DE202009012225U1 - Sound attenuation in the exhaust path of a rail vehicle internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Silencer unit (1) of a rail vehicle with an internal combustion engine, in particular a locomotive with a diesel engine, wherein the silencer unit (1) has a housing (2) with an exhaust gas inlet (9) and an exhaust gas outlet (4) and wherein in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet (9) and the exhaust gas outlet (4) at least one silencer module (7) is arranged, characterized in that in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet (9) and the exhaust gas outlet (4) also has a particle filter (8) for filtering particles from the exhaust gas, in particular of soot particles from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine, is arranged.

Description

The The invention relates to a silencer unit of a rail vehicle with internal combustion engine, in particular with a diesel engine. In which Rail vehicle may in particular be a locomotive. Furthermore, a method for treating exhaust gases of a railroad internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, for. B. a locomotive described. Further is a method of manufacturing a silencer unit described.

The operation of propulsion engines (ie traction motors) of rail vehicles generates noise that may exceed the prescribed limits for sound emissions. It is therefore customary to arrange at least one muffler in the exhaust path of rail vehicle internal combustion engines. Frequently, different effects of sound attenuation, namely the absorption of sound, the resonance damping and / or reflection of sound in a silencer unit are combined. For example, as in the EP 0274659 is described within a muffler housing, an exhaust muffler combined with a resonator to selectively attenuate specific frequencies in the resonator. Loud EP 0274659 is a major problem of sound attenuation in eliminating the so-called start-up drone when starting a vehicle. In conjunction with a very broadband reduction in the sound level, this can be achieved very simply by virtue of the fact that the main silencer comprises a resonator, which is tuned to low frequencies and has a resonator tube projecting into the exhaust gas flow counter to the flow direction.

The The invention relates in particular to a silencer unit with a resonator tube.

Further Components of exhaust systems in rail vehicles are z. B. exhaust gas cooler, optionally with heat recovery, catalysts u. a. z. B. for the catalytic mediation of chemical reactions in exhaust gases and silencers to reduce noise emission.

EP 1 886 892 A1 describes z. As an exhaust system, which is integrated in a roof of a fuel-powered rail vehicle. The exhaust system is adapted with respect to the shape of its top to adjacent surface areas of the roof. The exhaust system may be formed as an exhaust aftertreatment system, wherein a combination of a fuel particle filter and elements for selective catalytic reduction may be present. However, a silencer does not contain the exhaust system integrated into the roof of the rail vehicle, in particular no resonator.

It It is an object of the present invention to provide solutions for to provide an exhaust system of a rail vehicle with internal combustion engine, the the cost of a retrofit or change reduce the construction of rail vehicle series, if to comply with lower limits for particulate emissions are.

A fundamental idea of the present invention in it, a particulate filter in the exhaust path of an existing silencer unit provided. Under an existing unit becomes both a unit understood, which has already been made, as well as a unit, which according to an existing construction yet is to produce. For example, the construction of a silencer unit for certain rail vehicle series available and can be modified according to the invention in a simple manner become.

These basic idea is based on the knowledge that a particle filter partly take over the function of a silencer or can complement. It is therefore z. Possible, in the existing silencer unit for at least a silencer module available To use space for the installation of the particulate filter. Eg is the length of the muffler module or the Silencer modules shortened in Abgaswegrichtung and arranged in the vacant space of the particulate filter. In this case, the particle filter can be a total of a plurality of separate Consist modules that z. B. in relation to the exhaust gas flow in parallel and / or arranged in series.

at Rail vehicles it is customary closed particulate filter systems use. With such closed systems can special customer requirements regarding particle emission be respected in the environment. According to the current state of the art Although no particle filters are needed to last in the Time came into force norms and laws regarding the To comply with particle emission. However, it is very likely that the particle emission requirements will continue in the future be tightened. For an expected lifetime of Locomotives in the range of 30 years will therefore probably still during the lifetime of a retrofit or Retrofitting the exhaust system may be desired.

closed Particulate filter systems require the prior art additional systems on the vehicle, which is the recurring Monitor and initiate regeneration of the filter, e.g. B. Measuring systems, burners for the oxidation of soot particles and Controls for intervention in engine control.

closed Particulate filters are considered separate for maintainability Unit of the exhaust system designed. Corresponding space is therefore needed. Due to the configuration as a separate unit, and because of the larger specific volume The filter elements carry closed particulate filter systems considerably on the weight and packing density of the rail vehicle. in the Compared to a conventional exhaust system without particle filter the weight is considerably increased. Because of the mentioned additional systems is a modification of a conventional Exhaust system consuming. If no free space for the closed particulate filter system is available, the entire exhaust system and engine peripherals must be rebuilt.

In spite of the mentioned additional systems, which the repeated Regeneration of the filter during normal operation monitor and initiate the rail vehicle, it is It also requires that the particulate filter of residues freed, in particular washed out. The availability of the Vehicle is therefore reduced and there are maintenance costs.

For installation in the silencer unit open particle filters are preferred in a development of the present invention, for. For example, such particulate filter modules having a plurality of fine channels for the exhaust stream, wherein the channels each having a plurality of lateral passage openings through which a portion of the exhaust gas stream is passed in the channel to the filter material. The filter material is z. As a fleece or fabric in which the particles are retained, but the gaseous portion of the exhaust gas can flow through. The system is referred to as open since not all particles in the exhaust gas are necessarily filtered out. Rather, the filter material can pass particularly small particles and such particles or releases such particles after an oxidation reaction, which are not further oxidizable in the filter. In principle, however, the invention is also suitable for closed filters. Preferably, as the particle filter, an open filter with the channel structure described above, wherein the channels z. B. is formed by a plurality of channel-covered metal foil layers with intermediate filter webs. The layers are z. B., so that the layers can fill the interior of a tube. The exhaust gas flows in parallel at the end of a pipe into the multiplicity of channels, flows through at least one layer of filter material and again flows out of parallel channels at the other end of the pipe. Such filters are known per se and z. As offered by INTERKAT catalysts GmbH, Königswinter, Germany coatings for the metal or ceramic surfaces of the channel walls, which promote the oxidation of soot particles in the filter. As a filter type z. B. a PM (particulate matter) catalyst filter used with a metal channel construction, as it can be used in principle for the aftertreatment of car exhaust gases. For example, a PM-Metalit ^® substrate used. Part of the surface of the channels has a catalytic coating, so that even at a relatively low exhaust gas temperature of 200 ° C, a regeneration of the filter material takes place. In this passive regeneration, nitrogen monoxide (NO) present in the exhaust gas is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), which reacts with the soot particles to form carbon oxides.

The Invention has the advantage that by the integration of the particulate filter Saves space and weight in the silencer unit become. Since the particle filter is a sound-absorbing Has the desired sound attenuation achieved. Also, when using open particle filters no additional system required, which the Regeneration of the filter material controls. In contrast to closed particle filter systems the availability is increased and the acquisition costs and operating costs are lower. When using open particle filters can a maintenance opening of the silencer unit omitted.

Of the Particulate filter is preferably on the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet of the silencer unit in the flow direction arranged in front of silencer modules, the z. B. after Resonance space principle work. Such silencer modules may be referred to as resonators. For example, the Silencer unit at least one resonator, the is designed as a resonator tube. In a specific embodiment of the resonator tube, the exhaust gas passes through suitably shaped and in suitable way over the surface of the tube side wall distributed openings in the interior of the tube. Other Designs are also possible.

Since the particulate filter, in particular in the above-described design, also contributes to the sound damping with a multiplicity of channels arranged in a pipe, the required construction volume of the conventional silencer modules (eg resonator pipes) can be reduced. All interfaces of the silencer unit, in particular exhaust gas inlet and exhaust gas outlet, can be maintained. If the at least one silencer module and the at least one particle filter are arranged one behind the other in a longitudinal direction of the unit, the additional construction volume can be achieved by shortening the length of the silencer module. However, the invention is not limited thereto. Rather, the volume of construction can be increased in other ways, for. B. at a non-rectilinear exhaust path between muffler module and particulate filter by reducing the width of the muffler module, so that space is created for the particulate filter in addition to the muffler module.

Especially the following is proposed: silencer unit one Rail vehicle with internal combustion engine, in particular a locomotive with diesel engine, with the silencer unit a housing having an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet and wherein in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet at least a muffler module is arranged, wherein in the exhaust path between the exhaust inlet and the exhaust outlet as well a particulate filter for filtering particles from the exhaust gas, in particular Soot particles from the exhaust of the diesel engine, arranged is.

by virtue of of the housing, the silencer unit is lightweight and separately from other components of the rail vehicle. This also allows replacement of the silencer unit conventional type without particle filter through a unit with particle filter.

Around to hold the particulate filter module (s) in the housing, For example, the housing may have a first inner wall that extends extends transversely to the exhaust path and has a plurality of through holes, wherein in the passage openings in each case a particle filter module is arranged so that the exhaust gas is forced on its way between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet through the particulate filter modules to stream.

A Inner wall can be stable and durable on the outer walls be fastened to the housing, for. B. made of metal and on the outer walls, which are also made of metal fastened (eg welded).

Preferably the silencer unit is part of the roof of the rail vehicle and / or are connected to the housing of the unit components, which form at least part of the roof of the rail vehicle.

Further is a method for treating exhaust gases of a railroad internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, proposed, wherein the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine passed into a silencer unit be, especially in the muffler unit after a the embodiments described in this specification, and wherein the exhaust gases within the silencer unit by a Particle filter are passed, which filters out particles from the exhaust gas.

advantages and embodiments of the method will become apparent from the description the silencer unit. In a method of manufacturing a silencer unit of a rail vehicle with Internal combustion engine, in particular a locomotive with a diesel engine, is or will at least one silencer module in one Housing arranged so that the silencer module between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet of the housing is arranged, and wherein also in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet a particulate filter for filtering of particles from the exhaust gas, in particular soot particles from the exhaust of the diesel engine, is arranged.

Especially can in an existing silencer unit or one Silencer unit with specified volume of construction Silencer module the build volume of the silencer module be downsized by an existing silencer module is replaced with a smaller or smaller than specified silencer module is arranged in the muffler unit, wherein in the additionally available space the silencer unit of the particulate filter for filtering is arranged by particles from the exhaust gas.

One preferred embodiment of the invention will now described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The individual figures of the drawing show:

1 a three-dimensional view of a silencer unit 1 which also comprises parts of a rail vehicle roof,

2 a three-dimensional view from above of the unit according to 1 wherein the upper part of the housing of the silencer unit is not drawn, so that the view is released into the interior of the housing,

3 a longitudinal section through the unit according to 1 and 2 .

4 a side view of the unit according to 1 to 3 .

5 a cross section along the line VV in 3 .

6 a cross section along the line VI-VI in 3 and

7 a plan view of the unit according to 1 to 6 , wherein some components are shown inside the housing by dashed lines.

In the 1 illustrated construction unit 1 has a housing 2 with a shell 2a on. In addition, the unit points 1 mutually inclined roof surface segments 3a 3e a railroad roof, in particular the roof of a locomotive, on, wherein the roof segments 3 with the housing 2 are connected. The longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle extends in 1 from right behind to left front or vice versa.

From the case 2 project up two exhaust exits in the form of pipe stumps 4a . 4b out.

2 shows the inside of the case 2 , The exhaust gas inlet into the housing interior is through two pipe sockets 9a . 9b formed like in the left front in 2 to recognize down from the case 2 run. These pipe sockets 9a . 9b Form the exhaust gas inlet for exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, which drives the rail vehicle. Above the pipe socket 9a . 9b There is an area of the interior of the housing 2 , in which the exhaust gas flow in the horizontal direction, namely z. B. is deflected in the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle. This entrance area of the housing 2 is through an inner wall 12 completed, which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction and circumferentially gas-tight with the outer walls of the housing 2 connected is. The inner wall 12 However, it has a plurality of passage openings, in each of which a particle filter 8a - 8e is used. During operation of the rail vehicle, the exhaust gas flow passes exclusively through the particulate filters 8th through into the adjacent central region of the housing interior.

In this middle area are two resonator tubes 7a . 7b each having a plurality of entrance holes on its outer periphery for the entrance of the exhaust gas.

The resonator tubes 7 be through another inner wall 6 supported, which closes off the central region gas-tight against a further end region of the housing interior, with the exception of the openings in which the resonator tubes are located. As 3 can be used to support the resonator tubes 7 , not just an inner wall or holder of the resonator tubes 7 be provided, but more supports 6a . 6b which extend both transverse to the longitudinal direction.

In this end area are the pipes 4a . 4b the gas outlet. In other embodiments of the invention, a different number of exhaust gas inlet openings, exhaust gas outlet openings, particulate filters and / or resonator pipes of the silencer unit may be provided. Unlike shown in the figures, exhaust gas inlet exhaust outlet z. B. on the same side of the unit.

At the opposite side edges 5a . 5b the unit 1 are screws 10 or corresponding holes can be seen with which the unit 1 can be connected to the car body of the rail vehicle.

From the 3 it can be seen that the case 2 at its outer edge, ie on the outer walls, circumferentially (in particular on all outer walls) is provided with a sound insulation, z. B. a layer of mineral fiber insulation.

At the bottom left of the picture you can see one of the pipe sockets 9b at the gas inlet. Above it is the entrance area of the interior, through which the particle filter 8th of which two are here 8d . 8e are visible, is directed to the middle area. In the embodiment of the invention presented here, there are five particulate filter modules 8th of which three are next to each other in an upper row ( 8a . 8c . 8e ) and two next to each other in a lower row ( 8b . 8d ). For example, the metal housings of the particulate filters 8th in the passage openings of the inner wall 12 Pressed, welded or soldered, so that the outer circumference of the particle filter 8th gas-tight with the inner edge of the inner wall closes. However, there are also other types of attachment between the particulate filters 8th and the inner wall 12 possible. For example, to replace or retrofit the unit 1 with particle filters the entire unit consisting of inner wall 12 and particle filters 8th in the case 2 be used.

The Number of particulate filters, silencer modules, orifices However, the gas inlets and the gas leaks can in other embodiments vary the invention.

Right in 3 is the beveled end of the muffler 7b to recognize. In the middle region of the resonator tube 7b are small inlet openings in the outer wall on the outer circumference of the resonator tube 7b with the reference number 22 and large inlet openings further down the outer circumference of the muffler 7b with the reference numerals 21a . 21b . 21c designated.

Also, the tubular gas outlet 4b has a plurality of gas inlet openings arranged on the outer circumference of the tube 13a . 13b . 13c . 13d on top of that from the muffler 7a . 7b escaping gas may enter to exit the top of the opening of the pipe into the environment.

From the side view of 4 is the side edge 5b with a plurality of screw connections 10 recognizable. Above are two the roof surfaces 3e . 3d , In modification of in 2 shown design is left, ie in the direction of travel front or rear, in the roof segment, a ventilation grille 17 to release exhaust air from the interior of the rail vehicle into the environment. As in 2 is indicated, the location and the number of vents for the air outlet can vary.

The cross section of 5 shows inside the case 2 turn the location of the particulate filter 8th or the corresponding passage openings in the housing inner wall 12 that extends in the picture plane.

Besides, it is off 5 good the lateral position of the gas inlet openings (that is, the position transverse to the longitudinal direction of the unit) and the gas outlet openings at the bottom of the pipe socket 9a . 9b or at the top of the gas outlets 4a . 4b to recognize.

From the lateral outer wall of the housing 2 extends laterally, ie transverse to the longitudinal direction, in 5 perpendicular to the image plane, one stiffener each 19a . 19b to the roof segments that cover the areas 3a . 3e form. It may be a strut or a plate-shaped stiffener.

From the cross-sectional view in 6 you can see the location of the gas leaks 4a . 4b and the two resonator tubes 7a . 7b , Unlike the 5 is also the sound insulation 15 on the housing outer wall of the housing 2 recognizable.

The arrangement of the gas inlet openings 9a . 9b , the three particle filter 8a . 8c . 8e in the upper row, the resonator tubes 7a . 7b and the gas outlet pipes 4a . 4b is recognizable from the top view, the in 7 is shown.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 0274659 [0002, 0002]
• - EP 1886892 A1 [0005]

Claims (7)

Silencer unit ( 1 ) of a railway vehicle with an internal combustion engine, in particular a locomotive with a diesel engine, wherein the silencer unit ( 1 ) a housing ( 2 ) with an exhaust gas inlet ( 9 ) and an exhaust outlet ( 4 ) and wherein in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet ( 9 ) and the exhaust gas outlet ( 4 ) at least one silencer module ( 7 ), characterized in that in the exhaust path between the exhaust gas inlet ( 9 ) and the exhaust gas outlet ( 4 ) also a particle filter ( 8th ) is arranged for filtering particles from the exhaust gas, in particular of soot particles from the exhaust gas of the diesel engine. Silencer unit after the previous one Claim, wherein the particulate filter is an open particulate filter. Silencer unit according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one particulate filter ( 8th ) has a filter material that filters out soot particles from the exhaust gas flowing through the filter material and the particle filter ( 8th ) is configured to oxidize the carbon in the soot particles filtered out from the filter material. Silencer unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing ( 2 ) a first inner wall ( 12 ) which extends transversely to the exhaust path and has a plurality of through-openings, wherein in the through-openings in each case a particle filter ( 8th ) is arranged so that the exhaust gas is forced, on its way between the exhaust gas inlet ( 9 ) and the exhaust gas outlet ( 4 ) through the particulate filters ( 8th ) to flow. Silencer unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing ( 2 ) forms part of the roof of the rail vehicle. Silencer unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein with the housing ( 2 ) Components ( 3 ), which form at least part of the roof of the rail vehicle. Silencer unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the silencer module ( 7 ) is a resonator tube