DE202007014855U1 - Trawler capsule - Google Patents

Abstract

Fish feed capsule consisting of a capsule shell (1) and a liquid or suspension-like fish feed (5) enclosed in the capsule shell (1), characterized in that a gas phase (6) determining the buoyancy of the fish feed capsule is arranged in the capsule interior of the fish feed capsule.

Description

The invention relates to fish feed capsules which consist of a capsule shell and a liquid or suspensions-like fish feed enclosed in the capsule shell.

Fish food, fishing lures and fishing attractants are produced and offered in a variety of forms. There are natural products, as well as specially composed mixtures, which are then presented in various forms.

The near-natural fodder and fishing lures are the first products used for this area, as they are the "real" food of the fish, and relatively easy to obtain.

Water fleas, mosquito larvae, crab flea crabs, flies, worms, maggots, artemia and other small animals are served in live, frozen and also in dried form the ornamental fish, but also used as fishing lures. Plant parts and fruits such as corn, wheat and other cereals are common feed and or bait for commercial and fishing fish.

Many of these near-natural feed and fishing lures are used as ingredients of feed and bait mixtures.

Another large product group of feed and fishing bait species is dry food. These are feed mixtures consisting of animal and vegetable raw materials, which are partially enriched with vitamins, preservatives, medicines and medicines.

Depending on the dosage form, there are a variety of manufacturing processes, the feed mixtures used are usually very similar.

Flake food is a finely sliced feed mixture, which is then freeze-dried. Due to the production, these flakes have a rough and a smooth side due to the cutting. Depending on which side the flocs hit the water, the flocs that fall with the rough side on the water surface sink faster than the flocs that float with the smooth side on the water surface from. This property of the flakes is shown by the provider as an extra so desired advantage. Flake food is available in a variety of varieties.

Granules, boilies and pellets are made from similar feed mixtures as flakes, but they are usually treated with thermal drying methods. Granules and boilies immediately sink to the bottom due to their composition, whereas for pellets sinking as well as floating products are offered.

Tablets and chips are foods that consist of mostly powdered raw materials and are pressed into shape. As starting materials are u. a. used dried feed animals, flakes, pellets and plant parts. Tablets and chips usually fall immediately to the ground and are intended for the animals living there.

Lock chucks are fishing lures used to attract fish. Lockfutter is offered in powder form. This feed mixture is moistened and shaped by the angler shortly before use. The resulting lumps are thrown into the water, where then from the decaying lumps a "fodder cloud" consisting of fine components is created, which lures small fish by their smell.

In addition, medicated flakes and tablets are known. Are mixed with medicinal and / or medicated feed mixtures. These are used primarily for the treatment of bacterial diseases and against parasitic infestation.

In Scripture WO 2005/115341 A2 are described microparticles and microbeads, which consist of an indigestible polymer matrix, are included in the fish feed ingredients, and which is additionally surrounded by a protective jacket described.

Another production method of fish food is the microencapsulation, in which, for example, micro-feed animals or even algae as core material, sprayed together with a shell material and thus preserved.

Pure liquid fish food containing suspended phytoplankton and zooplankton is available for rearing fish fry or aquatic invertebrates such as sea anemones or corals.

In addition to the feeding of ornamental and farmed fish, fish feeds are used as bait and bait in fishing. These are usually feed and bait mixtures that are incorporated in doughs and pastes. The pasty pastes are a paste-like feed mix consisting of different feed animals. Fish pie is available in two forms. One variant is ready-made dough mixes, which are packed in tubes or jars and are used by the angler immediately. The second form are powder mixtures which are mixed with water before use. Both feed mixtures contain herbal as well as animal components as well as flavorings.

A disadvantage of the feed containing live food animals is that these animals have a natural instinct for flight. This property means that these hide in aquariums, breeding ponds or ponds and multiply there uncontrollably or die off. This can permanently change the water quality and the ecology of the waters. Similar problems also feed, such as feed pastes, sinking frozen food and dried food animals, which are not immediately absorbed.

Many dry food mixes tend to dilute. That is, immediately after the introduction of the feed into the water, the odors, flavors and colors dissolve. By this property, on the one hand, the water is polluted and on the other hand fish take this food no longer. Forage, which lies on the ground in cracks and gaps, is accessible to only a few species of fish, so that a large part of the feed remains unused and their decomposition products also leads to a change in the ecological climate in the aquarium, pond or breeding tank. As a rule, a decomposition of the feed leads to an over-fertilization of the habitat, which u. a. can express in an algae blossomed.

Medicated flakes and tablets are very reluctant or ingestible by most fish. The cause of this behavior is the odor and taste particles which are emitted by the drug-containing flakes and tablets and are negatively perceptible to the fish.

The "liquid food for fish" is reluctant to use by many aquarists, as most microencapsulated micro animals and algae sink quickly to the ground, and thus are unsuitable for the rearing of small juvenile fish, as they need floating feed. When breeding fry, the rule is that the fish should be in the feed.

In summary, the known fish food as well as bait and bait agents have significant disadvantages. Many types of food and baits quickly lose their odor, taste and color, meaning that they water down. Others do not smell or taste the fish or sink quickly to the ground. These properties have an anti-receptive effect on the fish, which leads to a change in the ecological climate of the habitat of the fish.

Another disadvantage of the known fish food is that the feed is not according to the habitats, d. H. the water depths, in which the fish predominantly live, can be offered. Fish that live on the ground do not or rarely swim up to the water surface to absorb food. For sufficient feeding, the feed must first have sunk to the ground. In contrast, fish that live near the surface of the water do not absorb food particles that have sunk to the bottom.

• 1. eine hohe Akzeptanz bei der Aufnahme durch die eingearbeiteten Aromastoffe;
• 2. es ist in vielen Farben und Formen herstellbar sein;
• 3. der Inhalt ist reich an Vitaminen, Nähr- und oder Lockstoffen;
• 4. es bietet einen Schutz der Inhaltstoffe vor Verwässerung;
• 5. Bestandteile, die nicht aufgenommen werden, sind biologisch abbaubar, ohne jedoch das ökologische Klima des Lebensraums des Fisches nachhaltig zu verändern;
• 6. das Sink-, Schwebe-, bzw. Schwimmverhalten ist individuell durch die Zusammensetzung steuerbar;
• 7. bei Lock- und Ködermittel wird der Lockstoffe langsam an die Umgebung abgegeben;
• 8. die Entwicklung von für Fische unangenehme Geruchs- und Geschmacksstoffe, welche beispielsweise durch Arzneizusätze entstehen können, sind minimiert oder gar ausgeschlossen;
• 9. das Fischfuttermittel ist in hoher und gleichbleibender Qualität industriell und preiswert herstellbar;
• 10. das Fischfutter ist den Fischen in ihrem bevorzugten Lebensraum, beispielsweise in einer bestimmten Wassertiefe, dauerhaft anbietbar und zugänglich.

The requirements that are placed on an optimized fish food are thus:

• 1. a high acceptance in the intake by the incorporated flavorings;
• 2. It can be produced in many colors and shapes;
• 3. the content is rich in vitamins, nutrients and / or attractants;
• 4. it provides protection of ingredients from dilution;
• 5. Ingredients that are not absorbed are biodegradable, but without changing the ecological climate of the fish's habitat;
• 6. the sinking, floating, or swimming behavior is individually controlled by the composition;
• 7. in the case of bait and bait agents, the attractant is released slowly to the environment;
• 8. the development of unpleasant odors and flavors for fish, which can be caused for example by addition of medicaments, are minimized or even excluded;
• 9. the fish feed is produced in high and consistent quality industrially and inexpensively;
• 10. The fish food is the fish in their preferred habitat, for example, in a certain depth of water, permanently available and accessible.

The stated requirements are achieved by a fish feed capsule which consists of a capsule shell and a liquid or suspension-like fish feed enclosed in the capsule shell and a gas phase which determines the buoyancy of the capsule.

A suspension-type fish feed is a feed comprising a suspension, i. H. a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles are distributed in a liquid.

The capsule shell is used as a transport, lock and packaging means and as part of the food.

The capsule shell is made of a material that can be safely consumed by the fish. Such materials are in particular gelatins of animal origin, alginates, starch, polyvinyl alcohols, chitosan, carrageenan, cellulose derivatives, Eudragit ^® and other aquatic life of metabolisable or excretable immobilizates.

Preferably, it dissolves the capsule shell after feeding in the water in a period of preferably 0.5 to 3 hours, especially in a period of 1 to 2 hours, without residue. The capsule shell is stable in a particular embodiment over a wide range to light and temperature influences and pH changes and chemically and biologically active ingredients. At the same time, the membrane is configured in such a way that neither feed components nor the gas phase can escape during storage of the feed capsule and thus preserve the properties of the fish feed capsules over a long storage period. Soft gelatin capsules, in particular, have the required membrane properties.

In the capsule shell odors and flavors can be incorporated. This has the advantage of being able to cover or overlay the fish negatively perceptible flavors and odors, which may be the constituents of the fish food or the drug zuigen.

At the same time, these flavors and fragrances can attract the fish. Such attractants may be flavors, essential oils, animal or plant extracts, for example worm or algae extracts, flavoring agents such as spices, algae or other substances that are readily consumed by the fish and encourage them to eat the fish food capsule.

Also, the capsule shell may be colored. Here are preferably food colors or dyes that are harmless to health, used. The fish food capsule can be one or more colors.

The fish food capsule may consist of two or more capsule parts containing different compositions of a fish food, drug or a combination thereof. For example, in the manufacture of soft gelatin capsules, these may consist of two gelatin capsule halves, which may contain different gelatin mixtures. The food capsule parts can be colored differently. Also, the viscosity of the fish feed in the respective Futterkapselteilen be different levels. Thus, a fish food capsule can be produced, on the one hand, an area in which liquid or low-viscosity fish food, flavorings and / or odors are included, and on the other hand, an area that may be highly viscous or solid. Such fish feed capsules are preferably used in fishing. The solid portion of such a fish food capsule is used to fix the fish food capsule on fishing hooks or other fishing tackle. When attaching the fish food capsule to a fishing hook, the capsule is skewered like a commercial bait with the fixed area on the fishing hook and fixed so. The area of the capsule containing liquid or low-viscosity feed, flavorings and / or odors, in particular attractants, serves to bait the fish. This capsule area can be set up in such a way that the bait and feed materials are released slowly. The release can be carried out by dissolving the capsule shell in an aqueous medium or by mechanical action.

In a further embodiment, the fish food capsules may consist of capsule parts containing or having differing flavors, colors and gelatinous strengths.

The liquid or suspension-like fish feed preferably consists of a liquid lipophilic matrix, in particular a vegetable or animal oil, in which further additives such as liquid and / or solid feed ingredients are incorporated. Also, the lipophilic matrix may be a water-in-oil emulsion. Further feed components are preferably vitamins, carotenoids, dissolved minerals and trace elements, proteins and / or carbohydrates and fibrous materials. In a preferred embodiment, ground or pulverized feed animals are incorporated in the lipophilic matrix.

In the further course of the description is meant by naming the fish feed both a purely liquid and a suspension-like fish feed.

The buoyancy and buoyancy characteristics of the fish feed capsule are adjustable by the proportion of the gas phase to the surface volume ratio and the weight of the fish feed capsule. The capsule shell can not be arbitrarily reduced due to the manufacturing process and its stability and the use of "light" ingredients can not be increased arbitrarily. As a problem solution, a gas phase located in the capsule is indicated.

To enrich the capsule shell with gas bubbles is less expedient because it affects the stability and permeability of the membrane and thus the tightness. By forming a gas phase inside the capsule these problems are solved.

Depending on the chosen size of the portion of the gas phase per capsule, the fish food capsule a floating, ie on the water surface driving, or a floating, ie standing in a certain depth of water or even a sinking capsule.

This offers the advantage of being able to offer fish in their preferred habitats, usually a certain depth of water or water layer, feed.

The fish food capsules are preferably spherical, oblong, oval, twist off or torpedo-shaped. However, any other form is possible. The fish food capsule have a size of 0.5 to 50 mm, preferably 2 to 40 mm, in particular 5 to 20 mm, wherein in non-spherical formats in each case the largest diameter is indicated here.

The formation of a gas phase inside the capsule is achieved as follows. First, the solid ingredients of the fish feed are mixed and ground. These are added to the lipophilic matrix. Subsequently, further liquid constituents of the lipophilic matrix are added. To avoid premature gas leakage during the manufacturing process, the liquid or suspension fish food is thickened, d. H. increases their viscosity. This can be achieved, for example, by incorporation into liquid beeswax. Also, the viscosity may be modified by the addition of thickeners such as alginic acid, agar, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, tragacanth, gum arabic, xanthan, karaya, tara gum, gellan, pectin, cellulose, cellulose ethers, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, modified starch , Agar, gelatin, pectin, sago, PEG, polyacryric acid or other cellulose derivatives.

This is followed by degassing of the fish feed, in particular to expel the reactive oxygen from the fish feed, which would lead to oxidation and thus premature destruction of the feed components.

In a further process step, the entry of a gas phase which is unreactive with respect to the constituents of the feed takes place. Here, the thickened and degassed feed is mixed with vigorous stirring with a gas or gas mixture. This process is carried out, for example, by an impeller with a gassing basket, under which the gas outlet (feinperlig) is mounted, with the flow direction upwards. The amount of gas added depends on the desired buoyancy force, which determines whether the feed capsule floats, floats or sinks.

After completion of the gas addition, the filler is under constant stirring and protective gas in the form of a gas barrier, which preferably has the same composition as the registered gas phase, immediately encapsulated. Due to the protective fumigation, the fish food is not only protected from oxygen contact and prevents entry of oxygen into the fish food, but it is again entered by stirring gas fractions in the fish feed, whereby the gas content in fish food can be kept almost constant.

The gas used is preferably nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or another gas which is not reactive with the ingredients of the fish feed. It is also possible to use a nitrogen / argon mixture or another non-reactive gas mixture. Nitrogen or argon are safe for the fish and are excreted after digestion, because it comes during feeding regularly to absorb gases, which is then eliminated with the feces.

The gaseous fish feed is then enclosed in a capsule shell by known methods. Such methods are known from the encapsulation of drugs, nutritional supplements or cosmetics. When using soft gelatin, this is preferably an encapsulation process in which, on an encapsulating machine, from the gelatin solution, under cooling, two endless belts are formed which are passed between two counter-rotating forming rollers. These rollers are provided with cup-shaped depressions, by means of which from the gelatin bands each two opposing pieces are punched out, which in turn are welded together under pressure and a slight temperature at the edge. Immediately before the final closing of the circumferential seam, the flowable and pumpable capsule contents are injected synchronously with the rotation by means of a pump and an associated filling wedge.

• 1. Es wird ca. 1/3 der für das Fischfuttermittel benötigten tierischen und oder pflanzlichen Öle in einen separaten Behälter gefüllt. Das Wachs, vorzugsweise Bienenwachs oder aber ein anderes Wachs, welches für die Herstellung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln verwendet werden darf, wird ebenfalls in einen eigenen Behälter gefüllt.
• 2. Das Wachs wird auf 50–60°C erhitzt.
• 3. Das erhitzte Wachs wird unter ständigem Rühren langsam mit dem Öl vermischt. Die Mischung wird dabei langsam unter die Schmelztemperatur des Kapselhüllenmaterials abgekühlt.
• 4. Zugabe der sonstigen Futtermittelbestandteile sowie des restlichen Öls.
• 5. Das Fischfuttermittel wird in einer Mühle feinvermahlen.
• 6. Das Fischfuttermittel wird entgast.
• 7. Begasen des Fischfuttermittels mit einem nicht mit dem Fischfuttermittel reaktivem Gas, vorzugsweise Stickstoff oder ein Stickstoff Argon Gemisch, unter hoher Dispergierung. Die Menge des zugesetzten Gases wird durch das gewünschte Sink- oder Schwebeverhalten der Kapsel bestimmt.
• 8. Einrichten einer Gassperre.
• 9. Rühren des Fischfuttermittels unter Erhalt der Gassperre
• 10. Verkapseln des Fischfuttermittels

auf.A preferred production method comprises the method steps

• 1. About 1/3 of the animal and / or vegetable oils required for the fish feed are placed in a separate container. The wax, preferably beeswax or other wax, which may be used for the preparation of dietary supplements, is also filled in its own container.
• 2. The wax is heated to 50-60 ° C.
• 3. The heated wax is slowly mixed with the oil while stirring constantly. The mixture is cooled slowly below the melting temperature of the capsule shell material.
• 4. Addition of the other feed ingredients and the remaining oil.
• 5. The fish feed is finely ground in a mill.
• 6. The fish feed is degassed.
• 7. Fumigating the fish feed with a gas not reactive with the fish feed, preferably nitrogen or a nitrogen argon mixture, with high dispersion. The amount of gas added is determined by the desired sink or float behavior of the capsule.
• 8. Set up a gas lock.
• 9. Stir fish food to obtain the gas barrier
• 10. Encapsulating fish food

on.

In an alternative manufacturing process, the liquid wax phase and the fish food are separately prepared and degassed prior to combining. The first third of the degassed fish feed is then added to the liquid wax phase and mixed with it. In the remaining 2/3 of the fish feed, the non-reactive gas is dispersed. In a further process step, the non-reactive gas added fish feed is stirred into the degassed wax / fish feed template under a gas barrier. Finally, the finished fish feed is encapsulated.

In addition, the fish feed capsules can be produced by dripping. With this technology, fish food capsules can be produced with a capsule size in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, which are hollow spherical. In a preferred method, the hollow spheres are formed by a coaxial droplet over which a gas stream, in particular a gas stream of a gas which is not reactive with the feed constituents, or a vibration, is superimposed. The capsule shell is formed by crosslinking in a crosslinking bath, precipitation, solidification or by other known chemical or physical processes used in this field of technology.

The fish food capsules may contain medicines for treating fish diseases in the event of illness. These may be combined alone or in combination with one or more other drugs and / or with a fish feed. The fish feed capsules are preferably used for the treatment of diseases or parasitic infestations such as white spot disease in both fresh and seawater, heart-shaped skin turbidity, small bean-like skin dryness, circular skin blush, velvet disease, gill flukes, mycoses, lymphocystis, intestinal flagellates, milling head worm, as well as bacterial, viral or spur venom-related diseases "Used. The medicinal fish food capsule can be prepared as a feedable food capsule or as a depot capsule. A medicated fish food capsule is a capsule that can be absorbed by fish in size and taste. It serves for a systemic treatment of the disease of the fish. Depot capsules are capsules that are sufficiently large or have a negative taste for fish so that they are not absorbed by the fish. They are placed in the surrounding space of the fish. Depot capsules are particularly designed so that a continuous release of the drug takes place over a long period. This can be controlled via the dissolution behavior or the permeability of the capsule shell in an aqueous medium. With Depotkapsel an external treatment, such as a treatment of parasites or fungi on the skin surface of the fish can be achieved by release of the drug in the surrounding space of the fish.

The invention also relates to a fish food kit consisting of various fish feed capsules with mutually varying buoyancy properties and / or different fish feeds. This can be used to feed different species of fish in their individual habitats, which here means the different water layers (water surface, middle water layers, soil). Each fish receives its specially prepared and optimized feed in its habitat. Thus, a targeted feeding of fish according to their needs is possible. Fodder competition and feed intolerance by catching food at the surface or at the bottom of the basin are avoided.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments.

The figures show

1 : Cross-sectional view of a fish feed capsule,

2a -C: schematic representation of an alternative of the manufacturing process.

In 1 is a hollow spherical fish food capsule consisting of a capsule shell 1 and a fish feed located in the capsule interior 5 shown. The capsule shell 1 consists of solid soft gelatin 2 in the dyes 3 and flavorings 4 are incorporated. The fish feed 5 consists of solid particles 7 , in particular powdered feed animals, and wax particles 8th , In fish feed 5 are gas bubbles 6 whose proportion in relation to the surface volume ratio and Weight of the fish feed capsule determine the buoyancy of the fish feed capsule.

A schematic representation of an alternative of the manufacturing process is in 2a -C shown. The manufacturing plant consists of a tank 9 ( 2a ), in which a wax phase 10 submitted and at 50-60 ° C by means of a heat source 11 is heated. The 2 B shows the process of blending the wax phase 10 with feed ingredients incorporated in a lipophilic base 12 , For mixing the two phases is a stirrer 13 equipped, with which, with cooling of the mixture of wax phase and oil, a homogeneous mixture, the fish feed 14 , is produced. The degassing step is not shown. The 2c , shows the gassing of degassed fish feed 16 with a stirrer 15 under which a gassing basket 17 is attached, by means of which the not reactive with the components of the fish feed gas phase fine in the feed 16 is dispersed. The state of the dispersion 18 is fine-bubble and homogeneous.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

capsule shell

2

soft gelatin

3

dye

4

flavoring

5

Fish feed

6

gas bubble

7

Solid particles, powdered feed animals

8th

wax particles

9

tank

10

wax phase

11

heating

12

in a lipophilic matrix incorporated feed ingredients

13

stirrer

14

Fish food, air-based

15

dispersing stirrer

16

degassed fish feed

17

Begasungskorb

18

dispersion

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2005/115341 A2 [0013]

Claims (11)

Fish food capsule consisting of a capsule shell ( 1 ) and one in the capsule shell ( 1 ) liquid or suspension-type fish feeds ( 5 ), characterized in that in the capsule interior of the fish feed capsule a buoyancy of the fish feed capsule defining gas phase ( 6 ) is set up. Fish food capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsule shell ( 1 ) is formed from a compound selected from the group consisting of "gelatins ( 2 ) Of animal origin, alginates, starch, polyvinyl alcohols, chitosan, carrageenan, cellulose derivatives, Eudragit ^®, metabolizable of aquatic life or be excreted Immobilizates ". Fish food capsule according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capsule shell ( 1 ) is soluble in water. Fish food capsule according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the capsule shell ( 1 ) Color ( 3 ), Flavor ( 4 ) and / or odorous substances ( 4 ) contains. Fish food capsule according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid or suspension-like fish food ( 5 ) from a liquid lipophilic matrix, in particular a vegetable or animal oil, liquid and / or solid feed components ( 12 ) and a thickener ( 8th ), preferably a wax phase. Fish food capsule according to claim 5, characterized in that the lipophilic matrix is a water-in-oil emulsion. Fish food capsule according to claim 5, characterized in that the liquid and / or solid feed components ( 12 ) Medicinal or medicinal products, odorants, flavorings, attractants, vitamins, carotenoids, dissolved minerals and trace elements, proteins, carbohydrates, ground and / or powdered food animals ( 7 ) and / or fibers are. Fish food capsule according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fish food capsule consists of two or more mutually different capsule parts, wherein the capsule parts contain different compositions of a fish food, drug and / or a combination thereof. Fish food capsule according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the buoyancy of the fish feed capsule determining gas phase ( 6 ) is a gas which is not reactive with the constituents of the fish feed. Fish food capsule according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas which is not reactive with the constituents of the fish feed ( 6 ) is selected from the group consisting of "nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or a mixture of two or more gases". Fish feed kit consisting of various fish feed capsules according to one of claims 1 to 10 with mutually varying buoyancy properties and / or different fish feeds ( 5 ).

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