the metal section of the GDT clamp functions 140 attached to the base ring 142 adjoins, as a heat sink, so more heat gets to the base ring 142 must be applied in order to melt the solder sufficiently. This heat sink effect is undesirable because it requires more heat to go to the GDT 138 is transferred what the GDT 138 can damage. The heat sink effect can also waste energy and slow down the soldering process. The GDT electrode solves or mitigates these problems by providing only limited thermal metal mass (i.e., the connecting portion 146 ) to the base ring 142 provides adjacent.

The substantially even or evenly spaced spacing of the legs 146A around the base ring 142 promotes even current distribution in the event of a surge current. The essentially coaxial device of the GDT 138 , the base ring 142 and the thigh 146A as well as the coupling section 144 can also promote uniform current distribution in the event of a surge current.

The distancing connection section 146 and the above-mentioned coaxial device can also package the SPD device more compactly S3 in the module 100 without introducing unnecessary bends or joints that can adversely affect electrical performance. The plurality of spaced apart legs 146A provides good strength without requiring unnecessary bulk of material.

In some embodiments, the connecting portion forms 146 a hollow, substantially conical, frustoconical, or cylindrical shape or profile. This geometric shape can provide inherent strength and current distribution uniformity.

The thermal breaker mechanism 151 has an isolating switch spring 150 , a layer of solder 152 and a heat sink element 153 on.

The isolating switch spring 150 has a base leg 150B and a cantilevered free leg 150B , the one with the base leg 150B connected by a radius bend on. The free leg 150A has a contact portion that has an inner contact surface 150B having to the heat sink element 153 shows.

The heat sink element 153 is mechanical and electrical with the end tab 134B connected. The inner contact area 150C is with the heat sink element 153 through the plumb line 152 bonded.

The feather 150 can be formed from any convenient material or materials. In some embodiments, the spring is 150 formed from metal. Suitable metal materials can include, for example, CuSn 0.15 alloy (bronze), nickel, brass, CuSn6, Cu-ETP, oxygen-free copper. In some embodiments, the spring is 150 unitary (composite or monolithic) and in some embodiments the spring is 150 monolithic. In some embodiments, the spring 150 formed from sheet metal (for example, cut out and bent).

According to some embodiments, the spring 150 an electrical conductivity of at least 14 nΩ · m (at 20 ° C).

The plumb bob 152 can be formed from any convenient material or materials. In some embodiments, this is solder 152 formed from metal. Suitable metal materials can include 58Bi42Sn, for example.

According to some embodiments, the solder 152 selected such that its melting point is greater than a prescribed maximum standard operating temperature, but less than or equal to a predetermined separation switching temperature. The maximum standard operating temperature can be the highest temperature that is in the solder 152 expected during normal operation (including handling of transient surges within the module's design scope 100 ). The prescribed disconnection temperature is the temperature of the solder 148 where the plumb bob 152 the feather 150 should release to the thermal failsafe mechanism 151 to operate.

According to some embodiments, the solder 152 has a melting point in the range of about 109 ° C to 160 ° C, and in some embodiments in the range of about 85 ° C to 200 ° C.

According to some embodiments, the solder 152 an electrical conductivity in the range of about 10 megasiemens / meter (MS / m) to 100 MS / m, and in some embodiments about 50 MS / m.

A bridge neutral 154 and a bridge neutral 156 electrically connect the neutral contact arrangement CN with the PE GDT 158 and the feathers 150 each of the SP arrangements S1 , S2 , S3 .

The indicator mechanism 171 has a swing arm 172 , an indicator pendulum or element 174 , an indicator spring 173 , a position sensor switch 176 and a remote signal connector 176A on.

The swing arm 172 has a tenon hole 172A on, from which a release leg emerges 172B and an indicator leg 172C extend radially. An integral spring anchor support 172E is on the release arm 172B intended. The indicator spring 173 is on the anchor support 172E mounted and resiliently compressed in such a way that they have a constant thrust in one direction DP exercises.

The indicator pendulum 174 is in the case 110 on the frame 117 Mounted so that the pendulum moves in a downward direction DS along a sliding axis NN with respect to the SPD arrangements S1 to S3 , the window 111A and the position sensor switch 176 can move. The indicator element 174 has an indicator surface 174C on.

The swing arm 172 and the indicator element 174 can be formed from any convenient material or materials. In some embodiments, they are formed from a rigid polymer material. Useful polymer materials can include, for example, polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or ABS.

If the module 100 in the ready configuration, as in the 7th and 8th shown is assembled, the indicator pendulum 174 in an untripped or ready position from a spring 174B held. The swing arm 172 each of the three SPD orders S1 to S3 is in a standby position, as in 8th shown, positioned so that their indicator leg 172C in a corresponding slot 174A in the pendulum 174 sits. The isolating switch spring 150 each of the three SPD orders S1 to S3 is elastically bent, deformed or deflected so that it constantly exerts a preload load on the corresponding solder 152 exerts, the preload tending to the spring 150 from the heat sink element 153 in a release direction DR move away.

The rocker arm is in the standby configuration 172 in the position shown in 8th is shown by the isolating switch spring 150 kept locked. The indicator spring 173 is elastically compressed in such a way that it constantly exerts a preload load which tends to act on the release arm 172B in a pivoting direction DP to push (that is, to the back of the module 100 ). The indicator pendulum 174 is thereby firmly attached in the standby position in which the indicator surface 174C not with the window 111A aligned and this is visible.

The auxiliary power supply system 181 has an auxiliary power connector 182 and an electrical jumper cable 184 on. The jumper cable 184 has a flexible cable 184A on that with terminating connectors 184B , 184C is completed. The connector 184B is with a clamp 148D of the bridge element 148 the SPD order S1 joined together, and the connector 184B is with the auxiliary power connector 182 put together. The auxiliary power connector 182 thereby becomes electrical with the contact arrangement C1 connected to power directly from the busbar L1 to the auxiliary power supply connector 182 to deliver.

The auxiliary power connector 182 may be any convenient type of connector for electrically coupling to a supply conductor (e.g., cable) of an accessory device (e.g., the device 70 ) be. Useful types of connectors for the auxiliary power connector 182 can for example have a screw terminal, a push-in terminal, a soldered connection or a welded connection.

When using an additional device or additional equipment 70 electrically with the auxiliary power supply connector 182 for example using a connecting cable 72 be connected to power from the busbar L1 to the equipment 70 to deliver. Equipment 70 can be mounted in the same cabinet as the module 100 or in an adjoining cabinet or tier. Equipment 70 can with its own ground connection independent of the module 100 be provided.

The auxiliary power connector 182 has an electrical contact that is outside the housing 110 (for example through a cable port 182A) is accessible. The connector 182 may provide a user-manageable mechanism for locking the cable 72 on the connector 182 and / or releasing the cable 72 from the connector 182 exhibit.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary power connector is 182 configured to allow a user to select an electrical conductor from one or more accessory devices 70 with the auxiliary power supply connector 182 move in, move out, and move back in.

The system 101 can be used in accordance with methods of the present invention as follows.

With reference to the 1 and 2 is the SPD module 100 in it on five busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N and PE shown assembled. The busbars L1 , L2 and L3 are each with three voltage lines L1 , L2 and L3 a three-phase power supply circuit or a power supply system. The busbar N is connected to a neutral conductor of the power supply circuit. The busbar PE is coupled to a ground or a protective conductor of the power supply circuit. Any line L1 , L2 , L3 can be provided with a main circuit breaker or a fuse.

18th Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a power circuit provided by the SPD module 100 and the busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N , PE is formed if the SPD module 100 on the busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N , PE as described herein. The illustrated circuit 15th is a three phase system using a “3 + 1” protection configuration. In the illustrated circuit 15th are the three SPD orders S1 , S2 , S3 each with a corresponding line L1 , L2 , L3 and N (i.e. LN) connected. The PE GDT 158 is between the line N and PE (i.e. N-PE) connected.

The locking bar 116 is positioned in a retracted or open position with the barbs 116A from the contact element openings 126C are free or essentially free. With the locking bar 116 in this position, the module will 100 on the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE in a transverse installation direction I essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes BB of the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE pressed. In particular, the busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N and PE each through the openings 126C and slots 126 the contact arrangements C1 , C2 , C3 , CN and CPE added up each busbar L1-L3 , N , PE in the engaging portion 126B of the slot 126 their with respective contact arrangement C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE is received and sits in it. The locking bar 116 is then slid to the busbar slots 114A with the barbs 116A to partially close and thereby the module 100 further to attach to the busbars.

Any contact arrangement C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE is configured to have reliable and robust mechanical and electrical connection with their corresponding busbar L1-L3 , N , PE provide. The features and operation of the contact arrangement C3 and their busbar L3 are described in more detail below; however, this description applies equally to the contact arrangements C1 , C2 , C3 , CN and CPE and their respective busbars L1-L3 , N and PE .

The contact element 122 surrounds and contacts at least a portion of the busbar L3 . The contact element 122 and the complementary feathers 124 the contact arrangement C3 are related to the busbar L3 that sits therein, shaped and sized such that the contact element 122 is resiliently deflected from its original, relaxed position and into the busbar L3 engages with direct electrical contact from surface to surface.

In some embodiments, the relaxed width of the engagement portion is W2 126B of the slot 126 less than the width W5 the busbar L3 . While the contact arrangement C3 on the busbar L3 is pressed, the thighs 122C and the thighs 124B thus elastic in opposite outward directions DC distracted. The slots 114A , 114B are sized to allow for a deflection of the legs 122C , 124B to allow. When the busbar L3 in the engaging portion 126B sits, holds the busbar L3 the thigh 122C , 124B in elastically deflected biasing positions so that the legs 122C , 124B continues a compressive load on the busbar L3 invest. This compressive load tends to affect the contact element 122 in firm contact with the busbar L3 to force.

The construction of the contact arrangement C3 (and the same as the contact arrangements C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE ) can provide important benefits. As discussed above, the contact elements 122 formed from a material different from the material (s) from which the complementary springs 124 are formed, is different. Referring again to the contact arrangement C3 as an example, is the material of the contact element 122 more conductive, thinner, softer and more flexible than the material of the complementary springs 124 .

The primary contact element 122 is formed from a material that is sufficiently flexible to conform well to the shape of the busbar L3 to place and requires relatively little force to be deflected when the module 100 on the busbar L3 is pushed or withdrawn from it. The flexibility of the flexible contact element 122 allows the SPD module to be plugged in 100 on the busbars without requiring a great deal of force to operate the SPD module 100 to place in its place and install it.

At the same time, it allows the flexibility of the primary contact element 122 , good contact of the terminal on the busbar L3 provide. The contact element wraps itself around the busbar L3 to make good contact with the side edges or surfaces of the busbar L3 provide.

The contact element 122 is also designed to compensate for tolerances in the thickness of the busbar and also misalignments between the busbars. The contact element 122 is for variations in the width of the busbar (e.g. width tolerances) and width variations in the spaces between the busbars L3 and the adjacent busbars L2 , PE insensitive or less sensitive.

A material that works well for these attributes of the contact element 122 suitable, but may exhibit significant deformation or expansion in response to an impact event (for example, due to electromagnetic forces exerted by the Overcurrent surge through the contact element 122 and therefore lose contact, resulting in arcing and contact damage. If only the contact element 122 used, it should be configured (e.g., size and geometry) so that it withstands by itself loss of contact during surge currents. The contact element 122 should therefore be strong enough to withstand the electromagnetic forces created by surge currents that would otherwise affect the contact element 122 expand and cause it to lose contact with the busbar, enough to withstand. If the contact element 122 built in this way could, however, be the SPD module 100 cannot be installed on the busbars with a normal force as the total force required would be much greater (e.g. five times greater) to apply each contact element 122 slide into place on its busbar.

It is therefore desirable to have a primary contact element 122 that requires little force to be installed on its busbar. However, the disadvantage of using such a primary contact is that it flexes and loses contact during surge currents.

This problem is caused by the complementary springs 124 fixed the elements that are used by the contact element 122 and the case 110 are separate and separated. The complementary feathers 124 are formed from a material and having a shape that withstands current induced force at the contact that causes it to be deformed. The complementary feathers 124 are formed from a material that exhibits significantly greater tolerance to expansion in response to an impact event of the same magnitude than the material from which the contact element is made 122 is formed. As a result, the springs hold 124 the contact element 122 (including the thighs 122B) during a shock event such in place that the deterioration of the electrical contact between the contact element 122 and the busbar L3 is avoided or prevented. The feathers 124 can disconnect between the contact element 122 and the busbar L3 both during the impact event and as a result of the plastic deformation of the contact element 122 caused by the shock event.

The complementary feathers 124 are therefore provided to the primary contact element 122 hold in place. At the same time, the complementary springs allow some flexibility for expansion to accommodate the tolerances of and between the busbars during mating / installing the SPD module 100 without requiring too much installation force.

Also in some embodiments and as shown are the complementary springs 124 only on the outside of the primary contact element 122 attached and not attached directly to anything else. As a result, the springs affect 124 the fit of the contact element 122 on a busbar where there is misalignment between the busbars is not undesirable. Every contact element 122 is from the other contact elements 122 separated, and any misalignment between the busbars could cause some slight deformation between the busbars that connect to the contact elements 122 and their corresponding plastic supports are connected. This misalignment can be caused by the contact elements 122 and their plastic supports are tolerated, since these parts are flexible. In other words, the construction of the contact arrangement dissociates C3 the force making the primary contact 122 holds in place (using springs 124 ) on the overall integrity of the metal parts.

The columns 128 the one between the thighs 122C and 124B adjacent to the upper slot section 126A may allow deformation or axial displacement (i.e. in directions along the major axis AA of the module) of the contact elements to allow variations in the spacing between the busbars L1-L3 , N , PE to consider.

In some embodiments, each contact arrangement is C1 , C2 , C3 , CN , CPE capable of withstanding high surge currents of at least 1500 amps, and, in some embodiments, in the range of about 100 amps to 100,000 amps, without losing adequate electrical contact between the contact assembly and the associated busbar. Further, in some embodiments, the contact during these (multiple) impacts does not reveal any evidence of damage due to partial or complete arcing.

Optionally an additional device or additional equipment can be used 70 electrically with the auxiliary power supply connector 182 using a connecting cable 72 for example, as discussed above, power from the busbar L1 to the equipment 70 to deliver. Equipment 70 can be mounted in the same cabinet as the module 100 or in an adjoining cabinet or tier. Equipment 70 can with its own ground connection independent of the module 100 be provided.

The accessory device can be any suitable device. In some embodiments, the accessory is 70 a Communication device. In some embodiments, the accessory is 70 a modem.

The provision of the auxiliary power supply system 181 that comes with the SPD module 100 is integral, eliminating the need for the device 70 with a separate, direct connection to the busbar L1 to provide. This can provide user convenience, a more consistent and reliable electrical connection, and less clutter.

Each SPD arrangement works during normal operation S1 , S2 , S3 as an open circuit between their associated line bus L1 , L2 , L3 and the busbar PE . Any thermal breaker mechanism 151 remains in a standby position ( 8th ), with the contact section 150C the isolating switch spring 150 to the heat sink element 153 through the plumb line 152 bonded and therefore electrically conductive. In this normal mode is the varistor 132 every SPD arrangement S1 , S2 , S3 an isolator up to its rated limiting voltage VNOM (and hence the SPD module 100 an isolator).

In the event of a transient overvoltage or surge current in a line L1 , L2 , L3 , Protection of the power system load devices may require that a path to ground be provided for the excessive current of the surge current. Operation of the SPD arrangement S3 and the conditions or transient overvoltage events on the line L3 when the SPD module is in the manifolds L1 , L2 , L3 , N , PE installed are described below. It is understood, however, that this description applies equally to the SPD arrangements S1 , S2 and the lines L1 , L2 applies.

In the event of a transient overvoltage or surge current in the line L3 , the surge current can be a transient overvoltage between the busbar L3 and the busbar PE that the isolation of the SPD arrangement S3 who have favourited the busbar L3 with the neutral rail N connects, as well as the isolation of the PE GDT 158 overcomes. In this case and mode (here mode 2 called), the varistor is subject to 132 an overvoltage that exceeds VNOM and becomes a temporary and reversible low resistance conductor. The GDT are similarly subject 138 and the GDT 158 transient overvoltages that exceed their breakdown voltages and become transient and reversible conductors of low resistance. The GDTs 138 , 158 and the varistor 132 then divert, shunt, or allow the high surge current or impulse current to flow off the busbar L3 through the busbar connector C3 , through the bridge element 148 , through the GDT electrode 140 , through the plumb line 139 , through the GDT 138 , through the varistor electrode 136 , through the varistor 132 , through the varistor electrode 134 , through the plumb line 152 , by the spring 150 , through the bridge neutral 154 , through the bridge PE conductor 156 , through the PE GDT 158 and through the busbar connector CPE to the busbar PE .

The provision of the GDTs 138 , 158 in series with the varistor 132 can provide substantially leak-free operation. In the absence of a surge current, the GDTs remain 138 , 158 electrically non-conductive and thus prevent a leakage current from being conducted through the varistor 132 . In the event of a shock, the varistor limits 132 and directs what is there to the GDTs 138 , 158 allows switching and directing. When the shock subsides, the varistor returns 132 reverted to its highly electrically insulating states, causing the extinction of the arcs of the GDTs 138 , 158 caused. In this way the varistors 132 complete an extended follow-up stream that would otherwise cause the GDTs to fail 138 , 158 could cause.

In some circumstances, one or more of the varistors can 132 to fail. In the event of a varistor failure 132 an SPD arrangement S1 , S2 , S3 , a fault current is generated between the corresponding line (e.g. line L1 , L2 or L3 ) and the neutral conductor N directed. As is well known, a varistor has a natural rating voltage VNOM (sometimes called the "breakdown voltage" or simply the "varistor voltage") at which the varistor begins to conduct current. The varistor conducts practically no current under VNOM. The varistor conducts a current (i.e. a leakage current or a surge current) across the VNOM. The VNOM of a varistor is typically specified as the voltage measured across the varistor with a DC current of 1 mA.

A varistor has three modes of operation. In a first normal mode (discussed above), up to a voltage rating, the varistor is effectively an electrical insulator. In a second normal mode (also discussed above), when the varistor undergoes an overvoltage, the varistor temporarily and reversibly becomes an electrical conductor during the overvoltage condition and then reverts to the first mode. In a third mode (the so-called end-of-life mode) the varistor is effectively used up and becomes a permanent, irreversible current conductor.

The varistor also has a natural limit voltage VC (sometimes simply called the "limit voltage"). The limit voltage VC is considered to be the maximum voltage which is measured across the varistor when a specified current is applied to the varistor over time according to a standard protocol.

In the absence of an overvoltage condition, the varistor provides high resistance such that there is virtually no current through the module 100 while it appears electrically as an open circuit, flows. Usually the varistor does not let any current through. In the event of an overcurrent surge event (which is typically transient, e.g., lightning) or an overvoltage condition or event (typically longer in duration than an overcurrent surge event) that exceeds VNOM, the resistance of the varistor wafer drops rapidly, allowing current to pass through the module 100 to flow and provide a shunt path for current flow to protect other components of an associated electrical system. Typically, the varistor recovers from these events without significantly overheating the module 100 .

Varistors have several modes of failure. The failure modes include: 1) the varistor fails as a short circuit; and 2) the varistor fails as a linear resistor. The varistor failure to short or linearly resist may be caused by the conduction of a single or multiple surge currents of sufficient magnitude and duration, or by a single or multiple continuous overvoltage events that drive sufficient current through the varistor.

A short circuit failure typically appears as a localized pinprick or puncture point (herein "point of failure") that extends through the thickness of the varistor. This point of failure creates a path for current to flow between the two electrodes with a low resistance but high enough to cause ohmic losses and overheating of the device even at low fault currents. A sufficiently large fault current through the varistor can melt the varistor in the area of the point of failure and generate an electric arc.

Varistor failure as a linear resistor causes limited current to pass through the varistor, which results in heat build-up. This heat build-up can result in catastrophic thermal runaway and the device temperature can exceed a prescribed maximum temperature. The maximum permissible temperature for the outer surfaces of the device can be specified, for example, by code or standard in order to prevent burning of adjacent components. If the leakage current is not interrupted for a certain period of time, the overheating ultimately results in the failure of the varistor to a short circuit, as defined above.

In some cases, the current through the failed varistor could also be limited by the power system itself (for example, earth resistance in the system or in photovoltaic (PV) power source applications where fault current is dependent on the power generation capability of the system at the time of failure), which is shown in a gradual build-up in temperature results even if the varistor failure is a short circuit. There are instances where there is limited leakage current through the varistor due to extended overvoltage conditions due to, for example, power system failure. These conditions can lead to a temperature build-up in the device, such as when the varistor has failed as a linear resistor, and could potentially lead to the varistor failing either as a linear resistor or as a short circuit as described above.

As described above, the module 100 in some cases adopt an "end of life" mode in which a varistor 132 is fully or partially exhausted (that is, in an "end-of-life" condition) leading to an end-of-life failure. When the varistor reaches its end of life, the module will 100 essentially a short circuit with a very low ohmic resistance, but it is not zero. As a result, in an end-of-life condition, leakage current will constantly flow through the varistor even in the absence of an overvoltage condition.

In the event of the failure of the varistor 132 an SPD arrangement S1 , S2 , S3 , the thermal breaker mechanism system works 151 this SPD arrangement as a fail-safe mechanism. The thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 can work to catastrophic destruction of the module 100 and surrounding elements. Operation of the SPD arrangement S3 and their thermal breaker mechanism system 151 is described below. It is understood, however, that this description applies equally to the SPD arrangements S1 , S2 applies.

The thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 works as a fail-safe mechanism by adding, when triggered, it to the spring contact section 150C allowed to move away from the heat sink element 153 under the elastic spring load of the spring 150 pull away when the solder 152 due to sufficient heat generated in the varistor 132 or generated elsewhere, has been melted. The feather 150 becomes electrical conduction with the electrode 134 relocated. The varistor 132 thereby becomes electrical from the Bridge neutral 154 separated what an open circuit between the terminals C3 and CN creates.

Depending on the design of the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 , various states or events can affect the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 trigger.

In some embodiments, if the surge or pulsed current is less than the maximum surge / pulsed current for which the SPD module is 100 is provided, an external fuse does not blow, and the varistor 132 should remain functional. In this case, as the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 has not been triggered, the SPD module 100 stay in place for future surge events.

If the surge or impulse current has the maximum surge / impulse current for which the SPD module 100 is exceeded, the external fuse blows automatically or is triggered. The varistor 132 can also fail internally as a short circuit (with a pinprick) or with limited resistance. The fault current through the failed varistor 132 can generate sufficient heat to the solder 152 to melt and thereby the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 trigger.

If the varistor 132 in the end-of-life mode with a low leakage current between the line (e.g. line L3 ) and the PE the varistor fails 132 as a linear resistance. This type of varistor failure could be the result of multiple surge currents. The leakage current creates heat in the varistor 132 from ohmic losses. In some cases, the leakage current occurs during normal operation and is low (from about 0 to 0.5 A). The heat coming from the varistor 132 is generated gradually deteriorates the varistor 132 and builds up over a longer period of time. The heat (for example from ohmic losses in the varistor 132 ) is from the varistor 132 to the plumb bob 152 through the electrode 134 and the heat sink element 153 transfer. Over an extended period of time (for example in the range of about 60 seconds to 48 hours) the heat builds up in the solder 152 up until the plumb bob 152 melts. The melted solder 152 gives the pen 150 in an open or shared configuration to free the circuit in the SPD module 100 to open. The varistor 132 is thereby prevented from catastrophically overheating.

In some cases the varistor is located 132 in good condition (that is, not in an end-of-life condition) but has a Temporary Overvoltage (TOV) event where the voltage across the terminals is the varistor 132 forcing an increased leakage current (typically in the range of about 0 to 10 amps) to pass. This leakage current builds up heat for a duration (for example, in the range of about 5 seconds to 120 minutes) and triggers the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 out.

Other conditions and types of events can trigger the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 cause. In addition, the module 100 other types of thermal circuit breaker mechanisms in addition to or in place of the thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 exhibit. In some embodiments, the is a thermal circuit breaker mechanism system 151 for example, as in published U.S. Patent Application No. 2018/0330908 and published European patent application No. EP3401931 constructed and functioning, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The release of the isolating switch spring 150 any of the SPD arrangements S1 , S2 , S3 as described above (by operating the thermal disconnector system 151 ), also operates the local warning mechanism 171A . Referring again to the SPD arrangement S3 , frees shifting the pen 150 in the release direction DR the swing indicator leg 172C from the pen 150 . The swing arm 172 is in a pivoting direction DP from the indicator spring 173 from the locked position ( 8th ) driven to a specification position. The indicator pendulum 174 is thereby released from the spring 173 driven to in a signaling direction DS ( 8th ) to slide and the spring 174B to compress. The indicator pendulum 174 is thereby shifted to a warning position in which the indicator surface 174C with the front window 111A of the module housing 110 aligned and visible through it. The indicator surface 174C has a noticeably different visual appearance through the front window 111A as a surface of the pendulum 174 looking through the window 111A is presented when the pendulum 174 in the standby position interface 174A is by providing a visual warning or indication so that an operator can readily determine that the local warning mechanism 171A has been actuated. The non-triggered display surface and the display surface 174A have, for example, distinctly different colors (e.g. green versus red). In this way the local warning mechanism 171A provide a practical indication that the module 100 has assumed its configuration or open circuit state.

The release of the swing arm 172 , as described above, also operates the remote warning mechanism 171 B. When the indicator pendulum 174 The sensor slides into the indication position as described above 176 the shift in the indicator pendulum 174 and provides an electrical signal to a remote device or terminal 73 via the connector 176A ready. In this way, the remote warning mechanism 171B Provide a convenient remote indication that an SPD arrangement S1 , S2 , S3 of the module 100 has assumed its configuration or open circuit state.

Above all, the indicator pendulum can 174 of the thermal disconnector system and the rocker 172 any of the three SPD arrangements S1 , S2 , S3 relocated (and the local indicator mechanism 171A and the remote indicator mechanism 171B thereby operated). It is therefore not necessary to have a separate indicator mechanism for each SPD arrangement S1 , S2 , S3 provide. This can be done by joining an SPD module 100 enable with less cost, complexity and size.

18th schematically illustrates a power circuit 17th by the SPD module 100 and the busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N , PE is formed when the SPD module 100 on the busbars L1 , L2 , L3 , N , PE as described herein. In the illustrated circuit 17th are the three SPD orders S1 , S2 , S3 each with a corresponding line L1 , L2 , L3 and N (i.e. LN) connected. The PE GDT 158 is between the line N and PE (i.e. N-PE) connected. The circuit 17th also has an additional device 70 (for example a modem) to the auxiliary power connector 182 and a remote warning or condition monitoring device 73 (for example an SPD monitoring system) that comes with the connector 176A connected is. The circuit 17th further comprises a first distribution housing DB1 and a second distribution box DB2 that go with the busbars 64 connected to. The circuit 17th also has a first circuit breaker CB1 on the one with the busbars 64 and the first distribution box DB1 connected to the facilities EQ1 to the power from the first distribution box DB1 is delivered to protect. The circuit 17th also has a second circuit breaker CB2 on the one with the busbars 64 and the second distribution box DB2 connected to the facilities EQ2 , to the power from the second distribution box DB2 is delivered to protect.

The 19th to 21 show the SPD module 100 and the circuit breaker modules CB1 , CB2 that are in a side by side arrangement on the busbars 64 in a closet 80 are mounted.

In some embodiments, and as shown in the figures, the housing assembly is 110 of the SPD module 100 with integral distancing features or ribs 118 and 119 Mistake. The distancing ribs 118 , 119 are formed from an electrically insulating material. In some embodiments, the ribs are 118 , 119 integral with the housing parts 114 , 112 shaped.

The rib 180 extends around the perimeter of the SPD module 100 near the back of the module 100 . In some embodiments, and as shown, the rib follows 118 the rear edges of the housing assembly 110 and the module 100 such that the rib 118 a way around and the shapes of the busbar receiving openings 114A approximated, follows. In some embodiments, the rib is 118 endless and circumscribes the entire module 100 .

Ribs 119 protrude laterally from each side of a tower section 112A of the front housing part 112 in front.

The housing arrangement 110 has primary sidewall surfaces 115 on. Ribs 118 protrude laterally outward over the side wall surfaces 115 by a distancing amount or distance D10 in front ( 19th ).

In some embodiments, the distancing distance is D10 at least 1 mm and, in some embodiments, is in the range of about 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

Ribs 119 protrude laterally outward over the side wall surfaces 115 by a distancing amount or distance D11 in front.

In some embodiments, the distancing distance is D11 at least 1 mm and, in some embodiments, is in the range of about 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

When using and referring to the 19th to 21 , the SPD module can 100 on busbars 64 together with other components, such as circuit breaker modules CB1 , CB2 that are also on the busbars 64 close to or immediately adjacent to the SPD module 100 are mounted, to be mounted. A cover 82 can be provided above the installation so that only the tower section 112A and sections of the circuit breaker modules CB1 , CB2 through the cover 82 stick out and are exposed.

In this installation, make the ribs 118 , 119 sure there is spaces between the spd module 100 and the circuit breaker modules CB1 , CB2 provided while also protecting against unintentional access to the busbars 64 provided.

With reference to 19th you can see that a separation space 90 between the side wall 115 of the SPD module 100 and the opposite side wall 92 of the circuit breaker CB1 is defined. The width W12 of this room 90 is at least the height D10 the rib 118 limited. In some embodiments, the width is W12 at least 1 mm.

The separation space 90 provides an air flow passage between the modules 100 , CB1 , CB2 ready for ventilation to prevent overheating of the circuit breaker CB1 , CB2 to avoid in the event that they operate (shutdown) and overheat during overload conditions.

The ventilation between the modules 100 , CB1 , CB2 could also be done by spacing the circuit breaker apart CB1 , CB2 further from the SPD module 100 on the busbars 64 be accomplished. Ribs 118 , 119 however, also serve to protect the installation from intrusion using a long pin through a gap between the SPD module 100 and a circuit breaker module CB1 , CB2 . Such a pin could be used by someone to hold the busbars 64 and steal electricity.

In some embodiments, the ribs are 118 , 119 dimensioned such that a separation distance W12 between each rib, 118, 119 and the circuit breaker module CB1 is smaller than a predetermined shielding width W14 when maximum spacing between the SPD module 100 a circuit breaker module CB1 is equal to or smaller than a prescribed maximum module spacing distance.

For example, in some applications there is a requirement that a 2mm diameter pin should not be able to hit the busbars 64 through a space between the SPD module 100 and a circuit breaker module CB1 and the maximum allowable distance that can be created between the circuit breakers and the SPD is 2.5 mm. Ribs 118 , 119 are designed not to allow the pin to 2mm into the available gap between the SPD module 100 and a circuit breaker module CB1 to penetrate. When the modules 100 , CB1 are spaced apart by the maximum allowable distance (from the side wall surface 92 to side wall surface 115 ) and the ribs 118 , 119 a width D10 , D11 of 1 mm, the gaps are consequently 94 , 96 between the circuit breaker module CB1 and the ribs 118 , 119 only 1.5 mm. The available 1.5mm gap is too small to allow a 2mm pin to reach the busbars.

Modules as disclosed herein may have a surge suppressor of a different type in place of the varistor 132 exhibit. The overvoltage limiting element can be, for example, a transient voltage suppressor (TVS), such as a TVS diode (for example a silicon avalanche diode, silicon avalanche diode - SAD).

In some embodiments, each busbar has L1 to L3 , N , PE a thickness in the range of about 4 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, each busbar has L1 to L3 , N , PE a thickness of about 5 mm or about 10 mm.

In some embodiments, the sentence is correct 64 of busbars L1 to L3 , N , PE with the DIN 43880 standard and the spacing distance between adjacent busbars L1 to L3 , N , PE is about 40 mm. In some embodiments, the sentence is correct 64 of busbars with the norm DIN 43880 and the spacing distance between adjacent busbars L1 to L3 , N , PE is about 60 mm.

Many changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the benefit of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should therefore be understood that the illustrated embodiments have been presented by way of example only and that they should not be viewed as limiting the invention as defined by the following claims. Accordingly, the following claims are to be construed as including not just the combination of elements set out literally, but all equivalent elements for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same manner to obtain substantially the same result. The claims must therefore be viewed as including what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent and also what includes the essential idea of the invention.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 62/783804 [0001]
• US 2018/0330908 [0166]
• EP 3401931 [0166]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN 43 800 [0045]
• DIN 43 870 [0045]
• Standard DIN 43880 [0188]
• DIN 43880 [0188]

Claims (20)

A surge protection device (SPD) module (100) for use with a power line bus (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) and an auxiliary device (70), the SPD module (100) comprising: a module housing (110); an overvoltage protection element (130) on the module housing (110); a contact clip (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module (100) to the voltage line bus (L1, L2, L3, N, PE); and an auxiliary power connector (182) mounted on the module housing (110); wherein the auxiliary power supply connection (182) is also electrically connected to the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) to supply power from the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) to the auxiliary device (70) through the auxiliary power supply connection (182) to deliver; and wherein the contact clip (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) comprises a spring contact element (122) which is configured to receive and engage the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE). SPD module (100) Claim 1 wherein the spring contact element (122) is substantially U-shaped and has first and second opposing cantilevered legs (122C), the first and second legs (122C) forming a busbar receiving slot (126) for receiving the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE). SPD module (100) Claim 2 wherein the busbar receiving slot (126) has an engagement portion (126B), the width (W2) of which is smaller than a corresponding width of the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) when the spring contact element (122) is relaxed, so that the spring contact element (122) is elastically deformed when the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) is pressed onto the voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 2 or 3 wherein the spring contact element (122) further includes third and fourth cantilevered legs (122C), opposed to each other, that define the busbar receiving slot (126). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th wherein the auxiliary power supply terminal (182) is electrically connected to the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) between the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) and the overvoltage protection element (130). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 wherein the auxiliary power connector (182) is configured to releasably receive an electrical cable (72) for electrically connecting the auxiliary device (70) to the power line bus (L1, L2, L3, N, PE). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th wherein the overvoltage protection element (130) comprises a varistor (132). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th wherein the overvoltage limiter (130) comprises a gas discharge tube, GDT (138). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , comprising a second contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) which is designed to connect the SPD module (100) mechanically and electrically to a second voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE), wherein the second contact clip (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) comprises a second spring contact element (122) which is configured to receive and engage the second voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE). SPD module (100) Claim 9 , wherein the first and second contact clamps (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE) are designed to mount the SPD module (100) on a set (64) of busbars (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) that correspond to DIN 43 800 and DIN 43 870 Part 2. SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 9 or 10 wherein: the overvoltage protection element (130) is a first overvoltage protection element (130) which is connected to the first voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) via the first contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE); the SPD module (100) comprises a second overvoltage protection element (130) which is attached to the module housing (110) and is electrically connected to the second voltage line busbar (L1, L2, L3, N, PE) is connected; and the SPD module (100) comprises an indicator mechanism (171) operable to provide a warning that the SPD module (100) has failed in response to a failure of the first or second overvoltage protection element (130). SPD module (100) Claim 11 wherein the indicator mechanism (171) comprises a local warning mechanism (171A) that provides a visual indication on the SPD module (100) that one of the first and second overvoltage protection elements (130) has failed. SPD module (100) Claim 12 wherein the local warning mechanism (171A) comprises: a window (111A) in the module housing (110); and an indicator element (174) movable between a standby position and an indicator position with respect to the window (111A) in response to failure of one of the first and second surge protectors (130). SPD module (100) Claim 13 wherein the indicator mechanism (171) comprises: a fusible component (152) configured to melt in response to heat generated by the first or second surge protector (130) when the first or second surge protector (130) fails ; wherein the indicator mechanism (171) is operable to move the indicator element (174) from the standby position to the display position when the fusible component (152) melts. SPD module (100) Claim 14 wherein the indicator element (174) is resiliently biased toward the display position. SPD module (100) Claim 15 wherein the fusible component (152) holds the indicator element (174) in the ready position until the fusible component (152) melts. SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 11 to 16 wherein: the SPD module (100) comprises a remote signal port (176A) on the module housing (110); and the indicator mechanism (171) comprises a remote alarm mechanism (171B) that provides a signal to the remote signal port (176A) when either the first or second surge protector (130) has failed. SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 17th wherein the auxiliary power supply connector (182) comprises a user-operable mechanism for locking a cable (72) to the auxiliary power supply connector (182) and / or for releasing the cable (72) from the auxiliary power supply connector (182). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 18th comprising a protective ground (PE) contact clip (CPE) configured to mechanically and electrically connect the SPD module (100) to a protective ground bar (PE); and an auxiliary protected ground terminal, PE (186) attached to the module housing (110); wherein the PE auxiliary connection (186) is electrically connected to the PE contact terminal (CPE); and wherein the PE contact clip (CPE) includes a spring contact element (122) configured to receive and engage the protected ground bus bar (PE). SPD module (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 19th comprising a flexible electrical cable (184A) electrically connecting the auxiliary power supply terminal (182) to the contact terminal (C1, C2, C3, CN, CPE).

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