DE202010006767U1 - Metallic seal - Google Patents

Abstract

Metallic seal having at least two metal layers, of which at least one metal layer forming an active layer (3) and at least one metal layer an insulating layer, wherein at least one passage opening for fluids (11) and at least two through holes for fastening means (17) pass through the at least two gasket layers, wherein in the at least one active layer (3) at least one elastic sealing element (13) is formed, which surrounds the at least one passage opening for fluids (11) and wherein an at least one insulating layer (5, 5-a, 5-b) existing insulation layer (5) extends beyond the outer edge (7) of the at least one active layer (3) at least on one side and in this region has a curvature (9), characterized in that the insulating layer (5) on the of the fluid passage opening (11) removed Side of and radially adjacent to the elastic sealing element (13) in the at least one active layer (3) mi least one-sided a thickness reduction (15) whose height H is less than the total height of the elastic sealing elements (13) and that the thickness reduction ...

Description

The The invention relates to a metallic seal with at least two Metal layers, of which at least one metal layer is an active layer forms and at least one metal layer an insulation layer. The seal also has at least one passage opening for Fluids and at least two through holes for Fastening means passing through the at least two gasket layers through rich. In the at least one active position is at least formed an elastic sealing element, which is the at least one Passage opening for fluids encloses and seals them off. At least one insulation layer is enough at least on an outer edge over the surface the at least one active layer out and has in this projecting Make a curvature on it, making it parallel out of the plane protrudes to the active position. The metallic seal meets so at the same time the actual sealing effect around the at least one Fluid passage opening and an insulation, in particular a heat and sound shielding effect.

Components that combine the sealing and insulating effect are known in principle from the prior art. So is out of the EP 1 561 927 A1 a seal / heat shield combination is known in which protrudes at least one layer of a soft material or metal-soft sandwich seal as a heat shield over the actual sealing area. In the seal no elastic sealing elements are formed. In addition, the seal has a limited field of application, in particular with regard to the temperature range.

Next will be in the US 6,318,734 proposed a metallic seal with fluid and fastener passages in which at least one metal layer is formed so that it forms a receptacle for a heat shield made separately from the seal. Alternatively, the bent-over area has passage openings, at which the heat shield can be screwed tight. The fluid passage openings are enclosed by beads, which, however, undergo no support in this arrangement and can be pressed virtually indefinitely. This leads to a strong restriction of the elasticity and to a rapid fatigue of the elastic sealing elements, so that the seal has a very limited springback and also can only maintain their function for a very limited duration. In addition, the construction is only suitable for single-layer seals.

Often be used in metallic gaskets in the hot gas area the elastic sealing elements of embossed small parts, z. B. knob-shaped, surrounding structures for provide an effective thickening of the gasket layer. These small-scale embossed However, structures often dig into the seal adjacent and to be sealed against each other components and damage this by it. Again, no permanent seal can be guaranteed become.

task According to the invention it is accordingly to specify a metallic seal, at the same time ensuring a sufficient sealing and insulating effect, doing so provides the greatest possible elasticity the sealing elements and their durability is an essential Requirement dar. On the one hand, the metallic seal is designed so Be that to any desired sealing gap height is customizable. At the same time but unnecessary material costs be avoided. In addition, the metallic seal may not to burial in the components to be sealed against each other to lead.

The Solution of this problem succeeds with the metallic seal according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

The Invention thus relates to a metallic seal with at least two metal layers, of which at least one metal layer is an active layer forms and at least one metal layer an insulation layer. By the at least two sealing layers extend at least one passage opening for fluids and at least two ports for fasteners, wherein in the at least an active layer formed at least one elastic sealing element is that the at least one through hole for Encloses fluids. The one from at least one isolation layer existing insulation layer extends at least on one side the outer edge of the at least one active layer addition and has a curvature in this area. Next, the insulation layer on the side remote from the fluid passage opening the elastic sealing element in the at least one active layer and radially adjacent to this at least one side a thickness reduction whose height is less than the total height the elastic sealing elements, so that the thickness reduction a grout protection forms for the at least one elastic sealing element. A complete compression of the elastic sealing element is thus avoided and the elastic sealing element can in one larger area spring back.

The region in which the active layer extends, thus constitutes the actual sealing function with the at least one molded elastic sealing element. In particular, the region of the insulating layer extending beyond the active layer assumes the insulating and insulating function. The at least one molded into the active layer, elastic sealing element is radially adjacent to the Di Ckenreduzierung the insulation layer in the region of lesser thickness, so that the resulting grading limits the adjustment or Verpressungsweg the elastic sealing element and thus increases its durability.

Prefers is the elastic sealing element as a bead in the at least one Formed active layer, where both U- or Π-shaped Full beading as well as Z-shaped half beads can be used can. While full-beading usually are mirror-symmetric and thus do not cause a height offset, Half-pitches are usually point-symmetrical and always take a height offset after himself. Multiple beads can in individual cases be beneficial, for reasons of space in general but not used.

In a first preferred embodiment, the metallic Seal an insulation layer of several, especially accurate two insulation layers, up. These are preferably immediate each other. The thickness reduction of the insulation layer is in this embodiment is preferred by recess a Isolation achieved in the area of lesser thickness. This means, the insulation layers of the insulation layer have a different Have extension, the partially recessed insulation layer extends over a smaller area here as the other insulation layer and not in the field of elastic Sealing elements protrudes, but in particular at a small distance ends to the foot of the foot. Nevertheless, a symmetrical distribution the height offset in a metallic seal with two Active layers with elastic sealing elements and two insulation layers too reach, this is adjacent to the other isolation situation a bend, so a step introduced. In mirror-symmetrical Structure of the active positions, the offset is preferably designed such that the cranked area is centered between these two layers or in the middle of the total height of the insulation layer in not recessed area comes to rest.

In a further preferred embodiment, the insulating layer the metallic seal only one insulation layer. Rejects that Seal only one active layer, so it is preferred if the thickness reduction the insulation layer only one side facing on its active position Page is provided. The same applies if several active layers exist are, but all arranged on only one side of the insulation layer are. On the other hand, are active layers on both sides of the insulation layer arranged, it is preferable that the thickness reduction of the insulation layer also formed on both surfaces. Especially it is preferred if the same on both sides of the insulating layer Number of active layers is arranged, the sum of the bead heights on both sides is the same and the thickness reduction of the insulation layer is essentially mirror-symmetrical.

The Total height of all superimposed beads is always larger in the unpressed state the thickness reduction of the insulation layer. With only one beaded Active layer, it is particularly preferred if the thickness reduction of Insulating layer is 10 to 65 microns less than the Bead height. With half beads are usually 10 to 35 microns sufficiently, while in full beads preferably with 20 to 65 microns is worked. Are several beads over each other arranged, the thickness reduction of the insulating layer should be higher, ideally higher by a factor of x, where x is the Number of stacked beads corresponds. The term "stacked Beading "means the arrangement of the beads in full corrugations directly on top of each other, but semi-can also be offset obliquely to each other, wherein the offset is not should be larger than a bead width.

preferably, the thickness reduction is concentric to the at least a bead or the superimposed beads. This ensures that circulating the same interaction between bead and deformation limiter takes place. on the other hand can it, for. B. at strongly over the area varying Stiffness of the components to be sealed against each other also advantageous be when the distance between beading and grading the thickness reduction not constant, but so varied that the varying stiffness is counteracted.

In similar Way, it is possible the extent of thickness reduction to vary circumferentially or the extent of the bend. This can different component stiffness or different strong heat loads in the adjacent components be at least partially offset.

Preferably keeps the grading a distance from the elastic sealing element to compensate for tolerances and the function of the elastic Not to impair sealing element. The distance between a Sick foot of an active layer and adjacent thickness reduction the at least one insulation layer is between 0.2 and 2 mm, with bending of the insulation layer preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Also leaves over a varying distance the spring behavior of the elastic sealing element topographically shape.

The area of reduced thickness of the insulating layer can be designed differently. In many cases, the thickness reduction will extend to the edge of the at least one passage opening for fluids, so that the insulation layer and the active layer (s) are substantially flush with one another s. In other cases, however, it is preferred if the edge of the insulating layer is slightly set back from the opening edge of the active layer (s). In both cases, the insulation layer runs without further changes in thickness from the gradation of the thickness reduction to the edge of the passage opening for fluids.

In some cases, preferably with only one insulation layer, However, the support of the beads is optimized when the Thickness reduction not to the edge of at least one through hole for fluids, but the insulation layer around this Edge around an annular portion, in which the at least one insulating layer the same thickness as in the area outside the range of thickness reduction.

The at least one active layer and the at least one insulating layer differ not only by the presence of elastic sealing elements in the active layer and their absence in the insulation layer, but also by the choice of material. Basically, metal sheets are used for both types of layers, with only steels or nickel-based alloys being used as the active layer (s). The active layer (s) will always have a higher tensile strength than the insulating layer (s). The tensile strength of the material of the active layer (s) is preferably greater than 1100 N / mm ² , in particular greater than 1300 N / mm ² , while that of the material of the insulating layer (s) preferably less than 900 N / mm ² , in particular less than 750 N / mm ² is. Furthermore, the active layer and the insulating layer also differ in their material thickness. While a material thickness in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.20 to 0.25, is selected for the active layer or active layers, the total thickness of the insulating layer is preferably somewhat greater. With several insulation layers, however, it is sufficient if a single insulation layer has a minimum thickness of 0.15 mm, preferably 0.3, particularly preferably 0.4 mm.

Further it is advantageous if at least one of the active layers at least on one of its surfaces partially or completely coated, in particular with a thermosetting binder containing coating. It is particularly preferred if at least the region of the elastic sealing elements, in particular if these are formed as beads, coated, wherein the Coating usually does not end at the bottom of the foot, but still at least half the bead width over the width of the bead protrudes. Often it will be the beads coated on both surfaces of the active layers, wherein while different or substantially the same coating thicknesses can be used.

The Insulation layer extends over at least one side the outer edge of the at least one active layer addition, often even more than just one outer edge. She points in this Area, ie outside the outer edge of the active position a curvature to conform to the geometry of adjacent components adapt or trouble-free between such components hindurchzureichen. In this area, the metallic seal only from the one insulation layer, so preferably a sheet metal layer consist. But it can also be additional non-metallic insulating layers in particular as a heat shield in this area serves. The term metallic gasket also closes such constructs.

in this connection on the one hand embodiments are preferred in which a temperature-resistant cardboard used with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm or in which pressed, binder-free particulate material used becomes. These insulating layers are preferably used then if there are two metal layers and the insulating material sandwiched between the metal layers of the at least two insulating layers can be. The particle-based insulation layer allows It's also about adjusting the thickness to local needs.

alternative Embodiments have proven to be advantageous in which, in addition to at least one insulating layer of sheet metal still one fiber-based insulation mat is present, the latter on the a heat source facing side of the insulation layer is arranged. The insulating layer preferably comprises glass fibers, Mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers.

Further it is possible that the insulating layer, although a curved Extension of the metallic seal forms, but the actual heat shield is attached as a separate part and thereby with this from the Main plane of the gasket cantilevered extension is connected.

The Invention will be described in more detail below with reference to drawings be explained. These drawings are only for the purposes of Illustration of preferred embodiments, without that the invention would be limited to these. In the Figures designate like reference numerals to the same parts, they are but not necessarily to avoid repetition the description of each embodiment explicitly called.

In The drawings show schematically:

1 in two partial images each a partial plan view of a metallic seal according to the invention;

2 in two partial images cross-sectional views of a metallic according to the invention Seal and the components to be sealed by them, wherein 2 B represents a rotated magnification;

3 a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a metallic seal according to the invention;

4 a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a metallic seal according to the invention;

5 a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a metallic seal according to the invention; and

6 in two sub-figures partial cross-sectional views of further embodiments of inventive metallic seals.

1-a shows a partial plan view of a metallic seal according to the invention 1 wherein the portion shown is via two passage openings for fluids 11 extends. In addition to these passage openings for fluids 11 are two through holes for fasteners 17 present, as well as further passage openings 12 , which pass through all layers of the metallic seal. Of these ports are only those for fluids 11 provided with elastic sealing elements, here as beads 13 in the highest active position 3 can be seen and the through holes 11 surrounded essentially concentrically. Below the active position 3 is an insulation layer 5 to recognize that over the outer edge 7 the active position 3 extends on all pages shown. However, extends in a small area of the through hole for fasteners shown on the right 17 the active position 3 over the outer edge of the insulation layer 5 , The insulation layer points outside the outer edge 7 the active position 3 a curved area 9 on, in addition to the actual curvature from the plane parallel to the active position has more curvatures resulting from the adaptation to adjacent components in the installed state. Outside the outer edge 7 the active position 3 , in particular in its curved area 9 the insulation layer can be designed in many ways, which is not discussed in detail in the illustration. While the embodiment of the 1-a in the relevant area only the insulation layer consisting of an insulation layer 5 has, is the insulation layer 5 in the embodiment of 1-b as insulating layer a fiber-based mat 10 adjacent. In a non-illustrated embodiment, a non-metallic insulation layer between two metallic insulation layers can be interposed, in particular when two in the active layer on each other resting insulation layers 5 available.

The design of the insulation layer in its adjacent to the active position area is made 2-a can be seen, which also the installation state of the seal 1 between two components 60 and 62 in non-compressed representation suggests. The components 60 and 62 are preferably selected from cylinder head, exhaust manifold, turbocharger, catalyst, exhaust gas recirculation and particulate filter. The sectional view of the 2-a corresponds essentially to the line AA 1 , It can be seen that the metallic seal a total of four active layers 3-a . 3-b . 3-c . 3-d of which in each case two on both sides of the insulating layer 5 forming insulating layer are arranged. The assets 3-a . 3-b . 3-c . 3-d adjacent and spaced to the edge of the fluid passage 11 one half bead each 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d on, as in particular from the detailed representation of the 2 B becomes clear, the rotated by 90 ° section A of 2-a - but without consideration of the adjacent components - reflects. The active layers or their beads are in pairs in each case a / b or c / d mirror-symmetrical to each other, but also mirror-symmetrical to the insulation layer 5 arranged. The insulation layer 5 has a step-like thickness change 15 on, focusing on the passage opening 11 opposite side of the beads 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d located. During the section 26 the isolation situation 5 that extends from the passage opening 11 over the area of the beads 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d and a little bit beyond the sickening feet 23-a . 23-b . 23-c . 23-d extends, has a height H2, it has in the farther from the passage opening for fluids 11 distant area 25 over a greater height H1. The reduction in thickness H from H1 to H2 is usually achieved by stamping. The area of greater height acts as a deformation limiter for the beads 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d because these can only be squeezed to the extent that they are on the area 25 rest. In the example shown, the change in thickness takes place 15 the insulating layer is substantially mirror-symmetrical, what the symmetrical arrangement of the beads 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d relative to the insulation layer 5 equivalent. Next is in 2 B recognizable that the insulation layer 5 over the outer edge 7 the assets 3-a . 3-b . 3-c . 3-d extends, a part of the curved area 9 is out 2-a seen.

3 shows for another embodiment of the invention, a partial cross-section, of its position in the metallic seal 1 the the 2 B similar. Here, however, the metallic seal has only two active layers 3-a . 3-c on, on opposite sides of the insulating layer consisting of an insulating layer 5 are arranged. Your beads 13-a . 13-c are relative to one arranged mirror-symmetrically, so that also the deformation limiter forming for these beads thickness change 15 the isolation situation 5 on both sides and essentially mirror-symmetrical.

Also the partial cross section, which in 4 is reproduced, represents a section of a metallic seal according to the invention 1 again omitting the representation of the curved part and again only half of the passage for fluids 11 surrounding area. As in the example of 3 has the embodiment of 4 over two active positions 3-a and 3-c whose beads 13-a . 13-c are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to each other. However, these beads are 13-a . 13-c now not executed as half beads as in the previous embodiments, but as a full beading. The insulation layer 5 consists of two insulation layers 5-a and 5-b where the thickness reduction 15 the insulation layer 5 from H1 to H2 by omitting the insulation layer 5-b in the area of lesser thickness 26 he follows. This is manufacturing technology easier than a stamping a single insulation layer, but requires further action in relation to the other layers. So has the further extending isolation layer 5-a adjacent to the thickness reduction, 15 , ie in the region of the edge of the insulation layer 5-b a bend 35 on, so the insulation layers 5-a . 5-b in their entirety substantially mirror-symmetrical to the center line M, which also has a symmetrical distribution of the deformation limiter on both sides of the insulation layer 5 and thus on both beads 13-a . 13-b , allowed. In addition to the bend 35 the isolation situation 5-a are also the two assets 3-a . 3c cranked in the same radial area, with the cranks 33-a . 33-c each have the same height as the crank 35 , The assets 3-a . 3-c are mirror-symmetrical to one another over their entire course, with the center line M of the insulating layer 5 forms the plane of symmetry. In the example shown, the thickness reduction corresponds to the insulation view 5 from H1 to H2 of the thickness of the insulation layer 5-b ,

5 puts one with the previous one 2 B . 3 and 4 in its arrangement in the overall part comparable section of a metallic seal 1 dar. The embodiment of the 5 differs from the previous one in that the active positions 3-a . 3-b only on one side of the insulating layer consisting of an insulating layer 5 are arranged. The assets 3-a . 3-b are here mirror-symmetrical with each other, but their one-sided arrangement requires a one-sided change in thickness 15 the isolation situation 5 to ensure optimum crimp limitation of the beads 13-a . 13-b to effect. As in the previous examples, the insulating layer protrudes 5 on the passageway for fluids 11 opposite side of the beads 13-a . 13-b over the outer edge 7 the assets 3-a . 3-b In addition, and forms in the other, not shown area a curved portion that serves as heat and / or sound insulation.

Also the partial cross sections of 6 correspond in their position within the metallic seal according to the invention 1 the previous partial cross-sections, here again only half is drawn, the position of the passage opening 11 is also characterized by an indication of their priorities. Unlike in the previous embodiments with four active layers 3-a . 3-b . 3-c . 3-d the active layers here are only in pairs on both sides of the insulating layer consisting of an insulating layer 5 mirror-symmetrical to each other, but the pairs are relative to the insulation layer 5 not mirror-symmetrical. Rather, both embodiments in the unpressed state ever a pair of active layers (each 3-a . 3-b ), in which the active layers in the immediate vicinity of the passage opening 11 touch, while the other pair of active layers (each 3-c . 3-d ) the contact takes place in the area remote from the passage opening. To limit the deformation is the insulation layer 5 thereby designed to have its greatest thickness H1 in its area furthest away from the passage opening, while in the area between the bead feet 23 . 23 ' - As well as on both sides of this area in each case a short distance beyond this - have a reduced thickness H2 and in their further course in the direction of the passage opening 11 go through at least one other area with a thickness H1. In the embodiment of 6-A There follows another area with thickness H2 and one with H1. The gradations serve in each case as a deformation limit for the beads 13-a . 13-b . 13-c . 13-d , Again the isolation situation is sufficient 5 over the outer edge 7 the assets 3-a . 3-b . 3-c . 3-d also forms a heat and / or sound shield in the curved area, not shown.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1561927 A1 [0002]
• US 6318734 [0003]

Claims (23)

Metallic seal having at least two metal layers, of which at least one metal layer is an active layer ( 3 ) and at least one metal layer forms an insulating layer, wherein at least one passage opening for fluids ( 11 ) and at least two through holes for fasteners ( 17 ) through the at least two gasket layers, wherein in the at least one active layer ( 3 ) at least one elastic sealing element ( 13 ) is formed, which is the at least one passage opening for fluids ( 11 ) and wherein one of at least one insulation layer ( 5 . 5-a . 5-b ) existing insulation layer ( 5 ) at least on one side over the outer edge ( 7 ) of the at least one active layer ( 3 ) and in this area a curvature ( 9 ), characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5 ) on the from the fluid passage opening ( 11 ) distal side of and radially adjacent to the elastic sealing element ( 13 ) in the at least one active position ( 3 ) at least one side a thickness reduction ( 15 ) whose height H is less than the total height of the elastic sealing elements ( 13 ) and that the thickness reduction ( 15 ) a compression protection for the at least one elastic sealing element ( 13 ). Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the elastic sealing element ( 13 ) is a bead, in particular a full bead or a half bead. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5 ) a thickness reduction on both sides ( 15 ) having. Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5 ) a substantially mirror-symmetrical thickness reduction ( 15 ) having. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two active layers ( 3 ), which on both sides of the insulating layer ( 5 ) are arranged. Metallic seal according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5 ) from two insulation layers ( 5-a . 5-b ), of which only one in the region of reduced thickness ( 26 ) enough. Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5-a ), which are in the range of reduced thickness ( 26 ), a bend ( 35 ) having. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height H of the thickness reduction ( 15 ) circumferentially around the passage opening ( 11 ) changes. Metallic seal according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the sum of the thickness reductions ( 15 ) of the insulation layer ( 5 ) is x times (10 to 65) μm smaller than the sum of the bead heights of the active layers ( 3 ), where x is the number of stacked beads ( 13 ) corresponds. Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the elastic sealing elements are half beads and the sum of the thickness reductions ( 15 ) of the insulation layer ( 5 ) is x times (10 to 35) μm smaller than the sum of the bead heights of the active layers ( 3 ), where x corresponds to the number of stacked half beads. Metallic seal according to claim 9, characterized in that the elastic sealing elements are full corrugations and the sum of the thickness reductions of the insulating layer ( 5 ) is x times (20 to 65) μm smaller than the sum of the bead heights of the active layers ( 3 ), where x corresponds to the number of stacked full beads. Metallic seal according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the thickness reduction ( 15 ) substantially concentric with the at least one bead ( 13 ) runs. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the region of reduced thickness ( 26 ) to the edge of the at least one passage opening for fluids ( 11 ) enough. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one active layer ( 3 ) of a steel having a tensile strength greater than 1100 N / mm ² , preferably greater than 1300 N / mm ² . Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one insulating layer ( 5 . 5-a . 5-b ) of the insulation layer ( 5 ) has a tensile strength of less than 900 N / mm ² , preferably less than 750 N / mm ² . Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one active layer ( 3 ) has a thickness of at most 0.3 mm, preferably at most 0.2 mm. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer ( 5 . 5-a . 5-b ) a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, more preferably at least 0.4 mm. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one active layer ( 3 ) is coated at least on one surface partially or over the entire surface. Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the coating is a coating with a thermosetting binder. Metallic seal according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the coating at least in the region of the beads ( 13 ) is available. Metallic seal according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the region outside the active layer ( 3 ) a non-metallic insulating layer ( 10 ) having. Metallic seal according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the non-metallic insulating layer ( 10 ) consists of a temperature-resistant cardboard with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm. Metallic seal according to claim 21, characterized in that the non-metallic insulating layer ( 10 ) consists of pressed particles and contains no binder.