DE202019003115U1 - Surface tempering device and instructions for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof, characterized in that
- The device for surface temperature control from a wicked (22) heat pipe (2) with an evaporator or heating zone (10) at one end of a pipe, a thermally insulated transport zone (20) in the center of the pipe and a condenser or cooling zone (30) at the other end of the pipe exists and
- At the tube end of the condenser or cooling zone thermally and mechanically flush, axially mounted to the tube and radially projecting from the tube heat conducting plates (36), which are pronounced quarter-circle-like and
- Attached in pairs opposing with the pipe end form a semicircular outer contour whose diameter side (37) centrally and flush with the pipe end (32) closes.

Description

The invention relates to a device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof - in particular a device with a heat pipe and flanged Wärmeleitblechen, which terminates flush with the surface to be tempered.

In the closed heat pipe, a transport / heat carrier moves in the circulation - it evaporates at the warm point of the tube and condenses at the cold point, from where it is transported back by capillary forces in a wick on the inner wall of the tube. The energy conductivity of the heat pipe is 1T to 10T times that of a good metallic heat conductor. The first mention of the heat pipe by Richard S. Gaugier in the US Patent, Heat transfer device ', no. US 2,350,348 v. Dec. 21, 1942. Only approx. Twenty years later, the development has found application in power engineering by George M. Grover in the American patent, Evaporation-condensation heat transfer device ', No. US 3,229,759 v. 2 Dec. 1963 and experienced from then only its variety of applications.

• - Automobilindustrie
• - Batterietechnik
• - E-Zigaretten/Lighter
• - Fußbodenheizung
• - Kältetechnik
• - Kleinmotoren, elektrisch
• - Klimageräte
• - LED-Lampen und -Leuchten
• - Prozessorkühlung in der Elektronik
• - Reaktortechnik
• - Röntgenanlagen
• - Satelittentechnik/Raumfahrt
• - Schaltersysteme für Mittelspannung
• - Solar-Technologie
• - Wärmetauscher
• - Warmwasser-Boiler
• - Wirbelschichtvergaser
• - Zusatzheizung.

Over time, the heat pipe has found its application in numerous technical disciplines, equipment and devices, such as

• - Automotive industry
• - Battery technology
• - E-cigarettes / Lighter
• - underfloor heating
• - Refrigeration technology
• - Small engines, electric
• - Air conditioners
• - LED lamps and lights
• - Processor cooling in electronics
• - reactor technology
• - X-ray equipment
• - Satellite technology / space travel
• - Switch systems for medium voltage
• - Solar technology
• - Heat exchanger
• - Hot water boiler
• - Fluidized bed gasifier
• - additional heating.

When heat transfer over long distances, the convective heat transfer to heat conduction and radiation characterized by lower temperature drop during heat transfer, in particular in isothermal evaporation and condensation. Conventional convection systems use circulating pumps and blowers. Also, a natural circulation is used, in which a temperature gradient follows a density gradient which, in conjunction with the gravitational field, results in the pressure gradient and drives the coolant.

In the case of heat pipes, a physical principle based on the capillary forces or the surface tensions of liquids is used which, irrespective of gravity, causes circulation of the heat carrier / transport medium only by means of a temperature gradient. The heat pipe is a pipe whose inner wall is covered with a wick capillary structure, which is impregnated by a liquid heat transfer medium. If a pipe end is heated, the liquid evaporates from the wick and flows in the direction of the temperature gradient to the other end of the pipe and condenses with the release of the heat of vaporization. The condensate is conveyed back to the evaporator by the capillary forces in the wick. The heat pipe can therefore be the length be defined after 3 zones, such as the evaporator or heating, the adiabatic transport and the condenser or cooling zone.

While in the natural orbit the gravitational field is force-determining in terms of magnitude and direction, in the heat pipe the capillary forces can be influenced by the choice of geometrical parameters, if necessary also against gravity. In the low-maintenance heat conduction with heat pipe accounts circulation pumps; Sealing and lubrication problems are reduced. The closed-end heat pipe can be considered as a conductor of high conductivity, even when using high temperatures and difficult conditions, such. Vacuum.

Non-condensable inert gas in the interior of the heat pipe reduces the transmittable heat output. The inert gas runs with the gaseous heat carrier and accumulates at the points of the condensing heat carrier and the heat carrier transport takes place by diffusion and is orders of magnitude smaller than the transport by convection. At the areas enriched by inert gas hardly any heat reaches the heat pipe wall; the inert gas fills the entire condensation space, no heat transfer takes place in the heat pipe.

If the capillary structure is dispensed with in a heat pipe, a thermosyphon results; the return transport of the heat carrier takes place as a precipitate by its weight on the pipe inner wall. A thermosyphon is constructed similar to a heat pipe; the difference lies in the return transport of the liquid heat carrier from the condensation zone to the boiling zone. In the case of the heat pipe, the driving force for the return transport is provided by the capillary pressure difference between the boiling and condensation zones while in the thermosyphon the liquid heat transfer medium - driven by its weight - flows from the condensation zone to the boiling zone.

With the English patent 'Improvements in devices for the diffusion of transference of heat', no. UK 22 272 BC. Dec. 5, 1892, the closed two-phase thermosyphon was known as a thick-walled structural steel tube, which was about 1/3 filled with water and used in steam boilers and isothermal ovens and was also named after the inventor, Perkins Tube '; it was heated down and cooled at the top and the condensate could run by gravity as a film on the pipe inner wall. Other designations include gravity-assisted heat pipe, gravitational or gravitational heat pipe, heatless unthreaded pipe or heat pipe without capillary structure.

• - Weiter Temperaturbereich für die Anwendung (-263°C ... >2.000°C)
• - Nur kleiner Temperaturabfall bei großer Wärmetransportleistung
• - Variantenvielfalt in der geometrischen Ausprägung
• - Wärmequelle und Wärmesenke mittels Transportzone entkoppelt, umkehrbar
• - Übertragung von Wärmestromdichten
• - Abbildung isothermischer Räume und Flächen
• - Inertgasbeigabe stabilisiert Temperatur
• - Eignung als thermische/s Diode/Schaltelement.

Advantageous properties of the heat pipe are

• - Wide temperature range for application (-263 ° C ...> 2,000 ° C)
• - Only small temperature drop with high heat transfer performance
• - Variant variety in the geometric expression
• - Heat source and heat sink decoupled by transport zone, reversible
• - Transfer of heat flux densities
• - Illustration of isothermal spaces and areas
• - Inert gas additive stabilizes temperature
• - Suitability as thermal / s diode / switching element.

• - Verzicht auf die aufwendige Dochtauskleidung im Rohr
• - Großer Leistungsbereich
• - Keine Begrenzung der Rohrlänge
• - Vertikal- oder Schrägverbau erforderlich (Gravitation).

Advantageous properties of the thermosyphon are

• - Waiver of the elaborate wick lining in the pipe
• - Large power range
• - No limitation of the pipe length
• - Vertical or inclined installation required (gravity).

• - Völlig passives Element, keine beweglichen Teile
• - Wartungs- und Verschleißfreiheit
• - Geräuscharmut.

Common advantages of both arrangements

• - Totally passive element, no moving parts
• - Maintenance and wear-free
• - low noise.

In industrial practice, gravity heat pipes are used that combine the advantages of both types of pipe - the use of gravity to condenser reflux out of the condenser and a reduced cost cheaper capillary system in the evaporator to increase performance.

• - Kondensatrückfluß ohne Leistungsbegrenzung
• - Kapillarsystem als Benetzungshilfe, zur Verhinderung der Siedeüberhitzung und zur Steigerung der Blasenbildung in der Siedezone
• - Beliebige Rohrlänge und Rohrausprägung, wie Serpentine, Spirale oder Wendel
• - Steuer- und Regelungsfähigkeit durch geänderte Rohrneigung und gegenläufige Wirkrichtung von Kapillar- und Schwerkräften.

This results in the following characteristics

• - Condensate return without power limitation
• - Capillary system as a wetting aid, to prevent boiling overheating and to increase the formation of bubbles in the boiling zone
• - Any tube length and tube stamping, such as serpentine, spiral or helix
• - Control capability by changing pipe inclination and opposite direction of action of capillary and gravitational forces.

In the present development, the main point is the transport of heat in the earth's interior to the earth's surface for the purpose of keeping snow or ice clear of lanes or preventing ice formation on the same. Roads are all types of prepared for driving surfaces addressed; these may be automobile-used roads as well as runways and fields used by aviation vehicles. But also areas and places of other uses, where the same goal is pursued, are addressed, such as places for leisure or garage or court entrances.

Moreover, however, the reversal of thermal operation - namely, the removal of heat from the surface of the earth - may also be of interest, e.g. the prevention of the softening of bituminous treated floors or of asphalt pavement due to strong heat. Here the heat is to be transported from the warmer earth surface into the colder earth interior against the gravitational forces.

The device to be developed for surface temperature control should operate autonomously and with low energy by eliminating an auxiliary energy; The installation, operating and maintenance costs should be minimized. On operated with additional energy devices and equipment parts, such as pumps or energy and maintenance intensive control and regulation devices should be largely eliminated. The variability of the different places of use with their respective characteristic peculiarities can be taken into account by varying the materials, the geometric dimensions and various means of transport / heat transfer and tube bundling.

• - die jahreszeitlich durchgehende Nutzung von Rollfeldern und -bahnen von Flughäfen für Fluggeräte und
• - alle Art von Straßen - insbesondere Fernverkehrswege - für alle Art von Fahrzeugen im Straßenwesen.

As application reference may be mentioned at this point

• - the seasonal use of airfields and runways for airports and airports
• - all types of roads - in particular long-distance routes - for all types of road vehicles.

Attention is focused in particular on activities in geographic locations of the earth that are affected by long winters and short summers; but even the short summers can be characterized by extreme heat. As evidenced by the following prior art, efforts in this regard are to be considered intensive.

In the following, the state of the art of devices for surface temperature control and method for their production - especially with regard to a device with a heat pipe with flanged Wärmeleitblechen appreciated. According to the state of the art, a large number of types of surface temperature control devices and methods for their production are known, depending on the application.

• - der Trans-Alaska-Pipeline (Jun. 1977)
• - der Lhasa-/Tibet-Bahnstrecke (Jul. 2006) sowie
• - von Gebäudefundamenten und Leitungsmasten in arktischen Gebieten.

The stabilization of the permafrost background is important in many applications, such as

• - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline (Jun. 1977)
• - The Lhasa / Tibet Railway (Jul. 2006) as well
• - of building foundations and pylons in arctic areas.

The Alaska pipeline, which has been laid largely underground, includes the 15 m ... 21 m vertical support member (VSM) with two 17.4 m Perkin pipes each - a type of thermosyphon with gravity for the return condensate - During the winter months, they cool the permafrost underground around the piers by transporting heat from the ground and dissipating heat over 1.83 m long AI cooling fins. In addition, the transmitted over the shoes and the support beams local Heat of 40 ° C ... 80 ° C heated oil also diverted over the equipped with cooling fins support tubes. During summertime, the means of transport / heat transfer of anhydrous ammonia (NH ₃ ) collects at the bottom of the thermosyphon; it does not work for the transport of heat against gravity - the thermosyphon is a thermal diode. Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) was also used as heat carrier, since non-condensable inert gases have formed on the bottom of the thermosyphon over time (Groll, M .: Heat pipes as components in energy technology, p. 82ff, from Fratzscher, W., Stephan, K .: Use of waste energy, technical, economic and social aspects, Forsch.-Ber., Berl.-Brandenburg, Akad. D. Wiss., Berlin, 2006).
The benefit lies in the preservation of the permafrost underground and not in the use of geothermal energy for other purposes.

Such Thermosiphons are also used in the Lhasa Railway, also called Tibet Railway, for stabilizing the railway embankment on permafrost ground; about 1/4 of the length of the railway between Golmud and Lhasa. Closed steel pipes filled with ammonia as heat transfer medium act as cooling rods at 0 ° C and colder. Warm soil brings the liquid ammonia of the tube bottom to evaporate and the rising ammonia gas condenses at higher, cooled by colder air places and runs from here as liquefied refrigerant by gravity on the inner tube wall down and cools the outer soil. While the heavier liquid ammonia only flows downwards, heat can only be transported upwards in this process - the floor is therefore cooled.
Again, the benefit lies in the preservation of the permafrost underground and not in the use of geothermal energy for other purposes.

Since mid-October 2017, a test and trial area called duraBASt of the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) is in operation, where in a section in the upper layer of the road a pipe register is installed, where by means of a coolant in the warm season asphalt stored heat energy dissipated In the cold season, warmer geothermal water can act as an asphalt heater.
Such experimental tracks for snowmelting and roadway deicing have already been built and tested in large numbers in Japan; the plants were designed for a capacity of 20 ... 130 W / m ² (Dunn, PD, Reay, DA: Heat Pipes, 4th ed., p. 309ff, Pergamon, 1994).

These pilot plants include a complete, electrically controlled by pump and auxiliary energy and regulated cooling or heating system and has no relation to the autonomous heat pipe with capillary structure.

With the Chinese Utility Model, 'Temperature-adjustable novel airfield runway', no. CN 2012 177 69 BC. Jun. 18, 2008, a device will be presented, with which the temperature of an airfield roll field can be adjusted. The new temperature-adjustable airfield runway consists of a piste bed with a runway surface under which heating pipes are located, or better still in a protective sleeve in a reinforcing steel bar net made of reinforced concrete. Both sides of the runway are provided with protective trenches, the heating pipe and the runway are perpendicular to each other and the heating pipes are connected in the protective trenches via their respective ends connected in series by curved pipe sections. The arrangement allows the temperature of the airfield of the airfield to be adapted and maintained at the set temperature, to ensure the takeoff and landing safety of aircraft, to improve the 24-hour take-off and landing safety and to extend the durability of the runway considerably. The heating tube technology of the runway is also suitable for the arrangement of large stations, squares, service areas of highways and the like.
According to the accompanying sketch, it is obviously arranged in the runway, liquid-retaining pipe loops, which are supplied from the outside depending on the condition of the runway roadway with tempered medium - similar to the asphalt heating outlined above.

The Russian patent application, Heat pipe system for thermal control of aerodromes and road surfaces', no. RU 2 457 291 v.. Dec. 13, 2010, discloses a heating tube system for thermal control of runway and road surfaces with near-surface heat exchange elements of tubes which are interconnected crosswise and circumferentially, the inner surface of the bottom being covered by a drainage layer underlying the Bottom freezing boundary is arranged, and lower heat exchange elements whose construction is a mirror image of the construction of the upper heat exchange elements, and also the bottom of the middle tube in each heat exchange element with the upper part of the central tube in the corresponding lower heat exchange element by a vertical heating tube connected, wherein at the same time tubes, which are arranged along the circumference of each upper heat exchange element, with spray nozzles are equipped, which are connected by above-surface pipes via a steam distributor and a shut-off valve with a surge tank, the trough is filled with a low-boiling liquid, which also fills the filter all heat exchange elements and heating pipes.
The figures shown in the appendix provide information on an installed under the runway or pavement ceiling pipe register, which is temperature-controlled with tempered liquid medium - similar to the above-sketched asphalt heating.

The Chinese utility model, From snow melt airfield pavement heat pipe support ', no. CN 205 313 952 v. Jan. 5, 2016, claims protection for a snowmelt airstrip dam tube device, but neither the English nor the German abstract nor the attached illustrations give any indication of the method used.
From the figures, however, no application of the above-described heat pipe can be taken.

All the publications presented are only partially or not at all suitable for the specific use of surface temperature control devices and methods for their production - in particular not with regard to a device with a heat pipe with flanged heat conducting plates.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device according to the preamble of claim 1, a device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof - in particular with regard to a device with a heat pipe with flanged Wärmeleitblechen.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1; to advantageous embodiments, the dependent claims.

The device for surface temperature control in question consists of a heat pipe, which can be inserted into the same flush at the desired location of the surface after the preceding, primarily vertical, hole of corresponding diameter. In addition, the heat pipe has at its surface facing the end mechanically and thermally flush, perpendicular to the surface mounted Wärmeleitbleche pronounced quarter-like and mounted in pairs opposite to the pipe form a semicircle, the diameter side aligned flush and parallel to the surface and its radius with the heat pipe mechanically and thermally closely connected.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the number of heat-emitting or heat-absorbing sheets of the capacitor zone and thus their angle to each other is initially freely selectable; However, based on the sum of their surface areas in relation to the heat-absorbing or heat-emitting surface of the evaporator zone on the premise that no more heat can be discharged through the capacitor _surface F _2ges , as was taken over the evaporator _surface F _1ges $$-{\text{F}}_{1\text{ges}}={\text{F}}_{\text{2Ges}},$$

Another aspect to be taken into account in the choice of the number of heat conducting plates is given by the further on-site application and relates to the introduction of the thus designed heat pipes. Corresponding to the geometrical characteristics of the quarter-circle-like heat conducting plates, radial semicircular cuts are introduced centrally into the borehole for the heat pipe into the surface to be tempered, up to a depth of the half blade of the circular saw blade or the quarter-circle-like sheets fastened to the pipe.

A further development of the inventive novelty provides that the number of surface saw cuts is thus determined over half the number of sheets of the condenser zone, wherein the number of sheets n from an application point of view always n be divisible by 2 without rest (n mod 2 = 0) should and two opposing sheets should always be in alignment, cut 'aligned, so that the heat pipe applied with Wärmeleitblechen can be flush mounted surface.

wobei r₁ der Radius des Wärmerohrs und I₁ die Länge der Verdampferzone darstellen. Für eine wärmeabgebende halbkreisförmige Kondensatorfläche F_2ges ergibt sich $$-{\text{ F}}_{\text{2ges}}=\mathrm{\pi }\cdot {\text{r}}_2{}^2,$$

wobei r₂ der Radius eines viertelkreisähnlichen Blechs ist. Daraus folgen die Verhältnisse für die halbkreisförmige Kondensatorfläche $$-{\text{ r}}_1={\text{r}}_2{}^2/\left(2\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right)$$

$$-{\text{ I}}_1={\text{r}}_2{}^2/\left(2\cdot {\text{r}}_1\right)$$

$$-{\text{ r}}_2=\surd \left(2\cdot {\text{r}}_1\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right).$$

For the heat-absorbing evaporator _surface F _1ges results $$-{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="F" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">F</figure-callout>}}_{1\text{ges}}=2\cdot \mathrm{\pi }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_1\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="I" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">I</figure-callout>}}_1$$

where r _{1 represents} the radius of the heat pipe and I _{1 represents} the length of the evaporator zone. For a heat-emitting semicircular capacitor _surface F _2ges results $$-{\text{F}}_{\text{2Ges}}=\mathrm{\pi }\cdot {\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2.$$

where r _{2 is} the radius of a quarter-circle-like sheet. From this, the conditions for the semicircular capacitor surface follow $$-{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_1={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2/\left(2\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right)$$

$$-{\text{I}}_1={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2/\left(2\cdot {\text{r}}_1\right)$$

$$-{\text{r}}_2=\surd \left(2\cdot {\text{r}}_1\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right),$$

$$-{\text{ I}}_1={\text{r}}_2{}^2/{\text{r}}_1$$

$$-{\text{ r}}_2=\surd \left({\text{r}}_1\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right).$$

The surface formula on the example of 4 quarter-circle-like sheets gives the following ratios $$-{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_1={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2/{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="I" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">I</figure-callout>}}_1$$

$$-{\text{I}}_1={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2/{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="r" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">r</figure-callout>}}_1$$

$$-{\text{r}}_2=\surd \left({\text{r}}_1\cdot {\text{I}}_1\right),$$

Another embodiment of the inventive novelty is given by the fact that the heat pipe at its ends of the evaporator and condenser zone gas and is sealed liquid-tight; this closure can be brought about in addition to a metallic encapsulation by gluing, soldering or welding a cover cover by flattening the pipe end over a length I ₁ , wherein the flattened pipe end for the purpose of the seal also still glued, soldered or welded. By definition, the heat pipe is flush with the inside wall with a thin, single or multi-layer grid of wire mesh - forming the wick - which establishes the capillary structure.

• - des Transportmittels/Wärmeträgers
• - der Material-/Werkstoffauswahl von Rohr und Docht sowie
• - der geometrischen Abmessungen/Bauform und Maschenweite

erst beim Bezug zur Applikation festgelegt werden. Dennoch wird versucht, ein Funktionsmodell beispielhaft unter Berücksichtigung der Randbedingungen vorzustellen.Due to the diverse uses of the device for surface temperature control, the determination

• - The means of transport / heat carrier
• - The material / material selection of pipe and wick as well
• - the geometric dimensions / design and mesh size

only be specified when you get to the application. Nevertheless, an attempt is made to present a functional model by way of example, taking into account the boundary conditions.

First of all, it is found that there are dependencies between the material of the pipe, the transport means / heat carrier and the wick, material and mesh size; Recommendations are made in the relevant literature.

Physically, any pure liquid can be used as a transport / heat carrier, as long as its vapor pressure curve lies within the desired working range and compatibility with the pipe material is present.

Suitable transport / heat transfer media for the above-mentioned application in the range of -50 ° C ... + 75 ° C are considered (L = alloy) Mp. Bp. Appl. area materials - Propane (C ₃ H ₂ ), combustible -188 ° C -42 ° C -80 ° C ... 120 ° C Al-L., Fe Butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ), flammable -160 ° C -20 ° C -70 ° C ... 110 ° C Al-L., Fe - ammonia (NH ₃ ) -78 ° C -33 ° C -60 ° C ... 120 ° C Al-L., Fe, Ni-L. Methanol (CH ₄ O) -98 ° C 64 ° C -50 ° C ... 150 ° C Cu-L., Fe, CuNi Acetone (C ₃ H ₆ O) -95 ° C 56 ° C -40 ° C ... 140 ° C Al-L., Cu, Fe, Ni Ethanol (C ₂ H ₆ O) -112 ° C 78 ° C -30 ° C ... 130 ° C Al-L., Fe Pentane (C ₅ H ₁₂ ), dist. -130 ° C 36 ° C -20 ° C ... 120 ° C Al-L., Fe - heptane (C ₇ H ₁₆ ), combust. -90 ° C 98 ° C -20 ° C ... 120 ° C Al-L., Fe

Shown are the melting and boiling point of the transport / heat transfer and the limits of the vapor pressure curves. The transport / heat carrier selection should be made so that there is sufficient distance of the working temperature to the critical point and the fixed point (ice point); Too low pressure - especially in vacuum - causes problems in the heat pipe filling by air pockets, high wall thicknesses due to high pressure.

Also shown are the materials for the housing wall of the heat pipe together with compatible structural and capillary materials. Dependencies exist due to the existing process streams and above all due to impending corrosion risks. The heating / air conditioning technology mainly uses Al, Cu and Fe pipes, while in energy and process engineering alloyed steel and stainless steel pipes are used.

While in the field of ventilation and air conditioning mainly small pipe lengths are used, which are pronounced as coils, with a whole row of tubes is treated as a pipe coil like a continuous single pipe, with evacuation and filling of the whole coil at a pipe end, and the distribution of the liquid all tubes of the series is carried out automatically by vapor pressure and capillary forces are provided in the inventive application predominantly perpendicular to the surface introduced individual tubes.

• - Auswahl des Wärmerohr-/Thermosiphon-Werkstoffs
• - Auswahl des Wärmeleitblech-Materials
• - Auswahl des Transportmittels/Wärmeträgers
• - Auswahl des Dochtmaterials und dessen Maschenweite und der Lagenanzahl
• - Herstellung der Einzelteile, wie Wärmeleitbleche, Docht, Endkappen, etc.
• - Reinigung des Wärmerohrs/Thermosiphons und der Einzelteile
• - Aus-/Entgasen der Metallteile
• - Einbau des Dochts und dessen Ausrichtung
• - Anbringung der Wärmeleitbleche
• - Endkappen/Plättungen kleben, löten und/oder schweißen
• - Wärmerohr/Thermosiphon auf Leckage prüfen
• - Aufbereiten, Reinigen, Veredeln des Transportmittels/Wärmeträgers
• - Transportmittel/Wärmeträger entgasen
• - Wärmerohr/Thermosiphon evakuieren und füllen
• - Wärmerohr/Thermosiphon dichten
• - Transportzone des Wärmerohrs/Thermosiphons isolieren/manteln.

The assembly of a heat pipe is summarized as follows

• - Selection of the heat pipe / thermosyphon material
• - Selection of Wärmeleitblech material
• - Selection of the means of transport / heat carrier
• - Selection of the wick material and its mesh size and the number of layers
• - Production of individual parts, such as heat conducting sheets, wick, end caps, etc.
• - Cleaning of the heat pipe / thermosyphon and the items
• - Degassing / degassing of the metal parts
• - Installation of the wick and its orientation
• - Attaching the Wärmeleitbleche
• - Glue, solder and / or weld end caps / flats
• - Check the heat pipe / thermosyphon for leakage
• - Preparation, cleaning, refining of the means of transport / heat carrier
• - degass transport / heat transfer medium
• - Evacuate and fill the heat pipe / thermosyphon
• - Seal the heat pipe / thermosyphon
• - Insulate / coat the transport zone of the heat pipe / thermosyphon.

Depending on the nature of the wick - sintered or diffusion-bonded - it is recommended to degas with a placed, aligned wick in the heat pipe.

$$-\text{ b}={\text{s}}_2/{\text{d}}_{\text{a}}$$

und wird zur Bestimmung der Übertragungsleistung des Wärmerohr-Wärmeübertragers aus Rohrbündeln benötigt.Another embodiment of the invention provides that, however, the introduction of many individual tubes is provided in the surface, so-called tube bundles, wherein the individual tubes are introduced spaced apart depending on the single tube design and application reference. Related to the heat flow can the individual tubes of the tube bundle in width and depth in alignment or offset to be arranged on a gap. The longitudinal pitch ratio b is calculated from the distance of the rows of tubes in the depth s ₂ and the tube outer diameter d _a and the transverse distribution ratio a from the distance of adjacent tubes in the width s ₁ and the outer diameter d _a to $$-\text{a}={\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="s" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">s</figure-callout>}}_1/{\text{d}}_{\text{a}}$$

$$-\text{b}={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="s" filenames="DE202019003115U1\_0013.png,DE202019003115U1\_0014.png" state="{{state}}">s</figure-callout>}}_2/{\text{d}}_{\text{a}}$$

and is needed to determine the transfer capacity of the heat pipe heat exchanger from tube bundles.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the assembly and commissioning of the inventive novelty designed so that the tube bundle of individual heat pipes or thermosyphon is dimensioned indicative of the defined surface, at the marked locations core holes with the diameter d _k > d _a and a depth greater than Tube length are executed, then saw cuts half saw blade diameter centerline and angularly mounted after number of half the number of sheets of prepared inventive heat pipe, so that after completion of the site cleaning so designed heat pipe / thermosiphon can be flush mounted and positioned in the bore with the cuts. A subsequent possible bubble-free sealing encapsulation closes, seals and paves the surface long term.

More spaced apart individual tubes are thus introduced into the surface to an aligned or staggered tube bundle. Depending on the condition of the ground, flattened pipe ends can be sunk in deeper than the pipe length deeply inserted core holes for a better heat transfer. Furthermore, a heat pipe extension is provided such that the flattened pipe ends of two heat pipes for a good heat transfer corresponding compressed and glued depending on the material, soldered and / or welded.

The heat flow around the heat pipe / the thermosyphon is determined by the thermal conductivities A of the surrounding materials; Here for the purpose of completing some key figures of selected materials in W / mK - copper (Cu), λ _Cu = 380 - aluminum (AI), λ _Al = 200 Graphite (C), λ _C = 140 - Stole, λ _steel = 47 - stainless steel, λ _{V2A / V4A} = 21 - granite, λ _granite = 3.5 - Concrete, λ _concrete = 1.5 ... 2.3 - asphalt, λ _asphalt = 1 - bitumen, λ _bitumen = 0.17 - Air, λ _air = 0.024.

The heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen is installed in practice several times to a tube bundle, the application can be done with aligned or staggered heat pipe arrangement, which is important for the calculation of the heat conduction (Dubbel, H .: Taschenbuch für die Maschinenbau, 10th ed. , Vol. I, p. 293ff, Springer, 1949). In the application presented above, a spacing of heat pipes with Wärmeleitblechen of 1 ... 1.5 m is provided.

• 1 Aufbau und Wirkweise eines Wärmerohrs
• 2 Wärmerohr mit Wärmeleitblechen
  1. a) Perspektivische Darstellung
  2. b) Explosionsdarstellung
  3. c) Vorderansicht
• 3 Wärmerohr mit Wärmeleitblechen
  1. a) Rohrende, geplättet, mit Schlitzblechen
  2. b) Rohrende, geplättet, mit Abkantblechen
  3. c) Rohrende mit Abkantblechen
  4. d) Rohrende, geschlitzt, mit Abkantblechen
• 4 Wärmerohrverlängerung
  1. a) Seitenansicht Rohrenden, geplättet, teilisoliert
  2. b) Vorderansicht Rohrenden, geplättet, vollisoliert
  3. c) Rohrverbinder mit Sicke
• 5 Ebene Wärmefeldverteilung
  1. a) Wärmefeld Rohrende, geplättet
  2. b) Wärmefeld Wärmeleitblech.

The subject matter of the invention will be further clarified below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it

• 1 Structure and mode of action of a heat pipe
• 2 Heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen
  1. a) Perspective view
  2. b) exploded view
  3. c) front view
• 3 Heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen
  1. a) Pipe end, flattened, with slotted sheets
  2. b) Pipe end, flattened, with bending plates
  3. c) Pipe end with bending plates
  4. d) Pipe end, slotted, with bending plates
• 4 Heat pipe extension
  1. a) Side view pipe ends, flattened, partially insulated
  2. b) Front view pipe ends, flattened, fully insulated
  3. c) Pipe connector with bead
• 5 Level of heat field distribution
  1. a) Heat field pipe end, flattened
  2. b) Heat field Wärmeleitblech.

The same and equivalent components of the embodiments are each provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

The description of the device according to the invention will be continued with reference to the explanation of the figures.

How out 1 As can be seen, there is the heat pipe A from a lengthened closed housing shell F as a tube sealed at the ends, which evaporates in the areas B , adiabatic transport zone C and capacitor D is divided. The transport zone can be heat insulated e wear. A flat wick closes flush with the inner wall of the housing G on, which consists of a porous material, such as a multi-layer wire mesh with a heat carrier-dependent mesh size. The interior of the housing forms a steam channel or space H ,

The interior is also filled with a means of transport or heat transfer, the / in gaseous form L and in liquid form N occurs in the housing. Will the heating or evaporator zone B of the heat pipe A warmth I supplied, evaporated K in this zone the liquid transport N from the capillary structure of the wick G and rises as steam L in the steam channel H the one with a heat insulation e provided transport zone C to the other end of the housing in the cooling or condenser zone D on. Here is heat J over the housing wall F delivered to the environment and the transport condensed M , collects on the inside of the housing F and flows through the capillary action of the wick G as reflux N on the inner wall via the transport zone C to the other end of the housing back to the heating or evaporator zone B , possibly against gravity G ,

The heat pipe designed in this way A is an excellent location-independent heat conductor. Is on the wick in capillary structure G dispensed, flows the liquid transport N also on the housing inner wall of the zone D over the zone C into the zone B but only with help and by gravity G and not capillary powered. The heat pipe designed in this way is also called thermosyphon or gravity heat pipe; it must have at least a slight tendency to gravitational effects. Furthermore, combination heat pipes are used, on the one hand gravity for condensate return from the condenser zone D over the transport zone C use and on the other hand a reduced cost capillary system in the evaporator B to increase performance.

2 shows the heat pipe according to the invention with Wärmeleitblechen 1 in 2 a) in perspective, wherein the heat pipe 2 in three sections evaporator 10 , Transport zone 20 and capacitor 30 zoned. In addition, the lower end of the pipe is flattened 11 - like a paddle - executed and - depending on the material - soldered - when using copper - or welded - when using stainless steel - 12 and is used for heat absorption or delivery. The width of the paddle is given by the pipe diameter or circumference; the definition of the heat-absorbing or heat-emitting surface determines the length of the paddle. Before plating, the pipe inner wall in this area has been provided with a pasty sealant or adhesive for the purpose of sealing. The transition from the flattened pipe end to the pipe 13 closes the evaporation 14 of the introduced heat carrier.

From here to the other transition point from the pipe to the flattened pipe end - essentially in the adiabatic transport zone 20 - The tube is thermally insulated on the outside 21 and inside by a wick 22 kapillarstrukturiert; the wick can be wound as a mesh material with transport material-dependent mesh size one or more layers to form a tube, as a dimensioned fabric hose made of wire or glass fiber, as a porous carbon or foam tube inside wall adjacent by the opposite, still open pipe end be introduced taking into account in the length that the open Pipe end is still flattened. Through the pipe interior of the heat transfer occurs as a vapor stream 23 and the heat transfer reflux 24 takes place via the capillary-structured wick.

The structure of the pipe end of the condenser or cooling zone 30 designed similar to the evaporator or heating zone 10 , After filling the device with a selected and volume-sized transport / heat transfer, the still open pipe end is internally provided with pasty sealant or adhesive, evacuated the pipe contents and the pipe end tightly flattened 31 and soldered or welded depending on the material 32 , In the area of the transition from the pipe to the flattened pipe end 33 takes place in the pipe, a heat transfer from the heat carrier to the pipe and the vapor stream of the same condenses 34 at the buttbestückten pipe inner wall 22 ,

The flattened pipe end of the condenser or cooling zone 30 is axially slotted centrally 35 to semicircular Wärmeleitbleche 36 it is the sheet with its diameter side 37 flush with the soldering or welding edge 32 the flattened pipe end mechanically fixed and thermally lossless attach to this. Come several Wärmeleitbleche 36 For use, these are prefabricated into an assembly and connected flush with the flattened pipe end, mechanically fixed and thermal loss. Such a designed device can be introduced for the purpose of heat conduction in a prepared well with additional saw cut half saw blade diameter.

2 B) shows the heat pipe according to the invention with Wärmeleitblechen 1 as an exploded view before assembly, with the heat pipe 2 in three sections evaporator 10 , Transport zone 20 and capacitor 30 zoned. In addition, the flattened pipe ends 11 . 31 shown, with the latter via the mounting slot 35 features. Shown are still two semicircular Wärmeleitbleche 36 , the half each radially split at the top and bottom corresponding to mating 38 are. The thus created assembly 'sheets' is in the flattened slotted pipe end 31 of the heat pipe 2 mounted, aligned and secured without thermal loss. For thermal reasons, the crosswise radial alignment of the heat conducting plates - that is perpendicular to each other - is recommended.

2 c) shows a front view of the heat pipe according to the invention with Wärmeleitblechen 1 , where the heat pipe 2 in three sections evaporator 10 , Transport zone 20 and capacitor 30 zoned.

3 dedicated to the heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen 1 , in particular different embodiments of the pipe end 31 and the Wärmeleitblechs 36 , each shown in a plan view. In 3 a) it affects a flattened pipe end 31 which is slotted axially in the middle 35 and the halves each radially slotted 38 Semicircular Wärmeleitbleche 36 are correspondingly inserted into each other and as an assembly in the slotted pipe end 31 are mounted so that their diameter sides 37 flush with the glued, soldered or welded tube end 32 close and the quarter-circle ends of the thermally lossless cross-mounted sheets with each other always include a right angle.

In 3 b) is the heat pipe end 31 also run flat, the semicircular Wärmeleitblech 36 is bent so that between two quarter-circular ends of a Wärmeleitblechs an axially pronounced narrow web 39 forms, which is positioned and secured as a soldering or welding edge axially centered on the pipe end and the diameter side 37 flush with the glued, soldered or welded tube end 32 closed, and the two ends of the Wärmeleitblechs form a right angle. The central arrangement of each of such a designed Wärmeleitblechs with its ends on both sides of the flattened pipe end forms in plan view a mirror-symmetrical sheet metal cross.

In 3 c) is the pipe end of the heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen 1 leave hollow cylindrical and the semicircular Wärmeleitblech 36 also taking into account a radially arranged web 39 so folded and shaped that the quarter-circle ends of a sheet span a 90 ° angle, the design of the web, however, follows the cylindrical curve of the left pipe end. The two Wärmeleitbleche are mounted so thermally lossless and fixed that its diameter side 37 flush with the end of the tube and the four halves of the sheet in plan view result in a mirror-symmetrical cross.

In a further embodiment 3 d) becomes the pipe end of the heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen 1 hollow cylindrical and leave a semicircular Wärmeleitblech 36 beveled axially web-free, that the two quarter-circular ends of a sheet span a 90 ° angle. The hollow cylindrical tube end is radially spaced 90 ° and axially slotted so wide and deep that the heat conducting plates with their diameter side 37 are flush with the pipe end, wherein the axial bending edges of the sheets in the center of the pipe tangent, and the two Wärmeleitbleche are mounted thermally lossless and secured so that the four sheet halves in plan view again result in a mirror-symmetrical cross.

4 is devoted to the heat pipe extension of pipe-flattened and un-flattened hollow cylindrical heat pipes with Wärmeleitblechen 1 , 4 a) shows in side view the flattened pipe ends 11 two heat pipes 2 whose corresponding flat surfaces are glued, soldered or welded to one another without thermal loss. In addition, a thermal insulation helps 21 Good heat transfer from tube to tube to prevent unwanted heat radiation at this point. For the further processing of heat pipes 2 in Erdbohrungen axial linking of the connected pipe ends is recommended 11 each half the thickness of a flattened pipe end, so that the two heat pipes involved are aligned.

4 b) shows a possible front view of a heat pipe extension of rohrfengeplätteten hollow cylindrical heat pipes with Wärmeleitblechen 1 such that the thermally lossless interconnected pipe ends 11 between the pipe transition points 13 are isolated full volume, which on the one hand reduces the heat losses at this point and on the other hand, the introduction of heat pipe extensions of heat pipes 2 facilitated in core drilling.

4 c) offers a heat pipe extension of hollow cylindrical heat pipes with heat conducting plates 1 such that the two hollow cylindrical pipe ends of the heat pipes 2 made by means of a thermally lossless cut pipe connector with bead same pipe material such that the heat pipe ends glued to the nozzle of the pipe connector, soldered and / or welded. The beading helps in the insertion of the pipes in and the positioning in the extension.

5 shows a flat heat field distribution 50 around the heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen 1 In particular, the field formation is approximately illustrated on the surface sides; always shown are the field lines of constant heat 53 and the potential lines of constant temperature (isotherm) 54 different cuts. 5 a) shows the flat heat field 51 a flattened pipe end 11 wherein the cut flattened pipe end is on a potential line (x-axis) or a spatially extended potential line 54 lies and whose narrow sides have the most intense heat density j. In the illustration, the lines are substantially perpendicular 53 Field lines of constant heat q and the substantially elliptical lines 54 Potentiallinien constant temperature t Field and potential lines are in the crossing points 57 always perpendicular to each other; two adjacent field lines always form a heat flow tube 55 constant flow and two adjacent potential lines 56 always contain a constant potential or temperature difference. The narrow sides of the cut flattened pipe end 11 have the densest field distribution q . t on. It is further assumed that the flattened pipe end 11 of the heat pipe 2 Absorbs heat.

5 b) shows the flat heat field 52 a Wärmeleitblechs 36 a heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen 1 in which the cut heat-conducting sheet is mounted on a potential line ( y -Axis) 54 and its narrow sides the most intense heat density j exhibit. In the illustration, the lines are substantially perpendicular 53 Field lines of constant heat q and the substantially horizontal lines 54 Potentiallinien constant temperature t , Field and potential lines are in the crossing points 57 always perpendicular to each other; two adjacent field lines always form a heat flow tube 55 constant flow and two adjacent potential lines 56 always contain a constant potential or temperature difference. The narrow sides of the cut Wärmeleitblechs 36 have the densest field distribution q . t on. It is further believed that the heat conduction 36 of the heat pipe 2 Gives off heat. The presentation leaves on the x -Achse also a Wärmeleitblech to whose narrow sides, however, lie at infinity; clearly visible on the penetration of the heat field lines in the heat conduction and the potential lines as tangents of Wärmeleitblechs.

Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims; The numerous possibilities and advantages of the embodiment of the invention are reflected in the number of patent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Heat pipe with Wärmeleitblechen

2

heat pipe

10

Evaporator, heating zone

11

Pipe end, flattened

12

Soldering or welding point

13

Checkpoint

14

evaporation

20

Adiabatic transport zone

21

thermal insulation

22

Wick, capillary structured

23

Heat transfer steam flow

24

Heat transfer reflux

30

Condenser, cooling zone

31

Pipe end, flattened

32

Soldering or welding point

33

Checkpoint

34

condensation

35

Slot pipe end

36

heat conducting

37

Diameter side

38

Slot Wärmeleitblech

39

web

4

Pipe connector with bead

40

Interconnects

41

Beading

50

Heat field distribution, even

51

Flat heat field flattened pipe end

52

Even heat field Wärmeleitblech

53

Field line of constant heat q

54

Potentiallinie constant temperature t

55

Heat flow tube Q

56

Potential difference temperature t ₂ - t ₁

57

Crossing point of two lines

A

heat pipe

B

Evaporator, heating zone

C

Adiabatic transport zone

D

Condenser, cooling zone

e

insulation

F

Housing, wall

G

Wick, capillary structure

H

Steam channel, steam room

I

heat

J

heat dissipation

K

evaporation

L

Transport / heat transfer steam flow

M

condensation

N

Transport / heat transfer reflux

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2350348 [0002]
• US 3229759 [0002]

Claims (10)

Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof, characterized in that - the device for surface temperature control of a wicked (22) heat pipe (2) with an evaporator or heating zone (10) at a pipe end, a thermally insulated transport zone (20) in Pipe center and a condenser or cooling zone (30) at the other end of the tube exists and - at the tube end of the condenser or cooling zone thermally and mechanically flush, axially mounted to the tube and radially projecting from the tube heat conducting plates (36), which are pronounced quarter-circle-like and - Attached in pairs opposing with the pipe end form a semicircular outer contour whose diameter side (37) centrally and flush with the pipe end (32) closes. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof Claim 1 , characterized in that - the heat pipe (2) also wickedly - also called thermosyphon, Perkin tube, gravity-assisted heat pipe, gravitational or gravitational heat pipe or heat pipe without capillary structure - is used, or - the heat pipe (2) as a gravity heat pipe Use is made with wick-free condenser or cooling (30) and transport zone (20) but with a wick with capillary structure (22) in the evaporator or heating zone (10). Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 and 2 , characterized in that - the capillary force structured wick (22) of the heat pipe (2) consists of a tube, braided or foamed or tipped or woven, glass fiber, porous membrane material, microporous foam or porous carbon. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that - the number n of heat-emitting or heat-absorbing Wärmeleitbleche (36) of the condenser or cooling zone (30) and thus their distance angle to each other is freely selectable and - the number n of sheets (36) is the sum of their surface area in Ratio calculated to the heat-absorbing or heat-emitting surface of the evaporator or heating zone (10). Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that - the number n of Wärmeleitblechen (36) of the condenser or cooling zone (30) is always n divisible by 2 without rest (n mod 2 = 0) and - two opposing sheets always in alignment, cut ' are aligned. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that - the pipe ends of the heat pipe (2) by surface flattening (11, 31) and bonding, soldering and / or welding (32) are sealed. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that - the thermal insulation (21) of the adiabatic transport zone (20) of the heat pipe (2) by plastic coating, plastic coating, processing of heat shrink tubing or Isolierstrumpf is made. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that - the semicircular outer contour of the heat sheets (36) at flattened pipe end (31) a) by half radius (38) slotted semicircular Wärmeleitbleche (36) is formed, which in two metal sheets ineinandersteckt as an assembly in a corresponding axial slot (35 ) of the pipe end (31), or b) by maintaining a narrow axial fastening web (39) two twice 45 ° angled semicircular Wärmeleitbleche (36) on both sides of the flattened pipe end (31) centrally opposite - each aligned crosswise and thermally and mechanically diameter-side (37) are fixed flush with the pipe end (32). Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that - the semicircular outer contour of the heat sheets (36) with hollow cylinder-shaped tube end a) by maintaining a narrow axial tube diameter-matched fastening web (39) two twice 45 ° angled semicircular Wärmeleitbleche (36) or b) by two axially centrally 90 ° -angled semicircular Wärmeleitbleche (36), which in the 90 ° -beamed and axially so wide and deeply slotted hollow cylindrical tube end, tangent to their axial bending edges in the center of the tube, and - coaxially facing both sides of the tube end crosswise aligned and thermally and mechanically diameter side (37) are fixed flush with the pipe end. Device for surface temperature control and a method for the production thereof according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9 , Characterized in that - an extension of the heat pipe with heat conducting sheeting (1) (a) for geplättetem tube end 11) of the evaporator or heating zone (10) is effected such that the ironed tube end (11) of the heat pipe (2) is also flattened by Tube end of the heat pipe extension (2) is made to coincide and the pipe ends are thermally and mechanically flush fixed by gluing, soldering, pressing and / or welding, with an axial entanglement of both pipe ends by half the tube thickness ensures an alignment of the two heat pipes and b) when the tube end (11) of the evaporator or heating zone (10) is left in such a way that a tube connector (40) with a bead (41) separates the two tube ends of the evaporator or heating zone (10) and condenser or cooling zone (30). excessively thermally lossless and mechanically strong, whereby - a thermal insulation of the joint prevents heat loss.

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