DE202009000860U1 - Compact lance burner - Google Patents

Abstract

Compact lance burners for the gasification of pulverized fuels with a free oxygen-containing oxidant at ambient or higher pressures up to 8 MPa, and temperatures between 800-1800 ° C, wherein
- in the compact lance burner, a pilot burner (1) having an ignition device and a flame monitoring is centrally located,
- A plurality of supply elements (6) for supplying the dust-like fuel (2) and the oxidizing agent (3) are arranged distributed over the circumference of the compact lance burner,
The center line of a feed element is inclined to the central axis of the pilot burner,
A feed element ends immediately adjacent to the burner mouth of the pilot burner,
A feed element has a feed tube (2) for the pulverulent fuel and an annular channel (3) surrounding the oxidant concentrically therewith,
The feed element has a nozzle element (4) at its end facing the burner mouth,
- The nozzle member has a plurality of holes B, which are aligned at an angle to the center line of the feed element that they are the oxidizing agent ...

Description

The The invention relates to a compact lance burner for gassing dusty Fuels with a free oxygen-containing oxidant at ambient or higher pressures up to 8 MPa, as well as temperatures between 800-1800 ° C with the Features of claim 1.

The The invention relates to a burner for gasification of dust Fuels. Under dusty fuels understand here coal pulverized to different degrees of pulverisation, but also waste from household, trade and industry as well Residues from production processes that are fine dust. They can be used as direct fuel dust gas suspension or as a fuel dust-water or fuel-dust suspension be fed to the compact lance burner.

Carbon dust burners for the partial oxidation of pulverized fuels are known DD 271 038 A1 with a centrally located pilot burner part and a separate fuel gas and oxidant supply, a flame monitor and a high voltage electrical ignition. To this assembly, a further annular space for supplying the oxidizing agent for the pulverized coal burner is arranged. At the annular outlet opening twist loops are provided for swirling the oxygen flow. Both assemblies (pilot burner and oxidant supply) are integrated in another assembly, the burner holder. The entire burner holder assembly is implemented with a coiled tubing water cooling system to dissipate the heat applied to this assembly. In addition, the assemblies arranged in the center of the burner holder, pilot burner part and the further oxidant supply, are also equipped with separate water cooling systems.

The Feeding the dusty fuel is so provided that between the housing wall, the burner holder and the central oxidant feed is an annular gap, in the at least two, preferably more pulverized coal delivery pipes end and apply carbon dust to the annular gap. By the Execution of the oxidant supply with twist loops the exiting oxidant is set in rotation and with mixed with the dust veil emerging from the annular gap.

• 1. Durch die Einführung der Kohlenstaubförderrohre in den Ringspalt, sinkt wegen der konstruktiv bedingten Flächenvergrößerung die Geschwindigkeit des Kohlenstaubstromes ab. Dies kann zu Verstopfungen des Ringspaltes und damit zu Betriebsstörungen führen.
• 2. Die geringe Geschwindigkeit des Staubstromes zieht die Vergasungsflamme näher an den Brennermantel heran, so dass die Oberfläche überhitzt und zerstört werden kann
• 3. Zum Schutz des gemeinsamen zentralen Oxidationsmittelringraumes vor thermischer Beanspruchung ist dieser beidseitig durch spezielle Wasserkühlkanäle umhüllt. Hierdurch wird bei Mischung des Oxidationsmittels mit zur Reaktion notwendigem Dampf die Mischtemperatur abgesenkt, was im ungünstigsten Fall zur Kondensation von Wasser führen kann. Hierdurch kann es zu Störungen bei der Flammenbildung kommen.

The burner shown as prior art has the following disadvantages:

• 1. Due to the introduction of the pulverized coal delivery pipes into the annular gap, the speed of the coal dust stream decreases because of the constructional increase in area. This can lead to blockages of the annular gap and thus to malfunction.
• 2. The low velocity of the dust stream draws the gasification flame closer to the burner jacket so that the surface can overheat and be destroyed
• 3. To protect the common central Oxidationsmittelringraumes from thermal stress this is covered on both sides by special water cooling channels. As a result, when the oxidizing agent is mixed with the steam necessary for the reaction, the mixing temperature is lowered, which in the worst case can lead to the condensation of water. This can lead to disturbances in the formation of flames.

task The invention is the creation of a Staubvergasungsbrenners, in the gasification flame are kept at a distance from the burner mouth can and ensures a high degree of carbon conversion.

The Task is by a compact lance burner with the features of claim 1.

In Advantageously, by constructive measures Dust burner is formed under conditions of entrainment gasification at the gasification of dust-like fuels a safe Operation without the risk of flashbacks with uniform Ensures flame training, works reliably, a long lifetime and compact dimensions related to the conversion performance has and is technologically easy to manufacture.

The dust burner according to the invention has a centrally arranged pilot burner part ( 1 ) with fuel gas and oxidant supply, a flame monitoring device and a high-voltage ignition and several feed elements ( 6 ) for supplying the dusty fuel and the corresponding oxidizing agent.

The supply of dust-like fuel is inventively provided so that between the outer housing wall of the burner holder ( 5 ) and the centrally located pilot burner part ( 1 ) at least two or preferably more straight feed elements ( 6 ) are located. These feed elements ( 6 ) are in themselves straight and inclined to the burner axis and end at Brennermund next to the pilot burner media outlet.

The feed elements ( 6 ) include a central feed tube for pulverized fuel ( 2 ) and an enveloping annular channel for supplying the oxidizing agent ( 3 ), which at the outlet to the reaction space in a nozzle element ( 4 ) merges with individual bores B, which are inclined towards the fuel dust exit axis ML.

In the feed element ends the media channels for the fuel and the gasification agent only at the burner mouth, which a separate safe supply of the reactants for Gasification reactor is guaranteed.

The annular channel for oxidant supply ( 3 ) goes at the outlet into a nozzle element ( 4 ) with many holes in the direction of their exit immediately after leaving the feed element ( 6 ) penetrate directly into the center of the dusty fuel.

By the execution of the oxidant supply ( 3 ) as a nozzle element ( 4 ) with a plurality of small exit holes B, which are directed towards the coal dust flow, the oxidant is injected directly into the center of the compact Brennstaubstromes and thus leads to an intensive mixing of the two media and thus to a rapid reaction with high sales results.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the oxidant outlet in the nozzle element ( 4 ) designed so that it is designed as a replaceable screw and thus can be adapted to special conditions with different dust-like fuels.

In Another embodiment of the invention are different screw-in nozzles can be used with different directions of the individual oxidant jets, with which the flame formation and the residence time in the reaction space are changeable.

The supply of the total oxidizing agent via a loop ( 8th ) and is then applied to the individual feed elements ( 6 ) into the oxidant feed ( 3 ) equally distributed.

The Invention will be described as an embodiment with reference to FIGS in an extent necessary for understanding the invention explained in more detail. Showing:

1 a combustor with combustible oxidant lances ( 6 )

2 further details of the screw-in nozzle part ( 4 ) and

3 an embodiment of the nozzle element ( 4 ) with different angles of attack of the holes.

In the same designations denote the same elements.

The dust burner has a centrally arranged pilot burner part ( 1 ) with fuel gas and oxidant supply, a flame monitoring device and a high-voltage ignition and several feed elements ( 6 ) for supplying the dusty fuel and the corresponding oxidizing agent. Pilot burner part and feed elements with Brennstaubzuführung and corresponding oxidant supply are in a common assembly, the burner holder ( 5 ) integrated.

The feeds of the pulverulent fuel and of the oxidizing agent are each in a feed element ( 6 ), which consists of a central tube ( 2 ) for supplying the dusty fuel and is enveloped by another tube ( 3 ) for supplying the oxidizing agent. Each feeder element ( 6 ) is in itself straight and inclined to the burner axis and ends immediately adjacent to the pilot burner mouth ( 1 ).

The entire burner holder ( 5 ) is equipped with a water cooling system in the form of a coiled coil ( 7 ) to dissipate the heat applied to this assembly. In addition, also located in the center of the burner holder pilot burner part ( 1 ) equipped with a separate water cooling system.

A gasification reactor with a capacity of 200 MW gross with a production of 50,000 m ³ i.N / h raw gas 30 Mg / h are fed to a residual moisture content of 10 Ma% dried lignite dust. The process takes place at 4 MPa (40 bar) and the gasification temperature is 1,450 ° C. In the center of the compact burner is the pilot burner ( 1 ), which is operated with natural gas and oxygen. It has an ignition device, the presence of the pilot burner flame is monitored. The oxygen requirement is 15,000 m ³ i · N / h, to which 2 Mg / h steam are added. The gasification burner has 3 feed elements ( 6 ) for the gasification partners, wherein each system with 10 mg / h of fuel dust and 5,000 m ³ i · N / h of oxygen is applied, to which the appropriate amount of water vapor is added. The fuel dust is in the feed tube ( 2 ) to the burner tip and the oxidant in the annulus ( 3 ) also led to the burner tip. In the feeding element ( 6 ) for supplying the dusty fuel ( 2 ) and the oxidizing agent ( 3 ), the operating channels are separated from each other led to the burner mouth, the medi be mixed at the burner mouth after exiting the nozzle element. The nozzle element ( 4 ) ensures a good mixing of the gasification substances. The nozzle element can be used as an exchangeable screw-in nozzle part ( 4 ), which by means of screw connection with the tube of the oxidant supply ( 3 ) is joined together. In order to adapt the flame geometry and formation in the reactor, screw-in nozzle parts ( 4 ) in different designs (number and diameter of the holes and angular position of the exit holes to the center line) are installed.

The feed elements ( 6 ), which form media supply lances, are relative to the central pilot burner ( 1 ) are inclined, with the center lines ML of the feed elements crossing the central axis of the pilot burner. The centerlines can intersect the central axis at one point. In a particular embodiment, the center lines do not intersect the central axis, but pass the central axis at a predetermined distance such that a cylindrical space about the central axis is not cut from the center lines, but the cylinder surface is tangent. Here, the center lines of the feed elements are tilted in the same direction, wherein the forming at the ends of the feed elements flames are entangled against each other.

A channel in ring form ( 8th ) which encloses the central axis of the pilot burner, is connected to the oxidant channels ( 3 ) of the feed elements ( 6 ) connected. About the channel in ring form ( 8th ) the oxidizing agent is supplied to the feed elements. The amount of oxidant fed to the individual feed elements may be in each case in the connection between the channel in the form of a ring ( 8th ) and the respective feed element are monitored, measured and regulated. But it is also possible, the compact lance burner total supplied Oxidationsmittelmenge by means of the channel in ring form ( 8th ) to monitor, measure and control the total amount of oxidant added. The amount of fuel supplied to a delivery element is monitored, measured and regulated separately.

2 shows a nozzle element designed as a screw-in part ( 4 ), which has a central channel for the fuel. On the circumference of the rotationally symmetrical nozzle member a plurality - in Example 16 - holes B arranged, which are aligned so that they inject the oxidizing agent in the fuel stream, after he has left the nozzle element. To adapt to different gasification conditions, such. As different fuels, different gasification reactors, different Einschraubdüsenelemente can be used. The screw-in nozzle elements may differ in terms of number, diameter or orientation of the holes. The axis A of the holes intersects the center line ML of the Einschraubelementes. A portion of the holes may intersect the centerline at a first height and a second portion of the holes may intersect the centerline at a second different height from the first.

3 shows a nozzle member in which the axes A of the holes in the centrally approached fuel flow are court ended, but do not intersect the center line ML, but only cross. In this case, a cylindrical space Z is not cut around the center line of the axes of the holes, but the axes of the holes tangents to the surface of the cylinder Z. The axes of a first part of the holes B1 can affect a first cylinder Z1 and the axes of a second part of the holes B2 a second, different from the first cylinder Z2 tangent. As a result, a particularly uniform enforcement of the fuel can be achieved with the oxidant. The bores of the first part B1 and the bores of the second part B2 may be arranged alternately distributed over the circumference of the nozzle member. Successive holes thus have different angles of attack. In the 3 is also a third part of holes B3 shown, the axes of a third, of the first and second different cylinder Z3 tangent. The holes of the first part, the holes of the second part and the holes of the third part may be arranged over the circumference of the nozzle member such that the bores of adjacent cylinders follow each other, wherein all cylinders are cyclically passed through. In the example, an order B1-B2-B3-B2-B1 results and so forth. The holes are turned on or tilted in the same direction, so that the oxidant supplied through the bores causes the fuel flow to rotate, twisted.

1

pilot burner with gas and oxygen supply and integrated flame monitoring and Hochspannungszündeinrichtung

2

feed pipe for dusty fuel

3

Oxydationsmittelzuführung to dusty fuel

4

Einschraubdüsenteil with holes B for oxidant supply

5

torch holder

6

supply element for dusty fuel and oxidizer

7

wound coil

8th

loop for oxidant supply

A

axis a Büsenbohrung B

B

nozzle bore

ML

center line

Z

cylinder

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DD 271038 A1 [0003]

Claims (16)

Compact lance burners for the gasification of pulverized fuels with a free oxygen-containing oxidant at ambient or higher pressures up to 8 MPa, and temperatures between 800-1800 ° C, wherein - in the compact lance burner a pilot burner ( 1 ), which has an ignition device and a flame monitor, is arranged centrally, - several feed elements ( 6 ) for supplying the dusty fuel ( 2 ) and the oxidizing agent ( 3 ) are distributed on the circumference of the compact lance burner, - the center line of a feed element is inclined to the central axis of the pilot burner, - a feed element ends immediately adjacent to the burner mouth of the pilot burner, - a feed element, a feed tube ( 2 ) for the pulverulent fuel and a concentrically surrounding annular channel ( 3 ) for the oxidizing agent, - the feed element at its end facing the burner mouth a nozzle element ( 4 ), the nozzle element has a plurality of bores B aligned at an angle to the centerline of the feed element to inject the oxidant outside the nozzle element into the fuel stream. Compact lance burner according to claim 1, characterized that the nozzle element in the feed element is attached exchangeably. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that in the feed element different nozzle elements can be fastened. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the nozzle element designed as a screw-in nozzle. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes (A) of the bores (B) of the nozzle element ( 4 ) pass the center line (ML) at a given distance. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that a nozzle element having several groups of holes, the axes of the holes (B1) of the first group pass the center line at a first distance (Z1) and the axes of the holes (B2) of the second group the center line in a second, from the first different distance (Z2) happen. Compact lance burner according to claim 6, characterized that the holes (B1, B2, B3) of different groups on the circumference of the nozzle member alternate each other. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that a nozzle element has several classes of holes, the holes of the first class crossing the center line at a first altitude and the holes of the second class the center line in a second, from the first different height. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the holes of different Classes over the circumference of the nozzle member each other alternate. Compact lance burner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the axes (A) of the bores (B) of the nozzle element ( 4 ) intersect the midline (ML). Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the bores (B, B1, B2, B3) of the nozzle element have different diameters exhibit. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oxidant feeds ( 3 ) of the feed elements ( 6 ) with a common loop ( 8th ) are connected to the supply of the compact lance burner total amount of oxidant supplied. Compact lance burner according to claim 12, characterized in that the amount of oxidant in the loop ( 8th ) is measurable and controllable. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of oxidizing agent for each oxidant supply ( 3 ) is separately measurable and controllable. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dust flow for each feed element ( 6 ) can be separately monitored, measured and regulated. Compact lance burner according to one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the fuel dust as dense combustible gas suspension or as fuel dust-water or Brennstaub-oil suspension the compact lance burner supplied is.