DE202018105735U1 - processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

Processing device for processing elongated, raw vegetable products (10), preferably from palm plants
a splitting device (14) for splitting the crude products (10) into elongated lamellae,
a defibering device (20) for defibering the slats,
a further processing device (24) for further processing of the fibrillated fins to a material.

Description

The invention relates to a processing device for processing raw vegetable products, preferably from palm plants.

From the raw products, such as plant waste, a material can be produced.

When cultivating or cultivating palm trees, for example of date palms, coconut trees and / or oil palms, large quantities of plant residues that are difficult to rotting arise.

A sustainable, regular care of the plants is not only essential for the beauty of the palms, but in particular for their health and protection against pests required.

In annual intervals, the trunk is freed of "dead" palm fronds of the bottom row. After several years, the parts of the so-called Wedelhülsen, which remain in the care of the trunk removed.

In the United Arab Emirates alone, approximately 475,000 tonnes of this bio-based material are produced each year.

In the past, the accumulated material was largely stored or burned unused, which is harmful to the environment and is now legally prohibited.

There are known processing facilities for palm waste. The trunk is usually used and chopped into chips. The chips are pressed together with other materials to plates. However, these do not have high stability.

Also, the stems and / or leaves of the palm are not recycled.

It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a processing device of the type mentioned in that in a simple and cost-effective manner large quantities of vegetable raw products, especially stems and / or leaves of the palm, can be processed to stable, new materials.

The solution of this object is achieved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

According to the invention, the processing device is designed for processing elongated, vegetable crude products, preferably from palm plants.

The crude products are derived in particular from date, coconut and / or oil palms. For example, the elongated stems, also called panicles, can be processed. These crude products are obtained in large quantities as waste in the care. Preferably, the crude product is 100% from the care of the plants, so that no plant harvested, no tree felled and / or no plantation must be cleared.

The processing device comprises a splitting device for splitting the crude products into elongated lamellae. The length of the crude products and / or the lamellae may be for example at least 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm or more.

The crude products are therefore cleaved in the longitudinal direction. A chopping to wood chips or fine chips does not take place.

Furthermore, the processing device has a defibering device for defibering the slats. When defibering, preferably only little pressure is exerted on the lamellae, as the filler parenchyma, u.a. with the ingredients starch, lignin and / or tannin, would negatively affect the material.

In the fiberizing apparatus, the fins are preferably oriented at right angles to the conveying direction.

Finally, the processing device comprises a further processing device for further processing of the shredded fins to a material.

The material may in particular be a solid and / or stable material, e.g. a fiber composite, act. For example, the material can be used as a plate, in particular high-strength fiber composite plate, e.g. be formed with phenolic resin, as a beam, as a bar and / or as a molded part. The material may in particular, e.g. similar to wood, as a building material, for example in the structural field, in interior design, but also in vehicle construction and / or industry.

Since the material is difficult to burn, this is preferable to fire protection aspects of wood. In particular, fire doors made of the material can be created. Furthermore, the material is particularly waterproof.

Since the stable fibers of the raw products are obtained during processing, the material is extremely stable.

Preferably, conveying devices, eg conveyor belts, may be provided between the splitting device, the defibering device and the further processing device.

In particular, the processing device forms a unit, i. the crude products are successively fed to the individual devices to ultimately obtain the material.

The processing device can be processed into stable materials in a simple and cost-effective manner, large amounts of vegetable raw products, in particular of stems and / or leaves of the palm.

Further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings.

According to one embodiment, the splitting device comprises a knife set with a plurality of blades arranged in parallel and / or in the form of a grid.

The crude products are preferably oriented parallel to the conveying direction and are pushed through the knife set. Preferably, the blades are oriented parallel to each other and / or parallel to the conveying direction. For example, at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more blades may be provided.

When penetrating the knife set, the raw products are split and form elongated lamellae. In particular, the crude products are easy to split because there is no strong bond between the fibers.

The blade spacing may preferably be between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm. The resulting slats are correspondingly thick.

In particular, the raw products may be initially bundled by a feeder, for example by vertically oriented bundling rolls. The axes of rotation of the bundling rolls may preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or conveying surface. Two bundling rolls may e.g. be arranged side by side on opposite sides of a conveyor.

For example, over two horizontally oriented rolls arranged one above the other, the raw products can be pressed through the knife set. The axes of rotation of the horizontal rolls may preferably be oriented at right angles to the conveying direction or parallel to the conveying surface and / or at right angles to the axes of rotation of the bundling rolls.

According to a further embodiment, an admixing device for admixing a further crude vegetable product, in particular leaves, is provided between the splitting device and the defibering device.

Also, this crude product is preferably derived from palm plants, e.g. the oil, coconut and / or date palm. As a result, in particular all plant waste of the palm, preferably the entire palm frond together with stems and leaves, can be used.

The further crude vegetable product, e.g. the leaf material, can preferably be metered added to the cleaved slats. By dosing a homogeneous distribution is possible.

The other crude vegetable product is fed together with the split lamellae of the fiberization device and also shredded.

According to a further embodiment, the defibering device comprises a friction device. During fiber pulping by friction, little or no pressure is exerted on the lamellae and / or the leaf material. As a result, the fibers are dissolved out of the natural structure without e.g. the fillers of the palm raceme, e.g. Parenchyma, to be pressed. Pressure on the material would cause the undifferentiated filler interposed between the fibers of the panicle to be pressed against the fiber and thereby adhere to it.

Compacted and / or pressed onto the fibers filler leads to negative effects on the material. For example, the quality of the gluing decreases. Also, the material may have an adverse swelling behavior.

Without compacted or pressed onto the fiber filler, however, a binder is added as a sponge, so that a homogeneous material is formed because the filler lays in a pressing as in the natural starting product between the fibers.

In defibering, the filler preferably dissolves from the fibers and may be e.g. be sucked off.

According to a further embodiment, the friction device comprises at least two superimposed friction devices.

The fins and / or sheets are transported in the conveying direction between the friction devices in the conveying direction. These are preferably oriented at right angles to the conveying direction.

The friction devices preferably grip the blades and / or blades from below and from above.

Preferably, the friction devices are corrugated and / or profiled. The structure of the friction device significantly improves the defibration process.

The friction devices can have the same corrugation or the same profile. Alternatively, these can also be differently grooved or profiled.

In particular, the friction devices may have the same or a different direction of rotation. In this way, the fins and / or leaves above and below, e.g. moved in the same direction.

For example, the friction devices may comprise or consist of conveyor belts, rollers and / or disks. The conveyor belts may in particular comprise chain plates. If the friction devices are designed as rollers, several rollers can also be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction.

According to a further embodiment, the distance between the friction devices decreases in the conveying direction. As a result, the space for the lamellae and / or leaves becomes increasingly narrower so that they eventually fray.

The clearance between the friction devices preferably narrows conically.

According to another embodiment, the speeds of the friction devices are different.

Preferably, the speed of the upper friction device, e.g. at least 1.1 times, 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.4 times, 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2 times, 2 , 5 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times or 10 times, greater than the speed of the lower rubbing device.

In principle, the reverse case is also conceivable that the speed of the lower friction device is greater than the speed of the upper friction device.

According to another embodiment, a sensor device, e.g. a fiber separator, provided for the analysis of the fibrillated fins, wherein the speed of at least one friction device is controllable by means of a control device based on the data determined by the sensor device.

For example, the fiber thickness and / or the degree of defibration can be measured. If the result is insufficient, the control device can control the speed of at least one friction device accordingly. The speed can be increased or decreased.

Preferably, only the speed of the upper friction device is controlled by the control device. The speed of the lower friction device can in particular correspond to the normal conveying speed and / or remain the same.

Alternatively, only the speed of the lower friction device can be controlled while the speed of the upper friction device remains the same.

Finally, the speeds of the upper and lower friction devices can also be controlled.

According to a further embodiment, a suction device is provided between the defibering device and the further processing device.

In particular, powdery material which precipitates during defibration or fiber disruption can be separated or sucked off. Due to the ingredients such as u.a. e.g. Starch, glucose, tannin and / or lignin, may be used as a raw material for material use, e.g. as bioplastics or foamed as incombustible insulating material, or used for energy. In particular, electricity and process heat can arise from biogas and / or methanol. Also, the material may be e.g. be used as feed.

According to a further embodiment, the further processing device comprises a binding device, in particular a gluing device.

In particular, glue, an aminoplast such as e.g. Phenolic resin, melamine and / or urea resin, an adhesive, a dispersion such as e.g. PVAC, PMDI, polyurethane, epoxy resin and / or cement.

According to a further embodiment, the further processing device comprises at least a pressing device. The shredded lamellae and / or leaves provided with the binder can be pressed into a material, for example into a plate or a beam.

The invention also relates to a method for processing elongated vegetable raw products, preferably from palm plants, in particular with a processing device according to the invention.

The crude products resulting from the care can be used e.g. delivered to collection points. Here a first processing of the material can take place.

Thus, e.g. the so-called Wedelhülse be capped, e.g. by means of a cross saw. The resulting dust can be sucked in particular.

The frond sleeve contains relatively little fiber material in relation to the mass and is therefore only conditionally suitable for the method according to the invention, although this is basically possible.

Preferably, however, the frond sleeve is comminuted in a hacker for wood chips and e.g. stored. This material is then used in other production areas.

The palm fronds, in particular, can be swept by brushing from gross soiling, e.g. Sand, be cleaned. Preferably, then, if necessary, a preventive spraying with a fungicide to prevent mold growth.

Optionally, depending on the requirements of the binder used or on the material, the material can be sprayed with a chemical solution which dissolves the natural wax layer on the surface of the material, ie the cuticle, in particular both the stems and the leaves. As a result, the penetration of the binder and thus the quality of the gluing are substantially improved.

In a next production step, the palm leaves, which in contrast to the panicles consist almost exclusively of stable fibers, can be mechanically separated or separated from the panicles, for example by means of a knife rotor. The resulting dust can be sucked in particular.

The sheets can then be pressed, for example in a baler to compact bales, which reduces the storage volume and simplifies storage and / or transport.

The panicles can be cut after separation in a continuous to a defined length, in particular capped. The length may in particular depend on the size of the fiberizing device. The panicles can then be bundled.

The panicles cut to the defined length can form the elongated vegetable crude products.

In the actual process, the crude products are split into elongated lamellae.

In contrast to the production of wood-based panels, the raw products are not chopped into chips and / or fine chips, but the natural fibers, e.g. The palm fronds give the enormous stability, remain as long fibers, so as to transfer the positive material properties on the material.

Before fiber pulping, the stems are longitudinally stretched e.g. pressed by a set of blades, whereby the compact stem is split into elongated slats. In this way the fibers are exposed.

Optionally, another crude vegetable product, e.g. the previously separated leaves are mixed. The admixture can be carried out in particular metered to obtain a homogeneous distribution.

The lamellae and / or leaves are then shredded. The fibers are removed from the natural structure. The pure fibers are obtained in particular without the ingredients of the panicle which have a negative effect on the end product.

The fiber pulping takes place at least essentially by friction in order, if possible, to exert no pressure on the material.

In particular, in a fiber separator, the fibers obtained can for example be sorted again and supplied for further use.

The shredded lamellae and / or leaves are then further processed into a material.

After defibering, the fibers may be further transported, for example, by a stream of air, wetted with a binder and / or dried as needed using liquid binders, for example by an infrared drying device.

Depending on the requirements of the material, various binders can be used which can harden during use by different physical and / or chemical processes.

The binder-coated fibers may be exposed, in particular under the influence of pressure and / or heat, e.g. be pressed to flat plate materials, beams and / or molded parts.

For example, after the gluing in a forming station, a fiber mat can be formed, and in this case the bulk density of the material can be defined. The fiber mat may be compacted and / or calibrated in a pre-press and a subsequent curing unit designed as a main press.

Different plate thicknesses, beam cross-sections and / or molded parts are possible.

After curing, the materials can in particular be further processed, for example by a format processing to plates and / or beams.

Finally, the invention also relates to a material obtained by the method according to the invention.

All of the embodiments and components of the device described herein are particularly adapted, e.g. by means of a control device to be operated according to the method described herein. Furthermore, all embodiments of the device described here and all embodiments of the method described here can each be combined with each other, in particular also detached from the specific embodiment, in the context of which they are mentioned.

• 1 eine schematische Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsvorrichtung,
• 2 eine Draufsicht einer Ausführungsform einer Spaltvorrichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsvorrichtung,
• 3 eine entlang der Linie A-A geschnittene Schnittansicht der Spaltvorrichtung gemäß 2,
• 4 eine Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Zerfaserungsvorrichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen Bearbeitungsvorrichtung, und
• 5 eine Draufsicht der Zerfaserungsvorrichtung nach 4.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a processing device according to the invention,
• 2 a top view of an embodiment of a splitting device of a processing device according to the invention,
• 3 a section along the line AA sectional view of the splitting device according to 2 .
• 4 a side view of an embodiment of a fiberizing device of a processing apparatus according to the invention, and
• 5 a top view of the fiberization device according to 4 ,

First, it should be noted that the illustrated embodiments are merely exemplary in nature. Thus, individual features can be realized not only in the combination shown, but also in isolation or in other technically meaningful combinations. For example, the features of one embodiment may be arbitrarily combined with features of another embodiment. It is also possible to use other raw vegetable products instead of panicles and / or leaves.

If a figure contains a reference numeral which is not explained in the directly associated descriptive text, reference is made to the corresponding preceding or following statements in the description of the figures. Thus, the same reference numerals are used for the same or comparable components in the figures and these are not explained again.

1 shows a processing device in which elongated, vegetable raw products 10 , eg panicles of palm plants, via a conveyor belt 12 trained conveying device in the conveying direction (see arrow) of a cleavage device 14 be supplied.

The sliced crude products 10 are then from another conveyor 12 deflected and are now across the conveying direction.

Through an optional admixing device 16 becomes another raw vegetable product 18 , eg leaves, mixed.

The split panicles 10 and leaves 18 get into a fiberization device 20 and are being shredded there.

Via an optional suction device 22 can be separated resulting, powdery substances.

It closes a further processing device 24 for further processing of the shredded panicles 10 and leaves 18 at.

The further processing device 24 includes a gluing device 26 trained binding device.

In a continuous prepress 28 the further processing device 24 become the glued panicles 10 and leaves 18 pressed to raw mats.

An optional diagonal saw 30 can cut the raw mats.

The raw mats can eg in a buffer 32 be cached.

In a matting device 34 the raw mats can be glued. This is followed by a metering device 36 which may include a scale.

In a main press 38 The glued raw mats are pressed. In particular, by the main press 38 defined using high pressure and / or high heat, the bulk density and / or the thickness of the material.

This is followed by a discharge belt and / or a cooling star 40 , By means of a stacking device 42 The materials can be stacked.

The stacking device 42 may in particular have a reifelager for the materials.

The materials can be unstacked, ground, sawn and / or singulated, for example.

The sawing can be done in particular by means of a multi-blade saw. Dust can be sucked out.

2 shows a detailed view of a cleavage device 14 with a knife set 44 , The knife set 44 includes a plurality of parallel to each other and / or parallel to the conveying direction oriented blades.

The crude products 10 become longitudinal through the knife set 44 pressed. These can be done by two vertically oriented bundling rollers 46 be bundled. The distance between the bundling rolls 46 and / or the degree of bundling can be adjusted, for example, hydraulically and / or pneumatically.

Two horizontally oriented rollers arranged one above the other 48 squeeze the crude products 10 finally through the knife set 44 , The lower roller 48 is in the along the line A - A cut representation according to 3 to see.

The 4 and 5 show detail views of a fiberization device 20 with two friction devices 50 ,

Optionally, an alignment device 52 be provided for parallel positioning of the supplied material.

The friction devices 50 For example, they are designed as ribbed conveyor belts. The distance between the friction devices 50 becomes ever smaller in the conveying direction. The panicles promoted transversely to the conveying direction 10 and / or leaves 18 are thus frayed by friction.

The upper friction devices 50 can rotate in particular counterclockwise while the lower friction device 50 can turn clockwise. The rotational speed of the upper friction device 50 is preferably substantially higher than the rotational speed of the lower friction device 50 ,

In one as Fasersichter 54 trained sensor device, the quality or fineness of the fibers can be tested. For example, the fibers obtained can be sorted again. Also, using the data obtained, an adaptation of the speed of at least one friction device 50 , preferably the upper friction device 50 , respectively.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Crude product, panicle

12

Conveyor belt, conveyor

14

cleaving device

16

admixing

18

further crude product, leaf

20

fiberizing

22

suction

24

Further processing device

26

Gluing device, binding device

28

pre-press

30

diagonal

32

buffer

34

Mattenbeleimungsvorrichtung

36

metering

38

Chief Press

40

cool star

42

stacking device

44

knife set

46

bundling rolls

48

roll

50

friction device

52

alignment

54

Fiber sight, sensor device

Claims (12)

Processing device for processing elongated, raw vegetable products (10), preferably from palm plants a splitting device (14) for splitting the crude products (10) into elongated lamellae, a defibering device (20) for defibering the slats, a further processing device (24) for further processing of the fibrillated fins to a material. Processing device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the splitting device (14) comprises a blade set (44) with a plurality of blades arranged in parallel and / or in the form of a grid. Processing device after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that between the splitting device (14) and the fiberizing device (20) is provided a mixing device (16) for admixing a further raw vegetable product (18), in particular leaves. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiberizing device (20) comprises a friction device. Processing device after Claim 4 , characterized in that the friction device comprises at least two superimposed friction devices (50), in particular conveyor belts, rollers and / or discs. Processing device after Claim 5 , characterized in that the distance between the friction devices (50) decreases in the conveying direction. Processing device after Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the speeds of the friction devices (50) are different. Processing device according to one of Claims 5 to 7 , characterized in that a sensor device is provided for analyzing the fibrillated fins, wherein the speed of at least one friction device (50) is controllable by means of a control device based on the data determined by the sensor device. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extraction device (22) is provided between the fiberizing device (20) and the further processing device (24). Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further processing device (24) comprises a binding device (26), in particular a gluing device. Machining device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further processing device (24) comprises at least one pressing device (28, 38). Material obtainable by a process for processing elongated vegetable raw products (10), preferably from palm plants, in particular with a processing device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the crude products (10) are split into elongated lamellae, the lamellae are frayed, and the fibrillated fins are further processed to the material.

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