DE202012103631U1 - Device for heat and moisture-regulating ventilation of an interior - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for heat and moisture regulating ventilation of an interior, characterized by a sleeve-shaped housing (20) connecting the interior (11) to an exterior (12), in which - an air flow generator (3), the direction of air flow is reversible, - an air flow in the Air flow generator (3) arranged heat and moisture storage (4), - sensors (51, 52) for detecting the temperature (T) and humidity (F) of the air flow and - a control and regulating device (6), the input side of the Sensors (51, 52) emitted sensor signals (actual values) for the air temperature (T) and air humidity (F) is applied and controls the air flow generator (3) on the output side, are arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a device for heat and moisture-regulating ventilation of an interior.

High thermal insulation and strong sealing of interiors as a result of building regulations result in almost airtight enclosed interiors. Inadequate ventilation therefore leads to mold growth and increased microbial infestation, so that the building fabric is damaged and people in the interior suffer from an unhealthy and uncomfortable room climate.

To avoid this, ventilation systems with heat recovery for ventilation of interiors in the form of rotor systems with a rotating heat-transmitting disc and an intake and exhaust fan, plate exchanger with separator plates and each one inlet and exhaust fan and circulation systems with two heat exchangers, a pipe system, Pumps and also supply and exhaust fans and battery systems with storage plates, flap systems and supply and exhaust fans used.

From the DE 20 2010 001809 U1 is a system for heat-regulating ventilation of a ceiling having a living room with a first, the room interior with the outside connecting air duct known in which a heat storage element and a first fan means for selectively conveying air from the room interior to the outside and in the opposite direction. On the side facing away from the interior of the room ceiling, a gap is formed, which has a connection with the interior of the room, so that air from the interior of the room can flow into the intermediate space. In the space and / or in the ceiling heat storage means are provided for storing the heat contained in the ceiling along the air flowing. A second air duct connects the space with the outside and includes a second fan means for conveying air from the space to the outside.

• – in einem Winterbetrieb, in dem in einem Takt von beispielsweise 90 Sekunden wechselweise verbrauchte Luft aus dem Raum nach außen und anschließend Frischluft ins Rauminnere befördert wird, wobei die in der verbrauchten Raumluft gespeicherte Wärme in dem Wärmespeicherelement gespeichert und anschließend an die einströmende Frischluft zum Vorerwärmen der Frischluft abgegeben wird, während das zweite Lüftermittel nicht betrieben wird,
• – einen Tages-Sommerbetrieb, in dem das erste und das zweite Lüftermittel wie im Winterbetrieb betrieben werden und
• – einen Nacht-Sommerbetrieb, in dem das erste Lüftermittel zur fortwährenden Zufuhr von Luft aus dem Freien in das Rauminnere und das zweite Lüftermittel zur fortwährenden Abfuhr von Luft aus dem Zwischenraum in das Freie betrieben werden.

The known system has a control with which the first and second fan means can be operated in different operating modes, namely

• - In a winter operation in which in a cycle of, for example, 90 seconds alternately used air from the room to the outside and then fresh air is transported into the interior, stored in the spent room heat stored in the heat storage element and then to the incoming fresh air for preheating the fresh air is discharged while the second fan means is not operated,
• - A daytime summer operation, in which the first and the second fan means are operated as in winter operation and
• - A night-summer operation, in which the first fan means for continuous supply of air from the open air into the room interior and the second fan means for the continuous removal of air from the intermediate space are operated to the outside.

The known system requires in addition to an elaborate and impermissible due to legal regulations wall and ceiling construction of the room to be air conditioned, the installation of two air ducts, each with a fan means or fan and a heat storage medium. In addition, the system is neither energy nor climate optimized as a result of the specified cycle of the change in direction of the air flow, so that in addition to the required supply of fresh air is not guaranteed that the room climate has an optimal mix of indoor air temperature and indoor humidity.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for heat and moisture-regulating ventilation of an interior, which ensures optimal ventilation and air conditioning of the interior with minimal energy consumption with minimal construction and equipment expense with easy handling and installation.

• – ein Luftstromerzeuger, dessen Luftströmungsrichtung umkehrbar ist,
• – ein im Luftstrom des Luftstromerzeugers angeordneter Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsspeicher,
• – Sensoren zur Erfassung der Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit des Luftstroms und
• – eine Steuerungs- und Regelungseinrichtung, die eingangsseitig mit von den Sensoren abgegebenen Sensorsignalen (Istwerte) für die Lufttemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit beaufschlagt ist und ausgangsseitig den Luftstromerzeuger ansteuert, angeordnet sind.

This object is achieved by a device for heat and moisture-regulating ventilation of an interior, which has a connecting the interior with an outer space sleeve-shaped housing in which

• An air flow generator whose air flow direction is reversible,
• A heat and moisture storage arranged in the air flow of the air flow generator,
• - Sensors for detecting the temperature and humidity of the air flow and
• - A control and regulating device, which is acted on the input side with output from the sensors sensor signals (actual values) for the air temperature and humidity and the output side drives the air flow generator, are arranged.

The arrangement of all the functional elements of the ventilation device in a sleeve-shaped housing ensures a compact construction of the ventilation device, which thus easy to handle, vorfertigbar and easily inserted into a wall opening and removed from this example, for cleaning and disinfection is, and with minimal structural and device technical effort ensures an easy handling and installation optimal ventilation and air conditioning of the interior with minimal energy consumption.

Preferably, the sleeve-shaped housing is tubular or designed as a hollow cylinder, but can also take any other cross-sectional shape, for example rectangular or square, to adapt to the cross-sectional shape of bricks, so that retrofitting an interior can be done by making a wall breakthrough in a simple and cost-effective manner ,

In a preferred embodiment, the air flow generator consists of an axial fan with a variable direction of rotation and a variable speed electronically commutated motor.

The design of the air flow generator as an axial fan ensures a compact design and appropriate arrangement of the fan in the sleeve-shaped housing of the ventilation device.

In a further preferred embodiment of the air flow generator includes a control and regulation module, in particular a DDC control, so that only a suitable power supply to the compact, sleeve-shaped housing of the ventilation device is provided.

The heat and moisture storage can consist of a provided with capillaries, flowed through by the incoming and outflowing air chamber ceramic element, a plate exchanger with air channels, rolled corrugated aluminum or hygroscopically coated glass fiber or clay elements, the functional elements of the heat and moisture storage with hygienic reasons Gold, silver, or copper ions are vaporized to prevent microbial growth.

In a completed embodiment, the ventilation device inserted into the wall opening consists of the sleeve-shaped housing, in which an air filter, the heat and moisture storage, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor, the air flow generator and arranged on the wall of the interior protective grid are arranged.

In the event that the outside corresponds to the free environment, the sleeve-shaped housing of the ventilation device is closed on the outside by a weather protection grid, so that moisture such as driving rain can not penetrate into the ventilation device.

For optimum air conditioning of the interior by an air flow passing through the interior, at least two ventilating devices spaced apart from one another and working in push-pull manner are provided, which are arranged in particular on opposite outer walls of the interior.

The working in push-pull ventilation devices produce a change in the flow direction of the room air and thus optimum flushing of the interior. While one ventilation device conveys room air from the interior to the outside, for example, and the heat and moisture storage of this ventilation device stores the heat and moisture contained in the outflowing air flow, the other ventilation device conveys outside air into the interior and transfers the previously stored heat and moisture to the inflowing air from. The change in the direction of flow is controlled by a separate control and regulating device, for example with corresponding changeover contacts, a corresponding programming or via a connection of the integrated into the air flow generator of the two ventilation devices control and regulation modules.

• – in einem ersten Betriebszustand ein Luftstrom vom Innenraum zum Außenraum gerichtet wird und die Lufttemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit erfasst und gespeichert,
• – beim Erreichen eines Beharrungszustandes, in dem die Änderung der erfassten Lufttemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit jeweils unter einen vorgegebenen Änderungswert abgesunken ist, in einem zweiten Betriebszustand die Strömungsrichtung des Luftstroms umgekehrt vom Außenraum zum Innenraum gerichtet und die Istwerte der Lufttemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit werden erfasst und mit Sollwerten für die Lufttemperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit verglichen und
• – bei einer vorgegebenen Abweichung der Istwerte von den Sollwerten in den ersten Betriebszustand umgeschaltet.

To operate the ventilation device is

• - In a first operating state, an air flow is directed from the interior to the exterior and the air temperature and humidity detected and stored,
• In a second operating state the direction of flow of the air flow is reversely directed from the outside to the interior and the actual values of the air temperature and humidity are recorded and with setpoint values for compared the air temperature and humidity and
• - Switched at a predetermined deviation of the actual values of the set values in the first operating state.

This process ensures optimal air conditioning with minimum structural and technical equipment expenditure, that is, an optimal mixture of air temperature and relative humidity of the interior with minimal energy consumption.

The method in its basic version requires only the installation of a single wall opening in a wall separating the interior space from an external space for inserting the sleeve-shaped housing of the ventilation device with air flow generator or fan, heat and moisture storage as well as therein Temperature and humidity sensor in conjunction with a control and regulating device. By changing the direction of air flow as a function of reaching a steady state in which the change in the detected by the sensors air temperature and humidity has dropped below predetermined change values, and a target-actual value comparison of the air temperature and humidity, energy-optimized air conditioning of the interior is achieved the fresh air supplied to the interior has an optimum temperature and relative humidity.

Preferably, in a starting phase with a predetermined switching frequency between the first operating state and the second operating state and after completion of the starting phase switching from the first operating state to the second operating state in response to reaching the steady state and the deviation of the actual values of the setpoint air temperature and humidity performed.

Such a start-up phase is present, for example, after a prolonged interruption of service due to the non-inhabited interior or after set operating intervals such as day and night intervals and is used in particular to limit the minimum and maximum switching frequency of the air flow direction. In this case, after switching on the ventilation device, the air flow direction is changed in time with a fundamental frequency in order to obtain appropriate data of the air temperature and humidity.

After completion of the predetermined time start phase is switched to the change of the first and second operating state with a minimum frequency, wherein the minimum frequency can be changed according to a predetermined time program to optimize the temperature and humidity in the interior. In this case, a change of the air flow direction is never below a fundamental frequency, so that the required fresh air supply is ensured. On the other hand, the specification of a maximum frequency prevents a constant change between the first and second operating state with high differences in the temperature and humidity of the air stream discharged from the interior and supplied to the interior.

In a further variant, the switching frequency is variable during the starting phase and begins within a predetermined period of time with a minimum frequency and ends with a maximum frequency.

In a preferred embodiment, the minimum and maximum frequencies of the change between the first and second operating state are adjustable or adaptively changeable by appropriate programming of the control and regulating device.

In a further variant of the method, the regulation of the humidity of the interior is prior to the regulation of the temperature of the interior.

Due to the priority of the indoor air humidity relative to the room air temperature, the subjective perception of the people in the interior is taken into account, since with optimum humidity in the interior, the room air temperature can fluctuate in larger areas, without this having an effect on the well-being of people in the interior.

In an expanded variant of the method, an air flow is generated with alternating flow direction between two air ducts, which are arranged spaced apart in the interior space with at least one outer space.

In this extension of the method, although two air ducts each having an air flow generator, a heat and moisture storage and a temperature and humidity sensor are required, the sensors and air flow generators are coupled together via a common control and regulating device, however, this extended method allows optimal Flow through the interior, in particular when the air ducts are arranged in opposite outer walls of the interior.

In this case, the change of the flow direction is controlled by the control and regulating device, for example by means of corresponding, mutually locked switching contacts or by a corresponding programming.

Reference to exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically for a better understanding of the invention in the figures of the drawing, the idea underlying the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it:

1 a schematic longitudinal section through a ventilation device with arranged in a sleeve-shaped housing functional elements;

2 a schematic view of an interior with arranged in opposite outer walls ventilation devices and

3 a flowchart illustrating the operation of the aeration device.

1 shows a schematic representation in a longitudinal section through an outer wall 1 an interior 11 from an outdoor space 12 through the outer wall 1 is separated, the basic structure of a ventilation device 2 for heat and humidity regulating ventilation of the interior 11 ,

The ventilation device 2 is in a sleeve-shaped housing 20 arranged in a the interior 11 with the outside space 12 connecting wall opening 10 can be inserted and removed from this. The sleeve-shaped housing 20 may be tubular or formed as a hollow cylinder, but also assume any other cross-sectional shape, for example, rectangular or square to adapt to the cross-sectional shape of bricks are formed, so that retrofitting an interior 11 can be done by making a wall breakthrough in a simple and cost-effective manner.

The sleeve-shaped housing 2 the ventilation device 2 contains an air flow generator 3 , Preferably in the form of an axial fan with reversible direction of rotation, so that room air as outflowing room air AL from the interior 11 to the outside space 12 is directed while incoming air ZL from the outside 12 in the interior 11 is directed. In the flow path of the air flow generator 3 there is a heat and humidity storage 4 , which may consist for example of a provided with capillaries, can be flowed through by the incoming and outflowing air chamber ceramic element, a plate exchanger with air channels, rolled corrugated aluminum or hygroscopically coated glass fiber or clay elements. For hygienic reasons, the heat and moisture storage 4 be coated with gold, silver, or copper ions to prevent microbial growth.

Between the air flow generator 3 and the heat and humidity storage 4 are preferably adjacent to the air flow generator 3 a temperature sensor 51 and a humidity sensor 52 arranged via sensor cables 61 . 62 with inputs of a control and regulating device 6 are connected. By means of the control and regulating device 6 can be connected to the air flow generator 3 applied voltage depending on the desired direction of rotation of the air flow generator 3 and thus be reversed depending on the desired flow direction of the room air.

Preferred is as an air flow generator 3 an axial fan with an electronically commutated motor is used, which is very economical in power consumption and speed controllable and a control and regulation module 6 preferably in the form of a DDC control for energy saving use. As a control and regulating device 6 but can also be provided separately to be arranged control unit and with the air flow generator 3 get connected. So with low temperature and humidity differences a regulated air exchange between the interior 11 and the outside space 12 is guaranteed, contains the control and regulating device 6 a timer with start and stop function.

Between the outside space 12 and the heat and humidity storage 4 is an air filter 7 for keeping the functional elements of the ventilation device clean 2 arranged. Corresponds to the exterior space 12 the free environment of the interior 11 , so the ventilation device 2 through a weather protection grid 9 finished, which has lamellae, which divide the impending driving rain to the outside. At the interior 11 facing side of the ventilation device 2 becomes a protective grid 8th arranged, which is the penetration of objects or body parts in the ventilation device 2 from the inside 11 prevented.

2 shows a schematic plan view of an air conditioning system for one of walls 1 surrounded interior 11 in two opposite, the interior 11 with outdoor spaces 12 connecting wall openings 101 . 102 arranged ventilation devices 21 . 22 contains the in 2 illustrated ventilation device 2 correspond. Each of the two ventilation devices 21 . 22 is compact in a sleeve-shaped housing 20 arranged in the wall openings 101 . 102 can be inserted and pulled out of this, for example, a cleaning and disinfecting the ventilation devices 21 . 22 perform. This measure is required at least twice a year, especially if the relative humidity of the air exceeds 70%.

The ventilation devices 21 . 22 are on the interior side by protective grille 81 . 82 and to the outside space 12 through weather protection grille 91 . 92 completed.

The in the air stream generators 3 the two ventilation devices 21 . 22 integrated control and regulation modules 6 are via a tax bus 60 interconnected to allow the ventilation devices 21 . 22 working in push-pull, so that alternately the one ventilation device, for example, the first ventilation device 21 , Room air from the interior 11 to the outside space 12 promotes while the second ventilation device 22 , Outside air from the outside space 12 in the interior 11 promotes and vice versa. By this arrangement of two ventilation devices 21 . 22 it comes to a very good flushing of the interior 11 , wherein the number of working in push-pull ventilation devices 21 . 22 is not limited, so that For example, in large interiors distributed at intervals to each other a variety of ventilation devices can be provided. If necessary, a dashed line shown control unit 6 for synchronizing the ventilation devices 21 . 22 and setting of control parameters by the user.

For optimal distribution of the incoming and outgoing room air instead of the protective grid 8th . 81 . 82 Also, an air flow bar are provided, the incoming and outgoing air evenly over the wall in question 1 of the interior 11 distributed.

This in 1 Flowchart shown schematically shows the function of the ventilation device according to the invention in their operation.

After the start of the program (method step V1), a starting phase takes place in method step V2 in which constant or variable clocking is used to change the inflowing air flow directed into an interior space and an outflowing airflow directed from the interior, thereby continuously or at predetermined intervals the temperature and Humidity of the air flow measured and the measured values are stored. With variable timing can be started with a minimum clock frequency and the start phase terminated with a maximum clock frequency, the value pairs of the temperature and humidity of the air stream are assigned to the individual clock frequencies.

The start phase is completed with the achievement of a steady state, in which a change in temperature and humidity between the inflowing and outflowing air falls below a predetermined value. Alternatively, the start phase is completed by specifying a maximum time for the start phase. If, therefore, the time duration of the starting phase t is smaller than the predetermined time duration t ₀ (decision = N) in the branching in method step V3, then the starting phase is continued. If it is greater than the predetermined time duration t ₀ (decision = J), or if the steady state condition is reached, a transition is made to a first operating state (process step V 4) in which an air flow is directed from the interior to the exterior space and detects the air temperature and humidity and saved.

By continuously measuring and storing the temperature T and humidity F of the incoming and outgoing room air with subsequent comparison of the pairs of values, the changes .DELTA.T and .DELTA.F of the temperature and humidity of the room air are determined and with predetermined values T ₀ for the room air temperature and F ₀ for compared the (relative) humidity. If the change values ΔT and ΔF are above the predetermined values T ₀ and F ₀ (decision = N), the first operating state is continued.

If the change values .DELTA.T and .DELTA.F of the room air temperature and room air humidity determined in method step V5 are less than or equal to the preset values T ₀ and F ₀ (decision = J), then the second operating state (method step V6) is entered, in which the flow direction of the airflow is directed from the outside space to the interior and the actual values Ti and Fi of the air temperature and humidity are detected and compared with the set values Ts and Fs for the air temperature and humidity.

By continuous set-actual value comparison of the (relative) humidity F and temperature T of the room air is determined in step V7, whether there is a deviation of the actual values Fi and Ti of the set value Fs and Ts, which is less than or equal to a predetermined value F1 or T1 Target actual value deviation is. If this is not the case (decision = N), the second operating state (method step V6) is continued. If this is the case (decision = J), since the deviation of the actual values from the desired values is less than or equal to the predetermined desired-actual value deviations, the method changes to the first operating state (method step V4).

Depending on the deviation from the desired values, the flow direction of the room air is switched over, that is to say from the outflowing room air flowing in and vice versa. In this case, preferably the humidity control takes precedence over the temperature control. The switching time changes the humidity and temperature transfer of the heat and moisture storage.

Of course, the starting phase with the method steps V2 and V3 can be omitted, so that immediately after the program start in the method step V1, the first operating state is initiated with the method step V4.

To ensure a sufficient supply of fresh air into the interior, regardless of the clock cycles when switching from the first to the second operating state, a fundamental frequency for the clocking is set, which is not exceeded. On the other hand, a predefinable maximum frequency of the clocking prevents a constant change of the incoming and outgoing room air at high differences between the measured temperature and humidity values of the incoming and outgoing room air and the actual values of the temperature and humidity of the room air from the predetermined target values.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

outer wall

2

aeration device

3

Air flow generator (axial fan)

4

Heat and moisture storage

6

Control and regulation device

7

air filter

8th

guard

9

Louvres

10

wall opening

11

inner space

12

outer space

20

Sleeve-shaped housing

21, 22

Push-pull ventilation devices

51

temperature sensor

52

humidity sensor

60

control bus

61, 62

sensor Cable

81, 82

guard

91, 92

Louvres

101, 102

wall openings

201, 202

Sleeve-shaped housing

AL

Outflowing air

ZL

Inflowing air

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202010001809 U1 [0004]

Claims (13)

Device for ventilating an interior, which regulates heat and moisture, characterized by the interior ( 11 ) with an outdoor space ( 12 ) connecting sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ), in which - an air flow generator ( 3 ), whose air flow direction is reversible, - in the air flow of the air flow generator ( 3 ) arranged heat and moisture storage ( 4 ), - sensors ( 51 . 52 ) for detecting the temperature (T) and humidity (F) of the air flow and - a control and regulating device ( 6 ), the input side of the sensors ( 51 . 52 ) emitted sensor signals (actual values) for the air temperature (T) and humidity (F) is acted upon and the output side of the air flow generator ( 3 ) is arranged, are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ) in one the interior ( 11 ) with the outside space ( 12 ) connecting wall opening ( 10 ; 101 . 102 ) can be used and removed from this. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ) is formed as a hollow cylinder and can be inserted and removed from a cylindrical wall opening. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ) polygonal, in particular rectangular or square, formed and in a polygonal, in particular rectangular or square, wall opening used and is removable from this. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow generator ( 3 ) consists of an axial fan with variable direction of rotation. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow generator ( 3 ) has a variable speed electronically commutated motor. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air flow generator ( 3 ) a control and regulation module ( 6 ), in particular a DDC control contains. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat and moisture storage ( 4 ) consists of a provided with capillaries, from the inflowing and outflowing room air (AL, ZL) through-flow ceramic element, a plate exchanger with air channels, rolled corrugated aluminum or hygroscopically coated glass fiber or clay elements. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the functional elements of the heat and moisture storage ( 4 ) are vapor-deposited with gold, silver or copper ions. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ) from the outside space ( 12 ) to the interior ( 11 ) - an air filter ( 7 ), - the heat and moisture storage ( 4 ), - a temperature sensor ( 51 ) and a moisture sensor ( 52 ), - the air flow generator ( 3 ) and - a protective grid ( 8th ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped housing ( 20 ) to the outside space ( 12 ) through a weather protection grid ( 9 ) is completed. Ventilation system for ventilating an interior, which regulates the heat and humidity, characterized by two spaced-apart, ventilating devices (FIG. 21 . 22 ). Ventilation system according to claim 12, characterized in that the spaced apart ventilation devices ( 21 . 22 ) in opposite outer walls ( 1 ) of the interior ( 11 ) are arranged.

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