DE202016003756U1 - Photovoltaic module with heat exchanger for solar radiation and air-heat - Google Patents

Abstract

Combined photovoltaic thermal module (1), consisting of a photovoltaic module (2), which is provided on the side facing away from the sun with a heat transfer structure, which is flowed through by a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium, characterized in that the heat transfer structure (5) is in part in thermally conductive contact with the photovoltaic module, and passes to another part without direct contact with the photovoltaic module as a heat exchanger between the air and the heat transfer medium through the ambient air.

Description

The invention relates to combined photovoltaic thermal modules ("PVT modules") for combined solar power and heat generation, in particular for the provision of low-temperature heat for heat pumps z. B. for the production of hot water and heating and cooling the building.

On the market a variety of PVT modules is known, see, for. B. M. Adam, HP Wirth, R. Radasavljevic: Collaborative Project: Standardization and Standardization of PVT Multi-functional Solar Panels (PVT standard), final report of a BMWi-funded project of the University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, 2014 ]. Typically, the goal of combining PV modules with solar thermal collectors is to increase surface area efficiency and generate both electricity and usable heat. The side facing away from the sun, is usually provided with a heat transfer structure, which is traversed by a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium, and thus makes the non-converted into electrical energy part of the absorbed solar radiation in the form of heat available. PVT modules in which directly usable heat is to be generated, at least on the side facing away from the sun on a thermal insulation to the environment. There is also the design in which the side facing the sun is covered with a transparent insulation, in particular a glass pane separated from the PV module by an air layer. The disadvantage of such systems is that the module temperatures increase compared to a conventional PV module and thus the current yield decreases.

Another application of PVT modules is the combination with a low-temperature storage or the low-temperature heat source of a heat pump: here, no elevated temperatures are required so that the modules do not need to be insulated. PVT modules are in this combination z. B. used to "regenerate" geothermal probes of heat pumps in the summer. It is also the direct combination of PVT modules with heat pumps - without ground probes - known: www.triplesolar.com/products/how-does-it-work/?lang=en , Such a combination has been described, inter alia, in [ Luck, C .; Faßnacht, T .; Leibfried, U .: Simulation study on the integration of PV modules and PVT collectors into a solar heat pump system. 24th OTTI Symposium Solar Thermal Energy, 07.-09. May 2014, Bad-Staffelstein ] examined. The investigations show that PVT modules, which are to serve as the sole heat source of heat pumps, must heat the heat transfer medium not only via solar radiation, but also via heat extraction from the ambient air for efficient operation. For this purpose, conventional PVT modules with a heat transfer coefficient to the environment of typically 7-14 W / m ² K are not well suited. The test results show that a heat transfer coefficient of 40 W / m ² K or more is needed.

• – Ein Absorberblech aus Aluminium oder Kupfer ist mit einem aufgeschweißten Rohrregister versehen. Das Absorberblech ist auf der Rückseite eines PV-Moduls auflaminiert, siehe z. B. www.solimpeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/pvt_presentation_en.pdf .
• – Ein Aluminium-Strangpressprofil mit integrierten Kanälen für das Wärmeträgermedium ist auf der Rückseite des PV-Moduls auflaminiert., siehe z. B. www.triplesolar.com
• – Auf der Rückseite des PV-Moduls ist ein vom Wärmeträger durchströmtes, aus zwei miteinander verbundenen Blechen erzeugtes Absorberkissen auflaminiert, siehe z. B. https://dualsun.fr/en/product/2-in-1-solar (Edelstahlkissen) oder http://www.sunergsolar.com/allegati_prod_dw/Data%20sheet%20TESP%20XP60-156%20l+%20rev.15%2002_03_AP.pdf (Aluminium-Rollbond-Technologie)
• – Auf der Rückseite des PV-Moduls ist ein tiefgezogenes Aluminiumblech mit einem entsprechend geformtem Kanal für ein Aluminiumrohr für das Wärmeträgermedium angebracht. Der gute Kontakt zum PV-Modul wird durch Unterdruck, der auch im Betrieb aufrecht gehalten werden muss, erreicht [ Produktinfo der Meyer Burger AG, CH-3645 Gwatt: Hybrid, Stand 08-2014 ].
• – Auf der Rückseite des PV-Moduls ist ein Kunststoff-Wärmetauscher – z. B. Kapillarröhrchen – entweder aufgeklebt oder mechanisch durch die rückseitige Wärmedämmung aufgepresst.
• – Zur Erwärmung von Luft sind verschiedene Systeme bekannt, bei denen Luft mit einem Ventilator auf der Rückseite der Module vorbei geblasen wird, siehe z. B. www.systovi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/brochure_r-volt_ENG.pdf

For the construction of PVT modules without rear insulation, the following arrangements are known:

• - An absorber sheet made of aluminum or copper is provided with a welded-on pipe register. The absorber sheet is laminated on the back of a PV module, see eg. B. www.solimpeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/pvt_presentation_en.pdf ,
• - An extruded aluminum profile with integrated channels for the heat transfer medium is laminated on the back of the PV module., See eg. B. www.triplesolar.com
• - On the back of the PV module, a heat exchanger flows through, produced from two interconnected sheets absorber pad is laminated, see, for. B. https://dualsun.fr/en/product/2-in-1-solar (Stainless steel pillow) or http://www.sunergsolar.com/allegati_prod_dw/Data%20sheet%20TESP%20XP60-156%20l+%20rev.15%2002_03_AP.pdf (Aluminum rollbond technology)
• - On the back of the PV module is a deep-drawn aluminum sheet with a correspondingly shaped channel for an aluminum tube for the heat transfer medium attached. The good contact with the PV module is achieved by negative pressure, which also has to be maintained during operation [ Product information of Meyer Burger AG, CH-3645 Gwatt: Hybrid, Stand 08-2014 ].
• - On the back of the PV module is a plastic heat exchanger - z. B. capillary tube - either glued or pressed mechanically through the rear thermal insulation.
• - For air heating various systems are known in which air is blown with a fan on the back of the modules over, see, for. B. www.systovi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/brochure_r-volt_ENG.pdf

Object of this invention is to enable a PVT module, which has a high heat transfer coefficient to the air and is inexpensive to manufacture and assembly and safe and durable in operation. Furthermore, the possibility should be given to switch the heat transfer of the heat transfer medium to the air: z. B. the heat transfer medium colder than the ambient temperature, then the heat transfer to the air should be large. If the medium and the PVT module have a higher temperature than the ambient air, then it should be possible to reduce the heat transfer to the air. The system should - apart from hydraulic components - passively, ie, z. B. be operated without fan to improve the heat transfer to the air.

The above-described known structures of PVT modules do not meet these requirements. In order to achieve an increased heat transfer coefficient to the air - without active measure for forced convection - an enlarged surface to the air is necessary. This is the type with extruded aluminum profile on the back ( www.triplesolar.com ) reached.

However, this module is relatively expensive to manufacture, since the connection of the channel structure with header pipes either by connectors (with the risk of leakage, inter alia, by assembly errors) or by a welded joint is necessary.

In addition, aluminum components in the heat transfer medium circuit limit the application: The use of copper components is common in heating and solar technology. If copper chips fall into the liquid circuit during processing of these components and are flushed to the aluminum heat exchanger of the PVT module, corrosion can be triggered there.

If aluminum-copper sheets with welded-on copper piping are used instead of the heat exchanger structure, the disadvantage is the high costs.

Another problem with PVT modules is the differential thermal expansion of the laminated heat sink on the back of the PV module and the glass plate of the module.

The problem is solved with the features of claim 1 or claim 2 or a combination of both. According to claim 4, the invention preferably provides for the use of plastic capillary tube mats through which the heat transfer medium circuit flows. Capillary tube mats z. B. of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) are corrosion-free and well suited in terms of possible in uninsulated PVT collectors maximum temperatures. They are processed into mats in a rational industrial process with plastic header pipes, and there are proven and cost-effective connection systems for the connected piping, eg. B. connectors.

Since plastics have a far greater thermal expansion than the glass of PV modules or as aluminum, a connection via adhesive is excluded, since this ensures no long-term stable connection over the entire service life of over 20 years. In order nevertheless to enable a very good thermal contact and a rational production, the capillary tubes according to the invention are clipped into corresponding grooves of a profiled plate located on the underside of the PV module. The clipping of plastics z. B. in aluminum profiles is a well-known from the window industry rationally feasible process, see, for. B. www.solarlux.de/de/solarlux/unternehmen.cfm ,

The plate can be realized as provided with corresponding grooves glass plate. In terms of manufacturing technology, however, no undercut is possible here, so that the capillary tubes have to be mechanically secured to remain in the grooves. For this purpose, for. B. plastic profiles that extend across the pressed into the grooves capillary tubes and are engaged on the right and left in the context of the PVT module. Alternatively, the use of a suitable shaping by z. B. trapezoidal stiffened sheet possible, which is pressed onto the back of the PVT module and thus simultaneously increases the heat transfer surface to the air.

The advantage of using a profiled glass plate is that no stresses due to uneven thermal expansions are transmitted to the PV cells.

Instead of glass, a profiled aluminum profile can also be used. This allows on the one hand a groove or channel with undercut, so that the capillary tubes are mechanically well held, on the other hand can be increased by molded ribs, the surface to the air. Since the aluminum profile does not itself contain the channels for the heat transfer medium, it can be realized in sections. In this way, the stresses that occur due to different thermal expansion coefficients of glass and aluminum can be minimized.

The aluminum profile can be manufactured as an extruded profile. Since it is difficult in this manufacturing process to realize the small wall thicknesses in the range of 0.2-0.3 mm, which are sufficient because of the short heat conduction paths, the profile can alternatively be produced from a thin sheet in the roll forming process.

The ribs adjacent to or above the grooves may diverge with respect to the grooves to form conical regions that facilitate insertion and clipping of the tubes in the manufacturing process.

In addition, the enlargement of the surface can be achieved inexpensively by the capillary tubes themselves: A portion of the capillary tubes located in the grooves of the profiled plate, a portion of the tubes runs freely in the air at a distance from the PV module. This design can be combined with surface-enlarged ribs on the aluminum profile or even without these ribs can be realized. For the usual rooftop mounting of PVT modules on pitched roofs, it is advantageous that the air passing through the part of the capillary tube runs on the back of the module with a typical distance of a few centimeters to the PV module. It is beneficial if the capillary tubes do not protrude deeper down than the PVT module bounding frame to be protected during assembly.

In principle, the running through the air capillary tubes can also be arranged differently, for. In the same plane as the PV module in the planar extension of the tubes mounted under the module. However, this has an increased space requirement. In PVT modules mounted on a flat roof, the airborne portion of the capillary tubes may be located obliquely rearward downwardly away from the module without increased space requirements, thereby providing better heat exchange with air and also with rainwater. U. a. In snowy areas or other conditions requiring protection from the weather or the sun, it may be more appropriate to guide the capillary tubes diagonally down towards the PVT module so as not to expose them to any snow load.

The plastic used for the capillary tubes must, in particular, be UV-stable if the tubes are not arranged behind the PV module in a light-protected manner.

• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte, die mit dem PVT-Modul verbunden wird, besteht aus je einem Sammlerrohr oben und unten, zwischen denen die Röhrchen verlaufen. Ein Teil der Röhrchen befindet sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, ein Teil der Röhrchen verläuft in einem Abstand von dem PV-Modul frei in der Luft; die Röhrchen werden parallel durchströmt. Vorzugsweise verläuft immer abwechselnd ein Röhrchen in der Nut/Rinne und das daneben liegende Röhrchen durch die Luft. Diese Variante gemäß Anspruch 5 ist in keiner Figur dargestellt.
• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte besteht ebenfalls aus zwei Sammlerrohren, zwischen denen die Röhrchen verlaufen. Die ungefähr halbe Länge der Röhrchen befindet sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, so dass die komplette Fläche des Moduls mit Röhrchen belegt ist. Auf der dem Sammlerrohr gegenüberliegenden Seite beschreiben die Kapillarröhrchen einen U-Bogen und verlaufen in einem Abstand vom PV-Modul durch die Luft wieder zurück zu dem ersten Sammlerrohr. Diese Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass der minimale Abstand, mit denen die Röhrchen am Sammlerrohr nebeneinander angebracht werden können, sowohl für die Wärmeaufnahme am Modul als auch für die Wärmeaufnahme aus der Luft genutzt werden kann. Zudem wirkt sich die größere Länge der Kapillarröhrchen nur gering auf die Herstellkosten der Kapillarrohrmatte aus (in erster Linie Materialkosten, keine erhöhten Prozesskosten). Wird zunächst der durch die Luft verlaufende Teil der Röhrchen durchströmt, so kann dort das Wärmeträgerfluid, wenn es kälter als Luft ist, bereits erwärmt werden um anschließend am Modul dank vom Modul absorbierter Solarstrahlung weiter erwärmt zu werden. Weiterhin bieten die beiden nebeneinander sich befindenden Sammlerrohre einen Montagevorteil.
• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte, besteht aus einem Sammlerrohr auf der einen Seite und zwei Sammlerohren auf der anderen. Von dem alleinigen Sammlerrohr auf der einen Seite verlaufen die Kapillarröhrchen parallel, ein Teil zu dem einen Sammler und ein Teil zu dem zweiten Sammler. Die Röhrchen, die direkt bei dem PV-Modul angeordnet sind, befinden sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, der andere Teil der Röhrchen verläuft in einem Abstand von dem PV-Modul frei in der Luft. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, dass mithilfe eines Umschaltventils oder z. B. zweier Pumpen unterschiedliche Durchströmungen realisiert werden können. So kann beispielsweise wahlweise das Wärmeträgermedium zuerst durch die in der Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen strömen (Mediumstemperatur < Umgebungslufttemperatur) bevor es durch die in Kontakt mit dem Modul stehenden Röhrchen strömt, oder es kann nur durch letztgenannte Röhrchen strömen, wodurch der Wärmeaustausch zur Luft reduziert wird (Mediums- und PVT-Modultemperatur > Umgebungslufttemperatur). Darüber hinaus kann die PV-Modultemperatur begrenzt werden, also Umschaltung auf vollständige Durchströmung inkl. Luftbereich ab einer PVT-Modultemperatur > Grenzwert. Eine andere denkbare Verschaltung ist, dass nur die durch die Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen durchströmt werden, wenn z. B. nachts die Module sich unter Umgebungstemperatur abkühlen. Diese Verschaltung ist auch interessant, wenn die PVT-Module in Kombination einer Wärmepumpe z. B. im Sommer zur Gebäudekühlung eingesetzt werden. Die von der Wärmepumpe durch die Gebäudekühlung produzierte Abwärme kann dann über die durch die Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen abgegeben werden auch wenn die PVT-Module selbst warmer sind als die Temperatur des Wärmeträgermediums. Das Umschaltventils kann für das gesamte PVT-Kollektorfeld wirken, so dass der Aufwand für diese Art der Umschaltung sehr begrenzt ist.

• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte, die mit dem PVT-Modul verbunden wird, besteht aus je einem Sammlerrohr oben und unten, zwischen denen die Röhrchen verlaufen. Ein Teil der Röhrchen befindet sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, ein Teil der Röhrchen verläuft in einem Abstand von dem PV-Modul frei in der Luft; die Röhrchen werden parallel durchströmt. Vorzugsweise verläuft immer abwechselnd ein Röhrchen in der Nut/Rinne und das daneben liegende Röhrchen durch die Luft. Diese Variante gemäß Anspruch 5 ist in keiner Figur dargestellt.
• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte besteht ebenfalls aus zwei Sammlerrohren, zwischen denen die Röhrchen verlaufen. Die ungefähr halbe Länge der Röhrchen befindet sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, so dass die komplette Fläche des Moduls mit Röhrchen belegt ist. Auf der dem Sammlerrohr gegenüberliegenden Seite beschreiben die Kapillarröhrchen einen U-Bogen und verlaufen in einem Abstand vom PV-Modul durch die Luft wieder zurück zu dem ersten Sammlerrohr. Diese Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass der minimale Abstand, mit denen die Röhrchen am Sammlerrohr nebeneinander angebracht werden können, sowohl für die Wärmeaufnahme am Modul als auch für die Wärmeaufnahme aus der Luft genutzt werden kann. Zudem wirkt sich die größere Länge der Kapillarröhrchen nur gering auf die Herstellkosten der Kapillarrohrmatte aus (in erster Linie Materialkosten, keine erhöhten Prozesskosten). Wird zunächst der durch die Luft verlaufende Teil der Röhrchen durchströmt, so kann dort das Wärmeträgerfluid, wenn es kälter als Luft ist, bereits erwärmt werden um anschließend am Modul dank vom Modul absorbierter Solarstrahlung weiter erwärmt zu werden. Weiterhin bieten die beiden nebeneinander sich befindenden Sammlerrohre einen Montagevorteil.
• – Die Kapillarrohrmatte, besteht aus einem Sammlerrohr auf der einen Seite und zwei Sammlerohren auf der anderen. Von dem alleinigen Sammlerrohr auf der einen Seite verlaufen die Kapillarröhrchen parallel, ein Teil zu dem einen Sammler und ein Teil zu dem zweiten Sammler. Die Röhrchen, die direkt bei dem PV-Modul angeordnet sind, befinden sich in den Nuten/Rinnen der profilierten Platte/Struktur, der andere Teil der Röhrchen verläuft in einem Abstand von dem PV-Modul frei in der Luft. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, dass mithilfe eines Umschaltventils oder z. B. zweier Pumpen unterschiedliche Durchströmungen realisiert werden können. So kann beispielsweise wahlweise das Wärmeträgermedium zuerst durch die in der Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen strömen (Mediumstemperatur < Umgebungslufttemperatur) bevor es durch die in Kontakt mit dem Modul stehenden Röhrchen strömt, oder es kann nur durch letztgenannte Röhrchen strömen, wodurch der Wärmeaustausch zur Luft reduziert wird (Mediums- und PVT-Modultemperatur > Umgebungslufttemperatur). Darüber hinaus kann die PV-Modultemperatur begrenzt werden, also Umschaltung auf vollständige Durchströmung inkl. Luftbereich ab einer PVT-Modultemperatur > Grenzwert. Eine andere denkbare Verschaltung ist, dass nur die durch die Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen durchströmt werden, wenn z. B. nachts die Module sich unter Umgebungstemperatur abkühlen. Diese Verschaltung ist auch interessant, wenn die PVT-Module in Kombination einer Wärmepumpe z. B. im Sommer zur Gebäudekühlung eingesetzt werden. Die von der Wärmepumpe durch die Gebäudekühlung produzierte Abwärme kann dann über die durch die Luft verlaufenden Röhrchen abgegeben werden auch wenn die PVT-Module selbst warmer sind als die Temperatur des Wärmeträgermediums. Das Umschaltventils kann für das gesamte PVT-Kollektorfeld wirken, so dass der Aufwand für diese Art der Umschaltung sehr begrenzt ist.

For the realization of the enlarged heat exchanger surface to the air by means of capillary tubes different designs are possible:

• - The capillary tube mat, which is connected to the PVT module, consists of a collector tube at the top and bottom, between which the tubes run. Part of the tubes are located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, a portion of the tubes runs freely in the air at a distance from the PV module; the tubes are flowed through in parallel. Preferably, a tube alternately runs in the groove / gutter and the adjacent tube through the air. This variant according to claim 5 is not shown in any figure.
• - The capillary tube mat also consists of two collector tubes, between which run the tubes. The approximately half the length of the tubes is located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, so that the entire surface of the module is filled with tubes. On the side opposite the collector tube, the capillary tubes describe a U-bend and run through the air at a distance from the PV module back to the first collector tube. This embodiment has the advantage that the minimum distance with which the tubes can be mounted next to each other on the collector tube can be used both for heat absorption at the module and for heat absorption from the air. In addition, the larger length of the capillary tube has little effect on the manufacturing costs of the capillary tube mat (primarily material costs, no increased process costs). If the part of the tubes running through the air flows through first, then the heat transfer fluid, if it is colder than air, may already be heated in order to be subsequently heated further on the module thanks to the solar radiation absorbed by the module. Furthermore, the two adjacent collector tubes offer a mounting advantage.
• - The capillary tube mat, consists of a collector tube on one side and two collector tubes on the other. From the sole collector tube on one side the capillary tubes run parallel, a part to the one collector and a part to the second collector. The tubes, which are located directly at the PV module, are located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, the other part of the tubes runs freely in the air at a distance from the PV module. This arrangement has the advantage that by means of a switching valve or z. B. two pumps different flow rates can be realized. For example, optionally, the heat transfer medium may first pass through the air-borne tubes (medium temperature <ambient air temperature) before passing through the tube in contact with the module, or flow only through the latter tubes, thereby reducing heat exchange to the air ( Medium and PVT module temperature> ambient air temperature). In addition, the PV module temperature can be limited, ie switching to full flow rate including air range from a PVT module temperature> limit value. Another conceivable interconnection is that only the passing through the air tubes are flowed through when z. B. at night the modules cool below ambient temperature. This interconnection is also interesting if the PVT modules in combination with a heat pump z. B. be used in summer for cooling the building. The waste heat produced by the heat pump through the cooling of the building can then be released through the tubes passing through the air, even if the PVT modules themselves are warmer than the temperature of the heat transfer medium. The switching valve can act for the entire PVT collector field, so that the cost of this type of switching is very limited.

• - The capillary tube mat, which is connected to the PVT module, consists of a collector tube at the top and bottom, between which the tubes run. Part of the tubes are located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, a portion of the tubes runs freely in the air at a distance from the PV module; the tubes are flowed through in parallel. Preferably, a tube alternately runs in the groove / gutter and the adjacent tube through the air. This variant according to claim 5 is not shown in any figure.
• - The capillary tube mat also consists of two collector tubes, between which run the tubes. The approximately half the length of the tubes is located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, so that the entire surface of the module is filled with tubes. On the side opposite the collector tube, the capillary tubes describe a U-bend and run through the air at a distance from the PV module back to the first collector tube. This embodiment has the advantage that the minimum distance with which the tubes can be mounted next to each other on the collector tube can be used both for heat absorption at the module and for heat absorption from the air. In addition, the larger length of the capillary tube has little effect on the manufacturing costs of the capillary tube mat (primarily material costs, no increased process costs). If the part of the tubes running through the air flows through first, then the heat transfer fluid, if it is colder than air, may already be heated in order to be subsequently heated further on the module thanks to the solar radiation absorbed by the module. Furthermore, the two adjacent collector tubes offer a mounting advantage.
• - The capillary tube mat, consists of a collector tube on one side and two collector tubes on the other. From the sole collector tube on one side the capillary tubes run parallel, a part to the one collector and a part to the second collector. The tubes, which are located directly at the PV module, are located in the grooves / grooves of the profiled plate / structure, the other part of the tubes runs freely in the air at a distance from the PV module. This arrangement has the advantage that by means of a switching valve or z. B. two pumps different flow rates can be realized. For example, optionally, the heat transfer medium may first pass through the air-borne tubes (medium temperature <ambient air temperature) before passing through the tube in contact with the module, or flow only through the latter tubes, thereby reducing heat exchange to the air ( Medium and PVT module temperature> ambient air temperature). In addition, the PV module temperature can be limited, ie switching to full flow rate including air range from a PVT module temperature> limit value. Another conceivable interconnection is that only the passing through the air tubes are flowed through when z. B. at night the modules cool below ambient temperature. This interconnection is also interesting if the PVT modules in combination with a heat pump z. B. be used in summer for cooling the building. The waste heat produced by the heat pump through the cooling of the building can then be released through the tubes passing through the air, even if the PVT modules themselves are warmer than the temperature of the heat transfer medium. The switching valve can act for the entire PVT collector field, so that the cost of this type of switching is very limited.

The following are based on the 1 - 12 concrete embodiments of the invention described.

1 shows a photovoltaic thermal module 1 according to claim 1 and 2 from above, wherein the usual in PV and PVT modules frame is removed at two locations for better visualization.

The photovoltaic thermal module consists of a photovoltaic module 2 with a surrounding frame 3 , On the bottom of the photovoltaic module 2 there is an aluminum ribbed profile 4 , in the capillary tube 5 are clipped. The capillary tubes run between the two collector tubes 7 . 8th , One half of the capillary tubes are in the aluminum profile 4 clipped and thus is in good thermal contact with the photovoltaic module 2 , The other half of the capillary tube runs after a U-bend at a distance from the photovoltaic module 2 and the aluminum profile 4 through the air and is therefore in good heat exchange with the air. The tubes are in this area by the usual spacers in capillary tube mats 6 fixed.

2 shows a section of the bottom of the photovoltaic thermal module 1 : On the bottom of the photovoltaic module 2 is the aluminum ribbed profile 4 to see in the capillary tube 5 are clipped. The ribs of the aluminum profile 4 serve the surface enlargement to the air. They are shaped so that by increasing their distance to the outside, the insertion and clipping of the tubes in the manufacturing process is facilitated.

3 shows the photovoltaic thermic module 1 in longitudinal section.

4 shows the photovoltaic thermic module 1 in cross section. Here you can see that the spacer 6 on the module frame 3 is fixed so that the capillary tubes are kept in a defined position.

5 shows a photovoltaic thermal module 1 with 3 collectors 7 . 8th . 9 ,

6 shows the interconnection of several photovoltaic thermal modules 1 with 3 collectors according to 5 , About the changeover valve 10 Optionally, the heat transfer medium can first through the tubes running in the air 5b flow (useful if medium temperature <ambient air temperature) before passing through the tubes in contact with the module 5a flows, or it can only through the tubes 5a flow, reducing the heat exchange to the air (useful if medium and PVT module temperature> ambient air temperature). Further connection options see above.

7 and 8th show on average two profiled structures 4 for holding the tubes 5 made of aluminum sheet by roll forming and on the photovoltaic module 2 be laminated. In this manufacturing process stresses due to thermal expansion in the transverse direction to the grooves are completely avoided.

9 shows the back of the photovoltaic module on which the profiled structure 4 , z. B. aluminum rib profile, divided into 6 elements is applied. Between the elements there are expansion joints 11 , so that the thermal expansion of the profiled structure 4 made of aluminum, which is larger than that of the glass of the photovoltaic module 2 , no undue voltages are generated on the module.

10 shows a section of the bottom of the photovoltaic thermal module 1 in which on the bottom of the photovoltaic module 2 a profiled glass pane 12 is applied, in their grooves, the capillary tubes 5a are pressed. The grooves in the glass are slightly narrower than the diameter of the capillary tubes, so that they are fixed there by friction. In addition, the profiles are used 13 for fixing and securing the capillary tube to the photovoltaic module and at the same time for receiving and fixing the running through the air tube 5b ,

11 shows two z. B. elevated on a flat roof photovoltaic thermal modules 1 in which the tubes passing through the air 5b not parallel to the back of the module 1 but obliquely backwards, in the area that is available between the two modules, whereby a better heat exchange with the air is achieved.

12 shows the detail of the junction box 14 of the PV module. The profiled structure 4 for holding the tubes 5 ends in front of the can 14 so the tubes 5 can run over the can.

• – Doppelstegplatten
• – Kissen-Wärmetauscher
• – metallische Rohrregister oder Rohrmäander, ggf. mit Wärmeleitblech oder Rippen

Instead of the described embodiments, other embodiments are possible according to the invention: z. B., the profiled structure for receiving the tube and other materials such. B. made of plastic. Furthermore, according to claim 1, other heat transfer medium flowed through by the heat transfer medium possible, for. B .:

• - double bridge plates
• - Cushion heat exchanger
• - Metallic pipe register or pipe meander, if necessary with heat conduction plate or ribs

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Photovoltaic module Thermie

2

photovoltaic module

3

module frame

4

Profiled structure for holding the capillary tubes

5

Tubes, especially capillary tubes,

5a

in contact with the PV module,

5b

in sole air contact

6

Spacer for capillary tubes

7

collector pipe

8th

collector pipe

9

collector pipe

10

switching valve

11

expansion

12

Profiled glass pane

13

Spacer for fixing the capillary tubes on both sides

14

Electrical connection box

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• M. Adam, HP Wirth, R. Radasavljevic: Collaborative Project: Standardization and Standardization of PVT Multi-functional Solar Panels (PVT standard), final report of a BMWi-funded project of the Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences, 2014 [0002]
• www.triplesolar.com/products/how-does-it-work/?lang=en [0003]
• Luck, C .; Faßnacht, T .; Leibfried, U .: Simulation study on the integration of PV modules and PVT collectors into a solar heat pump system. 24th OTTI Symposium Solar Thermal Energy, 07.-09. May 2014, Bad-Staffelstein [0003]
• www.solimpeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/pvt_presentation_en.pdf [0004]
• www.triplesolar.com [0004]
• https://dualsun.fr/en/product/2-in-1-solar [0004]
• http://www.sunergsolar.com/allegati_prod_dw/Data%20sheet%20TESP%20XP60-156%20l+%20rev.15%2002_03_AP.pdf [0004]
• Product information of Meyer Burger AG, CH-3645 Gwatt: Hybrid, 08-2014 [0004]
• www.systovi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/brochure_r-volt_ENG.pdf [0004]
• www.triplesolar.com [0006]
• www.solarlux.de/en/solarlux/company.cfm [0012]

Claims (18)

Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), consisting of a photovoltaic module ( 2 ), which is provided on the side facing away from the sun with a heat transfer structure, which is flowed through by a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium, characterized in that the heat transfer structure ( 5 ) is in part in heat-conducting contact with the photovoltaic module, and to another part without direct contact with the photovoltaic module as a heat exchanger between the air and the heat transfer medium through the ambient air passes. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), consisting of a photovoltaic module which is provided on the side facing away from the sun with a heat transfer structure, which is flowed through by a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium, characterized in that the heat transfer structure of substantially parallel tubes ( 5 ) and that on the back of the photovoltaic module ( 2 ) a profiled structure with grooves ( 4 ) in which the tubes ( 5 ) are arranged, wherein the grooves are designed so that the tubes are in direct contact with the profiled structure. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat exchanger structure is made of plastic, in particular of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE). Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger structure is a capillary tube mat consisting of capillary tubes ( 5 ) with collector tubes ( 7 . 8th , possibly. 9 ) are involved. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 and one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a part of the tubes ( 5 ) in the grooves of the profiled structure ( 4 ) and the other part of the tubes ( 5 ) - preferably alternately every other tube - at a distance from the PV module ( 2 ) runs freely in the air, whereby all tubes are flowed through in parallel. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 and one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the tubes ( 5 ) starting from a first header pipe ( 7 ) in the grooves of the profiled structure ( 4 ) and at the end of the profiled structure describe a U-bend and run at a distance from the PV module through the air back to the vicinity of the first header tube, where the second header tube ( 8th ) is located. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 and one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the heat exchanger structure with three points ( 7 . 8th . 9 ) to the heat transfer medium inlet or outlet is provided, one in place ( 9 ), where the area of the heat transfer structure with thermally conductive contact with the photovoltaic module and the area running through the air are connected to one another, and on the other two ends of the areas (FIG. 7 . 8th ), further characterized in that a switching valve ( 10 ) or another suitable hydraulic circuit, the heat transfer medium optionally by only one of the two areas or by the entire heat transfer structure of at least one photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ). Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 7, characterized in that the switching valve ( 10 ) the heat transfer medium at a medium temperature, which is below the ambient air temperature, first passes through the part of the heat exchanger structure extending in the air, before it flows through the area in contact with the module, and at a medium and module temperature, the above Ambient air temperature, the heat transfer medium passes only through the latter area, wherein optionally a limit temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ) can be provided, from which the heat transfer medium again flows through both areas of the heat exchanger structure. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to any one of claims 7-8, characterized in that the photovoltaic thermal modules ( 1 ) in combination with a heat pump optionally also be used for building cooling and the heat produced by the heat pump through the building cooling waste heat is discharged through the PVT modules by position of the switching valve ( 10 ) such that the heat transfer medium at a temperature of the photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ) flows above the temperature of the heat transfer medium only through the part of the heat exchanger structure extending in the air. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 and optionally additionally one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the part of the heat exchanger structure which passes through the ambient air, substantially parallel to the photovoltaic module ( 2 ) runs on the back. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 1 and optionally additionally one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the part of the heat exchanger structure which passes through the ambient air, in an obliquely elevated photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ) extends downwardly from the top of the module, which portion is vertically downwardly or obliquely disposed toward or away from the module. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 11 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the profiled structure ( 4 ) of a profiled glass channel ( 12 ), wherein the grooves in the glass are slightly narrower than the diameter of the tubes ( 5 ), so that these are fixed there by a slight contusion, further characterized by the optional use of profiles ( 13 ) for fixing and securing the tubes 5a in the gutters of the glass pane and at the same time for receiving and fixing the tubes passing through the air 5b are mounted. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 12 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the grooves of the profiled structure ( 4 ) relative to the diameter of the tubes ( 5 ) is reduced, so that the tubes of the heat exchanger structure are clipped and thus mechanically secured against falling out. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 11, 13 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the profiled structure ( 4 ) consists of a good heat conducting metal, in particular aluminum and is provided with a surface enlarging structure. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to claim 14, characterized in that the surface-enlarging structure is configured with conically opening regions arranged above the troughs, through which the introduction of the tubes ( 5 ) is facilitated in the manufacturing process. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 15 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the profiled structure ( 4 ) is produced by extrusion. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 11, 13 to 15 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the profiled structure ( 4 ) is made of a thin sheet by roll forming. Combined photovoltaic thermal module ( 1 ), according to one of claims 2 to 17 and optionally additionally claim 1, characterized in that the profiled structure ( 4 ) is divided into sections between which expansion joints ( 11 ) are located.

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