DE202015003015U1 - Device for noise damping in power generators and combustion drives of all kinds - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for producing, promoting, stabilizing and / or maintaining emulsion formation of oil of any kind and water for operating an internal combustion engine or other energy generating or energy conversion device using either degassed or partially degassed water for emulsion formation, and / or Emulsion formation into the mixture of oil and water (or the emulsion), an article with capillary openings (eg membrane, microporous filter) is introduced and a voltage is applied which causes an electroosmotic flow of at least parts of the mixture or the emulsion through the Capillaries, characterized in that the stabilized or maintained emulsion produced by this device is oriented in its mixing ratio to the reduction of the sound development in the operation of the internal combustion engine or the other device for energy generation or energy conversion This results in.

Description

task

The invention relates to a device for noise damping of power generators and combustion drives of all kinds, in particular in internal combustion engines and combustion driven turbines (eg gas turbines). Due to the explosive combustion process creates a noise pollution, which may be undesirable for many reasons.

The present invention has therefore set itself the task to reduce this noise pollution by using a particularly suitable fuel.

State of the art

• A. Noise attenuation in power generators and drives can be achieved conventionally by low-vibration design, sound-absorbing storage and external sound insulation, in an emergency also by power reduction. However, all these measures have practical limits or can only be realized to a certain extent for space and weight reasons or for other requirements.
• B. It is therefore useful for many applications, not only to operate the absorption of already existing sound, but already to use a fuel, which itself - ideally without loss of power - causes less noise.

The sound development in turn is temperature dependent, d. H. cooler combustion results in less mechanical energy propagation outside the desired drive direction. The aviation principle, where turbofan engines envelope the hot engine core with a bypass of cooler air driven by a fan, is known, which not only enhances performance but also significantly reduces noise at certain angles of radiation.

Similarly, fuels can also be burned directly for "cooler" burning. In particular, this applies to the admixture of water to oily fuels.

It has hitherto been known that the addition of water to (oily) fuels, in particular to diesel fuel, leads to a reduction in pollutant emissions and an increase in the efficiency, in particular of fuels. Experiments have shown, however, that the increase of the water content to a level that significantly lowers the operating temperature, in particular, is then associated with a measurable reduction in noise during the combustion process. The only requirement is that the water content is high enough.

According to the prior art, according to which only expensive and harmful for machinery and environment emulsifiers, the use of larger amounts of water in oil made possible, this was not feasible feasible.

This is different now: already the DE 20 2004 010 305 (Vitt) teaches to achieve the necessary preparation of the emulsion instead of chemical additives by degassing the water. The DE 20 2007 001 960 (Vitt II) complements the above solution by a preferred embodiment in which fine local emulsion production is effected by micropores which are now available in multiple forms. The DE 20 2007 002 851 (Vitt III) makes this approach practicable through the use of various methods and optimizes partially degassed water.

The DE 20 2011 107 729 (Vitt IV) describes the use of electro-osmosis for emulsion production and stabilization, which can be used alternatively or in addition to the above-described degassing method to obtain a beneficial mixture or water and oil with low emulsifier use.

• C. Die vorliegende Erfindung hat nun zur Aufgabe, Vorrichtungen zu beschreiben, die durch die Verwendung der vorgenannten emulgatorenarmen oder emulgatorenfreien Wasseröle besonders schallarm sind und genau für diesen Zweck optimiert werden.

However, the above-described inventions have the purpose of bringing about an increase in efficiency and a reduction of pollutant emissions by the addition of water in oily fuels. They are not optimized in their embodiments to a sound reduction.

• C. It is an object of the present invention to describe devices which are particularly low in noise by the use of the abovementioned emulsifier-poor or emulsifier-free water oils and which are optimized precisely for this purpose.

Inventive solution

• A. The solution according to the invention consists in optimizing the combustion device for the use of a water content for the best possible temperature reduction. No or only in individual cases still acceptable losses in performance or efficiency should occur.

Experiments have shown that for this purpose a high, even predominant water content is useful. It has already been shown in the literature that the use of high water content for combustion drives is technically possible. However, the share of water has always been in terms of reducing the share of Emulsifiers or the optimization of the efficiency chosen so that too high a proportion of water were considered not useful. Depending on the combustion device, mixtures of significantly more oil than water have been obtained on a regular basis so far.

However, if the mixture is optimized in terms of sound development, the goal is to lower the temperature and increase the attenuating, non-combusting water content, as long as the power and ignitability of the mixture allow it. This can be achieved after experiments but also at high water contents, even more than 50%, and indeed permanently without harmful consequences when degassing and / or electro-osmosis are used for mixing and therefore eliminates the otherwise excessively necessary emulsifiers. Also, such a mixing ratio is not yet associated with relevant performance or efficiency losses.

On the contrary, depending on the task and requirements, even water shares of 60-90% and more can be useful. This is especially true when the sound reduction has to be optimized only temporarily, under a then temporarily acceptable power loss.

• B. Zur Optimierung werden in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform jedoch nicht nur grundsätzliche Berechnungen oder Messungen für eine lärmarme Verbrennung zugrunde gelegt, sondern ein selbstregelndes System. Denn die Temperaturverhältnisse in einem Verbrennungssystem sind je nach Laufdauer und Leistungsanforderung variabel. Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform verfügt daher über eine Vorrichtung, die das Mischverhältnis von Wasser und Öl steuert, in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen Temperatur und/oder der gemessenen Schallentwicklung (oder anderer Parameter, die darauf rückschließen lassen), um die Einhaltung bestimmter Schallobergrenzen oder eine absolute Schalloptimierung in Anhängigkeit anderer Parameter (wie der Leistung) zu erreichen. Die dazu zusätzlich erforderliche Meß- und Regeltechnik gehört zum Stand der Technik.

If the previously known from the aforementioned rights Vitt I-IV device so converted in favor of the proportion of water to a significantly higher mixing ratio, it is instead of (or in addition to) a performance or efficiency increase causes a reduction in noise.

• B. In the preferred embodiment, however, optimization is based not only on basic calculations or measurements for low-noise combustion, but on a self-regulating system. Because the temperature conditions in a combustion system are variable depending on running time and power requirement. The preferred embodiment therefore has a device which controls the mixing ratio of water and oil, depending on the measured temperature and / or the measured sound development (or other parameters that can be deduced thereon), compliance with certain switching sound limits or an absolute Schalloptimierung depending on other parameters (such as performance). The additionally required measurement and control technology belongs to the prior art.

In a further preferred embodiment, the reduction of the sound development can also be differentiated according to frequencies or frequency ranges. It may be desirable to avoid certain frequency ranges especially, because they z. B. sound-enhancing or materialbeanspruchende resonances in the overall device or where it was installed, causes, or because the frequency ranges for other reasons, eg. B. because of special or particularly sensitive perception from the outside, to be avoided.

It is possible to make the frequency selection itself depending on changing circumstances during operation, d. H. also be variably controlled according to certain parameters.

• C. Die vorbeschriebene Schallreduzierung ist besonders dort von praktischem Nutzen, wo andere Maßnahmen unzureichend sind oder eine besonders wirksame Schallreduzierung gefordert ist. Das kann sich zum einen durch gesetzliche Grenzwerte ergeben, die anderweitig schwerer einzuhalten wären, oder auch durch besonders anspruchsvolle praktische Vorgaben.

In addition, the Schalloptimierung, as already mentioned, be limited in time by an appropriate control when z. B. only during certain periods of operation (such as at night or in particular other sensitivity of the environment) or under special circumstances certain sound levels to be met. At other times then z. B. requirements for performance and / or efficiency or pollutant reduction are given priority, with partial deferral of noise reduction.

• C. The above-described sound reduction is of practical use especially where other measures are inadequate or particularly effective sound reduction is required. On the one hand, this can result from legal limits that would otherwise be harder to obey, or from particularly demanding practical requirements.

The sound reduction may be particularly relevant for marine propulsion applications. From the ocean research is known that many marine animals on sound, which is also transmitted much more under water than in the air, very sensitive and are either expelled or at least disturbed, if a research vessel has too loud a drive. Some marine animals also communicate themselves with sound signals, which can then be superimposed by drive noise.

• D. Ein Nebeneffekt der Verwendung von entgastem Wasser ist die Reduzierung der Kavitationsprobleme im Antrieb. Es ist bekannt, daß eine optimierte Emulsionsmischung Kavitationsprobleme vermindert. Das gleiche gilt auch für die Verwendung von entgastem Wasser, weil hierdurch zumindest die Blasenbildung durch gelöstes Gas bei Unterdruck vermieden wird.

Research submarines therefore usually have low-noise electric drives, but they are heavy and have low ranges, so that in particular for longer deep dives, z. B. in the study of the seabed or deep-diving marine animals (such as whales) restrictions must be accepted. A low-noise combustion drive has significant advantages here, even with submarines. However, other applications for ship propulsion systems can be considered in which quiet drives are advantageous, for. B. for police and customs missions against smugglers or in the Navy. A particular advantage is the animal and environmental protection, as sensitive marine animals can be damaged by underwater noise, which is avoided at a lower noise level.

• D. A side effect of using degassed water is the reduction of cavitation problems in the drive. It is known that optimized emulsion mixing reduces cavitation problems. The same applies to the use of degassed water, because this at least the formation of bubbles by dissolved gas at reduced pressure is avoided.

A synergy could therefore be achieved in accordance with the reduction of cavitation effects on the hull and the propellers, if the already generated for the drive degassed water for waterjet drives or to cover the water flow to the hull and propellers is used. For this purpose, in front of the areas where cavitation is created according to the specific shape of the ship or bolt body, appropriate outlet openings should be provided in order to allow the critical surfaces to flow around with degasified water.

The position of the outlet openings depends on the operating requirements and specific forms used and can also be designed variably or provided variably controllable.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202004010305 [0007]
• DE 202007001960 [0007]
• DE 202007002851 [0007]
• DE 202011107729 [0008]

Claims (11)

Apparatus for producing, promoting, stabilizing and / or maintaining emulsion formation of oil of any kind and water for operating an internal combustion engine or other energy generating or energy conversion apparatus using either degassed or partially degassed water for emulsification, and / or Emulsion formation into the mixture of oil and water (or the emulsion), an article with capillary openings (eg membrane, microporous filter) is introduced and a voltage is applied which causes an electroosmotic flow of at least parts of the mixture or the emulsion through the Capillaries, characterized in that the stabilized or maintained emulsion produced by this device is oriented in its mixing ratio to the reduction of the sound development in the operation of the internal combustion engine or the other device for energy generation or energy conversion This results in. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of water is higher than the proportion of the oil. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of water in the emulsion is higher than 60%. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of water in the emulsion is higher than 75%. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of water in the emulsion is higher than 90%. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing ratio of water and oil produced by the device can be variably adapted to the respective operating requirements. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the mixing ratio is controlled by a data processing device which directly or indirectly uses measured values during operation of the internal combustion engine or the other energy generating or energy conversion device, e.g. B. Measurements of temperature or sound levels. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction of the sound development is at least temporarily preferably operated for certain frequencies or frequency bands. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction of the sound development (preferably controllable) takes place temporarily or that the sound development is tuned or limited at certain times to changing parameters or levels. An internal combustion engine or other power generation or energy conversion device operated with a fuel produced or maintained in a device according to any one of the preceding claims. Apparatus for discharging degassed or partially degassed water generated or maintained in, or in connection with, a device according to any one of the preceding claims in certain areas (in particular hull, propellers, oars) of vessels of all kinds, including submarines, to reduce cavitation.