DE202007016031U1 - Hybrid system with a waterwheel - Google Patents

Abstract

Hybrid system for the provision of electrical energy from renewable energy sources
At least one first energy converter (8, 9) for providing electrical energy whose retrievable power is dependent on external influencing factors, in particular the wind supply or solar radiation,
A water wheel (5) which can be operated with water from a first water reservoir (4),
An electric generator (6) driven by the waterwheel (5), and
An electric water pump (7) whose suction side is connected to a second water reservoir (3) and whose pressure side is connected to a first water reservoir (4), wherein the first water reservoir (4) is arranged above the second water reservoir (3) and the at least one first energy converter (8, 9) and the electric generator (6) are connected to an electrical supply network (1).

Description

The The invention relates to a hybrid system for providing electrical Energy from renewable energy sources.

such Hybrid systems are known from the prior art. they draw characterized by the fact that different regenerative energy sources for providing electrical energy used to be independent from the availability provide electrical energy to a given source of energy to be able to.

An example is from the German patent application DE 10 2004 046 701 A1 known. The known hybrid system is referred to as a regenerative energy system and combines a wind turbine that generates electrical energy and fed into a supply network, with an internal combustion engine, which is powered by a fuel derived from renewable resources, such as rapeseed oil. The internal combustion engine drives a generator and thus generates electrical energy, which is also fed into the supply network. In essence, the known hybrid system is intended for a supply of isolated networks. The combustion engine, which is driven by rapeseed oil, replaces a diesel generator that is traditionally used and can thus improve the environmental compatibility.

Another approach is from the German patent application DE 197 20 700 A1 has become known, which relates to a method and a device for storing electrical energy. In this patent application is provided in one embodiment, to combine a wind farm with a pumped storage plant. The pumped storage plant uses a decommissioned mine as a low-lying water reservoir. Water from a higher reservoir, such as a river, enters the mine, driving a turbine. The turbine uses a generator to generate electrical energy that can be fed into a grid. With the help of separate pumps is provided that pump water from the mine back to the higher water reservoir back.

From that Based on the object of the invention, a hybrid system for Provision of electrical energy from renewable energy sources to disposal To put, which is simple and robust, only a minimum requires maintenance and expertise to operate, and also on a small scale economical and reliable supplier electrical energy can be used.

These Task is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are in the subclaims specified.

• – mindestens einen ersten Energiewandler zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie, dessen abrufbare Leistung von externen Einflussfaktoren, insbesondere dem Windangebot oder der Sonneneinstrahlung, abhängig ist,
• – ein Wasserrad, das mit Wasser aus einem ersten Wasserreservoir betreibbar ist,
• – einen elektrischen Generator, der von dem Wasserrad angetrieben wird, und
• – eine elektrische Wasserpumpe, deren Saugseite mit einem zweiten Wasserreservoir und deren Druckseite mit dem ersten Wasserreservoir verbunden ist, wobei das erste Wasserreservoir oberhalb des zweiten Wasserreservoirs angeordnet ist, und der mindestens eine erste Energiewandler und der elektrische Generator mit einem elektrischen Versorgungsnetz verbunden sind.

The hybrid system according to the invention for providing electrical energy from renewable energy sources has

• At least one first energy converter for providing electrical energy whose retrievable power is dependent on external influencing factors, in particular the wind supply or solar radiation,
• A waterwheel operable with water from a first water reservoir,
• - An electric generator, which is driven by the waterwheel, and
• - An electric water pump whose suction side is connected to a second water reservoir and the pressure side with the first water reservoir, wherein the first water reservoir is disposed above the second water reservoir, and the at least one first energy converter and the electric generator are connected to an electrical supply network.

These Hybrid system also allows providing electrical energy then, if the at least one first energy converter due unfavorable external Influencing factors no electrical energy or only a small one Quantity available can make. In this case, the potential energy of the opposite increased second water reservoir Water in the first water reservoir with the help of the water wheel and of the electrical generator are converted into electrical energy, to meet a need. Waterwheel and electric generator form a micro hydropower plant. With favorable external influencing factors and / or with low demand for electrical energy, the provided by the at least one first energy converter electrical Energy used to operate the electric water pump, to pump water into the first water reservoir. This will cause the excess electrical Energy stored as potential energy in the first water reservoir. Consumers can be connected to the electrical supply network become.

The hybrid system according to the invention is characterized by an extremely simple and robust construction. It can be operated largely maintenance-free. In particular, it requires no special expertise to understand and operate the individual components of the hybrid system. If necessary, even simpler repairs without special expertise are possible. This makes it possible to operate the hybrid system as a reliable and robust source of energy even in remote regions and without highly qualified specialist personnel. The dimensioning of the hybrid system is flexible and can be geographic given adjust the system. For example, the possibilities for creating suitable water reservoirs or for using already naturally existing water reservoirs by selecting a suitable water wheel and a suitable flow rate can be flexibly utilized. Depending on the available gradient, ie depending on the height difference between the water levels of the two water reservoirs, the type of water wheel can be set, for example, as a top, bottom or mittelschlachtiges waterwheel. Depending on the design, the diameter of the water wheel is usually in the range between 2 m and 12 m. With a water wheel corresponding to a small diameter or an undershot water wheel very small height differences are already usable. On the other hand, if the local conditions suggest a greater height difference between the two water reservoirs, this can also be optimally utilized by adapting the water wheel, for example by using an overshot water wheel of correspondingly large diameter. The performance of a water wheel results from the product of the height of fall and the amount of water (displacement), with increasing amounts of water can be accommodated by a water wheel corresponding to large width.

One Another advantage is that a Water wheel with appropriate design already at low heights of for example, 1 m and at low absorption volumes its maximum Achieved performance. In contrast, water turbines are only at larger fall heights and usually with larger absorption volumes economically usable. A waterwheel is for the intended application also why a water turbine superior, because it no consuming Speed control is needed and because it is less prone to fluctuating water quantities and is contaminated with leaf drift or suspended matter. The latter provides for water turbines because of the high speeds one Significant danger that a complex computer system for cleaning of water.

Basically the utility grid may be any utility grid, for example the supply network of a local power company. Preferably, however, the supply network is a Islanding. The hybrid system according to the invention is for the island operation particularly suitable, because they are completely independent of another source electrical energy can be operated. In particular, one is Restarting the hybrid system even after a long break readily possible. The hybrid system can therefore also be built in remote regions and be put into operation without any further energy supply.

According to one Design is the supply network a low voltage network. In this case can electrical consumers particularly easy to the supply network be connected. A transformer or a separate High or medium voltage network is not required.

In In one embodiment, the at least one first energy converter a photovoltaic system on. A photovoltaic system generates electrical Energy directly from sunlight. It can be virtually maintenance free and operated without a complex control. Also preferred is the use of a wind turbine, which is also robust and can be simple.

Prefers There are several first energy converters that have different use renewable energy sources. For example, a wind turbine be combined with a photovoltaic system. In this way becomes a dependency of first energy converter from a single external factor avoided. The availability the electrical energy of the at least one first energy converter can be greatly increased become. In the example, the wind turbine at times without adequate Solar radiation, for example, at night, to be operated while the Photovoltaic system with sufficient sunlight even then electrical energy provides when the wind turbine in Following a doldrums must be turned off.

In In another embodiment, the first water reservoir is opposite the second water reservoir increased by 1 to 10 m. Height differences of this magnitude are for the operation of a waterwheel completely sufficient. In contrast to that goes from the prior art known hybrid plant using a disused mine and a turbine from a height difference of z. B. 1000 m. This illustrates the comparatively minimal Structural effort required for the Construction of suitable water reservoirs in the hybrid plant according to the invention is required.

According to one embodiment, the second water reservoir is formed by a natural river, a lake or a sea. In principle, the second, deeper water reservoir can also be formed by a tank or an artificial water system. For example, an artificially created concrete pool can be used. By exploiting the natural conditions, however, costs and costs for the construction of the hybrid system according to the invention can be significantly reduced. For example, the use of rock faces or other depressions in the ground may be considered. With a suitable substrate, for example clay soil, such a depression can be used directly as a water reservoir. It is also possible Sealing using a foil, similar to artificial ponds.

In individual cases Also, the first water reservoir can already due to favorable circumstances be present in nature. However, it usually becomes necessary be to artificially create the first water reservoir. For example can be on a slight hill a pond or a basin are created. This is comparatively simple measures possible.

Prefers The first water reservoir is a fishpond. That way is a meaningful second use of the water reservoir possible. This is particularly possible therefore because the use of a water wheel only very low demands on the Cleanliness of the water used. Even larger contaminants pose no problem. Even with a parallel use of the first water reservoir as a fish pond are thus no or only very simple measures for cleaning the water when it is removed from the water reservoir necessary.

In an embodiment is the maximum power of the electric generator is less than 50 kW. In this relatively low power range, a waterwheel can already be used very efficiently. This is true even for a maximum Power of the electric generator of, for example, only a few kW or less than 1 kW.

In In one embodiment, the maximum electrical power of the at least a first energy converter greater than the maximum power of the electric generator. Conveniently, the entire hybrid system is designed so that the demand after electrical energy in the supply network if necessary from the electric generator of the water wheel temporarily alone can be provided. The mentioned dimensioning of at least a first energy converter then ensures that always then, if the at least one first energy converter with its maximum Power is operated, the highest expected supply of the supply network are covered and at the same time the water pump to fill the first water reservoir can be operated. It is thereby a high availability the electric energy with a far-reaching independence from the currently retrievable performance of the at least one first Energy converter achieved.

According to one Design is provided a controller that provided the Performance of the hybrid system by controlling the flow of water to Waterwheel and / or the at least one first energy converter and / or the water pump controls. Through the controlled supply of the waterwheel can the amount of those provided by the electric generator electrical energy can be influenced.

In In one embodiment, the hybrid system feeds a predefinable Setpoint corresponding power in the supply network. Prefers the setpoint specification takes place depending on the demand for electrical energy in the supply network. It can be a scheme be provided to this target value.

In One embodiment is a remote monitoring system provided that monitors the operation of the hybrid system and in the case of disorder sends a message. Through the remote monitoring system, a disorder the hybrid system reliably detected be without this qualified specialist staff would have to be on site. As a result of the remote monitoring system Deposed message can be a qualified service technician Repair the system. If necessary, he is through the Message already over the nature of the disorder informed so that he needed Bring spare parts and the system usually at its first Visit on site can be repaired.

In In one embodiment, the waterwheel is a segmented rim waterwheel. Such water wheels exist from similar segments, by their number and arrangement of Diameter and the width of the water wheel can be adjusted. Thereby can different, adapted to the particular circumstances hybrid systems be built on the basis of the same components.

In In another embodiment, the first water reservoir and / or the second water reservoir designed as inflatable plastic basin. The Plastic basin can Made of a plastic film and inflatable elements, the the side walls form the basin, and have a bottom. The basin can be covered by another foil to prevent the water from evaporating too protect. Such water reservoirs are easy to transport and can after Need to be used in different places. alternative can plastic containers closed on all sides used as water reservoirs become. These can with be provided a drain, an inlet and a vent. You can take off be made of a flexible plastic film and, for example cuboid be. When using an all-round, flexible plastic container similar to one huge Plastic bag is sufficient stability easier to reach than in an inflatable construction. There is also an overflow excluded due to deformation of a pelvic wall.

In In another embodiment, the hybrid system has a container in which a controller is arranged and a fastening device for at least having one of the first energy converter and / or the waterwheel. The container may preferably be a 20-foot or a 40-foot standard container be. The fastening device may, for example, a receptacle for the Tower of a wind turbine or for a photovoltaic system. This makes the hybrid system easy to transport and can be used as needed in different locations. simultaneously the controller is housed in the container safe and protected from the weather.

According to one Embodiment, the electric water pump is arranged in the container. In this case, the container connections for lines to the first and Have second water reservoir, with the pressure or suction side the pump can be connected. This can be in addition to the controller as well protected the water pump be installed in the container, and simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the plant yourself.

In an embodiment can the water wheel and at least one of the water reservoirs for transportation stowed in the container. This simplifies the transport the hybrid system. Particularly suitable for this embodiment is the Use of inflatable plastic basins or other plastic containers as Water reservoirs, because they have suitable packing dimensions in the emptied state can. Preferably also find the first energy converter in the container Space or are space-saving on the top, for example, hinged, attached. This allows the entire hybrid system as a compact unit be transported, if necessary, also over long distances by ship, railway or trucks.

The Invention will be described below with reference to two figures Embodiments explained in more detail. It demonstrate:

1 shows a hybrid system according to the invention in a simplified, schematic representation;

2 shows a further inventive hybrid system with a container in a simplified, schematic representation.

The hybrid system off 1 has two first energy converters in the form of a wind turbine 8th and a photovoltaic system 9 , Both are via a common electrical line 10 and suitable network connection means 11 with one at 1 indicated local supply network connected. The network connection means 11 can z. B. include a transformer or an inverter.

About another electrical line 12 reaches the electrical energy of the wind turbine 8th and the photovoltaic system 9 to an electric water pump 7 which is driven by an electric motor. At the water pump 7 it is a robust, commercial water pump. The water pump 7 Promotes water from a second water reservoir 3 over a pipeline 13 in a first water reservoir 4 , The first water reservoir 4 is arranged opposite the second water reservoir increased by a few meters.

From the first water reservoir, the water passes through another pipeline 14 equipped with a controllable shut-off valve 15 is provided to an undershot waterwheel 5 which is a generator 6 drives. Downstream of the waterwheel, the water becomes the second water reservoir 3 directed. The one by the waterwheel 5 powered electric generator 6 Generates electrical energy directly or possibly via other suitable network connection means in the local supply network 1 is fed.

To control the hybrid system is a controller 2 , which as an input 16 the electrical power provided by the first energy converters, that of the generator 6 provided electrical power and a predetermined setpoint 17 for those in the local supply network 1 requested electrical power receives. The control 2 generated in accordance with the setpoint 17 and the currently provided electric power of the hybrid system, a control signal 18 for the controllable control valve 15 for needs-based control of the waterwheel 5 ,

The hybrid system after 1 is intended for island operation and can with the generator 6 provide an electric power of 5 kW. With a fall height of approx. 3.5 m an amount of water of approx. 200 l / s is required. To demand for an electric power of 5 kW for a period of 4 h regardless of the power of the wind turbine 8th and the photovoltaic system 9 Cover is about 2900 m ^{3 of} water in the first water reservoir 3 reproach. For example, a suitable pool may have a footprint of 40m x 40m and a height of 1.8m.

Another hybrid system according to the invention is in 2 shown. Same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG 1 Mistake. In the embodiment shown are the controller 2 and the electric water pump 7 in a standard 20-foot container 20 accommodated. It A standard 40-foot container can also be used. The container has connections through which the pressure side of the water pump 7 by means of suitable lines with the first water reservoir 4 , the suction side of the water pump 7 with the second water reservoir 3 connected is.

The first water reservoir 4 is above the container 20 marked, what about one or more meters opposite the second water reservoir 3 to illustrate elevated position. The waterwheel 5 that the electric generator 6 drives is attached to the container with a frame. Alternatively, the waterwheel 5 with the help of a separate, supported on the ground rack. As in the embodiment of 1 becomes the water wheel 5 with water from the first water reservoir 4 driven and then leads the water in the second water reservoir 3 from. Both water reservoirs 3 . 4 are designed in the form of inflatable plastic basins and can be folded together for transportation and in the container 20 be stowed.

The wind turbine 8th has a tower that hinges on a fastening device on the roof of the container 20 is attached. Thus, the container serves 20 as a foundation, which has sufficient capacity for wind turbines of the intended size. The photovoltaic system 9 is also as a hinged module to a fastening device on the roof of the container 20 attached.

The of wind energy plant 8th , Photovoltaic system 9 and generator 6 provided electrical energy is in accordance with the control 2 in an island network 1 fed. The control 2 in particular takes over the regulation of the waterwheel 5 driving water quantity and controls the electric water pump 7 ,

Claims (20)

Hybrid system for the provision of electrical energy from regenerative energy sources with at least one first energy converter ( 8th . 9 ) for the supply of electrical energy, whose retrievable power is dependent on external influencing factors, in particular the wind supply or solar radiation, • a water wheel ( 5 ) with water from a first water reservoir ( 4 ) is operable, • an electric generator ( 6 ), of the waterwheel ( 5 ), and • an electric water pump ( 7 ), the suction side with a second water reservoir ( 3 ) and its pressure side with a first water reservoir ( 4 ), the first water reservoir ( 4 ) above the second water reservoir ( 3 ) and the at least one first energy converter ( 8th . 9 ) and the electric generator ( 6 ) with an electrical supply network ( 1 ) are connected. Hybrid installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply network ( 1 ) is an island network. Hybrid installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply network ( 1 ) is a low voltage network. Hybrid installation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one first energy converter has a photovoltaic system ( 9 ) having. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one first energy converter is a wind energy plant ( 8th ) having. Hybrid installation according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of first energy converters ( 8th . 9 ) that use different regenerative energy sources. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first water reservoir ( 4 ) opposite the second water reservoir ( 3 ) is increased by 1 to 10 m. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second water reservoir ( 3 ) is formed by a natural river, a lake or sea. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first water reservoir ( 4 ) is artificially created. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first water reservoir ( 4 ) is a fish pond. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the maximum power of the electric generator ( 6 ) is less than 50 kW. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the electrical power of the at least one first energy converter ( 8th . 9 ) greater than the power of the electric generator ( 6 ). Hybrid installation according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a control system ( 2 ) is provided, the provided electric power of the hybrid system by controlling the Flow rate of the water wheel ( 5 ) and / or the at least one first energy converter ( 8th . 9 ) and / or the water pump ( 7 ) controls. Hybrid installation according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hybrid installation has a predefinable setpoint value ( 17 ) corresponding power in the supply network ( 1 ) feeds. Hybrid system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a Remote monitoring system is provided which monitors the operation of the hybrid system and in case of failure sends a message. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the water wheel ( 5 ) is a segment wreath waterwheel. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the first water reservoir ( 4 ) and / or the second water reservoir ( 3 ) are designed as inflatable plastic basins. Hybrid installation according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a container ( 20 ), in which a controller ( 2 ) and which has a fastening device for at least one of the first energy converters ( 8th . 9 ) and / or the waterwheel ( 5 ) on the container. Hybrid installation according to claim 18, characterized in that an electric water pump ( 7 ) in the container ( 20 ) is arranged. Hybrid installation according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the water wheel ( 5 ) and at least one of the two water reservoirs ( 3 . 4 ) for transport in the container ( 20 ) can be stowed.