DE202016104770U1 - gasket - Google Patents

Abstract

Flat gasket with at least one metallic layer, wherein the metallic layer has at least one through hole and a flat element which is arranged in the through hole and connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole by means of at least two webs, characterized in that the metallic layer consists of carbon steel and the Webs between the peripheral edge and the planar element are at least partially embossed to a thickness D1, which is less than the thickness D2 of the metallic layer in the planar element and / or at the peripheral edge of the through hole.

Description

The present invention relates to a flat gasket with at least one metallic layer. Such gaskets are used in many areas, especially in internal combustion engines, for example, as cylinder head gaskets.

Such gaskets often have through openings for the passage of a fluid through the plane of the gasket. To control the passage of the fluid surface elements are often arranged in the passage opening, which often themselves have a flow opening and thus act as a throttle for the fluid passage. These flat elements are usually punched together with the position of the gasket from a metallic layer. In order to determine their position in the passage opening, the flat elements are connected to one or more webs with the rest of the layer.

In the region of the gap between the planar element and the peripheral edge of the passage opening, an elastomer is often injection-molded (for example as edge-embossed metal-elastomeric cylinder-head gasket). In order to keep the elevation by the elastomer low in the area of the webs, the webs are therefore often pressed to a smaller thickness. In this case, the desired amount of thickness reduction, for example, a reduction to less than half the sheet thickness, however, can only be achieved with steel sheets, if the webs are pressed at least over their entire length. However, this can lead to the generation of metastable states of the planar element, so that the planar element is inclined relative to the plane of the rest of the sheet metal layer.

When using an easily plastically deformable metal for the metallic layer such as aluminum, the risk of the formation of metastable states for the planar element in the through hole is low when pressing the webs. When using hard metals, such as carbon steel, however, the formation of metastable states can not be avoided so far.

Based on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a flat gasket with a metallic layer as described above, which avoids the formation of metastable states in the production of the metallic layer even when using hard metals for the metallic layer. Furthermore, it is an object to provide a manufacturing method of the flat gasket according to the invention, which is simple and inexpensive.

This object is achieved by the flat gasket according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the flat gasket according to the invention are given in the associated dependent claims. The present invention further provides a corresponding cylinder head gasket.

The flat gasket according to the invention has at least one metallic layer. This is made of a hard metal like carbon steel. The flat gasket has at least one passage opening, for example a passage opening for oil or water or other fluids. In this passage opening, a planar element is arranged, which serves as a throttle for the passage of the fluid through the passage opening; For this reason, the planar element usually has a flow opening. The sheet-like element is made directly from the metallic layer and remains connected to this via at least two webs. The number of webs can vary, so are two, three, four, five, six or more webs possible. The shape of the planar element may be arbitrary (a free form), in particular circular shapes, ovals, ellipses, polygons, in particular triangles or squares or pentagons are possible.

The planar element is held by the at least two webs within the passage opening in its position. In particular, it must be avoided that the planar element assumes a metastable state in which the planar element protrudes by> 50 μm beyond the surface of the corresponding metallic layer.

The flat gasket is now according to the invention characterized in that the metallic layer of a hard metal, in particular carbon steel, consists and the webs are embossed in a defined manner. In particular, the webs between the peripheral edge of the through hole and the sheet-like element, d. H. between the points of attachment of the web to the outer metallic layer and the planar element, at least partially embossed to a thickness D1, which is less than the thickness D2 of the metallic layer in the areas adjacent to the respective embossed web, in particular to the initial thickness of the metallic Situation before the embossing.

As carbon steel, for example, DC01 may after EN 10130 but in particular a cold strengthened carbon steel, for example DC01C390, DC01C490, DC010590, DC010690 are used for the metallic layer. The carbon steel may have a surface coating, such as a galvanizing.

The embossing of the webs creates a widened area in which the thickness of the web is reduced. Thus, it is possible to arrange an elastomeric sealing element above and / or below the web and in the adjoining gap between the planar element and the peripheral edge of the passage opening, for example, to inject an elastomeric sealant, without the metallic layer is too excessive.

The formation of metastable states in the flat gasket according to the invention is particularly effectively avoided in that the webs are arranged so that the forces occurring during their embossing cancel each other out. Furthermore, the formation of metastable states in the flat gasket according to the invention can be avoided by not embossing the webs over their entire length. If these two parameters are optimally selected, it is possible that the thickness D1 of the web in the embossed region is ≦ 0.4, advantageously ≦ 0.3 of the thickness D2 in adjacent unembossed regions or the metallic layer before embossing, without it comes to metastable states of the planar element. The degree of compression is thus advantageously 60%, advantageously ≥ 70%. Advantageously, the web is embossed in such a way that the length B of the embossed region and the width A of the web outside the embossed region fulfill the following equation:
B ≤ 4 A, advantageously B ≤ 3 A.

Outside the web width A, however, the material of the web laterally displaced by embossing can extend over a greater length E (E ≥ B).

For the length B of the embossed region, it is advantageous if it is less than or equal to the distance C from the peripheral edge of the passage opening and the outer edge of the planar element away from the web region or over the circumference of the planar element average average distance C of the outer edge of the planar element from the peripheral edge of the through-hole, advantageously when ≦ 0.85 of the distance C is. The embossed region is advantageously with respect to its length B ≦ 0.8 L, advantageously ≦ 0.7 L, advantageously ≦ 0.6 L, where L is the total length of the web. It is particularly advantageous if the web ends at the peripheral edge and / or at the outer edge of the planar element in the peripheral edge or in the planar element in a region in which the edge of the passage opening or the edge of the planar element have a concave recess. In this case, the length of the web is greater than the distance of the peripheral edge of the through hole from the outer edge of the sheet member outside the concave recess. In other words, the gap between the peripheral edge of the passage opening and the planar element in the region of the attachment points of the web to the peripheral edge of the passage opening and / or the outer edge of the planar element is increased, whereby the web can have a greater length.

In particularly advantageous embodiments, the planar element with more than two webs, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 webs connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole. The webs are designed such that the sum of the forces exerted by the pressed webs on the planar element in the plane of the planar element is substantially zero. This can apply to all of the webs of a planar element as well as to individual groups of the webs of the sheet-like element.

In order to determine these forces, for each of the webs on each of the two-dimensional elements of the flat gasket, starting from the sectionally embossed web, the initial dimension of the web is first reconstructed prior to the embossing of the central region. Subsequently, such an unembossed flat gasket, for example by means of laser cutting, produced. The free forces on the planar element are essentially 0 if the displacement of the planar element is <0.5 mm. This can be determined by the insulted by the embossing of the webs change in the distances between the outer edge of the through hole and planar element. become.

Thus, it is for example possible to connect a planar element with, for example, 5 webs with the peripheral edge of the through hole, the free forces of two webs cancel each other and cancel the free forces of the three remaining webs also mutually. Overall, it is advantageous if the free forces of the webs on the planar element cancel each other out such that the planar element is not displaced by the pressing of the webs or moved by more than 500 microns, advantageously by at most 200 microns in the layer plane.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is when all n webs are arranged along the peripheral edge of the through hole so that between two adjacent webs a minimum distance of 0.6 · L / n, preferably 0.75 · L / n with L the Peripheral edge of the passage opening and n of the number of webs at this passage opening results. If it is a circular passage opening, the minimum distances are therefore 0.6 × 360 ° / n, preferably 0.75 × 360 ° / n. If the webs continue to have the same shape (length, width, compression, etc.), then the free forces exerted by the webs on the planar element cancel out as far as possible or even completely.

In the following, some examples of flat gaskets and manufacturing methods according to the invention are given. The same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or similar elements. In figures in which similar or identical elements occur several times, these are distinguished from one another by additional lowercase letters or indices. In figures where the same or similar elements appear only once, the addition of these lowercase letters or indices has been omitted.

In the following examples, a plurality of optional features are described in combination with each other in the form of an embodiment. These individual optional design options can also be used individually for the embodiment of the present invention or also in any desired combinations with one another, even over the individual exemplary embodiments.

Show it

1 a section of a cylinder head gasket according to the invention and

2 to 8th individual, independently realizable embodiments of through holes in this cylinder head gasket.

1 shows a plan view of a section of a cylinder head gasket 1 ,

This cylinder head gasket 1 has a metallic layer in which two combustion chambers 2a and 2 B are arranged. These are with sealing structures 5a . 5b For example, dense beads or the like, provided at its peripheral edge.

The cylinder head gasket 1 shows in 1 a metallic layer 4 made of cold consolidated carbon steel. The metallic position of the cylinder head gasket 1 has screw holes 3a - 3y on. Furthermore, this passage openings 11a - 11d on which serve the passage of engine oil.

Furthermore, the metallic layer of the cylinder head gasket 1 Through openings 10a - 10f on, which are each designed according to the invention in various ways.

The passage openings 10a - 10f have a peripheral edge 12a - 12f on. In the passages 10a - 10f are flat elements 13a - 13f arranged the flat elements 13a - 13d have the shape of plates. The surfaces of the flat elements 13a - 13f are - even if neglected by the flow openings 16a - 16j released areas - smaller than the areas of the passage openings 10a - 10f , so the flat elements 13a - 13f from the peripheral edge 12a - 12f the passage openings 10a - 10f through a gap 15a - 15f between the peripheral edge 12a - 12f and the outer edge 14a - 14f of the planar element 13a - 13f are spaced.

In the flat elements 13a - 13f is in each case a further passage opening 16a - 16f arranged, constantly for the passage of the fluid through the cylinder head gasket 1 remains free. The flat elements 13a - 13f thus serve as a throttle for the passage of the fluid through the metallic layer of the cylinder head gasket 1 ,

The flat elements 13a - 13f are with the rest of the metallic layer by means of webs 20 connected. In 1 The plurality of webs are each provided with lowercase letters and a different number of strokes as indices to them the respective through holes 10a - 10f to assign and to distinguish. The execution of the individual passage openings 10a - 10f will be in the following 2 - 7 for each of the passage openings 10a - 10f described.

2 shows the configuration of the passage opening 10d in 1 , in which case the addition of lower case letters as a distinguishing feature has now been dispensed with.

2A shows the design of the seal 1 in the area of the passage opening 10d before the injection of an elastomer as a sealing structure 17 ,

The flat element 13 is at opposite places with bars 20 . 20 * with the peripheral edge 12 the passage opening 10 connected and so fixed in position. The bridges 20 and 20 * lie opposite each other and are of the same design, so that the of the webs 20 and 20 * on the flat element 13 exerted forces and no free forces remain between them. The jetty 20 goes into the planar element 13 and in the rest of the metallic layer of the cylinder head gasket 1 in widened areas 22 . 22 ' above. These widened areas 22 . 22 ' are each adjacent concave recesses 19 . 19 ' respectively. 19 '' . 19 ''' arranged. Through these concave recesses, the length of the bridge 20 be enlarged.

In another way of looking at the recesses 19 . 19 ' . 19 '' to 19 ''' each as a concave recess in the peripheral edge 12 or in the outer edge 14 be considered, in which the bridge widens broadened.

The jetty 20 is in its middle area 21a compressed to a thickness ≤ 0.4 of the initial thickness.

In symmetrical way is the bridge 20 * trained, with widened areas 22 * . 22 ** in the outer edge 14 or the peripheral edge 12 empties. The widened area 21 * is in the same way by embossing the web 20 * widened.

2 B shows the same passage opening 10 but now with an annular sealing structure 17 , This is done by molding an elastomer on the peripheral edge 12 and the outer edge 14 generated, so that this the entire gap 10 covers. The passage of the fluid is through the flow opening 16 in the planar element 13 ,

3 shows the dimension of a bridge 20 and the terms used therefor, which were also used in the claims. The jetty 20 has a width A in the non-embossed areas.

The length of the web L is defined by the maximum distance between the peripheral edge 12 and the outer edge 14 Are defined. This maximum distance results from the distance of the peripheral edge 12 from the outer edge 14 at the point adjacent to the dock 20 where they are farthest from each other, especially in concave recesses 19 . 19 ' . 19 '' and 19 ''' , The width C of the gap between the peripheral edge 12 and the outer edge 14 outside of these concave recesses 19 . 19 ' . 19 '' . 19 ''' is 3 also marked.

The length of the embossed area is indicated by B. The plastically deformed and overflowing material extends outside of the web 20 on both sides of the unembossed area of the bridge 20 with a length E.

4 shows a cross section through the web 20 corresponding 2A and 2 B in the 4A and 4B , The jetty 20 has lateral unembossed areas 22 . 22 ' on, which have a thickness D2. In the in the 4A and 4B illustrated cross-section along the neutral fiber of the web 20 are the areas 22 and 22 ' not shown in full length. These are schematic representations to demonstrate the dimensions.

In the mischief area 21 indicates the footbridge 20 a thickness D1.

4A shows a web without elastomeric gating according to the web in 2A , 4B shows a footbridge 20 according to the one in 2 B with elastomeric gating 17 , By embossing the bridge 20 in the area 21 Is it possible to use the elastomeric gating? 17 above and below the bridge along the gap 15 run without the cylinder head gasket 1 or to significantly increase their metallic position. This in 4B illustrated elastomeric material 17 is displaced when pressing the cylinder head gasket according to the invention to both sides, so that in the compressed state, the position of the cylinder head gasket 1 no more elevations.

Here as in all other flat gaskets according to the invention, one or more further metallic layers can generally be arranged on one or both sides of the described metallic layer. These may be formed, for example, as functional layers such as sealing layers or the like. Advantageously, such further metallic layers are designed so that they are gating 17 do not cover.

5 shows the passage opening 10c out 1 , where in 5 the lower case index was omitted. In this passage opening 10 is the plate 13 over three bridges 20 . 20 ' and 20 '' with the peripheral edge 12 connected. The bridges 20 . 20 ' and 20 '' are formed like the webs in 2 and 3 , Furthermore, they are each around 120 ° offset from each other and arranged equidistant from each other. Since the webs and their embossing is the same design, these webs exercise equal forces along the lines 25 . 25 ' . 25 '' all of which are in focus 26 of the plate 13 cancel each other out, so that no more free powers act. Here, as in the following ports, the center of gravity is always to be understood as ignoring the flow port.

6 shows the passage opening 10b out 1 , again with the lowercase index in 6 was omitted. The dish 13 is in the through hole 10 over a total of 5 bars 20 - 20 '''' at the peripheral edge 12 attached. The bridges 20 . 20 ' and 20 '' are each formed identically. Also the bars 20 ''' and 20 '''' are identical to each other. The bridges 20 . 20 ' and 20 '' are like the footbridges in 5 arranged so that they are along the lines 25 . 25 ' and 25 '' exerted forces in the point 26 to cut. The bridges 20 ''' and 20 '''' are formed in a symmetrical manner, but they are not radial but along a common axis 25 ''' . 25 '''' run. Put them on the plate 13 exerted forces lift in the point 26 ' each other up.

7 shows in supervision the passage opening 10f out 1 but the lower case index has been omitted.

The flat element 13 is in 7 over six bridges 20 - 20 with the peripheral edge 12 connected and stored on this. The bridges 20 . 20 '' . 20 ''' and 20 are not radial to the centroid 26 oriented, but refer to the points in their longitudinal orientation 26 ' and 26 '' , The bridges 20 ' and 20 '''' are radially along the straight lines merging into each other 25 ' and 25 '''' oriented and are the center of the longitudinal axis of the opening 10 arranged. The forces passing through the bars 20 - 20 on the plate 13 be exercised in the point 26 each other up.

8th shows the passage opening 10e out 1 , again in 8th the insertion of the lower case index "e" was omitted.

The bridges 20 . 20 ' . 20 ''' and 20 are in the same way as the bars 20 . 20 '' . 20 ''' and 20 in 7 arranged. Your on the flat element 13 exerted forces lift in the point 26 each other up. A second group of jetties 20 '' and 20 '''' correspond to the webs 20 ' and 20 '''' in 7 , but are different from 7 not centered along the longitudinal axis of the opening 10 arranged but shifted to this center, which is the point 26 equivalent. The bridges 20 '' and 20 '''' are arranged radially and the same shape, so that they are along the lines 25 '' and 25 ''' on the flat element 13 exerted forces in the point 26 ' cancel each other out so that no free forces remain.

The distances between the closest webs are in 8th indicated by double arrows and letters A to F. At a total circumference of the flat element of 44.4 cm (measured along the edge 14 , along the arrows and from arrowhead to arrowhead over the webs) arise due to the fairly even distribution of the webs 20 - 20 ''''' Distances A and E of 7.2 cm, distances B u. D of 5.1 cm and distances C and F of 6.9 cm. The lengths are thus significantly more than 4.44 cm, which would correspond to 0.6 · L / n.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• EN 10130 [0010]

Claims (16)

Flat gasket with at least one metallic layer, wherein the metallic layer has at least one through hole and a flat element which is arranged in the through hole and connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole by means of at least two webs, characterized in that the metallic layer consists of carbon steel and the Webs between the peripheral edge and the sheet-like element are at least partially embossed to a thickness D ₁ , which is less than the thickness D _{2 of} the metallic layer in the planar element and / or at the peripheral edge of the through hole. Flat gasket according to the preceding claim, characterized in that for one, several or all of the webs of the peripheral edge of the through hole and / or the outer edge of the sheet member at the junction with the web has a concave recess into which the web extends. Flat seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness D ₁ ≤ D ₂ 0.4, advantageously ≤ D ₁ D 0.3. ₂ Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the length B of the embossed region, in particular of the region embossed by more than 20% in the width, in the longitudinal direction of the web and the width A of the web outside the embossed region or before embossing B ≤ 4 A, advantageously B ≤ 3 A. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the length B of the embossed region, in particular of the area embossed by more than 20% in the width, in the longitudinal direction of the web and the average distance C of the outer edge of the planar element of the peripheral edge Through hole applies: B ≤ C, advantageously B ≤ 0.85 C. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the length B of the embossed region, in particular of the region embossed by more than 20% in the width, in the longitudinal direction of the web and the length L of the web: B ≤ 0.8 L , advantageously B ≦ 0.7 L, advantageously B ≦ 0.6 L. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the length L of the web and the average distance C of the outer edge of the planar element from the peripheral edge of the through-opening, L ≥ C. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the width A of the web outside the embossed region or before the embossing and the thickness D _{2 of} the metallic layer in the planar element and / or at the peripheral edge of the through-opening applies: A ≤ 1.1 D ₂ , advantageously A ≤ D ₂ . Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planar element with n webs, where n ≥ 2, preferably two, three, four, five or six, is connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole, wherein the webs are configured such that the sum of the free forces exerted by the pressed webs on the planar element in the plane of the planar element is essentially zero. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planar element with n webs, where n ≥ 2, preferably two, three, four, five or six, is connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole, wherein the webs are configured such that the free forces exerted by the pressed webs on the planar element in the plane of the planar element do not shift the position of the planar element relative to the peripheral edge of the passage opening or to shift the position of the planar element relative to the peripheral edge of the passage opening by at most 500 μm , advantageously at most 200 microns lead. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planar element with n webs, where n ≥ 2, preferably two, three, four, five or six, is connected to the peripheral edge of the through hole, in particular such that each web to its adjacent lands at least by 0.6 · L / n, preferably 0.75 · L / n along the peripheral edge of the through hole is offset, wherein L is the length of the peripheral edge of the through hole. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbon steel is a cold-formed carbon steel. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat element has at least one flow opening, wherein the at least one flow opening is a flow opening for coolant or a flow opening for oil. Flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged on the outer edge of the webs, and / or the outer edge of the sheet-like element and / or the peripheral edge of the through hole partially or completely an elastomer, in particular a sealing lip, in particular molded. Flat gasket according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the free space between the webs, the sheet-like element and the peripheral edge of the passage opening is partially or completely closed with the elastomer. Cylinder head gasket, characterized in that it is designed as a flat gasket according to one of the preceding claims.

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