DE202018006583U1 - Agricultural spreading machine for spreading granular material - Google Patents

Abstract

Agricultural spreading machine (10) for granular material (100), with:
- A distribution system (22) which is set up to generate a plurality of individual air flows (104) loaded with granular material (100); and
- Several electrically drivable separating devices (36) which are each set up to separate the grains of the granular material (100) of an individual air flow (104),
characterized in that
the distribution system (22) comprises a plurality of nursing devices (48), each isolation device (36) being preceded by a nursing device (48), and characterized by a control device (46) which is set up to control the distribution system (22) as a function of at least one operating parameter to control the respective separating devices (36), wherein
controlling the distribution system (22) as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices (36)
- Controlling the nursing devices (48) as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the separating device (36) connected downstream of the respective nursing device (48); and or
- The individual air flows (104) loaded with granular material (100) between the nursing devices (48) and the respective separating devices (36) are controlled, in particular by means of a control valve (50) in each case;
and the at least one operating parameter of the respective
Isolation devices (36) comprises the power consumption of the respective isolation devices (36).

Description

The innovation relates to an agricultural spreading machine for granular material according to the preamble of the protection claim.

When sowing seeds by means of a precision seeder, the singling of the seeds is of particular importance, since the singling result has a direct effect on the placement of the seeds. Incorrect isolation can lead to defects in the seed placement and / or a placement of several seeds per placement point. This ultimately has a negative effect on the required amount of seed and the yield. A separation that is as error-free as possible is therefore always aimed for.

In machines of the generic type, several individual air flows loaded with granular material are first generated. This is done, for example, by means of a distributor head system, as for example in the publication DE 10 2015 121 600 A1 suggested. Alternatively, the multiple individual air flows loaded with granular material can also be generated with a distribution system designed as a nursing system.

The individual air flows loaded with granular material are usually each assigned to a separation device, by means of which the grains of the granular material of the respective individual air flow are then separated.

So that the respective separating devices always have a sufficient amount of granular material available for separation, corresponding separating devices have a buffer store in which the granular material made available by the individual air flows can be temporarily stored or temporarily stored.

It has been shown that a uniform provision of granular material for the individual separating devices has not yet been guaranteed during the spreading process, so that the buffer stores of individual separating devices can either overflow or run empty, so that the storage quality is at least temporarily significantly impaired. This can lead to a considerable loss of yield and a significant increase in the amount of seed required for sowing.

The task on which the innovation is based is thus to enable a uniform provision of granular material for the separating devices of an agricultural spreading machine during the spreading process.

The object on which the innovation is based is also achieved by an agricultural spreading machine of the type mentioned at the outset, the spreading machine according to the invention having a control device which is designed according to the characterizing features of the claim. The agricultural spreading machine is preferably designed as a seeder, in particular as a precision seeder for sowing grain. According to the innovation, the distribution system comprises a plurality of nursing devices, each isolation device being preceded by a nursing device and controlling the distribution system as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective isolation devices, controlling the nursing devices as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the isolation device downstream of the respective nursing device and / or controlling the Individual air flows loaded with granular material between the nursing devices and the respective separating devices, in particular by means of a control valve in each case. The multiple nursing devices can be structurally combined in one nursing unit. The nursing devices represent an alternative solution to a distributor head system in which granular material is metered in to several unloaded individual air flows, so that several individual air flows laden with granular material result. In particular, the nursing devices or the individual air flows loaded with granular material between the nursing devices and the respective separating devices are controlled as a function of the power consumption of the respective separating devices. The control valves are preferably each arranged between a nursing device and the isolating device assigned to the nursing device and / or designed as a 2/2-way valve. The control valves can be operated in a pulsed manner, for example.

The innovation makes use of the knowledge that by means of at least one operating parameter of a separating device, the state, in particular the filling state of the buffer store, of the separating device can be precisely recorded. The distribution system can then adapt the generation of the individual air flows loaded with granular material to the respective separating devices on the basis of the state of the respective separating devices. The amount of granular material which is provided to one or more separating devices in each case via a single air flow can thus be increased or decreased at least temporarily. Operating situation-related fluctuations in the distribution of the granular material to the separating devices of the agricultural spreading machine can be compensated for effectively and comparatively easily in this way.

The seeds are preferably cereal seeds, the granular material in this case being cereal seeds. In particular, the method also includes the acquisition of the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices. The distribution system is preferably controlled within the framework of a regulation, the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices representing the returned control variable of a corresponding regulation.

In a further embodiment of the agricultural spreading machine according to the invention, this is set up to carry out a method for spreading granular material according to one of the embodiments described below. With regard to the advantages and modifications of a corresponding agricultural spreading machine, reference is made to the advantages and modifications of the method.

A method is advantageous in which the separating devices are each set up to temporarily store a buffer quantity of granular material, the at least one operating parameter, depending on which the distribution system is controlled, relates to the currently stored buffer quantity or is dependent on the currently stored buffer quantity is. The buffer quantity of a separating device preferably rotates within a buffer gap of the corresponding separating device. An operating parameter that depends on the currently stored amount of buffer is, for example, the power consumption of the respective separating devices, provided that the currently stored amount of buffer influences the necessary drive torque of the respective separating device. As the buffer amount of granular material in the separating device decreases, the necessary drive torque and thus the power consumption of the respective separating device preferably decrease. As the buffer amount of granular material in the separating device increases, the necessary drive torque and thus the power consumption of the respective separating device preferably increase.

A method is preferred in which the distribution system is controlled as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating device in such a way that the separating devices each have a target speed and / or in such a way that the buffer quantity of granular material stored in the respective separating devices essentially corresponds. The target speed of the respective singling devices depends on the desired grain discharge frequency and the operating situation. Thus, among other things, the intended travel speed and the desired grain spacing must be taken into account when selecting the target speed at the respective singling devices. The target speed can be the same at all separating devices, for example while driving straight ahead.

Alternatively, the setpoint speeds of the respective separating devices can differ from one another, for example while cornering. During cornering, the target speed of the respective isolation devices increases from the inside to the outside, since the isolation devices on the outside of the curve move at a higher speed than the isolation devices on the inside of the curve. In order to maintain a uniform grain spacing, the speed of the separating devices must be adjusted accordingly during cornering. However, due to an uneven distribution of the granular material over the individual air flows loaded with granular material, there may be differences in the stored buffer quantity of the respective separating devices. By appropriately controlling the distribution system, these irregularities can be compensated for, so that the buffer stores of the respective separating devices always have essentially the same fill levels or at least do not run empty and / or experience overfilling.

In a further development of the method, the distribution system has a main distribution device and the generation of several individual air flows loaded with granular material comprises the division of a main air flow loaded with granular material into several individual air flows loaded with granular material by means of the main distribution device. The main distribution device is preferably designed as a distribution head. The changing of one or more individual air flows loaded with granular material can comprise changing the division ratio of the main air flow loaded with granular material to the plurality of individual air flows loaded with granular material. Furthermore, the changing of one or more individual air flows loaded with granular material can also comprise the temporary interruption of one or more individual air flows loaded with granular material.

In another preferred embodiment of the method, the main distribution device has adjustable deflection elements, the Deflection elements are each set up to partially or completely feed an individual air flow loaded with granular material back to the main air flow loaded with granular material, the control of the distribution system depending on the at least one operating parameter of the respective separation devices, the adjustment of one or more deflection elements of the distribution device depending on the at least comprises an operating parameter of the respective separating devices. Adjusting a deflecting element can include changing the orientation and / or position of the deflecting element. The deflecting elements are preferably switches, via which a part of an individual air flow loaded with granular material can be directed back into the main air flow loaded with granular material. The deflecting elements can be brought into a desired intermediate position between an open and a closed position in order to control the flow of granular material. Alternatively or additionally, the deflecting elements can be moved in a pulsed manner between a completely open and a completely closed position in order to control the flow of granular material. The return lines, which in each case feed a deflected individual air flow loaded with granular material back to the main air flow loaded with granular material, can each be connected to a bypass line. The bypass lines preferably each connect a return line of the main distribution device to a feed line, the individual air flows loaded with granular material being fed to the respective separation devices by means of the feed lines. In particular, the respective bypass lines are designed in such a way that granular material is separated from the respective individual air flow within the bypass line, so that the granular material which flows into the respective bypass lines is not made available to the respective separating devices. The granular material deposited in the respective bypass lines can collect within the bypass lines and / or be fed back to the main air flow loaded with granular material together with a residual air flow.

The at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices comprises the power consumption of the respective separating devices. The method preferably comprises the recording of the power consumption of the respective separating devices. The separating devices are preferably designed in such a way that the fill level of the respective buffer store influences the necessary drive torque of the respective separating devices. If the respective separating devices are controlled or regulated in such a way that a constant speed of a separating disc or an electromotive drive is maintained, the fill level of the buffer stores of the respective separating devices can be determined on the basis of the necessary drive torque. Since the current consumption of an electric motor drive increases with increasing drive torque and constant speed, it is also possible to derive the fill level of the buffer memory of the respective isolation devices from the current consumption of the respective isolation devices. In order to prevent overfilling or emptying of one or more buffer stores, the distribution system can then be controlled as a function of the power consumption of the respective separating devices in order to adapt the respective individual air flow.

In another embodiment of the method, the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices is determined by means of a measuring sensor system of the respective separating devices. The buffer quantity of granular material in the respective separating devices is preferably detected by the measuring sensor system. The measuring sensor system can include, for example, a piezoelectric measuring unit. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring sensor system can comprise a capacitive and / or an optical measuring unit. Alternatively or in addition, the sensor-based buffer quantity detection can be performed according to one of the in DE 10 2015 114 151 A1 proposed implementation. Sensory detection of the buffer quantity or the fill level of the buffer store can be advantageous, for example, when the power consumption of a separating device, for example due to pickling deposits or heating, no longer allows a reliable statement to be made about the buffer fill level.

Furthermore, a method is advantageous in which controlling the distribution system as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices comprises changing one or more air flows laden with granular material. Each individual air flow loaded with granular material is preferably assigned to a separating device and the one or more individual air flows loaded with granular material are changed as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respectively assigned separating device. The changing of one or more individual air flows laden with granular material can comprise the enlargement and reduction of one or more individual air flows laden with granular material. By changing an individual air flow loaded with granular material, the ratio of air and granular material in the respective individual air flow can be adapted. Furthermore, the amount of granular Material, which is transported with the single air flow, can be increased or decreased. Alternatively or additionally, the flow velocity of an individual air flow loaded with granular material can be changed. Controlling the distribution system as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating device can thus include, for example, adapting the volume and / or quantity flow of granular material from one or more individual air flows loaded with granular material.

• 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der neuerungsgemäßen landwirtschaftlichen Ausbringmaschine in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;
• 2 Teile einer neuerungsgemäßen landwirtschaftlichen Ausbringmaschine in einer schematischen Darstellung;
• 3a eine Umlenkeinheit eines Verteilersystems einer neuerungsgemäßen landwirtschaftlichen Ausbringmaschine in einem ersten Zustand;
• 3b die in der 3a dargestellte Umlenkeinheit in einem zweiten Zustand;
• 3c die in der 3a dargestellte Umlenkeinheit in einem dritten Zustand; und
• 4 Teile einer neuerungsgemäßen landwirtschaftlichen Ausbringmaschine in einer schematischen Darstellung.

Further details of the innovation can be found in the description of the figures and the drawings. Show it

• 1 an exemplary embodiment of the agricultural spreading machine according to the invention in a perspective view;
• 2 Parts of an agricultural spreading machine according to the invention in a schematic representation;
• 3a a deflection unit of a distribution system of an agricultural spreading machine according to the invention in a first state;
• 3b those in the 3a shown deflection unit in a second state;
• 3c those in the 3a Deflection unit shown in a third state; and
• 4th Parts of an agricultural spreading machine according to the invention in a schematic representation.

The 1 shows an agricultural spreading machine designed as a pneumatic seed drill 10 for spreading granular material 100 namely of cereal seeds.

The spreading machine 10 includes a frame structure 12th , on which a storage container 14th is arranged. The reservoir 14th is set up to hold the granular material to be spread 100 to stockpile. The reservoir 14th is via a metering device 16 with a delivery line 20th connected, the metered granular material 100 by means of a conveying fan 18th through the delivery line 20th towards a distribution system 22nd is transported. The dosing device 16 is set up to handle the material to be applied 100 in adjustable quantities into the pneumatically operated conveying line 20th feed, so that in the delivery line 20th one with granular material 100 loaded main air flow 102 trains. The conveyor fan 18th is driven, for example, by a hydraulic motor.

The distribution system 22nd has a main distribution device designed as a distribution head 58 on. The distribution head of the distribution system 22nd is used to divide the with granular material 100 loaded main air flow 102 in several with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 . Thus, through the distribution head of the distribution system 22nd several with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 generated.

The distribution head of the distribution system 22nd has several outlet openings which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the distributor head. Each exit port is pneumatic via a feed line 38 (in 1 not shown) with a separating device 36 (in 1 not shown) connected. The isolation devices 36 are driven by an electric motor and serve to separate the grains of the granular material 100 of the individual air currents 104 . The through a separating device 36 scattered grains of the granular material 100 a single air flow 104 are then a spreading element designed as a seed coulter 24 forwarded. The application elements 24 are on a support frame 26th attached and each set up to apply the granular material 100 to be deposited in a furrow in the field.

In the direction of travel FR in front of the application elements 24 is a roller 28 arranged, which is designed as a wedge ring roller and is set up to reconsolidate the previously worked arable soil. In the direction of travel FR behind the spreading elements 24 are depth guidance rollers 30th arranged, each with a discharge element 24 a depth control roller 30th assigned. Using the depth guide rollers 30th the placement depth of the granular material to be distributed can be adjusted. In the direction of travel FR behind the depth control rollers 30th are also harrows 32 arranged, which are set up to cover the deposited granular material with an adjustable intensity with loose earth. The harrows shown 32 are designed in tine construction, whereby roller harrows can also be used as an alternative.

In addition, the agricultural spreading machine 10 two bout markers 34a , 34b which are each set up to create a marking on the arable land. The markings indicate the adjacent lane.

The 2 shows an example of the production of a granular material 100 laden single air flow 104 by means of a main distribution device designed as a distribution head 58 a distribution system 22nd an agricultural spreading machine 10 . The main air flow loaded with granular material 102 is via the delivery line 20th to the main distribution device designed as a distribution head 58 transported. The main distribution facility 58 has a large number of deflection units 56 on which along the perimeter of the main distribution facility 58 are arranged. The ones in the deflection units 56 Introduced air currents loaded with granular material can be used as individual air currents loaded with granular material 104 via feed lines 38 one separating device each 36 are supplied or via return lines 40 into the main air flow loaded with granular material 102 in the delivery line 20th to be led back.

The grains of the granular material 100 of the individual air currents 104 are with an electrically driven separating device 36 isolated in preparation for filing.

The separation device 36 has a separating disc 54 on which about the electric motor 52 is driven in rotation. In addition, the separating device has a buffer store for granular material 100 on what granular material 100 can be temporarily stored before separation.

In some operating situations it cannot be guaranteed that the distribution system 22nd those in the main air flow 104 amount of granular material present 100 evenly on the separating devices 36 supplied individual air currents 104 is divided. In order to avoid emptying and overflowing of individual buffer tanks, the distribution system 22nd depending on the power consumption of the respective separation devices 36 by a control device 46 controlled in such a way that the in the respective separating devices 36 stocked buffer amount of granular material 100 always essentially coincides during the application process. The control is designed as a regulation.

For this purpose, the current consumption at the respective separating devices is continuously monitored 36 detected. The power consumption depends on the required drive torque of the electric motor 52 to a predetermined speed of the electric motor 52 or the singling disc 54 to be able to maintain. Because the amount of granular material stored in the buffer storage 100 the necessary drive torque for setting and maintaining a speed can be influenced on the basis of the power consumption of a separating device 36 the fill level of the buffer of the separating device 36 be determined. With decreasing buffer amount of granular material 100 in the separating device 36 the necessary drive torque and thus the power consumption of the respective separating device decreases 36 . With increasing buffer amount of granular material 100 in the separating device 36 the necessary drive torque and thus the power consumption of the respective separating device increases 36 .

Via a corresponding control of the distribution system 22nd depending on the power consumption of the respective separation devices 36 can do those with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 can be adapted as required. The adaptation can be individual, several or all individual air flows 104 include. The individual air flows can be adjusted independently of one another. As each with granular material 100 charged single air flow 104 a separating device 36 can be associated with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 depending on the current consumption of the respectively assigned separating device 36 to be changed. Altering the with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 for example, increasing or decreasing the granular material 100 within the corresponding individual air currents 104 include. This can also involve changing the split ratio from that with granular material 100 loaded main air flow 102 on the several with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 accompanied.

The control device 46 is signal-conducting with the separation devices to implement a corresponding regulation 36 and the main distribution facility 58 connected. In addition, the signal-conducting connection to the metering element 16 the total amount of granular material dosed 100 and via the signal-conducting connection to the fan 18th the flow properties of the main air flow 102 to be influenced.

The 3a to 3c show one of several deflection units 56 a main distribution facility 58 . The deflection unit 56 has an adjustable deflection element 42 on, the deflecting element 42 are set up to do this, one with granular material 100 loaded air flow partially or completely again that with granular material 100 loaded main air flow 102 to feed. Controlling the distribution system 22nd depending on the power consumption of the respective separation devices 36 takes place by adjusting the deflection elements 42 the deflection units 56 depending on the power consumption of the respective separation devices 36 . Adjusting a deflection element 42 includes changing the orientation of the baffle 42 , the deflecting element 42 Can be moved between an open and a closed position to allow the flow of granular material 100 to control.

The 3a shows a deflection unit 56 , in which the deflecting element 42 the direct connection to the feed line 38 completely locks, so no gritty material 100 the direct connection to the feed line 38 can happen. The one with the granular material 100 loaded deflected air flow is transported in the direction of the return line. Via a bypass line 44 however, part of the deflected air flow can be in the direction of the supply line 38 be redirected. Depending on the design of the bypass line 44 can be inside the bypass line 44 partial or complete deposition of granular material 100 respectively. The bypass line 44 essentially serves to transport the air away in the direction of the separating device 36 when the deflector 42 the direct connection to the feed line 38 partially or completely blocks, so that a collapse of the promotion within the delivery line 20th is avoided by the recirculated air flow.

The 3b shows a deflection unit 56 , in which the deflecting element 42 the direct connection to the feed line 38 partially blocks, leaving only a reduced amount of granular material 100 the direct connection to the feed line 38 can happen. Another part is diverted and transported in the direction of the return line.

The 3c shows a deflection unit 56 , in which the deflecting element 42 the direct connection to the feed line 38 completely releases, so the entire amount of granular material 100 the direct connection to the feed line 38 can happen. The connection to the return line 40 and the bypass line 44 is in this position completely through the deflection element 42 blocked.

The amount of the respective separation devices 36 added granular material 100 can be done by setting suitable alignments on the respective deflection elements 42 respectively. Alternatively, the deflecting elements 42 of the individual deflection units 56 can also be pulsed between a fully open and a fully closed position to control the flow of granular material.

The 4th shows a distribution system 22nd with a nursing device 48 , each separating device 36 a nursing facility 48 is upstream. Controlling the distribution system 22nd depending on the power consumption of the respective separation devices 36 This includes controlling the granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 between the nursing facilities 48 and the respective separation devices 36 . Controlling the with granular material 100 charged individual air currents 104 between the nursing facilities 48 and the respective separation devices 36 takes place by means of one control valve each 50 , the control valves 50 are designed as 2/2 way valves and are operated in pulsed mode.

List of reference symbols

10

Spreading machine

12th

Frame construction

14th

Storage container

16

Dosing device

18th

Conveyor blower

20th

Delivery line

22nd

Distribution system

24

Application elements

26th

Support frame

28

roller

30th

Depth guidance rollers

32

Harrow

34a, 34b

Bout markers

36

Separating device

38

Feed line

40

Return line

42

Deflection element

44

Bypass line

46

Control device

48

Nursing facility

50

Control valve

52

Electric motor

54

Singling disc

56

Deflection unit

58

Main distribution facility

100

granular material

102

Main air flow

104

Single air flow

FR

Direction of travel

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015121600 A1 [0003]
• DE 102015114151 A1 [0018]

Claims (1)

Agricultural spreading machine (10) for granular material (100), comprising: - a distribution system (22) which is set up to generate a plurality of individual air flows (104) loaded with granular material (100); and - a plurality of electrically drivable singling devices (36) which are each set up to isolate the grains of the granular material (100) of a single air flow (104), characterized in that the distribution system (22) comprises a plurality of nursing devices (48), each Isolation device (36) is preceded by a nursing device (48), and characterized by a control device (46) which is set up to control the distribution system (22) as a function of at least one operating parameter of the respective isolation devices (36), the control of the distribution system (22) as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the respective singling devices (36) by - controlling the nursing devices (48) as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the singling device (36) connected downstream of the respective nursing device (48); and / or - the individual air flows (104) loaded with granular material (100) between the nursing devices (48) and the respective separating devices (36) are controlled, in particular by means of a control valve (50) in each case; and the at least one operating parameter of the respective separating devices (36) comprises the power consumption of the respective separating devices (36).

Images