DE202018103283U1 - Device for saving electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for saving electrical energy by exploiting the physical properties of capacitors and the phase shift caused by the capacitors, arranged between a current source having at least one phase and a neutral and a ground conductor and a consumer, at least having a shunt in the course of each phase of the current source, wherein each shunt is connected both at the input and output to the input of an operational amplifier, the operational amplifier comprising a differential voltage amplifier and also connected to the neutral and ground, the differential voltage amplifier being in a range between the load and the output of each shunt or phases is connected and in each connection to the phase in each case a breaker switch is arranged, wherein between breaker switch and differential voltage amplifier in each case a first static capacitor, each a Output side is connected to a second, current-controlled capacitor, and each second, current-controlled capacitor in each case has a connection to the input of a relay module, comprising a further switch and a resistor, each relay module a further connection to each phase in the range between differential voltage amplifier and the first having static capacitor, wherein the relay modules are each additionally connected on the input side and output side to the differential voltage amplifier.

Description

The invention relates to a device for saving electrical energy during the operation of electrical consumers.

Especially due to rising energy prices devices of the type mentioned are of ever growing importance.

Devices known in the art for saving electrical energy are predominantly realized by switching on and switching off individual circuits. This takes place, for example, via a wireless connection, for example a WLAN connection by means of a corresponding control device such as, in particular, a smartphone or tablet and suitably equipped, controllable via wireless connection sockets and devices with sequential shutdown of the current flow.

Also, in the prior art power supply units are known which reduce the power consumption of the power consuming device via a reduction of the mains voltage and thus save electrical energy.

Due to the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a device of the type mentioned, which consumes no energy during operation itself and by means of which the power consumption is reduced in all phases without lowering the voltage, thereby cost and easy to manufacture and has a long life.

To achieve this object, the invention proposes a device for saving electrical energy by exploiting the physical properties of capacitors and caused by the capacitors phase shift, arranged between a power source having at least one phase and a neutral conductor and a ground conductor and a consumer, at least one Shunt during each phase of the current source, each shunt is connected both the input side and the output side to the input of an operational amplifier, wherein the operational amplifier comprises a differential voltage amplifier and is also connected to the neutral conductor and the earth conductor, wherein the differential voltage amplifier in a range between consumer and Output of each shunt is connected to the one or more phases and in each connection to the phase in each case a breaker switch is arranged, wherein between breaker switch and differential voltage amplifier j In each case, a first static capacitor, which is each connected on the output side to a second, current-controlled capacitor, and each second, current-controlled capacitor in each case has a connection to the input of a relay module comprising a further switch and a resistor, wherein each relay module to another connection each phase in the region between the differential voltage amplifier and the first static capacitor, wherein the relay modules are each additionally connected on the input side and output side to the differential voltage amplifier before.

Such a device according to the invention can be used both in networks with one phase and in networks with several, in particular three phases. The device is arranged in the current flow between the power source and the power consumer and consumes no energy itself. The saving of electrical energy by the consumer takes place without lowering the voltage.

The shunts generate a differential voltage that controls the input of an operational amplifier that includes a differential voltage amplifier. In addition, relay modules are switched on or off proportional to the phase currents with the capacitors behind it at the output of the operational amplifier with differential voltage amplifier. The additional capacitor group serves to cover the permanent base load in the consumer network. As a result, the power consumption of the connected consumer is reduced.

To achieve the principle of current saving, the AC characteristics of capacitors are used for sinusoidal voltage. Each capacitor generates a current by 90 degrees when a voltage is applied. At a line frequency of 50 Hertz, this cycle repeats every 20 milliseconds. At the same time, power is fed back into the grid. These properties of a capacitor can be optimized with a consumption-dependent current control to reduce energy costs or energy consumption and the resulting energy costs. By means of the adaptive current control, which is formed from the operational amplifier with differential voltage amplifier, redundant capacitances in the power line network are avoided and power is saved.

An optimal position of the device is in the network as close as possible to the main distribution or sub-distribution, whereby the efficiency of the device is increased. In addition, ohmic losses due to long conduction paths are reduced or almost eliminated by the inventive Device is arranged as close as possible to this main distribution or sub-distribution.

In particular, it may be particularly preferred that the shunts are replaced by transducers which each generate a differential current signal.

In each case a measuring transducer is used instead of a shunt, which generates a differential current signal. The one or more operational amplifiers are used or designed in this case for a signal amplification of a current difference.

Finally, it can be particularly preferably provided that the device has a power plug on the power input side and a power outlet on the power output side.

As a result, the device for saving electrical energy in a fast and very simple manner, as a kind of intermediate plug, can be used to enable virtually any power consumers a power saving while still having unlimited function.

The power plug and the power outlet can be designed for the respective conditions, that is, when using power consumers with only one phase or with, for example, three phases.

Electronic switching power supplies in computers, televisions, battery chargers, phase control, energy saving lamps, inverters (renewable energy) can cause harmonics through their feedback behavior in the network.

Harmonics are not 120 ° offset with the sine wave in the three-phase network, but are often located between the sine wave amplitudes. This state leads to a critical addition of currents and voltages which additionally loads the 3 outer conductors and the neutral conductor. Even transient harmonics can cause serious damage and equipment and component malfunction.

Harmonic filters should be designed for 3rd order frequencies 150 Hz, 5th order 250 Hz and 7th order 350 Hz. Depending on the power and operating conditions, the filters can be designed to be active (regulated) or passive (unregulated).

The number of consumers who deliver harmonics to the grid will continue to increase in future as a result of the constant expansion of renewable energies.

An effect of the invention is shown in the figures and described below.

• 1 einen Schaltplan einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Einsparung von elektrischer Energie;
• 2 eine grafische Darstellung der Phasernverschiebung, des Spannungsverlaufes und des Stromverlaufes einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.

It shows:

• 1 a circuit diagram of an inventive device for saving electrical energy;
• 2 a graphical representation of the Phaserverschiebung, the voltage curve and the current waveform of a device according to the invention.

In 1 is a possible circuit diagram of a device according to the invention shown.

In the circuit diagram, the shunts are with the reference numerals 1 provided with the reference numeral 2 corresponding switches are designated. In addition, by the reference numeral 3 corresponding fuses and with the reference numeral 4 the integral operational amplifier with differential voltage amplifier called. The relay modules are denoted by the reference numeral 5 and the static capacitor groups by the reference numeral 6 Mistake. In addition, the dynamic capacitors, which are current-controlled, with the reference numeral 7 designated.

A device shown in the circuit diagram can be turned on in a simple manner, for example in the form of an intermediate plug in the power supply of an electrical load and thereby serves to reduce the power consumption of the consumer without this limit in its performance.

In 2 is a representation of the phase shift, the voltage waveform and the current waveform in a capacitor shown in the AC network.

The current cosine (x) precedes the voltage sine (x) by the value π: 2. That is 90 degrees of the constant frequency 2 x π = 6.28. As soon as the voltage on the X-axis has arrived at the zero point π, the current in the negative field has reached its highest amplitude. As soon as the voltage at point 2 π = zero, the current rises to its highest positive value. Thus, the charging current of the capacitor on the coordinate X between the points Π: 2 to Π increases negatively and between the points 3 Π: 2 to 2 Π positive. The voltage always carries the opposite sign of the current. In this constellation, the power consumed becomes negative, causing the capacitor to indicate power to the grid. The capacitor itself does not absorb any power from the mains. By means of this phase shift, the voltage curve and the current curve, an efficient power saving is made possible for the consumer. The power saving is the more effective, the closer the device is placed in the network on the consumer. Thus, an arrangement, in particular as close as possible to the main distribution or the sub-distribution should be carried out so that the resistance losses are minimized by long cable routes.

The invention is not limited to the embodiment, but in the context of the disclosure often variable.

All disclosed in the description and / or drawing single and combination features are considered essential to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

shunt

2

Peeler

3

fuse

4

operational amplifiers

5

relay module

6

Capacitors, static

7

Capacitors, current-controlled; dynamic

Claims (3)

Device for saving electrical energy by exploiting the physical properties of capacitors and the phase shift caused by the capacitors, arranged between a current source having at least one phase and a neutral and a ground conductor and a consumer, at least having a shunt in the course of each phase of the current source, wherein each shunt is connected both at the input and output to the input of an operational amplifier, the operational amplifier comprising a differential voltage amplifier and also connected to the neutral and ground, the differential voltage amplifier being in a range between the load and the output of each shunt or phases is connected and in each connection to the phase in each case a breaker switch is arranged, wherein between breaker switch and differential voltage amplifier in each case a first static capacitor, each a Output side is connected to a second, current-controlled capacitor, and each second, current-controlled capacitor in each case has a connection to the input of a relay module, comprising a further switch and a resistor, each relay module a further connection to each phase in the range between differential voltage amplifier and the first having static capacitor, wherein the relay modules are each additionally connected on the input side and output side to the differential voltage amplifier. Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the shunts are replaced by transducers, each generating a differential current signal. Device after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the device has a power plug on the power input side and a power outlet on the power output side.

Images