DE202019003401U1 - Device for the rapid estimation of the cetane index of gases, liquids, pastes and solids - Google Patents
Device for the rapid estimation of the cetane index of gases, liquids, pastes and solids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE202019003401U1 DE202019003401U1 DE202019003401.3U DE202019003401U DE202019003401U1 DE 202019003401 U1 DE202019003401 U1 DE 202019003401U1 DE 202019003401 U DE202019003401 U DE 202019003401U DE 202019003401 U1 DE202019003401 U1 DE 202019003401U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cetane number
- pastes
- solids
- liquids
- gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 gaseous Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012569 chemometric method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2829—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids mixtures of fuels, e.g. determining the RON-number
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/129—Using chemometrical methods
Abstract
Vorrichtung zur automatischen und nahezu vorbehandlungsfreien Bestimmung der Cetanzahl, dergestalt, dass von einer Kraftstoffprobe ein Nahinfrarot- oder ein UV-Spektrum gemessen wird, welches nach einem oder mehreren vorher erstellten Kalibrationsmodellen hinsichtlich der Cetanzahl ausgewertet wird und das Auswertungsresultat dem Bedienpersonal automatisch bekannt gemacht wird.Device for the automatic and virtually pretreatment-free determination of the cetane number, such that a near infrared or UV spectrum of a fuel sample is measured, which is evaluated according to one or more previously prepared calibration models with regard to the cetane number and the evaluation result is automatically made known to the operating personnel.
Description
Beschreibung, HintergrundDescription, background
Die Cetanzahl ist das Verhältnis von Cetan (n-Hexadecan) zu 1-Methyl-Naphthalin. Sie soll die „Zündwilligkeit“ von Brenn- und Kraftstoffen, speziell Diesel- und Marinekraftstoffen abbilden: Je höher die Cetanzahl, umso zündwilliger ist der Kraftstoff.The cetane number is the ratio of cetane (n-hexadecane) to 1-methyl-naphthalene. It is intended to map the "ignitability" of fuels, especially diesel and marine fuels: the higher the cetane number, the more ignitable the fuel.
Die Bestimmung der Cetanzahl (Quelle: Wikipedia) erfolgt in Deutschland gemäß der DIN 51773. Dazu wird ein spezieller Motor, der BASF-Motor oder CFR-Motor, verwendet. Die Zündwilligkeit wird bei einem definierten gleich bleibenden Zündverzug bestimmt. Der Zündverzug ist die Zeit zwischen dem Einspritzen und der Selbstentzündung des Kraftstoffes. Beim Testmotor geschieht dies durch Verändern der Ansaugluftmenge welche wiederum den Verdichtungs- und Verbrennungsdruck bestimmt. Als Kontrollkraftstoffe kommen Dieselkraftstoffe bekannter Cetanzahl zum Einsatz. Deren Cetanzahl ist über Vergleichsmessungen mit anderen Motoren vorher ermittelt worden. Der Kontrollkraftstoff wird nur eingesetzt zur Überprüfung des motorischen Zustands des Prüfmotors.The determination of the cetane number (source: Wikipedia) is carried out in Germany in accordance with DIN 51773. For this purpose, a special engine, the BASF engine or CFR engine, used. The ignition will be determined at a defined constant ignition delay. Ignition delay is the time between injection and auto-ignition of the fuel. In the test engine, this is done by changing the intake air amount which in turn determines the compression and combustion pressure. The control fuels used are diesel fuels of known cetane number. Their cetane number has been previously determined by comparative measurements with other engines. The control fuel is only used to check the engine condition of the test engine.
Früher und in Abwesenheit eines Prüfmotors wurde die Cetanzahl auch nach der 2-Parameter-Methode unter Verwendung der Dichte und der Temperatur, bei der 50 % des Kraftstoffs verdampft ist, berechnet (ASTM D976-06) bzw. nach der 4-Parameter-Methode unter Verwendung zweier weiterer Verdampfungsparameter.In the past and in the absence of a test engine, the cetane number was also calculated by the 2-parameter method using the density and the temperature at which 50% of the fuel had evaporated (ASTM D976-06) or by the 4-parameter method using two further evaporation parameters.
In Marinetreibstoffen dienen die Messwerte für die Dichte und die Viskosität des Treibstoffs zur Einordnung.In marine fuels, the measurements of the density and viscosity of the fuel are used for classification.
Funktionsprinzip der neuen MesstechnikFunctional principle of the new measuring technology
Die hier vorgeschlagene Messtechnik funktioniert dergestalt, dass ein optisches Spektrum der zu untersuchenden Probe nach einem chemometrischen Kalibrationsmodell ausgewertet wird. Abhängig von der Art des Treibstoffs ist dafür der ultraviolette, der visuelle oder der infrarote Spektralbereich bzw. eine Kombination daraus zu verwenden.The measurement technique proposed here works in such a way that an optical spectrum of the sample to be examined is evaluated according to a chemometric calibration model. Depending on the type of fuel, it is necessary to use the ultraviolet, the visual or the infrared spectral range or a combination thereof.
Voraussetzung für den Einsatz von Spektroskopie ist eine hinreichende spektroskopische Repräsentation der Stoff- oder Gemischeigenschaften, welche in diesem Fall eindeutig gegeben ist:The prerequisite for the use of spectroscopy is a sufficient spectroscopic representation of the substance or mixture properties, which is clearly given in this case:
Im Nahinfraroten absorbieren Aromaten wie 1-Methyl-Naphthalin leicht unterscheidbar bei anderer Wellenlänge als unfunktionalisierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Cetan. Im ultravioletten Spektralbereich ist die gleiche Unterscheidung ebenfalls möglich.In the near-infrared, aromatics such as 1-methyl-naphthalene readily absorb different wavelengths than unfunctionalized hydrocarbons such as cetane. In the ultraviolet spectral range, the same distinction is also possible.
Lichtundurchlässige Proben können zur Anwendung der vorgeschlagenen Messtechnik unter Verwendung angepasster Kalibrationsmodelle bis zur hinreichenden Transparenz verdünnt werden.Opaque samples may be thinned to adequate transparency using adapted calibration models for application of the proposed measurement technique.
Chemometriechemometrics
Die Chemometrie ist ein mathematisch-statistisches Verfahren zur Extraktion physikalischer bzw. chemischer Informationen aus ein- und mehrdimensionalen Datensätzen.Chemometrics is a mathematical-statistical method for the extraction of physical or chemical information from single- and multi-dimensional data sets.
So ist beispielsweise die Reproduktion des Spektrums einer Reinsubstanz A aus einem Satz von A enthaltenden Gemisch-Spektren möglich, wenn in einem chemometrischen Verfahren anhand von Kalibrierspektren (Spektren von A in bekannter Konzentration enthaltenden Gemischen) ein Zusammenhangermittelt wurde. So sind Vorhersagemodelle für die Konzentration von A in A enthaltenden Gemischen generierbar. Ebenso ist dieses Verfahren auf die Konzentrationsbestimmung von Substanzgruppen anwendbar sowie auf die Bestimmung physikochemischer und kolligativer Eigenschaften von Substanzgemischen. Parallel und gleichzeitig sind damit alle Haupt- und Nebenkonzentrationen sowie daraus ableitbare Summenparameter oder physikalische Größen bestimmbar.Thus, for example, the reproduction of the spectrum of a pure substance A from a set of A containing mixture spectra is possible if in a chemometric method on the basis of calibration spectra (spectra of A in known concentration-containing mixtures) a connection was determined. Thus, predictive models for the concentration of A in A containing mixtures can be generated. Likewise, this method is applicable to the determination of the concentration of substance groups and to the determination of physicochemical and colligative properties of mixtures of substances. Simultaneously and at the same time, all main and secondary concentrations as well as sum parameters or physical quantities derived from them can be determined.
Es sind eine Reihe mathematischer Prozeduren zum Thema bekannt, beispielsweise die regularisierte Diskriminanzanalyse, (RDA), die Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCR), die partially-least-squares-Methode (PLS) oder die multiple lineare Regression (MLR).A number of mathematical procedures are known on the subject, such as regularized discriminant analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCR), least-partially-squares (PLS) or multiple linear regression (MLR).
Die Methode der Chemometrie ist in ihrer Anwendbarkeit nicht auf spektroskopische Daten beschränkt, spektroskopische Daten sind aber, wenn sie zur Charakterisierung von Stoff- oder Systemeigenschaften geeignet sind, besonders leicht und schnell zu generieren.The method of chemometrics is not limited to spectroscopic data in its applicability, but spectroscopic data, if they are suitable for the characterization of material or system properties, are particularly easy and fast to generate.
Vorgehensweisemethod
Es werden chemometrische Kalibrationsmodelle für die Cetanzahl von Kraftstoffen erstellt.Chemometric calibration models for the cetane number of fuels are prepared.
Von Kraftstoffproben wird ein Spektrum gemessen, welches nach o. g. Kalibrationsmodellen ausgewertet werden kann.Of fuel samples, a spectrum is measured, which after o. G. Calibration models can be evaluated.
Durch die Flexibilität des Kalibrationsprinzips und des Spektralbereichs des eingesetzten Spektrometers ist die Messtechnik an viele Kraftstoffgruppen anpassbar.Due to the flexibility of the calibration principle and the spectral range of the spectrometer used, the measurement technology can be adapted to many fuel groups.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202019001536 | 2019-03-26 | ||
| DE202019001536.1 | 2019-03-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE202019003401U1 true DE202019003401U1 (en) | 2019-09-02 |
Family
ID=67991588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202019003401.3U Expired - Lifetime DE202019003401U1 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2019-08-16 | Device for the rapid estimation of the cetane index of gases, liquids, pastes and solids |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE202019003401U1 (en) |
-
2019
- 2019-08-16 DE DE202019003401.3U patent/DE202019003401U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2806271B1 (en) | Method and measuring device for determining physical gas properties | |
| EP2003441B1 (en) | ATR sensor | |
| EP1965193B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for determining the alcohol content of fluids | |
| EP2912439B1 (en) | Array and method for a motor vehicle for detecting a fuel type and/or a fuel characteristic | |
| DE102016121226A1 (en) | A method for determining properties of a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and apparatus therefor | |
| EP2748589B1 (en) | Method for determining the purity of a refrigerant | |
| DE102005001882B4 (en) | Method for operating an internal combustion engine | |
| WO2000050893A1 (en) | Method for the spectroscopic determination of the concentration of alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms | |
| DE19949439C1 (en) | Process for determining the gas quality of sample gas e.g. fuel gas using spectroscopic process comprises determining the pressure and temperature of sample gas, forming spectral vector and multiplying spectral vector with factor vector | |
| DE19921167A1 (en) | Method and arrangement for measuring the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index of fuel gas, in particular natural gas | |
| DE202019003401U1 (en) | Device for the rapid estimation of the cetane index of gases, liquids, pastes and solids | |
| WO2000050874A1 (en) | Method and arrangement for measuring the calorific value and/or the wobbe index of combustible gas, especially natural gas | |
| DE202008003790U1 (en) | Device for fast on-line measurement in biogas | |
| CN106644980A (en) | Method for detecting oil content in sewage | |
| AT503665A4 (en) | Determination of the concentration of hydrocarbons in samples e.g. water, comprises extracting the hydrocarbons from the sample with a solvent, and quantitatively measuring the hydrocarbons by infrared or near-infrared absorption | |
| DE102012108620A1 (en) | Method for determining the path length of a sample and validation of the measurement obtained therewith | |
| DE102017210548A1 (en) | Thickness-independent spectroscopic analysis of consumables | |
| RU2693566C1 (en) | Method for separate determination of oil and gas condensate content in oil and gas condensate wells production | |
| DE102018201947A1 (en) | Method for compensating signal changes in absorption spectroscopy | |
| WO2018095719A1 (en) | Particle measurement device and method for determining a particle size | |
| DE102009041967A1 (en) | Apparatus for analyzing body fluids, is provided with light source, and fluorescence standard with sensor unit for detecting portion of fluorescence standard emitted light | |
| DE112021003737T5 (en) | ANALYSIS DEVICE, ANALYSIS METHOD, PROGRAM FOR AN ANALYSIS DEVICE, TEACHING DEVICE FOR ANALYSIS, LEARNING METHOD FOR ANALYSIS, AND PROGRAM FOR TEACHING DEVICE FOR ANALYSIS | |
| DE102008041609A1 (en) | Method for determining composition of e.g. benzene and alcohol mixture in diesel engine of motor vehicle, involves coupling light of wavelength into chamber, where wavelength of light is smaller than wavelength range of backscattered light | |
| DE10121641A1 (en) | Method and device for determining the gas quality of a natural gas | |
| DE102022110521A1 (en) | Method for determining a standardized tendency of a mixture of substances to form soot |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R086 | Non-binding declaration of licensing interest | ||
| R207 | Utility model specification | ||
| R156 | Lapse of ip right after 3 years |