DE202012007645U1 - Vehicle with a hollow shaft electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle with a hollow shaft electric motor (1), wherein the hollow shaft motor (1) has a stator (2) and a rotor (3) with a hollow shaft (4) and wherein the arrangement is such that the hollow shaft (4) for cooling the hollow shaft motor (1) at least temporarily with a cooling fluid (6) is flowed through.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle with an electric hollow shaft motor according to claim 1 and to an electric hollow shaft motor according to claim 23.

Electric motors today take on the most varied functions in vehicles. For example, it is known to equip an aircraft with an electric motor, which serves as a propulsion engine of the aircraft ( EP 1 736 406 A1 ). In the known aircraft, the electric motor in the front region of a two-wing aircraft is coupled to a propeller.

The electric motor of the known aircraft is regularly designed for a low weight. This means in the first place that the metallic parts of the stator and rotor are reduced as much as possible. This in turn means that the electric motor itself can not or only slightly cache the heat loss generated during operation. Therefore, care must be taken in the known aircraft by consuming cooling measures that the heat loss is dissipated immediately by the electric motor.

The invention is based on the problem of optimizing the known vehicle with regard to the dissipation of heat loss.

The above problem is solved with the features of claim 1.

Essential is the consideration to equip the vehicle with a hollow shaft electric motor having a stator and a rotor with a hollow shaft. It has been recognized that the hollow shaft interior of the hollow shaft motor provides an additional cooling surface, which allows effective dissipation of the heat loss of the electric motor. According to the proposal, the arrangement is made accordingly so that the hollow shaft for cooling the hollow shaft motor is at least temporarily flowed through by a cooling fluid.

With the proposed solution, the cooling of an electric motor can be increased considerably with simple structural means. This is the case in particular in that the heat loss arising in a rotor winding can be dissipated in a nearly direct way.

Depending on the application, numerous variants are conceivable for the cooling fluid. In a particularly easy-to-implement variant according to claim 2, the cooling fluid is a gas or a gas mixture, in particular simply air.

The proposed vehicle may be all types of aircraft, land vehicles and / or watercraft (claim 3). In particular, in the case of the aircraft, it is preferably according to claim 7, that the hollow shaft motor is drivingly coupled to a propeller. In this case, the propeller is preferably arranged on the outside of the hollow shaft, so that it leaves free the clear cross section of the hollow shaft for the flow of cooling fluid.

Depending on the application, different advantageous variants are conceivable for the flow through the hollow shaft with cooling fluid.

In the preferred variant according to claim 8, a flow generator, for example a compressor or fan system, is provided for generating the flow through the hollow shaft with cooling fluid. However, the variant according to claim 9, in which the hollow shaft is flowed through during driving by the airstream, wherein the airstream is the cooling fluid is structurally particularly simple and therefore cost-effective.

In the particularly preferred variant according to claim 11, it has been recognized that, on the one hand, a rotation of the hollow shaft can produce or assist a fluid flow of cooling fluid and, on the other hand, the fluid flow can generate or assist the rotation of the hollow shaft. Depending on the desired effect of the hollow shaft interior is equipped with a corresponding guide arrangement for the fluid flow.

Preferred embodiments for the guide arrangement are the subject matter of claims 12 and 13.

The claims 14 to 17 relate to particularly preferred embodiments, with which in particular the wind during driving can be used as a cooling fluid.

Basically, any kind of memory of electrical energy, preferably an accumulator, is provided for the electric motor, which in any case serves to buffer electrical drive energy. In the particularly preferred embodiment according to claim 22, an electric generator, and in a preferred variant, an internal combustion engine for driving the generator is provided, can be generated by the electric power for the electrical supply of the hollow shaft motor. The electric generator works here in the manner of a "range extender". In the event that the hollow shaft motor is a travel drive or a flight drive, the range of the vehicle can be increased accordingly.

According to a further teaching according to claim 23, which has independent significance, an electric hollow shaft motor, in particular of the proposed vehicle as such is claimed. All embodiments of the vehicle, in particular as far as benefits, embodiments and applications are concerned apply to the hollow shaft motor as such accordingly.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. In the drawing shows

1 a proposed vehicle designed as an aircraft,

2 the designed as a hollow shaft motor flight drive of the aircraft according to 1 .

3 the propulsion according to 2 in a sectional view taken along section line III-III and

4 the electrical supply line of the vehicle according to 1 ,

The vehicle shown in the drawing is equipped with an electric hollow shaft motor 1 equipped, which is designed here and preferably as a propulsion system. In the case of a land vehicle, it may be in the hollow shaft motor 1 to act on the traction drive. Basically, the hollow shaft motor 1 take over any functions. For example, the hollow shaft motor may be a component of a vehicle air conditioning system or the like.

3 shows that the hollow shaft motor 1 a stator 2 with a stator winding 2a and a rotor 3 with a rotor winding 3a having, wherein the rotor 3 a hollow shaft 4 assigned. The hollow shaft 4 is by means of a bearing assembly 5 rotatable relative to the stator 2 stored. The stator 2 is also connected to the vehicle.

The arrangement is now made such that the hollow shaft 4 for cooling the hollow shaft motor 1 at least temporarily with a cooling fluid 6 is flowed through. A synopsis of 1 to 3 shows that by the hollow shaft interior 4a flowing cooling fluid 6 a considerable cooling effect can be achieved.

In the cooling fluid 6 it can be any fluid. A particularly simple implementation is possible because the cooling fluid 6 a gas or a gas mixture. Here and preferably, it is the cooling fluid 6 to air, allowing the supply and removal of cooling fluid 6 is not a problem. Alternatively, the cooling fluid may be 6 but also a liquid, in particular a water-based liquid act.

The illustrated and insofar preferred vehicle is designed as an aircraft. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the aircraft is a buoyant aircraft. Incidentally, the aircraft is in the usual way with an aircraft fuselage 7 , with airplane wings 8th and with an aircraft tail 9 fitted. In principle, the aircraft may have a different construction than shown.

Preferably, the hollow shaft motor is used 1 in a manner to be explained as a flight drive of the aircraft. In addition, it may also be provided that the hollow shaft motor 1 as an electric generator application finds. This will also be explained below.

Basically, it can be in the hollow shaft motor 1 to act a rotary or AC motor, in particular a synchronous or asynchronous motor. Here and preferably, however, it is the case that the hollow shaft motor 1 designed as a brushless DC motor. It is also conceivable that it is the hollow shaft motor 1 is a brush DC motor.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is the hollow shaft motor 1 around a separately excited DC motor with excitation winding on the rotor 3 , The regularly high heat development in the field winding can be with the proposed solution on the hollow shaft 4 flowing cooling fluid 6 optimally dissipate.

A synopsis of 2 and 3 shows that the hollow shaft 4 here and preferably has a clear cross-section which is free of mechanical or electrical components. Thus, the cross section is perpendicular to the hollow shaft axis 10 meant. Due to the clear cross section, the flow of cooling fluid 6 without obstacles through the hollow shaft 4 flow through it. The clear cross section of the hollow shaft 4 if necessary, by an even to be explained guide 4b for the flow of the cooling fluid 6 be reduced.

In principle, the clear cross section may be a circular clear cross section. In a preferred variant, however, the clear cross section deviates from a circular area. For example, the clear cross section may be substantially annular.

In particular, in the latter case, it may be that through the hollow shaft 4 at least one mechanical component, in particular a shaft o. Like., Is passed, as far as the arrangement and design of the at least one mechanical component, the proposed flow through the hollow shaft 4 with cooling fluid 6 allows.

A synopsis of 1 to 3 can also be seen that the hollow shaft 4 here drive technology with a propeller 11 coupled and / or connected. The hollow shaft 4 thus provides the drive for the propeller 11 represents.

Particularly interesting in the illustrated embodiment is the attachment of the propeller 11 on the hollow shaft 4 such that the individual propeller blades 11a when viewed in the direction of the hollow shaft axis 10 not in the hollow shaft interior 4a protrude. Rather, the propeller blades protrude 11a from the hollow shaft 4 radially outward.

In particular, the propeller is 11 a ring-like carrier 12 associated with the hollow shaft 4 connected is. With the ring-like carrier 12 Again, the individual propeller blades 11a connected. The ring-like carrier 12 can be configured in one or more pieces. This type of attachment of the propeller 11 on the hollow shaft 4 is structurally comparatively simple and easy to assemble.

Of particular importance in the present case is the fact that with the above compound of the propeller 11 with the hollow shaft 4 always a clear cross section of the hollow shaft 4 is released, leaving the cooling fluid 6 as explained above by the hollow shaft 4 can flow.

In the flow direction of the cooling fluid 6 seen is the propeller 11 a flow nozzle 13 preceded by a laminar influx of the cooling fluid 6 supported. This is the Anströmdüse 13 essentially funnel-shaped with a hopper opening widening counter to the direction of inflow 14 fitted.

In principle, it may be provided that a flow generator, not shown here, for generating the flow through the hollow shaft 4 with cooling fluid 6 is provided. Here and preferably, however, it is the case that the hollow shaft 4 when driving by wind as cooling fluid 6 is flowed through. On a flow generator, for example, a compressor o. The like., Can therefore be omitted here. It is conceivable, however, that a flow generator is provided, in the event that the vehicle is in stationary mode, in which there is no corresponding wind.

To the cooling effect of the cooling fluid 6 to assist, is the Hohlwelleninnanraum 4a , in particular the local inner wall of the hollow shaft 4 , with at least one cooling fin 15 fitted. In the illustrated and so far preferred embodiment, the local cooling fins have 15 but still a very different foot action, namely the function of the fluidic interaction with the cooling fluid 6 ,

In general, it is preferably provided that the hollow shaft interior 4a is configured such that a rotation of the hollow shaft 4 a fluid flow of cooling fluid 6 essentially along the hollow shaft axis 10 generated or at least supported. For this purpose, the hollow shaft interior 4a , in particular the local inner wall of the hollow shaft 4 , with an above-mentioned guide arrangement 4b fitted. Basically, the hollow shaft takes over 4 thus the function of a turbine resulting from the rotation of the hollow shaft 4 generates a corresponding fluid flow.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the hollow shaft interior 4a is configured such, preferably with a guide arrangement 4b is equipped that a fluid flow of cooling fluid 6 essentially along the hollow shaft axis 10 a rotation of the hollow shaft 4 generated or at least supported. In this case, the hollow shaft 4 driven by the fluid flow, which may be advantageous in particular for the generator operation.

In the latter two cases, the phrase "substantially along the hollow shaft axis 10 '' in that the fluid flow in any case also axially relative to the hollow shaft axis 10 is aligned. This includes, for example, a fluid flow that spirals around the hollow shaft axis 10 runs with an axial flow component.

The guide arrangement 4a is with at least one here and preferably elongated guide element 16 equipped, extending substantially along the hollow shaft axis 10 extends. Hereby, according to the above explanation, it is meant that the extension of the guide element 16 in any case, an axial component with respect to the hollow shaft axis 10 having.

In which illustrated and so far preferred embodiment, it is such that the guide arrangement 4b at least one along a on the hollow shaft axis 10 aligned spiral track extending guide 16 having. Here is the guiding element 16 preferably designed as a conveyor spiral, which may possibly be more continuous.

For the shaping of the guide arrangement 4b Many variants are conceivable. In the illustrated and so far preferred embodiment, the guide arrangement 4b a number of vanes 16 , the web-like, in a first approximation radially inward from the inner wall of the hollow shaft 4 protrude. Here are the guiding elements 16 essentially formed like a sheet. In principle, it is also conceivable that the hollow shaft 4 integral with the guide assembly 4b is designed.

Interesting in the illustrated embodiment is the fact that the vanes 16 the guide arrangement 4b As indicated above, not only serve to guide the fluid flow, but also as cooling fins 15 act.

As also already mentioned, preferably the airstream when driving serves as a cooling fluid, which is the hollow shaft 4 flows through. For this it is, as in the 1 to 3 shown, provided that the hollow shaft 4 with the hollow shaft axis 10 essentially in the direction of travel 17 , here in the direction of flight 17 , is aligned. With a suitable design, the hollow shaft 4 be streamed directly from the wind.

In detail, it is proposed that the vehicle has a fluid inlet opening 18 for the entry of cooling fluid 6 , here for the entry of airstream, which, with the hollow shaft interior 4a communicated. Here and preferably it is the case that the vehicle has a fluid outlet opening 19 for the exit of cooling fluid, which also with the hollow shaft interior 4a communicated.

In the illustrated and so far preferred embodiment, the hollow shaft motor 1 designed and arranged so that the hollow shaft interior 4a in particular directly at the fluid inlet opening 18 is located and driving directly from the wind as cooling fluid 6 is flown. This is best the representation gem. 3 refer to. The advantage here is the fact that a kind of diversion of the cooling fluid 6 for reaching the hollow shaft interior 4a is not necessary, so that does not have to be reckoned with a loss of energy due to the deflection.

It is also conceivable that the hollow shaft interior 4a with the fluid inlet opening 18 via a fluid guide, not shown, preferably via a Fluidleitkanal communicates, wherein the fluid guide regularly a change in direction of the cooling fluid 6 generated. This makes it possible to use the hollow shaft motor 1 to be positioned anywhere in the vehicle and still with cooling fluid 6 to supply.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hollow shaft motor 1 integrated into an already present carrier component of the vehicle, the fluid inlet opening 18 and / or the fluid outlet opening 19 having. The carrier component is any component of the vehicle, in particular a body component that is suitable, the hollow shaft motor 1 take. For this purpose, the carrier component with corresponding stiffeners o. The like. Be equipped.

Advantageously, the vehicle here has an aircraft tail unit mentioned above 9 on, preferably both a rudder 9a as well as a tailplane 9b includes. The hollow shaft motor 1 is advantageously in the aircraft tail 9 , here in the vertical tail 9a , integrated. A synopsis of 1 to 3 shows that the vertical tail 9a the vehicle has a fluid inlet opening 18 for the entry of cooling fluid 6 having, with the hollow shaft interior 4a communicated. Such integration of the hollow shaft motor 1 into the aircraft tail 9 leads to an overall extremely compact and aerodynamically less disturbing arrangement.

But it is also conceivable that the hollow shaft motor 1 in an airplane wing 8th is integrated. Then it is preferable that the aircraft wing 8th a fluid inlet opening 18 for the entry of cooling fluid 6 in turn, with the hollow shaft interior 4a communicated.

Depending on the design of the vehicle, here of the aircraft, it can be provided that the vehicle has a separate from the vehicle body engine mount 20 comprising the hollow shaft motor 1 receives. Such an arrangement of the hollow shaft motor 1 is in 1 shown in dashed line in the sense of an alternative to the variant shown in a solid line. Here is the hollow shaft motor 1 with the propeller 11 in the direction of travel 17 seen at the height of the wings 8th arranged. This is particularly advantageous for the scope of the seaplanes, as a touch of the hollow shaft motor 1 including the propeller 11 is largely avoided with water.

Basically, the hollow shaft motor 1 through an energy store 21 , in particular by an accumulator 21 , are fed, which is charged outside of driving, ie in the stationary state. In order to increase the range of the vehicle, it may be advantageous to provide an arrangement in the manner of a "range extender". At the in 4 it is shown that an internal combustion engine 22 is provided, the drive technology with a generator 23 is coupled. The generator 23 directs the generator voltage to a controller 24 which if necessary converts the generator voltage and either the accumulator 21 or the hollow shaft motor 1 feeds. Of the Hollow shaft motor 1 So it's either via the generator 23 or over the accumulator 21 fed. The control 24 ensures in both cases for a corresponding control of the hollow shaft motor 1 ,

Basically, as indicated above, the hollow shaft motor 1 serve as a generator. When driving, the wind thus leads to a drive of the propeller 11 so that the accumulator 21 can be charged accordingly. In the illustrated aircraft this would be the case, for example, if the aircraft were in gliding mode, ie in a motor-free mode.

In the 4 The arrangement shown is particularly suitable for an aircraft, as the internal combustion engine 22 and the generator 23 can be arranged at any point in the aircraft. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that a mechanical drive connection between the internal combustion engine 22 and the hollow shaft 4 is provided so that, if necessary, a drive of the propeller 11 by means of the internal combustion engine 22 is possible. It is conceivable, finally, that the hollow shaft motor 1 , driven by the combustion engine 22 , works as a generator whose generator voltage as a charging voltage for the accumulator 21 serves.

According to another teaching, which has independent significance, the electric hollow shaft motor 1 claimed in particular for a proposed vehicle as such. All features with the associated advantages that have been explained for the proposed vehicle, can be advantageous to the electric hollow shaft motor 1 as such, without necessarily having to be provided for a vehicle.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1736406 A1 [0002]

Claims (23)

Vehicle with a hollow shaft electric motor ( 1 ), wherein the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) a stator ( 2 ) and a rotor ( 3 ) with hollow shaft ( 4 ) and wherein the arrangement is made such that the hollow shaft ( 4 ) for cooling the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) at least temporarily with a cooling fluid ( 6 ) is flowed through. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling fluid ( 6 ) is a gas or a gas mixture, in particular air, or that the cooling fluid ( 6 ) is a liquid, in particular a water-based liquid. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vehicle is an aircraft, a land vehicle and / or a watercraft, preferably, that the configured as an aircraft vehicle the components aircraft fuselage ( 7 ), Aircraft wings ( 8th ) and aircraft tail ( 9 ) having. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) serves as a traction drive and / or as a propulsion drive of the vehicle, preferably, that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) serves as an electric generator. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) is designed as a brushless DC motor, or that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) is designed as a brush DC motor. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft ( 4 ) has a clear cross section which is free of mechanical or electrical components, preferably that the clear cross section deviates from a circular area, more preferably that the clear cross section is substantially annular. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft motor ( 4 ) drivably with a propeller ( 11 ), preferably that the propeller ( 11 ) a clear cross section of the hollow shaft ( 4 ). Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a flow generator for generating the flow through the hollow shaft ( 4 ) with cooling fluid ( 6 ) is provided. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement is made such that the hollow shaft ( 4 ) in driving operation of airstream as cooling fluid ( 6 ) is flowed through. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) at least one cooling fin ( 15 ) having. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) is configured in such a way, preferably in such a way with a guide arrangement ( 4b ), that a rotation of the hollow shaft ( 4 ) a fluid flow of cooling fluid ( 6 ) substantially along the hollow shaft axis ( 10 ) generates or supports, and / or that the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) is configured in such a way, preferably in such a way with a guide arrangement ( 4b ), that a fluid flow of cooling fluid ( 6 ) substantially along the hollow shaft axis ( 10 ) a rotation of the hollow shaft ( 4 ) generated or supported. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide arrangement ( 4b ) at least one in particular elongate guide element ( 16 ), which extends substantially along the hollow shaft axis ( 10 ). Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide arrangement ( 4b ) at least one along a on the hollow shaft axis ( 10 ) oriented spiral track extending guide element ( 16 ), preferably that the guide arrangement ( 4b ) has at least one conveyor spiral, more preferably, that the conveyor spiral is designed to be more continuous. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft ( 4 ) with the hollow shaft axis ( 10 ) substantially in the direction of travel ( 17 ) of the vehicle is aligned. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle has a fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) for the entry of cooling fluid ( 6 ), which with the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) communicates, and / or that the vehicle has a fluid outlet opening ( 19 ) for the exit of cooling fluid ( 6 ), which with the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) communicates. Vehicle according to claim 15, characterized in that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) is configured and arranged such that the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) at the fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) is located and driving directly from the wind as cooling fluid ( 6 ) is flown. Vehicle according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) with the fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) via a fluid guide, in particular via a Fluidleitkanal communicates, preferably that the fluid guide a change in direction of the cooling fluid ( 6 ) generated. Vehicle according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) is integrated in a carrier component of the vehicle, the fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) and / or the fluid outlet opening ( 19 ) having. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle is an aircraft tailplane ( 9 ), in particular a vertical stabilizer ( 9a ), and that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) into the aircraft tail ( 9 ), preferably that the rudder ( 9a ) of the vehicle a fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) for the entry of cooling fluid ( 6 ), which with the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) communicates. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle has an aircraft wing ( 8th ) and that the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) in the aircraft wing ( 8th ), preferably that the aircraft wing ( 8th ) a fluid inlet opening ( 18 ) for the entry of cooling fluid ( 6 ), which with the hollow shaft interior ( 4a ) communicates. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle has a vehicle body and that the vehicle has a separate from the vehicle body engine mount ( 20 ), which the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ). Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electric generator ( 23 ) for generating electrical power for the electrical supply of the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ), preferably that an internal combustion engine ( 22 ) for the drive of the generator ( 23 ) is provided. Electric hollow shaft motor, in particular for a vehicle, in particular for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) a stator ( 2 ) and a rotor ( 3 ) with hollow shaft ( 4 ) and wherein the arrangement is made such that the hollow shaft ( 4 ) for cooling the hollow shaft motor ( 1 ) at least temporarily with a cooling fluid ( 6 ) is flowed through.

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