DE202011051979U1 - Switchable coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

Switchable coupling (1) between a drive element (2) and an output element (3), wherein the switchable coupling (1) has a coupling system (4) for frictional and / or positive connection between the drive element (2) and the driven element (3 ) and a preferably electromagnetic actuator (5) and a switching member (6) in operative proximity to the actuator (5) and at least one between the output element (3) and the switching member (6) arranged elastic actuating element (10), wherein the switching member (6 ) continuously between a starting position (7) via a central position (8) to an end position (9) is movable, wherein the switchable coupling (1) in the middle position (8) of the switching element (6) another state (open or closed) as in the starting position (7), and wherein the elastic actuating element (10) on the switching member (6) exerts a force in the direction of starting position (7) and wherein the actuator (5) on the switching member (6) only Krä fte in the direction of the end position (9) whose maximum value in each position, the force value of the elastic ...

Description

The invention relates to a switchable coupling according to the preamble of the first protection claim, which is arranged between a, for example designed as a pulley drive element and an output element, wherein the switchable coupling has a coupling system for a frictional and / or positive connection between the drive element and the output element and a preferably electromagnetic actuator and a switching member in operative proximity to the actuator and at least one arranged between the output element and the switching element elastic actuator, wherein the switching member is continuously movable between a starting position via a central position to an end position, wherein the switchable coupling in the center position of Switching member has a different state (open or closed) than in the starting position, and wherein the elastic actuating element on the switching member exerts a force in the direction of starting position and wherein the Actuator exerts forces on the switching element only in the direction of the end position, the maximum value in each position exceeds the force value of the elastic actuator.

Such preferably electromagnetically actuated clutches are known from the prior art. From the EP 1378677 For example, such a switchable coupling between a pulley as a drive element and a shaft as an output element. This switchable coupling also has an electromagnetic actuator whose force in the energized state, a switching element and other components of the clutch moves to each other so that they are brought into a positive engagement. In addition, this switchable coupling also has an elastic actuating element, which imparts a spring force against the force of the actuator to the switching element, so that after switching off the actuator, the spring force brings the switching element out of engagement with the other parts of the coupling. In the state "clutch = open", therefore, the actuator is not active in this switchable clutch and consumes no energy. In the state "clutch = closed", however, the actuator must be permanently active in this switchable clutch and then be energized as an electromagnetic actuator, whereby it consumes energy permanently.

Also from the DE OS 1 575 762 is known an electromagnetic gear coupling between a drive element and an output member. Also in this switchable clutch, the electromagnetic actuator for the switching state "clutch = closed" must be permanently energized. Due to the shape of the gearing, the required magnetic force can indeed be reduced, but not completely canceled.

From the DE 10331927 B3 a clutch actuator for a switchable clutch between a drive element and an output member is known. In this clutch, preferably for commercial vehicles, the clutch actuator does not act directly on an elastic actuator of the clutch, but on a transmission that reduces the force required in the clutch actuator to open the clutch. But even in this switchable clutch, the clutch plate consumes energy to keep the switchable clutch in the state "clutch = open". If the power supply to the clutch actuator is switched off, the elastic actuator ultimately also counteracts the force of the clutch actuator and switches the shiftable clutch to the "clutch = closed" state, as is known in principle from most starting clutches in vehicles.

From this state of the art thus results the first subtask to invent a switchable clutch that can hold the two switching states "clutch = open" and "clutch = closed" without supply and consumption of energy and whose actuator only to switch between the two Switching states consumed energy. A switchable clutch, which solves this subtask, goes out of the DE 10 2005 001 909 A1 out. This clutch has an elastic actuator that can take two stable forms as a bistable spring. A switchable clutch with such a spring can be designed so that the switching states "clutch = open" and "clutch = closed" are kept stable without supplying energy to an actuator. But to switch such a clutch but then an actuator is required, which can act in two opposite directions of force on the bistable spring. According to this prior art, the above-described object is to be completed to the effect that the switchable coupling is to be designed so that their actuator only has to apply forces in one direction, so that it can be designed as a single-acting preferably electromagnetic actuator. This enables simple principles of action and saves installation space and costs.

From the DE 10 2005 022 218 A1 is then still another relevant prior art known to an actuation system for a clutch switchable. This switchable coupling has an actuator which acts only in one direction on a switching member of the clutch and against the force of a resilient actuator. In the closed state, this coupling is held by an automatically locking locking mechanism, which has the principles of a roller or ball freewheel. To switch this switchable coupling from the switching state "clutch = closed" to the switching state "clutch = open", However, this clutch needs a second actuator to release the latch mechanism again.

The invention is therefore based on the object to realize a switchable clutch, which can hold the two switching states "clutch = open" and "clutch = closed" without supply and consumption of energy and whose actuator has to apply forces only to switch between the two switching states , and only in one direction. The switchable coupling according to the invention should also require no additional actuators or other actuators for any required latch for holding certain switching states.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of the first protection claim, wherein the switchable coupling between a drive element and an output element is arranged and has a coupling system for a frictional and / or positive connection between the drive element and the output element and a preferably electromagnetic actuator and a Switching member in operative proximity to the actuator and at least one disposed between the output member and the switching member elastic actuator, wherein the switching member is continuously movable between a starting position via a central position to an end position and wherein the switchable coupling in the middle position of the switching element another state (open or closed) than in the starting position, and wherein the elastic actuating element exerts a force on the switching member in the direction of starting position and wherein the actuator on the switching member only forces in the direction Endstellung exerts whose maximum value in each position exceeds the force value of the elastic actuating element, and according to the invention on the output element or connected to the output member parts, a bolt is rotatably arranged in the circumferential direction, but is held in the axial direction between a first bolt stop and a second latch stop, and that with the switching member or with the bolt, a torsion system is connected, having the first active surfaces which abut upon movement of the switching member from a position shortly behind the center position to the end position on first oblique mold elements on the bolt or first oblique mold elements on the switching member while biasing first resilient torsion and thereby rotate the bolt relative to the switching member by a first partial angle, and that the torsion second active surfaces, the au in a movement of the switching member from the end position back to the center position f second oblique shaped elements abut the latch or second oblique shaped elements on the switching element and thereby bias second resilient torsion and thereby rotate the bolt relative to the switching member by a second partial angle.

Thus, the coupling according to the invention is intended to have a latch which, in a manner to be described, locks a switching state or enables a switching operation. For this, however, the bolt must take different positions. In order not to require a separate actuator, the bolt is rotated as much as possible about the actuating axis of the switching member by a rotation system connected to the bolt itself or to the shift member by the movement of the shift member generated by the actuator.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the latch takes after a first movement of the switching member from the starting position to the end position and back to the central position in the circumferential direction a first relative position to the switching element, wherein in the middle position, the switching element with a contactor stop in the axial direction of action on a Bolt stop hits the bar. The bolt also has second positive locking elements and the switching member also has second positive locking elements which engage in this middle position and fix this first relative position in the circumferential direction.

In a first actuation of the actuator, this acts with a force on the switching member, which is displaced against the force of the elastic actuating element in the axial direction from a starting position to an end position, while the bolt is rotated by a first partial angle. Thereafter, the actuator is deactivated and the elastic actuator moves the switching member back to the center position. The bolt is rotated by a second partial angle. Now, the bolt is in such a relative position to the switching element, that the switching element with a contactor stopper strikes a first bolt stop of the bolt. In order for a further movement of the switching element is locked in the direction of the starting position. Prevent second positive locking elements on the bolt and on the switching element, which changes this relative position in the circumferential direction between the bolt and switching element, for example, as a result of vibrations in the switchable coupling by itself.

In order to ensure that after a renewed activation of the actuator, the switching element can be moved to the starting position, the bolt has locking grooves. After a second movement of the switching member from the middle position to the end position and back to the center position, the bolt takes in the circumferential direction a second relative position to the switching element, in which from the middle position, the switching element with all its features unhindered by the locking grooves in the bar can drive through, up to the starting position, in which the switching element meets a start stop. In addition, the latch third form-locking securing elements of the bolt and the switching element third positive locking elements of the switching element, which are in this second relative position in each axial position of the switching member between the center position and the starting position with each other and thus fix this relative position in the circumferential direction ,

Thus, after each actuation of the actuator and the consequent movement of the switching member from the middle position to the end position and the subsequent return movement to the middle position after switching off the actuator, the first and the second relative position in the circumferential direction between switching element and latch alternate, the invention provides that the first relative position and the second relative position between switching element and latch in the circumferential direction are offset by a pitch angle and that the first partial angle and the second partial angle together give this pitch angle and that this pitch angle is an even partial angle of 360 °. Preferably, the first partial angle and the second partial angle are the same size and thus half the size of the pitch angle.

The cyclic rotation of the bolt to the switching member is effected by a first partial rotation about the first partial angle in the movement of the switching member from the central position to the end position and by a second partial rotation by the second partial angle in the movement of the switching member from the end position to the middle position. Thus, the bolt after the second partial rotation in the next movement of the switching member from the center position to the end position is not rotated back by the same second angle part, the invention provides that when the switching member is in the middle position, the first active surfaces of the torsion out of engagement with the switching element or the latch and thereby the first resilient torsion elements are relaxed. Thus, the bolt after the first partial rotation in the next movement of the switching member from the end position to the center position is not rotated back by the same first partial angle back, according to the invention provides that when the switching element is in the end position, the second active surfaces of the torsion out of engagement with the switching element or the bolt and thereby the second resilient torsion elements are relaxed.

A geometric condition for correct cyclical rotation is also that the pitch angle between the first positive locking elements and the second positive locking elements on the switching element minus the offset angle between the first positive locking elements and the second positive locking elements on the bolt plus the first partial angle or minus the second partial angle is an integer multiple of the pitch angle between the first relative position and the second relative position.

Finally, it is inventively provided that, when the switching element is in the end position, first positive locking elements on the bolt with the first positive locking elements on the switching element engage and fix the relative position of the switching element and latch in this switching position in the circumferential direction. It is ensured by the various securing elements that, after the torsions about certain part angles and during the relaxing of resilient torsion elements, the bolt for the shifting element does not move by itself, for example as a result of vibrations and vibrations in the shiftable clutch.

The invention is not limited to the features of its claims. Conceivable and provided are also possible combinations of individual claim characteristics and possible combinations of individual claim characteristics with the disclosed in the advantages and to the exemplary embodiments.

The invention also relates, in particular, to solutions which have the same effect according to the prior art, some of which have already been described in the exemplary embodiments.

Three variants of the switchable coupling according to the invention are exemplary in the 1 to 20 illustrated and explained with respect to the arrangement of the coupling elements and their operation.

Here are the refer 1 to 12 to a first embodiment with gear coupling and friction clutch, which is described in detail here.

Show:

1 an overall view with first details of the first embodiment of the switchable coupling according to the invention,

2 further details of the first embodiment,

3 Details of the switching element and the associated twisting system,

4 more details about the bar,

5 further details about the switching system,

6 further details on the elastic actuator,

7 the position of a stop for the elastic actuating element on the switching element,

8th the switchable coupling in start position, middle position and end position,

9 in a schematic representation of the switching element including twisting relative to the bolt in the starting position, middle position and end position,

10 Further details of the switching element, the bolt and the torsion system of the first embodiment and the interaction of these parts,

11 a sequence of relative positions between switching element, bolt, twisting system during the adjustment from the locked center position to the starting position,

12 a sequence of relative positions between switching element, bolt, twisting system in the adjustment of the starting position to the locked center position.

The 13 to 16 refer to a second embodiment of the switchable clutch according to the invention with gear coupling and lock synchronization,

Show:

13 a full section through the second embodiment for the identification of the most important components,

14 further details of the second embodiment,

15 a schematic representation of how the switching element, the latch and the torsion system of the second embodiment interact,

16 a sequence of relative positions between switching element, latch and twisting system in the adjustment of the locked center position to the starting position.

The 17 to 20 refer to a third embodiment of the switchable coupling according to the invention with a double-acting friction clutch.

Show:

17 a full section through the third embodiment for the identification of the most important components,

18 further details of the third embodiment,

19 a schematic representation of how the switching element, the latch and the torsion system of the third embodiment cooperate,

20 a sequence of relative positions between switching element, latch and twisting system in the adjustment of the locked center position to the starting position.

1 shows a first embodiment of the switchable coupling according to the invention 1 , It acts here between a running as a pulley drive element 2 and an output element designed as an output shaft 3 , 2 shows the same embodiment in a simplified schematic representation to more clearly explain the arrangement of the components and their interaction.

This switchable clutch 1 can be used in this form for switchable drive, for example, an air conditioning compressor in a vehicle. To reduce fuel consumption, an air conditioning compressor should only be able to be coupled to the belt drive for ancillaries when needed. In many operating situations, however, the air conditioning compressor can be switched off and stopped when the clutch is open. The switchable clutch should be designed so that it must be actively operated only for the switching with auxiliary power, but then holds itself in both switching states, "clutch = open" and "clutch = closed".

The switchable clutch 1 includes an electromagnet 50 as an actuator 5 , Alternatively, here also a hydraulic actuator is possible, which acts in the same direction of force. The actuator 5 sits in a housing 0 on which the drive element 2 is stored.

The coupling system 4 This switchable clutch includes on the one hand, in 2 on the left side, a friction clutch for synchronizing drive element 2 and output element 3 and on the other hand, in 2 on the right side, a toothed coupling for the permanent coupling of drive element 2 and output element 3 without additional load on the actuator. These two coupling parts are known in principle from the prior art.

The friction clutch, on the left in 2 , Among other things, includes a fixed to the drive element 2 connected clutch plate 40 and one to the switching member 6 belonging friction plate 41 , The gear coupling, on the right in 2 , includes one with the drive element 2 firmly connected shift toothing 42 and one with the switching element 6 connected coupling sleeve 43 ,

The existing of several firmly interconnected parts switching element 6 is axially movable within the shiftable clutch and can in all axial positions torque on the output member 3 transfer. For this purpose, as in 2 shown an elastic actuator 10 provided in this embodiment, as in 6 shown in detail, from a stamped spring plate 45 consists of holding arms 46 that with an outer edge 47 in communication, fixed to the switching element 6 connected is. On an inner edge 48 it is with a sleeve carrier 38 connected, via a spline connection with the output element 3 is in a rotationally fixed engagement and in the axial direction via retaining rings or alternatively a screw on the output member 3 is held. The two edges 47 and 48 of the spring plate 45 are over elastic spokes 49 connected with each other.

The elastic actuator 10 applies to the switching element 6 an axial force, in 2 to the right, out, which is the coupling sleeve 43 in the direction of engagement with the shift toothing 42 suppressed. The force of the preferably magnetic actuator 5 counteracts this and pulls the friction plate 41 against the clutch plate 40 ,

The 8a to 8c show this switchable coupling 1 in three different positions 7 . 8th and 9 , which is due to the axial position of the switching element 6 and the deformation state of the elastic actuator 10 differ. In 8a becomes the switching element 6 through the actuator 5 against the axial force of the elastic actuator 10 to the left into an end position 9 pulled, so that the friction clutch is active. In 8b is the switching element 6 in a middle position 8th in which neither the friction clutch nor the gear coupling are active. In 8c is the switching element 6 in a starting position 7 in which the toothed clutch is closed and a torque from the drive element 2 over the gearing 42 and the coupling sleeve 43 , the elastic actuating element 10 and the sleeve carrier 38 to the output element 3 is transmitted.

With the features of the switchable coupling according to the invention 1 the goal is achieved by first activating the actuator 5 the switching element 6 from the middle position 8th in the final position 9 to move and after disabling the actuator 5 the return movement of the switching element 6 by the axial force from the elastic actuator 10 to the starting position 7 to enable. At the next activation of the actuator 5 becomes the switching element 6 first back to the end position 9 then after deactivating the actuator 5 the movement of the switching element 6 again in the middle position 8th to limit.

This is how in 2 to see a rotatable in the circumferential direction latch 11 provided, as well as in 10 is shown, in the axial direction by a first stop 12 and a second stop 13 on the sleeve carrier 38 is held.

Due to the repeated axial movement of the switching element 6 as a result of activation of the actuator 5 and by a in this embodiment with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 The bar is in cyclic order in such relative positions 16 and 18 to the switching element 6 twisted that once the axial movement of the switching element 6 as a result of the axial force from the elastic actuator 10 in the middle position 8th is limited and that the next time the axial movement of the switching element 6 to the starting position 7 is possible.

To achieve this, the bolt has 11 like this in 4 shown is several short latch teeth 52 and several long bar teeth 53 , where the short latch teeth 52 to the long bar teeth 53 in each case one pitch angle 20 are offset. The long bolt teeth 53 are in the radial direction slightly further from the main body of the bolt 11 out and form the front each a bolt stop 15 , Against these bolt stops 15 can the switching element 6 with contactor stops 14 strike to the movement of the switching element 6 in the middle position 8th to limit. Like in the 3 represented are these contactor stops 14 in this embodiment on radial, inwardly facing stop teeth 51 at the with the switching element 6 connected friction plate 41 ,

In the 3 . 5 and 10 are the details of this embodiment with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 shown. The main element of the twisting system 23 is one in the 5a and 5b illustrated elastic twist 54 with several associated spring tongues 55 as resilient torsion elements 25 and 29 as well as with bevelled end pieces 56 as a carrier of the active surfaces 24 and 28 of the twisting system 23 , The spring tongues 55 for the resilient torsion elements 25 with the sloping active surfaces 24 are to the spring tongues 55 for the resilient torsion elements 29 with the sloping active surfaces 28 by a pitch angle of the active surfaces 57 arranged offset in the circumferential direction to each other. The bevelled end pieces 56 with the active surfaces 24 of the twisting system 23 and the beveled Tails 56 with the active surfaces 28 of the twisting system 23 are to the main plane of the twister 54 inclined in the opposite direction.

From the 9 to 12 is the interaction of the with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 with the latch 11 clear. In these figures, the switching element 6 including the associated elastic twist 54 with its spring tongues 55 and tails 56 shown functionally, as a U-shaped part with attached resilient torsion elements 25 and 29 as well as the active surfaces of the twisting system 24 and 28 , The bolt 11 is between the axial stops 12 and 13 guided. On the bar are the bolt teeth 52 and 53 with their different tooth lengths as each outlined and filled elements, as well as in 4 shown to recognize.

In the 9b and 10 is the switching element 6 with the twisting system 23 in the middle position 8th , The switching element 6 pushes with its contactor stop 14 in front of the bolt stop 15 on a long bolt tooth 53 and thus prevents disengagement of the switching element 6 in the starting position 7 , The resilient torsion elements 29 with the sloping active surfaces 28 are in locking grooves between two locking teeth 52 and 53 indented force-free. These locking teeth form here second positive locking elements 34 on the bolt, in this position with second positive locking elements 35 engage on the switching member, in this embodiment of the end faces of the oblique end pieces for the active surfaces 28 be formed. The resilient torsion elements 25 with the sloping active surfaces 24 lie outside the bar without force from the other side 11 , here in front of a short bolt tooth 52 ,

The 9a respectively. 9c show the engagement situations between the switching element 6 with twisting system 23 and the bar 11 in the final position 9 of the switching element 6 or in the starting position 7 of the switching element.

The 11a to 11f show the sequence of relative positions between the switching element 6 with twisting system 23 and the bar 11 between its axial stops. In 11a is the switching element 6 in the switching center position 8th , as well as in the 9b and 10 , By activation of the actuator 5 becomes the switching element 6 against the force from the elastic actuator 10 moved to the left until 11b the oblique effective surfaces 24 on the resilient torsion elements 25 on bolt teeth, here short bolt teeth 52 to meet. The resilient torsion elements 29 with the sloping active surfaces 28 are then still as a second positive locking elements 35 of the switching element 6 in engagement with the second positive locking elements formed by the two adjacent locking teeth 34 on the bolt, in such a way that the forces of the oblique active surfaces 24 on first oblique shaped elements 26 at the bar 11 , here the edges on short lock teeth 52 , the bolt is not yet in the circumferential direction, in 11 down, can twist.

Upon further displacement of the switching element 6 towards switching end position 9 become the resilient torsion elements 25 further burdened. This also increases the lateral force on the second positive locking elements 34 and 35 , To the associated spring tongues (second resilient torsion elements 29 and second active surfaces 28 ) to be able to move against the frictional force in contact with the locking teeth out, these spring tongues by an axial stop 59 on the spring plates 45 prevented from further rebound. Out 6 goes out like the axial stops 59 for these spring tongues ( 29 and 28 ) by punching out of the spring plate 45 for the elastic actuator 10 be won.

In 11c and 9a is the switching element 6 by the force from the actuator 5 to the end position 9 been moved. Here are the resilient torsion elements 29 including the oblique effective surfaces 28 completely out of the bar 11 pulled out. The forces on the previously biased resilient torsion elements 25 can now over the oblique effective surfaces 24 so on the oblique features 26 at the bar, here at the short bar teeth 52 , act, that the bolt in the circumferential direction, in 11c down to a first partial angle 21 is twisted. This allows the resilient torsion elements 25 including active surfaces 24 completely between two bar teeth 52 and 53 retract. The front sides of the oblique end pieces for the active surfaces 24 here form the first positive locking elements 33 on the switching element 6 and the locking teeth form second positive locking elements 32 on the bolt, which in this axial relative position interlocked so that the bolt 11 can not be moved further in the circumferential direction.

The geometric condition for the correct contact between the active surfaces 24 of the with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 and the oblique features 26 On the bolt in this embodiment is that the pitch angle 57 between the first positive locking elements 33 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 plus the first partial angle 21 or minus the second partial angle 22 an integer multiple of the pitch angle 20 between the relative positions 16 and 18 is. It should be noted here that the offset angle 44 between the first positive locking elements 32 and the second positive locking elements 34 at the bar 11 Zero is because these are formed by coaxial grooves in the bar.

Will now be the actuator 5 deactivated, acts on the switching element 6 in the axial direction, only the force from the elastic actuator 10 to the switching element 6 towards the starting position 7 to move. In 11d is shown that while the previously relaxed first resilient torsion elements 25 by an axial stop 58 on the coupling sleeve 43 without further rebound from the bar 11 can be pulled out. This stop 58 is how in 7 shown, a stop surface on the coupling sleeve 43 ,

The second active surfaces 28 of the twisting system 23 that with the second resilient torsion elements 29 are connected, come with this movement of the switching element 6 in contact with second oblique features 30 at the bar, here at the long bar teeth 53 of the bolt, and are thereby biased. In order to allow the resilient torsion elements sufficient spring travel, the coupling sleeve adjoining here in this embodiment variant has local recesses which are located in the 3b and 7 can be seen.

The resilient torsion elements 25 with the sloping active surfaces 24 and the first positive locking elements formed thereby 33 but then still be in lateral contact with the first positive locking elements on the switching element 32 at the bar 11 , in such a way that the forces of the oblique active surfaces 28 on the oblique shape elements 30 at the bar 11 not yet in the circumferential direction, in 11d down, can twist. Upon further displacement of the switching element 6 in the direction of shift start position 7 become the resilient torsion elements 29 further burdened. This also increases the lateral force on the first positive locking elements 32 and 33 ,

Once, as in 11e shown, the spring tongues with the oblique end pieces for the active surfaces 24 and the second positive locking elements on the switching element 35 completely out of the bar 11 are disengaged, the force of the oblique active surfaces 28 on the second oblique shape elements 30 at the bar 11 , here at the long bar teeth 53 the bolt 11 in the circumferential direction, in 11e down, continue to a second partial angle 22 Twist until the oblique end pieces with the active surfaces 28 and first positive locking elements 33 completely retracted into the locking grooves between two locking teeth. In this relative position 18 between the switching element 6 and the bar 11 now hits the switching element 6 with its contactor stop 14 on the stop tooth 51 not on a latch stop 15 on a long bolt tooth 53 but it passes over the short locking teeth 52 and passes through a locking groove formed by two adjacent long locking teeth 17 (please refer 4 ), so that the switching element 6 from the elastic actuator 10 to the starting position 7 can be pulled. The oblique end pieces come with the active surfaces 28 and first positive locking elements 33 again disengaged with the bolt 11 , To an unwanted further twisting of the bolt 11 in the circumferential direction relative to the switching element 6 to avoid has the switching element 6 third positive locking elements 37 , here in the form of a safety tab 60 on with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 , which in this switching state between two long locking teeth 53 engages, here third positive locking elements 36 form at the bar. Alternative to the securing tab 60 could also include a retaining fork one of the locking teeth.

In the starting position 7 becomes the movement of the switching element 6 through one, in 2 shown, stop 19 limited, in this embodiment on a cover plate 39 that sits the shiftable clutch 1 closes and protects.

The 12a to 12f show the sequence of switching positions when the switching element 6 by activation of the actuator 5 again from the starting position 7 in the final position 9 is moved. This is the bar 11 around a first partial angle 21 twisted. After deactivation of the actuator, in turn, only the force of the elastic actuating element acts 10 in the axial direction on the switching element 6 and pull this again towards the starting position 7 , This is the bar 11 still further to a second partial angle 22 twisted so that the switching element 6 with the contactor stops 14 on the stop teeth 51 again in front of the bolt stops 15 on the long bar teeth 53 encounters. This will cause the movement of the switching element 6 again in the middle position 8th limited.

13 shows a second embodiment of the switchable coupling according to the invention 1 , It also acts here between a designed as a pulley drive element 2 and an output element designed as an output shaft 3 , 14 shows further details of this embodiment.

The switchable clutch 1 has an actuator again 5 , preferably an electromagnet 50 , Alternatively, a hydraulic actuator is also possible here. The actuator is again in a housing 0 , on which again the drive element 2 is stored. The coupling system 4 This shiftable clutch includes a toothed clutch with locking synchronization, as in principle of passenger car Manual transmissions ago is known. In 13 the clutch system is shown in the switching position "clutch = open". This is the switching element 6 this embodiment in the starting position 7 , To the clutch in the in 13 shown starting position 7 To hold, the clutch has a first elastic actuator 10a in the form of a slotted disc spring, which, as in 14 shown the coupling sleeve 43 against the sleeve carrier 38 presses and thereby on a spring support 63 supported. The sleeve carrier 38 is via a spline connection with the output element 3 engaged and is held in the axial direction via a snap ring (alternatively a screw). At the coupling sleeve 43 is a second elastic actuator 10b , also in the form of a slotted plate spring, fixed with bias. This second elastic actuator 10b engages with its slotted ends in a retaining ring 68 which is in grooves of several retaining lugs 69 on the switching element 6 is snapped. The switching element 6 protrudes into the inner diameter of the actuator 5 into it. Will the actuator 5 activated, then the switching element 6 in the 13 and 14 moves to the left and clamps the elastic actuators 10a and 10b ,

14 shows the upper half of the switchable coupling in the end position 9 , To clarify the operation, the connection point between the second elastic actuating element 10b and the switching element 6 also once again in the starting position 7 shown. In the starting position 7 is the first elastic actuator 10a maximum relaxed and the second elastic actuator 10b is biased on the coupling sleeve 43 at. This embodiment of the coupling according to the invention is then in the switching state "clutch = open". By activation of the actuator 5 becomes the switching element 6 moved to the left until the final switching position 9 , On the way from the starting position 7 to the end position 9 First, the first elastic actuator 10a deformed because the second elastic actuator 10b until reaching the preload force on the coupling sleeve 43 is applied. The coupling sleeve 43 is moved to the left. It takes about three, for example, on the circumference of the coupling sleeve 43 distributed spring plates 64 the synchronizer ring 65 with the locking teeth 66 With. As soon as the synchronizer ring 65 a friction cone 67 on the drive element 2 touched, twisted the synchronizer ring 65 by a few degrees within the game, giving him a corresponding groove in the sleeve carrier 38 allows, and comes in locked position. In this blocking position, the actuating force acts from the switching element 6 over the elastic actuators 10a . 10b and the coupling sleeve 43 and pushes it in front of the synchronizer ring 65 and this against the Reibkonus 67 , This results in a synchronization torque that ansynchronisiert the output-side components to the speed of the drive-side components. As soon as synchronous speeds of friction cone 67 and synchronizer ring 65 are reached, the synchronization torque disappears between these components. The coupling sleeve 43 can now on the tapered locking teeth 66 the synchronizer ring 65 Turn it back a little and through the locking teeth 66 slide through. After that, it hits the gearshift toothing rotating at the same speed 42 and intervene in this. The switching element 6 is then in the middle position 8th ,

After locking the coupling sleeve 43 in the gearing 42 becomes the switching element 6 even further to the left to the end position 9 emotional. The necessary actuating force is greater than the biasing force of the second elastic actuating element 10b , This leads to an elastic deformation of this second elastic actuating element 10b and thus to an energy storage in this element.

During its axial movement is the switching element 6 in a complex engagement with a bolt 11 but he can not shift in the axial direction, since he with little play between two axial stops 12 and 13 sitting.

15 illustrates the basic arrangement of switching element 6 , Bars 11 and twisting system 23 that in this embodiment elastic with the switching element 6 connected is. The switching element 6 has at least one by a first stop 71 and a second stop 72 circumferentially oriented guide groove. These stops limit the range of motion of a toothed ring 70 of the twisting system 23 , The toothed ring 70 is about the elastic spring elements 25 and 29 within the stops 71 and 72 guided.

The 16a to 16f show the sequence of relative positions between the switching element 6 with twisting system 23 and the bar 11 between its axial stops.

In 16a as well as in 15 , is the switching element 6 to the bar 11 in a first relative position 16 in the circumferential direction. The switching element 6 can in this relative position only up to a middle position 8th in the bar 11 engage, in which this embodiment of the switchable clutch in the state "clutch = closed" is. In the middle position 8th hits the switching element 6 with a contactor stop 14 on a latch stop 15 at the bar. The bolt 11 has second positive locking elements 34 who are in this middle position 8th with second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 engage. The bolt stop 15 and the second positive locking fuse elements 34 at the bar 11 are partly from the same effective areas on the bar 11 educated. Likewise, the contactor stop 14 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 partly from the same active surfaces on the switching element 6 educated. Now move the actuator 5 the switching element 6 relative to the bolt towards the end position 9 , in the 16 to the left, the first active surfaces meet 24 of the with the switching element 6 elastically connected torsion system 23 on first oblique shaped elements 26 at the bar 11 and tension first resilient torsion elements 25 in front. The switching element 6 but can not yet against the bar 11 twist, there are still second positive locking elements 34 engage the bolt with second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element.

Only when, as in 16c shown, these second securing elements in the end position 9 Out of engagement, the first resilient torsion element can 25 relax while keeping the bar 11 opposite the switching element 6 around a first partial angle 21 twist. After twisting around this first partial angle 21 prevent first positive locking elements 32 at the bolt, which then with first positive locking elements 33 engage the switching member, another unwanted rotation. The geometric condition for the correct contact between the active surfaces 24 of the with the switching element 6 connected twisting system 23 and the oblique features 26 on the bolt is also in this embodiment that the pitch angle 57 between the first positive locking elements 33 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 plus the first partial angle 21 or minus the second partial angle 22 again an integer multiple of the angle of division 20 between the relative positions 16 and 18 is. It should also be considered here that the offset angle 44 between the first positive locking elements 32 and the second positive locking elements 34 at the bar 11 Zero is because these are formed by coaxial grooves in the bar.

After twisting around the first partial angle 21 stand the switching element 6 and the latch 11 in such a relative position that after deactivating the actuator 5 and in consequence of the forces from the elastic actuators 10a and 10b the switching element 6 with second active surfaces 28 of the twisting system 23 on second oblique features 30 at the bar 11 meets. Upon further axial movement of the switching element 6 in the direction of starting position 7 become second resilient torsion elements 29 biased and the bolt 11 to the switching element 6 around a second partial angle 22 twisted until the switching element 6 with first second 35 and then third positive locking elements 37 in first second 34 and then third positive locking elements 36 at the bar 11 intervenes. In this embodiment, the second and third securing elements are formed on the latch and on the switching member of the same active surfaces. This distinction is necessary only in comparison with the first embodiment.

The switching element 6 and the latch 11 stay in this second relative position 18 until the switching element 6 in the starting position 7 to a stop 19 for the switching element in the starting position 7 meets. This stop 19 is in this embodiment as a stop on the axially in the switchable coupling 1 fixed sleeve carrier 38 executed. The third positive locking elements on the bolt 36 at the same time form the bolt groove here 17 through which the switching element 6 with all its elements to the starting position 7 can slip through. In this starting position 7 is the shiftable clutch in this embodiment in the switching position "clutch = open". In the starting position 7 is the twisting system 23 with its active surfaces 24 back out of the bar 11 disengaged. The second resilient torsion elements 29 relax and the twisting system 23 comes again in a relative position to the bolt 11 in which, again, during a movement of the switching element 6 towards the end position 9 , first active surfaces 24 the twisting on first inclined form elements 26 to hit the bar.

When activated by activating the actuator 5 initiated next movement of the switching element 6 to the end position 9 again, first the first resilient torsion element 25 pretensioned and then the bolt 11 to the switching element to the first partial angle 21 twisted as soon as in the end position 9 the switching element 6 out of the bar 11 disengages and the resilient torsion element 25 can relax again.

After deactivating the actuator 5 pulls the elastic actuator 10 the switching element 6 back to the starting position 7 , The second active surfaces meet again 28 of the twisting system 23 on second oblique features 30 at the bar 11 , tension the second resilient torsion elements 29 before and twist the bolt 11 to the switching element 6 again at the second partial angle 22 , In the middle position 8th the switching element hits again with its switching element stops 14 on the bolt stops 15 that the axial movement of the switching member in the middle position 8th limit.

17 shows a third embodiment of the switchable coupling according to the invention 1 , Here again it acts between a drive element designed as a belt pulley 2 and an output element designed as an output shaft 3 , 18 shows further details of this embodiment. Also this switchable clutch 1 has a preferably electromagnetic actuator 5 , Alternatively, a hydraulic actuator is also possible here again. The actuator 5 sits again in a housing 0 on which the drive element 2 is stored. The coupling system 4 This switchable clutch includes a friction clutch with two friction surfaces, as it is also known in principle from the prior art. In the 17 and 18 is the clutch system both in the switching position "clutch = open" with the switching element 6 in the starting position 7 and in the switching position "clutch = closed" with the switching element 6 in the final position 9 shown.

As in 18 is shown, the friction clutch consists of the two clutch plates 40 that with the drive element 2 rotatably connected, and the two friction plates 41 , by means of two spring plates as the first elastic actuators 10a with a plate carrier 61 rotatably connected, preferably riveted, are. The plate carrier 61 is via a spline connection with the output element 3 engaged and is held in the axial direction via a snap ring (alternatively a screw). Between the two spring plates 10a stuck several spring lever as the second elastic actuators 10b , These second elastic actuators 10b grab again with their ends in a retaining ring 68 which is in grooves of several retaining lugs 69 on the switching element 6 is snapped.

The switching element 6 protrudes back into the inner diameter of the actuator 5 into it. If the actuator is activated, the switching element is in the 17 and 18 moves to the left and clamps the elastic actuators 10a and 10b , Because the spring lever 10b are designed so that they move during the movement of the switching element 6 towards the end position 9 down the spring sheets 10a spread apart and thus the friction clutch already in the middle position 8th of the switching element 6 shut down. The spring lever 10b but can be further deformed to absorb more energy until the switching element 6 the end position 9 reached. During its axial movement is the switching element 6 again in a complex engagement with a bolt 11 , but again can not shift in the axial direction, as he with little play between two axial stops 12 and 13 sitting.

19 illustrates the basic arrangement of switching element 6 , Bars 11 and twisting system 23 that in this embodiment elastic with the bolt 11 connected is. The bolt 11 has several guide grooves. In these guide grooves 73 engages a spur-toothed ring 75 of the twisting system 23 one. In this embodiment Axialfedern sit in the guide grooves 74 that the front-toothed ring 75 of the twisting system in 19 push right. The end-toothed ring 75 but the twisting system can be up to a maximum stop 62 out of the bar 11 be pushed out. This stop 62 is in this embodiment by a stop on the plate carrier 61 realized within the switchable coupling 1 is fixed in the axial direction.

The 20a to 20f show the sequence of relative positions between the switching element 6 with twisting system 23 and the bar 11 between its axial stops. In 20a as well as in 19 , is the switching element 6 to the bar 11 in a first relative position 16 in the circumferential direction. The switching element 6 can in this relative position only up to a middle position 8th in the bar 11 engage, in which this embodiment of the switchable clutch in the state "clutch = closed" is. In the middle position 8th hits the switching element 6 with a contactor stop 14 on a latch stop 15 at the bar. The bolt 11 has second positive locking elements 34 who are in this middle position 8th with second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 engage. The bolt stop 15 and the second positive locking elements 34 at the bar 11 are partly from the same effective areas on the bar 11 educated. Likewise, the contactor stop 14 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 partly from the same active surfaces on the switching element 6 educated. Now move the actuator 5 the switching element 6 relative to the bolt towards the end position 9 , in the 20 to the left, the first active surfaces meet 24 in this embodiment with the bolt 11 elastically connected torsion system 23 on first oblique shaped elements 27 on a front-toothed ring 76 of the switching element 6 and tension the axial springs 74 as the first resilient torsion elements 25 in front. The switching element 6 but can not yet against the bar 11 twist, there are still second positive locking elements 34 engage the bolt with second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element. Only when, as in 20c shown, these second securing elements in the end position 9 Out of engagement, the axial springs can 74 as the first resilient torsion elements 25 relax while keeping the bar 11 opposite the switching element 6 around a first partial angle 21 twist.

After twisting around this first partial angle 21 prevent first positive locking elements 32 at the bolt, which then with first positive locking elements 33 engage the switching member, another unwanted rotation. These first securing elements are in this embodiment, the teeth of the end-toothed rings 75 the twisting system connected to the bolt and 76 of the switching element, by the axial springs 74 be kept in touch.

The geometric condition for the correct contact between the active surfaces 24 the one with the latch 11 connected twisting system 23 and the oblique features 27 on the switching element 6 is in this third embodiment that the pitch angle 57 between the first positive locking elements 33 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 minus the offset angle 44 between the first positive locking elements 32 and the second positive locking elements 34 at the bar 11 plus the first partial angle 21 or minus the second partial angle 22 an integer multiple of the pitch angle 20 between the relative positions 16 and 18 is. In this third embodiment, this offset angle 44 greater than zero, since these security elements are not formed by coaxial grooves in the bar.

In this embodiment of the coupling according to the invention 1 It is also important that the pitch angle of both spur rings 75 and 76 is just as big as the pitch angle 20 , After twisting around the first partial angle 21 stand the switching element 6 and the latch 11 in such a relative position that after deactivating the actuator 5 and in consequence of the forces from the elastic actuators 10 the latch 11 with second active surfaces 28 of the twisting system 23 on second oblique features 31 on the switching element 6 meets. Upon further axial movement of the switching element 6 in the direction of starting position 7 become the axial springs 74 now as a second resilient torsion elements 29 biased and the bolt 11 to the switching element 6 around a second partial angle 22 twisted until the switching element 6 with first second 35 and then with third positive locking elements 37 in first second 34 and then third positive locking elements 36 at the bar 11 intervenes. Also in this embodiment, the second and third securing elements are formed on the bolt and the switching member of the same active surfaces. This distinction is, as already mentioned above, only necessary in comparison with the first embodiment. The switching element 6 and the latch 11 stay in this second relative position 18 until the switching element 6 in the starting position 7 to a stop 19 for the switching element in the starting position 7 meets. This stop 19 is in this embodiment as a stop on the axially in the switchable coupling 1 fixed plate carrier 61 executed. The third positive locking elements on the bolt 36 at the same time form the bolt groove here 17 through which the switching element 6 with all its elements to the starting position 7 can slip through. In this starting position 7 is the shiftable clutch in this embodiment in the switching position "clutch = open".

In the starting position 7 is the twisting system 23 with its active surfaces 24 again from the switching element 6 disengaged. The second resilient torsion elements 29 relax and the twisting system 23 comes again in a relative position to the switching element 6 in which, again, during a movement of the switching element 6 towards the end position 9 , first active surfaces 24 the twisting on first inclined form elements 27 on the switching element 6 to meet.

In this embodiment of the switchable coupling arise the first resilient torsion elements 25 from the interaction of the axial springs 74 with the oblique first active surfaces 24 of the twisting system, if this on the first oblique shaped elements 27 hit the switching element. The second resilient torsion elements 29 arise from the interaction of the same axial springs 74 with the second active surfaces 28 of the twisting system, if this on the second oblique shape elements 31 hit the switching element. Only in this embodiment can be generated in the circumferential direction by means of an axial spring over two active surfaces Verdrehmomente. When activated by activating the actuator 5 initiated next movement of the switching element 6 to the end position 9 again, first the first resilient torsion element 25 pretensioned and then the bolt 11 to the switching element to the first partial angle 21 twisted as soon as in the end position 9 the switching element 6 out of the bar 11 disengages and the resilient torsion element 25 can relax again.

After deactivating the actuator 5 pulls the elastic actuator 10 the switching element 6 back to the starting position 7 , The second active surfaces meet again 28 of the twisting system 23 on second oblique features 31 on the switching element 6 , tension the second resilient torsion elements 29 before and twist the bolt 11 to the switching element 6 again at the second partial angle 22 , In the middle position 8th the switching element hits again with its switching element stops 14 on the bolt stops 15 that limit the axial movement of the switching member in the middle position.

For the design of the switching element 6 , the tie 11 and the twisting system 23 Of all three variants and in particular the design of the active surfaces of the engagement elements of these parts, there are also other constructive solutions, all of which have the same effect on the basic function. This is summarized again the following:
The switching element 6 can with certain form elements in corresponding form elements on the bolt 11 penetrate, in a first relative position but only up to a middle position 8th and in a second relative position up to a starting position 7 , In the starting position 7 and in the middle position 8th has the switchable Clutch different clutch states (open or closed). During a movement of the switching element 6 relative to the bar 11 from the middle position 8th to the end position 9 provides a twisting system 23 for the rotation by a first partial angle 21 , Upon a return movement of the switching element 6 relative to the bar 11 from the end position 9 to middle position 8th ensures the twisting system 23 for further rotation by a second partial angle 22 , The two partial angles 21 and 22 together give the pitch angle 20 ,

The bolt 11 with the possibly associated Verdrehsystem never comes completely out of engagement with switching element 6 and the possibly associated twisting system 23 , He can not thus adjust himself or other external influences into an unwanted position.

Of course, it is immediately obvious to the person skilled in the art that the components described above can all be constructed from further individual parts, if this simplifies the manufacture of the components.

Likewise, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the various locking systems, consisting of switching element 6 , Bars 11 and twisting system 23 , which are exemplified in a variant of the switchable coupling, each also applicable to the other coupling variants.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

0

casing

1

switchable coupling

2

driving element

3

output element

4

coupling system

5

actuator

6

switching element

7

start position

8th

center position

9

end position

10

elastic actuator

10a

First elastic actuator

10b

second elastic actuator

11

bars

12

First axial stop for the bolt

13

second axial stop for the bolt

14

Switching element attack

15

latch stop

16

first relative position in the circumferential direction

17

locking notch

18

Second relative position in the circumferential direction

19

Stop for the switching element in start position

20

pitch angle

21

First partial angle

22

second partial angle

23

Verdrehsystem

24

first active surfaces of the twisting system

25

first resilient torsion elements

26

first oblique shaped elements on the bolt

27

first oblique shape elements on the switching element

28

Second effective surfaces of the twisting system

29

Second resilient torsion elements

30

Second oblique shape elements on the bolt

31

Second oblique shape elements on the switching element

32

first positive locking elements on the bolt

33

first positive locking elements on the switching element

34

Second positive locking elements on the bolt

35

Second positive locking elements on the switching element

36

third positive locking elements on the bolt

37

third positive locking elements on the switching element

38

sleeve carrier

39

cover sheet

40

clutch plates

41

friction plates

42

shift gearing

43

coupling sleeve

44

Offset angle between the first and second positive locking elements on the bolt

45

spring plate

46

holding arm

47

outer edge of the spring plate

48

inner edge of the spring plate

49

elastic spokes of the spring plate

50

electromagnet

51

Stop tooth on the switching element

52

Short lock tooth

53

Long bolt tooth

54

elastic twist

55

spring tongues

56

bevelled end pieces

57

Pitch angle between the first and second positive locking elements on the switching element

58

axial stop for first resilient torsion elements

59

axial stop for second resilient torsion elements

60

Locking tab on the switching element

61

plate carrier

62

Stop on the plate carrier

63

spring support

64

spring plates

65

synchronizer ring

66

locking teeth

67

friction cone

68

retaining ring

69

retaining lugs

70

Tooth ring of the twisting system

71

first stop in the circumferential direction in the switching element

72

second stop in the circumferential direction in the switching element

73

guide

74

axial spring

75

end-toothed ring of the torsion system

76

end-toothed ring of the switching element

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1378677 [0002]
• DE 1575762 A [0003]
• DE 10331927 B3 [0004]
• DE 102005001909 A1 [0005]
• DE 102005022218 A1 [0006]

Claims (8)

Switchable coupling ( 1 ) between a drive element ( 2 ) and an output element ( 3 ), wherein the switchable coupling ( 1 ) a coupling system ( 4 ) for a friction and / or positive connection between the drive element ( 2 ) and the output element ( 3 ) and a preferably electromagnetic actuator ( 5 ) and a switching element ( 6 ) in the vicinity of the actuator ( 5 ) and at least one between the output element ( 3 ) and the switching element ( 6 ) arranged elastic actuator ( 10 ), wherein the switching element ( 6 ) steplessly between a starting position ( 7 ) about a middle position ( 8th ) to a final position ( 9 ) is movable, wherein the switchable coupling ( 1 ) in the middle position ( 8th ) of the switching element ( 6 ) has a different state (open or closed) than in the starting position ( 7 ), and wherein the elastic actuating element ( 10 ) on the switching element ( 6 ) a force in the direction of starting position ( 7 ) and wherein the actuator ( 5 ) on the switching element ( 6 ) only forces in the direction of the end position ( 9 ) whose maximum value in each position the force value of the elastic actuating element ( 10 ), characterized in that on the output element ( 3 ) or on with the output element ( 3 ) connected parts a bar ( 11 ) is rotatably arranged in the circumferential direction, but in the axial direction between a first bolt stop ( 12 ) and a second latch stop ( 13 ), and that with the switching element ( 6 ) or with the bolt ( 11 ) a twisting system ( 23 ), the first active area ( 24 ), which upon movement of the switching member ( 6 ) from a position just past the middle position ( 8th ) to the end position ( 9 ) on first oblique shaped elements ( 26 ) on the bolt ( 11 ) or first oblique shaped elements ( 27 ) on the switching element ( 6 ) and thereby first resilient torsion elements ( 25 ) and thereby tighten the bolt ( 11 ) relative to the switching element ( 6 ) by a first partial angle ( 21 ), and that the twisting system ( 23 ) second active surfaces ( 28 ), which upon movement of the switching member ( 6 ) from the end position ( 9 ) back to the middle position ( 8th ) on second oblique shaped elements ( 30 ) on the bolt ( 11 ) or second oblique shaped elements ( 31 ) on the switching element ( 6 ) and thereby second resilient torsion elements ( 29 ) and thereby tighten the bolt ( 11 ) relative to the switching element ( 6 ) by a second partial angle ( 22 ) twist. Switchable coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the bolt ( 11 ) after a first movement of the switching element ( 6 ) from the starting position ( 7 ) to the end position ( 9 ) and back to the middle position ( 8th ) in the circumferential direction a first relative position ( 16 ) to the switching element ( 6 ), in the middle position ( 8th ) the switching element ( 6 ) with a contactor stop ( 14 ) in the axial direction of action on a bolt stop ( 15 ) on the bolt ( 11 ) and that the bar ( 11 ) second positive locking elements ( 34 ) and the switching element ( 6 ) second positive locking elements ( 35 ), which in this middle position ( 8th ) and this first relative position ( 16 ) in the circumferential direction. Switchable coupling according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bolt ( 11 ) Locking grooves ( 17 ) and that the bolt ( 11 ) after a second movement of the switching element ( 6 ) from the middle position ( 8th ) to the end position ( 9 ) and back to the middle position ( 8th ) in the circumferential direction a second relative position ( 18 ) to the switching element ( 6 ), from the middle position ( 8th ) the switching element ( 6 ) with all its form elements unhindered by the locking grooves ( 17 ) in the bar ( 11 ), to the starting position ( 7 ), in which the switching element on a start stop ( 19 ), and that the bolt ( 11 ) third form-locking securing elements ( 36 ) and the switching element ( 6 ) third form-locking securing elements ( 37 ), which in this second relative position ( 18 ) in each axial position of the switching element ( 6 ) between the middle position ( 8th ) and the starting position ( 7 ) engage with each other and the relative position ( 18 ) in the circumferential direction. Switchable coupling according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first relative position ( 16 ) and the second relative position ( 18 ) between switching element ( 6 ) and bars ( 11 ) in the circumferential direction by a pitch angle ( 20 ) and that the first partial angle ( 21 ) and the second partial angle ( 22 ) together the pitch angle ( 20 ) and that the pitch angle ( 20 ) is an even partial angle of 360 °. Switchable coupling according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, when the switching element ( 6 ) in the middle position ( 8th ), the first active surfaces ( 24 ) of the twisting system ( 23 ) out of engagement with the switching element ( 6 ) or the bolt ( 11 ) and thereby the first resilient torsion elements ( 25 ) are relaxed. Switchable coupling according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when the switching element ( 6 ) in the end position ( 9 ), the second active surfaces ( 28 ) of the twisting system ( 23 ) out of engagement with the switching element ( 6 ) or the bolt ( 11 ) and thereby the second resilient torsion elements ( 29 ) are relaxed. Switchable coupling according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pitch angle 57 between the first positive locking elements 33 and the second positive locking elements 35 on the switching element 6 minus the offset angle 44 between the first positive locking elements 32 and the second positive locking elements 34 at the bar 11 plus the first partial angle 21 or minus the second partial angle 22 an integer multiple of the pitch angle 20 between the first relative position 16 and the second relative position 18 is. Switchable coupling according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, when the switching element ( 6 ) in the end position ( 9 ), first positive locking security elements ( 32 ) on the bar ( 11 ) with first positive locking elements ( 33 ) on the switching element ( 6 ) and the relative position of the switching element ( 6 ) and bars ( 11 ) in the circumferential direction.

Images