DE202009012539U1 - Wastewater treatment facility - Google Patents
Wastewater treatment facility Download PDFInfo
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- DE202009012539U1 DE202009012539U1 DE202009012539U DE202009012539U DE202009012539U1 DE 202009012539 U1 DE202009012539 U1 DE 202009012539U1 DE 202009012539 U DE202009012539 U DE 202009012539U DE 202009012539 U DE202009012539 U DE 202009012539U DE 202009012539 U1 DE202009012539 U1 DE 202009012539U1
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009303 advanced oxidation process reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- -1 H 2 O Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ferric hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Fe+3] MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/343—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. containing antibiotics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3226—Units using UV-light emitting lasers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
- C02F2201/782—Ozone generators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
Einrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung, insbesondere zur Entfernung von organischen Schadstoffen, Schwermetallen und Pharmaka aus Abwasser, wobei
– ein erster Modul (M1) zur Durchführung eines AEOP-Verfahrens (advanced electrochemical Oxidation Prozess) kombiniert wird mit einem
– zweiten Modul (M2) zur Durchführung eines Elektrolyseverfahrens in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers und/oder mit einem
– dritten Modul (M3) zur Durchführung einer Oxidation durch Ozon.Wastewater treatment equipment, in particular for removing organic pollutants, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals from wastewater, wherein
A first module (M1) for performing an AEOP process (advanced electrochemical oxidation process) is combined with a
- Second module (M2) for carrying out an electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the wastewater and / or with a
- Third module (M3) to perform an oxidation by ozone.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung und findet insbesondere zur Entfernung von organischen Schadstoffen, Schwermetallen und Pharmaka Anwendung.The invention relates to a device for wastewater treatment and finds in particular for the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals application.
Advanced Oxidation processes (abk. AOP), im Deutschen auch als Erweiterte Oxidation bekannt, bezeichnet nach Wikipedia eine Reihe von Verfahren zur chemischen Aufbereitung organischer und anorganischer Stoffe in Abwässern durch Oxidation. Diese erfolgt bei der AOP mit Hilfe von Ozon, Wasserstoffperoxid oder einer Kombination dieser Verfahren mit UV-Bestrahlung. Die Oxidation wird dabei direkt durch diese Stoffe und insbesondere auch über dabei entstehende OH-Radikale (Hydroxyl-Radikale) bewirkt.Advanced Oxidation processes (abbreviated to AOP), also known as Extended Oxidation in Germany, are Wikipedia's term for a series of processes for the chemical treatment of organic and inorganic substances in wastewater by oxidation. This is done with the AOP using ozone, hydrogen peroxide or a combination of these methods with UV irradiation. The oxidation is effected directly by these substances and in particular by the resulting OH radicals (hydroxyl radicals).
Das AOP-Verfahren wird bereits für die Reinigung von biologisch schwer oder nicht abbaubaren Stoffen (z. B. Pestizide, Biozide oder Arzneimittel) in Abwässern eingesetzt. Die belastenden Stoffe werden dabei größtenteils in stabile anorganische Verbindungen wie H2O, CO2 und Salze umgewandelt. Das AOP-Verfahren bewirkt das Reduzieren des chemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs sowie die Entfärbung und Veränderung weiterer Parameter, um Grenzwerte zu erreichen, die eine Direkteinleitung von gereinigten Abwässern in Vorfluter ermöglichen. Ein weiteres Einsatzgebiet ist die Restentfärbung bei der sogenannten Kreislaufführung von Farbstoff enthaltenden Produktionsabwässern. Aus
Das AOP-Verfahren gewährleistet jedoch bei der Reinigung stark verschmutzter Abwässer manchmal nicht deren vollständige Beseitigung, so dass die Direkteinspeisung nicht möglich ist.However, when cleaning heavily polluted waste water, the AOP process sometimes does not ensure its complete elimination, so that direct injection is not possible.
Weiterhin konnte in letzter Zeit die Zunahme von Advanced electrochemical Oxidation processes (AEOP) beobachtet werden. Bei derartigen Abwasserreinigungsverfahren werden spezielle Elektrodenmaterialien zur Oxidation von Schadstoffen eingesetzt. An der Anode adsorbierte Wassermoleküle werden zu OH Radikalen oxidiert, beziehungsweise der Schadstoff direkt mineralisiert.Furthermore, the increase of Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation processes (AEOP) has recently been observed. In such wastewater treatment processes special electrode materials are used for the oxidation of pollutants. At the anode adsorbed water molecules are oxidized to OH radicals, or the pollutant directly mineralized.
Das AOP-Verfahren und das AEOP-Verfahren erfolgen meist bei einem PH-Wert von 3.The AOP method and the AEOP method are usually carried out at a pH of 3.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Einrichtung zu entwickeln, welche die Entfernung von Verunreinigungen zuverlässig garantiert, wodurch das gereinigte Wasser als Direkteinleiter eingespeist werden kann oder einem erneuten Reinigungsprozess zuführbar ist.The object of the invention is to develop a device which reliably guarantees the removal of impurities, whereby the purified water can be fed as a direct discharger or a new cleaning process can be fed.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des ersten Schutzanspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is solved by the features of the first patent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
Die Einrichtung zur Abwasserbehandlung dient insbesondere zur Entfernung von organischen Schadstoffen, Schwermetallen und Pharmaka aus Abwasser, wobei erfindungsgemäß erstmalig ein erster Modul zur Durchführung eines AEOP-Verfahrens (advanced electrochemical Oxidation Prozess) kombiniert wird mit einem zweiten Modul zur Durchführung eines Elektrolyseverfahrens in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers und/oder mit einem dritten Modul zur Durchführung einer Oxidation durch Ozon.The device for wastewater treatment is used in particular for the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals from wastewater, according to the invention for the first time a first module for performing an AEOP (advanced electrochemical oxidation process) is combined with a second module for performing an electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative Purification of the waste water and / or with a third module for performing an oxidation by ozone.
Wahlweise ist es auch möglich, einen zweiten Modul zur Durchführung eines Elektrolyseverfahrens in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers mit einem dritten Modul zur Durchführung einer Oxidation durch Ozon zu kombinieren. In beiden Fällen wird ein hervorragendes Reinigungsergebnis erzielt.Alternatively, it is also possible to combine a second module for carrying out an electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the wastewater with a third module for performing an oxidation by ozone. In both cases, an excellent cleaning result is achieved.
Dabei ist es möglich, den zweiten Modul/Fe Reaktor und/oder den dritten Modul vor oder nach dem ersten Modul anzuordnen.It is possible to arrange the second module / Fe reactor and / or the third module before or after the first module.
Bevorzugt weist der erste Modul wenigstens einen AEOP-Reaktor mit Anodenmaterial aus Platin, Palladium, Rhodenium oder einer Kombination dieser Materialien auf. Insbesondere ist der AEOP-Reaktor mit einem Anodenmaterial aus Platin, Palladium, Rhodenium oder deren Kombinationen ausgestattet. Bevorzugt weist der AEOP-Reaktor eine gitterartige Anode aus den vorgenannten Materialien auf. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um scheibenartige Gitter, die in einem Abstand zueinander in einem AEOP-Reaktorgehäuse angeordnet und mittels einer Kontaktschiene anodisch geschaltet sind.Preferably, the first module comprises at least one AEOP reactor with anode material of platinum, palladium, rhodium or a combination of these materials. In particular, the AEOP reactor is equipped with an anode material of platinum, palladium, rhodium or their combinations. The AEOP reactor preferably has a lattice-type anode made of the abovementioned materials. Preferably, these are disk-like grids which are arranged at a distance from one another in an AEOP reactor housing and connected anodically by means of a contact rail.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, den AEOP-Reaktor mit einer Excimerlampe (vorzugsweise mit einer Wellenlänge λ < 240 nm) auszustatten, durch welche der Reinigungsprozess beschleunigt werden kann und insgesamt effizienter abläuft. Die Excimerlampe kann dabei z. B. durch Durchbrüche der Gitter ragen oder zwischen der Innenwand des Gehäuses des AEOP-Reaktors und den Anodengittern angeordnet sein.It is also possible to equip the AEOP reactor with an excimer lamp (preferably with a wavelength λ <240 nm), by means of which the cleaning process can be accelerated and runs more efficiently overall. The excimer lamp can be z. B. protrude through openings in the grid or be arranged between the inner wall of the housing of the AEOP reactor and the anode lattices.
Der zweite Modul weist wenigstens einen FE-Reaktor auf, der einen Anodenkäfig aus Titan oder platiniertem Titan aufweist und mit Eisen- und/oder Aluminiumteilen als Anode bestückt ist. Als Eisen- bzw. Aluminiumteile für die Anode des FE-Reaktors können beispielsweise Eisenschrott und/oder Aluminiumschrott (z. B. Schrauben oder Blechteile) verwendet werden. Dadurch ist der FE-Reaktor besonders preiswert betreibbar.The second module has at least one FE reactor, which has an anode cage made of titanium or platinum-plated titanium and is equipped with iron and / or aluminum parts as the anode. As iron or aluminum parts for the anode of the FE reactor, for example, iron scrap and / or aluminum scrap (eg screws or sheet metal parts) can be used. As a result, the FE reactor is particularly inexpensive operable.
Der dritte Modul wird insbesondere durch wenigstens einen Ozongenerator gebildet, in welchem dem zu reinigenden Wasser Ozon zuführbar ist.The third module is formed in particular by at least one ozone generator, in which ozone can be supplied to the water to be purified.
In besonderen Fällen kann es sinnvoll sein, dem zu reinigenden Wasser ebenfalls Wasserstoffperoxid zuzuführen.In special cases, it may be useful to supply the water to be purified also hydrogen peroxide.
Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung ist mit Membrantechniken, wie z. B. der Nanofiltration und der Umkehrosmose kombinierbar oder kann Teile von Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung der Membrantechniken oder der Umkehrosmose ersetzen.The inventive device is with membrane techniques such. As the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis combinable or can replace parts of devices for performing the membrane techniques or reverse osmosis.
Die Abwasserbehandlung erfolgt insbesondere zur Entfernung von organischen Schadstoffen, Schwermetallen und Pharmaka aus Abwasser, wobei ein AEOP-Verfahren (advanced electrochemical oxidation prozess) mit einem Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers und/oder mit einer Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon oder ein Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers kombiniert wird mit einer Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon, wobei im letzgenannten Fall wahlweise zuerst die oxidative Reinigung oder die oxidative Oxidation erfolgen kann.The wastewater treatment is carried out in particular for the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals from wastewater, wherein an AEOP (advanced electrochemical oxidation process) with an electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the wastewater and / or with an oxidation of the waste water by ozone or an electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the waste water is combined with an oxidation of the waste water by ozone, wherein in the latter case optionally either the oxidative purification or the oxidative oxidation can take place.
Es ist dabei möglich, das Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers und/oder die Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon vor oder nach dem AEOP-Verfahren (advanced electrochemical oxidation prozess) durchzuführen.It is possible to carry out the electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the wastewater and / or the oxidation of the wastewater by ozone before or after the AEOP process (advanced electrochemical oxidation process).
Welche Verfahrensstufen in welcher Reihenfolge für die entsprechende Reinigungsaufgabe am effektivsten ist, kann durch Vorversuche ermittelt werden.Which process steps in which order is the most effective for the corresponding cleaning task can be determined by preliminary tests.
Das Elektrolyseverfahren erfolgt bevorzugt in Form der oxidativen Reinigung unter Verwendung einer Eisen- oder Aluminiumelektrode, wobei grobe Verunreinigungen, wie Schwermetalle, Öle, Fette, kleine und feinste Schmutzpartikel entfernt und eine Verbesserung bzw. komplette Transmission des Abwassers bewirkt wird.The electrolysis process is preferably carried out in the form of oxidative purification using an iron or aluminum electrode, wherein coarse impurities such as heavy metals, oils, fats, small and finest dirt particles removed and an improvement or complete transmission of the wastewater is effected.
Bei dem AEOP-Verfahren wird ein Elektrolyseverfahren unter erstmaliger Verwendung von Anoden aus Platin, Palladium, Rhodenium oder deren Kombinationen durchgeführt, wodurch verbleibende Restkonzentrationen aus der Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon oxidiert werden.In the AEOP process, an electrolytic process is carried out using anodes of platinum, palladium, rhodium or combinations thereof for the first time, whereby remaining residual concentrations from the oxidation of the waste water are oxidized by ozone.
Das Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung erfolgt insbesondere unter Verwendung eines FE-Reaktors, der mit einem Käfig aus Titan oder platiniertem Titan versehen ist, wobei dieser mit Eisen- und/oder Aluminiumschrott (z. B. Schrauben oder Blechteile) als Anode bestückt wird und durch Vorbeiströmen des Wassers an der Anode die Partikel in Eisen(III)hydroxidflocken und Aluminiumhydroxidflocken eingefangen werden.The electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification is carried out in particular using an FE reactor which is provided with a cage made of titanium or platinized titanium, this being equipped with iron and / or aluminum scrap (eg screws or sheet metal parts) as the anode and by passing the water at the anode, the particles are trapped in ferric hydroxide flakes and aluminum hydroxide flakes.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt in der ersten Stufe eine Oxidation der organischen Inhaltstoffe bzw. eine Crackung.Preferably, in the first stage, an oxidation of the organic ingredients or a cracking occurs.
Überraschender Weise wurde festgestellt, das bei dem Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung bei einem pH-Wert von 6–8 die Schwermetallkonzentrationen des Abwassers bis auf Trinkwassergrenzwerte nach EU-Grenzwerten gesenkt werden können.Surprisingly, it has been found that in the electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification at a pH of 6-8, the heavy metal concentrations of the wastewater can be reduced to drinking water limits according to EU limits.
Bei dem Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung ist vorteilhafter Weise eine Senkung des CSB (TOC) bis über 50% möglich.In the electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification is advantageously a reduction of the COD (TOC) to over 50% possible.
Bei der Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon werden die Inhaltsstoffe/Schadstoffe oxidiert, wobei durch das nach dem Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung noch in katalytischen Mengen vorhandene Eisen bzw. Aluminium eine äußerst effiziente Oxidation erfolgt.In the oxidation of the waste water by ozone, the ingredients / pollutants are oxidized, which is carried out by the electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification in catalytic amounts of iron or aluminum extremely efficient oxidation.
Es ist möglich, während der Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon Wasserstoffperoxid zuzufügen, wodurch mit den Eisen-Ionen nach dem bekannten Fenton-Mechanismus die organische Belastung gesenkt wird.It is possible to add hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of the waste water by ozone, whereby the organic load is reduced with the iron ions according to the known Fenton mechanism.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, durch das AEOP-Verfahren (advanced electrochemical Oxidation Prozess) organische Inhaltstoffe, welche eine starke Residenz gegenüber einer reinen Ozonbehandlung aufweisen, aus dem Abwasser zu eliminieren.Furthermore, it is possible by the AEOP process (advanced electrochemical oxidation process) to eliminate organic ingredients, which have a strong residence compared to a pure ozone treatment, from the wastewater.
Weiterhin werden bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens Sauerstoff (Singulett), Hydroxylradikale und Ozon gebildet.Furthermore, in carrying out the process, oxygen (singlet), hydroxyl radicals and ozone are formed.
Mit der Lösung wird durch die erstmalige Kombination des AEOP-Verfahrens mit wenigstens einem weiteren bekannten Verfahren eine hervorragende Qualität des gereinigten Abwassers gewährleistet.With the solution, the first-time combination of the AEOP process with at least one other known process ensures excellent quality of the purified wastewater.
Das Abwasser wird dabei vorzugsweise über zwei oder drei Stufen gereinigt. Insbesondere erfolgt zuerst die partielle oxidative Reinigung und eine Partikelseparation mittels einer Eisen- und/oder Aluminiumelektrode (Anode) durch Elektrolyse, wodurch bereits grobe Verunreinigungen, Öle, Fette, kleine und feinste Schmutzpartikel entfernt werden und eine Verbesserung bzw. komplette Transmission des Abwassers bewirkt wird, was durch eine Opferung des Anodenmaterials erzielt wird. Anschließend wird Ozon eingeleitet, um die organischen Inhaltsstoffe zum größten Teil zu oxidieren. Nun erfolgt eine Oxidation mittels Platin-, Palladium oder Rhodeniumanoden oder deren Kombinationen durch Elektrolyse und durch das AEOP-Verfahren. Hier werden die noch verbleibenden Restkonzentrationen von der Stufe 2 oxidiert. The wastewater is preferably purified over two or three stages. In particular, first the partial oxidative cleaning and particle separation by means of an iron and / or aluminum electrode (anode) by electrolysis, which are already coarse impurities, oils, fats, small and very fine dirt particles are removed and an improvement or complete transmission of the wastewater is effected , which is achieved by a sacrifice of the anode material. Subsequently, ozone is introduced to oxidize the organic ingredients for the most part. Now an oxidation takes place by means of platinum, palladium or rhodenium anodes or combinations thereof by electrolysis and by the AEOP process. Here, the remaining residual concentrations of the second stage are oxidized.
Dies ist mit allen Membrantechniken, wie z. B. der Nanofiltration und Umkehrosmose kombinierbar oder kann Teile davon in speziellen Fällen ersetzen. Die Reihenfolge der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte ist dabei nach Bedarf unterschiedlich wählbar.This is with all membrane techniques, such. As the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis combinable or can replace parts thereof in special cases. The sequence of the individual process steps can be selected differently as needed.
Weiterhin ist es in einigen Fällen auch möglich, auf das AEOP-Verfahren zu verzichten und nur ein Elektrolyseverfahren in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers mit einer Oxidation des Abwassers durch Ozon zu kombinieren, wobei wahlweise zuerst die oxidative Reinigung oder die oxidative Oxidation erfolgen kann.Furthermore, it is also possible in some cases to dispense with the AEOP process and to combine only one electrolysis process in the form of an oxidative purification of the wastewater with an oxidation of the wastewater by ozone, where either the oxidative purification or the oxidative oxidation can be carried out first.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen und zugehörigen Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Das Ablaufschema gem.
Die 1. Stufe des Verfahrens wird dabei in dem zweiten Modul M2 zur Durchführung eines Elektrolyseverfahrens in Form einer oxidativen Reinigung des Abwassers unter Verwendung eines speziellen ersten Fe-Reaktors
In einem dritten Modul M3 erfolgt die zweite Stufe des Reinigungsprozesses in einem Ozongenerator
In der dritten Stufe wird der erste Modul M1 eingesetzt, der einen AEOP Reaktor
Damit diese Verfahren die gewünschten Ergebnisse zeigt, müssen die Reaktorgeometrien und Stromdichten entsprechend gewählt werden.For these procedures to show the desired results, the reactor geometries and current densities must be selected accordingly.
Zur 1. Stufe in Form des zweiten Moduls M2 mit dem Fe-Reaktor
Zwischen dem ersten Fe-Reaktor
Zum Anfahren der Anlage wird zuerst mit der Ansaugpumpe P1 das Abwasser dem Fe-Reaktor
Das zu reinigende Abwasser durchläuft bevorzugt im Durchlaufprinzip vom Zufluss ZU bis zum Abfluss AB die Module M1, M3, M1 und somit die drei Reinigungsstufen.The wastewater to be purified preferably passes through the modules M1, M3, M1 and thus the three purification stages in the continuous flow principle from inflow ZU to outflow AB.
Das Reaktorgehäuse
Das Reaktorgehäuse
Da ein Großteil des im AEOP-Reaktor
In allen Ausführungsvarianten der Reaktoren (FE-Reaktor, AEOP-Reaktor, Ozon-Reaktor) durchläuft diese das zu reinigende Wasser bevorzugt von unten nach oben.In all embodiments of the reactors (FE reactor, AEOP reactor, ozone reactor), this passes through the water to be purified preferably from bottom to top.
Mit der Lösung wird dem AEOP-Verfahren, welches im ersten Modul M1 durchgeführt wird, erstmalig jeweils ein Elektrolyseverfahren (im zweiten Modul M2) und ein weiteres Elektrolyseverfahren (im dritten Modul M3) vorgeschaltet.With the solution, the AEOP method, which is carried out in the first module M1, is preceded for the first time by an electrolysis method (in the second module M2) and a further electrolysis method (in the third module M3).
Es ist möglich in einem Modul auch mehrere Reaktoren einzusetzen, z. B. im ersten Modul M1 mehrere AEOP-Reaktoren
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
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