DE202007012891U1 - Solar thermal system for generating heat from solar energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar thermal system, comprising the control of one of the incident solar energy trackable collector array (17) with parabolic troughs (2) and absorber tubes (3) and the regulation of the flow rate of the medium in the connected circuit of the collector array (17), characterized by
a) acting according to the C-MOS logic system, signals of a brightness measurement and focus monitoring for rotation and / or inclination of the collector array (17) evaluating analog and digital electronics (31) with integrated first to fifth sensor groups (26, 27 28, 29 and 30),
b) a downstream, the drives of a rotational movement and / or inclination of the collector array (17) for a vertical irradiation of solar energy to the collector array (17) controlling amplifier (34) and
c) a connected to the downstream amplifier, the signals supplying this, the flow rate in the solar circuit as a function of temperature regulating analog control (23.1) with a first temperature sensor (23.2).

Description

The The invention relates to a solar thermal plant for economic Generation of heat the solar energy, comprising one of the solar energy radiating controlled trackable Collector field with parabolic troughs, absorber tubes and the possible classification the solar thermal system in an existing service water system.

There are facilities according to the DE 195 02 070 A1 known to generate both electrical energy and heat, which are commonly referred to as solar systems. The heating, hot water and electricity supply of buildings using solar energy describes the DE 110 48 035 A1 as a complex example.

In contrast, wants the invention is based solely on the economic conversion of Solar energy in heat focus.

The initially generic demarcated solar systems are conventional often stuck on rooftops mounted and take depending on the roof orientation and position of the sun only a fraction of the sun's energy.

ever roof alignment and texture are complex constructive activities for the Construction of such facilities required to increase the yield of solar energy to increase.

by virtue of The solid construction of the system consists of high solar radiation the danger of overheating of the medium. For safety reasons a usual Printing operation must for pressure hoses, pressure relief valves and expansion tanks used become,

In addition, will for the arming as well as retrofitting size Hot water tank with solar connections and appropriate control needed.

at This high cost of material and labor costs is therefore limited an economical use of a solar system possible.

It exists in the development of solar thermal systems the general Requirement to reduce construction costs and solar energy more efficiently to use.

For this purpose, the solar position trackable parabolic trough mirror collectors were known as in the DE 200 03 882 U1 , the DE 298 02 992 U1 and DE 199 16 514 B4 are disclosed.

To The first invention is already an electronically controlled Concept pursued, but guaranteed this concept is not accurate tracking.

Corresponding the latter invention, the collectors are designed in a modular flat design, wherein these in particular the collector field, the absorber tubes, the parabolic troughs and their drive include.

• – jede Parabolrinne einzeln geschwenkt wird,
• – die Ansteuerung durch einen Schrittmotor über eine Zeitschaltuhr erfolgt,
• – Aussagen über Befestigung oder Drehung in Ost-Süd-West-Richtung fehlen,
• – Angaben über die Erwärmung des Mediums, dessen Einspeisung in den Warmwasserspeicher und Druckverhältnisse nicht vorliegen,
• – eine Glasabdeckung unzweckmäßig ist und
• – die Probleme der Fertigung der Parabolrinnen offen bleiben.

The disadvantage here is that

• - each parabolic trough is pivoted individually,
• - The control is carried out by a stepper motor via a timer,
• Statements about attachment or rotation in east-south-west direction are missing,
• - information on the heating of the medium, the feed into the hot water tank and pressure conditions are not present,
• - A glass cover is inappropriate and
• - the problems of manufacturing the parabolic troughs remain open.

Furthermore The collector array requires a relatively large amount of space between each one Parabolic troughs, because when mounted vertically, the one parabolic trough the other covers considerably.

Consequently the collector field, depending on the number of parabolic troughs, must be extreme big build become. It is therefore an inclination of the entire reflector required, whereby a high risk of contamination at a fixed Assembly exists.

Also is the adjustment of the mirrors to the absorber focal point Spindle drive and the replacement of the mirror consuming.

So also requires a usual Timer, that a change of location is not possible and readjusted the collector field according to the solar orbit must become.

Nice The production of 1m to 2m long parabolic troughs gets complicated and expensive because of thermal expansion, that change the focus, are to be compensated constructively.

Also will be the warranty the torsional strength at these lengths to the problem.

Finally exists no safety concept in case of failure of the pump, and the mirrors can not turn off to be driven to the focal point.

An improved tracking describes the DE 198 32 232 with a method and a device for solar radiation conversion by means of the sun trailing axis.

• – Ein hoher Energieeinsatz zur Steuerung der Anlage,
• – die Servomotoren und deren Ansteuerung
• – Justierung von Zahnriemenantrieben
• – ein Verdrehen des Kollektorfeldes bei Windeinflüssen und
• – die mit der Zuführung von elektrischen Leitungen sowie dem Zulauf bzw. Rücklauf des flüssigen Mediums verbundenen Probleme.

Hereby remain disadvantageous:

• - a high energy input for controlling the system,
• - the servomotors and their control
• - Adjustment of toothed belt drives
• - A twisting of the collector field in windy conditions and
• - The problems associated with the supply of electrical lines and the inlet or return of the liquid medium.

Another solar panel will be in the DE 100 11 052 B4 in which a "translucent plate" is used behind which the absorber tubes and mirrors are located.

• – Eine Schutzscheibe,
• – der evakuierte Hohlraum zwischen Scheibe und Spiegel.
• – die Herstellung der Parabolrinne durch Tiefziehen eines Bleches aus einem Stück,
• – die Hochdruckleitung und
• – die Formstücke aus Halbschalen.

Distinctive features include:

• - a protective screen,
• - The evacuated cavity between the disc and mirror.
• - the production of the parabolic trough by deep-drawing a sheet of one piece,
• - the high pressure line and
• - The fittings of half shells.

The Although glass pane prevents the contamination of the mirror, at the same time But it reduces considerably and adversely the radiation of the entire Solar spectrum. It is also technically complicated, the required there Create vacuum and hold this.

The current application of this solution in tube collectors increases the costs considerably.

All in all the manufacturing process of parabolic troughs is far too costly and thus expensive, since the mirror plates with holder, e.g. with NC sheet bending machines, must be made.

The control system for solar fields according to DE 102 47 177 A1 appears universally usable for small to large plants, but it always requires a location-dependent adjustment. In addition, solar systems naturally do not require exact tracking

Finally, according to the DE 10 2005 036 703 A1 presented a tracking system for solar systems by means of a mechanical cam control, in which the annual curve is to be realized via a stepper mechanism. This mechanically rigid tracking requires in addition to the considerable technological effort that the daily curve and the annual curve must be replaced depending on the location.

• – Exakte Nachführung und Nachjustierung,
• – Parabolspiegelherstellung und Modulaustausch,
• – Brennpunktverzerrungen
• – Verschmutzungsgrad,
• – Hochdruckbetrieb und
• – Sonnenenergieausbeute

komplex zu beseitigen.The overall view of the prior art reveals no concept to the disadvantages mentioned, such as

• - Exact tracking and readjustment,
• - parabolic mirror manufacturing and module replacement,
• - focus distortion
• - degree of pollution,
• - High pressure operation and
• - Solar energy yield

to eliminate complex.

• – eine Nutzung zu einem vorhandenen Brauchwassersystem ermöglicht werden soll,
• – das dreh- und neigbare Kollektorfeld mit Parabolrinnen als Spiegelkollektoren und Absorberrohren nach einem baukastenartigen Modulprinzip zusammenzusetzen ist und
• – mit Hilfe einer elektronischen Steuerung und Regelung ein optimaler Brennpunktverlauf des Kollektorfelds und ein hoher Wirkungsgrad der Wärmeübertragung mit geringem technologischem Aufwand sichergestellt werden kann.

The invention has for its object to provide a solar thermal system for the economic production of heat from solar energy, comprising a solar energy einstrahlenden controlled collector field with parabolic troughs and absorber tubes, wherein

• - a use is to be made possible for an existing service water system,
• - The rotatable and tiltable collector field with parabolic troughs as a mirror collectors and absorber tubes is composed according to a modular principle module principle and
• - With the help of electronic control and regulation, an optimal focal point of the collector field and a high efficiency of heat transfer can be ensured with little technological effort.

• a) Eine analoge und digitale Elektronik in C-MOS-Technik, die eingehende Signale von verschiedenen Sensorgruppen zur Helligkeitsmessung, Drehung und Neigung des Kollektorfeldes sowie die Brennpunktüberwachung auswertet,
• b) ein nachgeschalteter Verstärker, der Signale zum Antrieb einer Drehbewegung und/oder Neigung des Kollektorfeldes liefert, um eine optimale Ausrichtung des Kollektorfeldes zu erreichen und dabei den Antrieb der Drehbewegung und/oder Neigung des Kollektorfelds für eine zu einer senkrechten Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie zum Kollektorfeld führenden Ausrichtung des Kollektorfelds zu verwenden, und
• c) der nachgeschaltete Verstärke, der ein Signal von einem ersten Temperatursensor im Solarkreislauf zur analogen Regelung einer Tauchpumpe ausgibt, wodurch eine analoge Regelung der Durchflussmenge des in einem Kreislauf vom Kollektorfeld als Vorlauf ablaufenden und zum Kollektorfeld als Rücklauf zulaufenden Mediums erfolgt.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the fact that, for controlling and regulating the solar thermal system, which comprises a collector field having independent control of the parabolic trough and absorber tube from the respective location of the collector field in the time from sunrise to sunset:

• a) Analog and digital electronics in C-MOS technology, which analyzes incoming signals from different sensor groups for brightness measurement, rotation and inclination of the collector field as well as the focal point monitoring,
• b) a downstream amplifier which provides signals for driving a rotational movement and / or inclination of the collector field in order to achieve an optimal alignment of the collector field and thereby driving the rotational movement and / or inclination of the collector field for a perpendicular irradiation of solar energy to the collector array leading orientation of the collector array, and
• c) the downstream amplifiers, which outputs a signal from a first temperature sensor in the solar circuit for analog control of a submersible pump, whereby an analog control of the flow rate of running in a circuit from the collector array as a flow and the collector field as a return flowing medium occurs.

• a) ein Wärmetauscher zur Übertragung der Wärme des Kreislaufs des Kollektorfelds auf einen Kreislauf eines vorhandenen Brauchwassersystems angeschlossen und
• b) ein zweiter, am Ausgang des Wärmetauschers angeschlossener Temperatursensor vorgesehen, der eine vorhandene Umwälzpumpe mittels einer vergleichenden Zweipunktregelung in Abhängigkeit einer einstellbaren Führungsgröße dann einschaltet, wenn die Brauchwassertemperatur kleiner als die ein gestellte Führungsgröße ist, wobei damit eine automatische Zu-/Abschaltung der Wärmeübertragung ermöglicht wird.

For heat transfer of the circulation of the collector field running as a feed and the collector field as reflux tapered medium are

• a) a heat exchanger for transmitting the heat of the circuit of the collector array connected to a circuit of an existing service water system and
• b) a second, provided at the output of the heat exchanger temperature sensor, which then turns on an existing circulation pump by means of a comparative two-step control function of an adjustable reference variable when the hot water temperature is less than the set reference variable, thereby enabling an automatic connection / disconnection of heat transfer is possible.

For the advantageous pressureless circuit operated by the collector field as a flow running and the collector field as reflux tapered medium are a small open container with the submersible pump and a check valve intended.

• – ersten Sensorgruppe
• – zweiten Sensorgruppe,
• – dritten Sensorgruppe,
• – vierten Sensorgruppe und
• – fünften Sensorgruppe

ist der Verstärker nachgeschaltet, welcher steuerungsmäßig mit

• – einem Antrieb der Drehbewegung,
• – einem Antrieb der Neigung,
• – einem Antrieb des Rollladens und
• – dem Tauchpumpenmotor

verbunden ist.The analog and digital electronics with an integrated

• - first sensor group
• Second sensor group,
• Third sensor group,
• - fourth sensor group and
• - fifth sensor group

is the amplifier downstream, which in terms of control with

• A drive of the rotary movement,
• A drive of inclination,
• - a drive of the shutter and
• - the submersible pump motor

connected is.

• • Eine erste Sensorgruppe zur Helligkeitsmessung,
• • eine zweite Sensorgruppe zur Drehung des Kollektorfeldes,
• • eine dritte Sensorgruppe zur Feineinstellung, Brennpunküberwachung und/oder der Drehung,
• • eine vierte Sensorgruppe zur Neigung des Kollektorfeldes und/oder
• • eine fünfte Sensorgruppe zur Feineinstellung, Brennpunktüberwachung und/oder der Neigung.

In detail, the different sensor groups are used for the following functions:

• • a first sensor group for measuring brightness,
• A second sensor group for rotating the collector field,
• A third sensor group for fine adjustment, focal point monitoring and / or rotation,
• A fourth sensor group for inclining the collector field and / or
• • a fifth sensor group for fine adjustment, focus monitoring and / or tilt.

at inadequate Sunlight and at night, the collector field by a Shutters closed.

The Rotation of the collector field and the inclination of the collector field can coordinated by analog and digital electronics in three dimensions become.

The Collector field can in insufficient sunlight, before sunrise and / or after sunset using the analogue and digital electronics are driven into a starting position, by e.g. in the morning as soon as possible its exact alignment to find.

Logically, Can analog and digital electronics by means of a switch switched from manual to automatic mode and from automatic to manual mode become

• • In einer Ausbildung wird in einer Startphase der Anlage mittels der für die Neigung des Kollektorfelds verantwortlichen vierten Sensorgruppe das Kollektorfeld so geneigt, dass es annähernd senkrecht zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie steht.
• • In einer anderen Ausbildung wird in einer Startphase der Anlage mittels der für die Neigung des Kollektorfelds verantwortlichen vierten Sensorgruppe und der für die Drehung des Kollektorfelds verantwortlichen zweiten Sensorgruppe das Kollektorfeld so koordiniert und dreidimensional ausgerichtet, dass es annähernd senkrecht zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie steht.
• • Für den Normalbetrieb der Anlage wird die Erfindung so vervollkommnet, dass mittels der die Stellung des Brennpunktes zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie überwachenden dritten Sensorgruppe die Drehung und/oder mittels der die Stellung des Brennpunktes zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie überwachenden fünften Sensorgruppe die Neigung des Kollektorfelds in dreidimensionaler, exakter Ausrichtung erfolgt.
• • Die Erfindung kann in Kombination sämtlicher Varianten mittels der verknüpfenden analogen und digitalen Elektronik so ausgebaut werden, dass durch die darin eingehenden Signale der für die Drehung des Kollektorfelds verantwortlichen zweiten Sensorgruppe und die Stellung des Brennpunktes zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie überwachenden dritten Sensorgruppe und für die Neigung des Kollektorfelds verantwortlichen vierten Sensorgruppe und die Stellung des Brennpunktes zur Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie überwachenden fünften Sensorgruppe das Kollektorfeld exakt der Sonnenbahn nachführbar wird.
• • Mittels der die Signale der ersten Sensorgruppe für die Helligkeitsmessung, der zweiten, dritten, vierten und fünften Sensorgruppe für die eigentliche Nachführung verarbeitenden analogen und digitalen Elektronik kann der Brennpunkt des Kollektorfelds ständig auf eine senkrechte Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie automatisch überwacht werden, wobei das Kollektorfeld dann entsprechend nachgeführt wird, wenn – so auch nach starker Wolkenbildung mit anschließender Aufhellung – die Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie vom Brennpunkt des Kollektorfelds wieder abweicht.
• • Bei Überhitzung des Solarkreislaufes kann das Kollektorfeld aus dem Brennpunkt gefahren werden.

With the invention, various variants of tracking and alignments can be realized, such as:

• In one embodiment, in a start-up phase of the installation, the collector field is tilted by means of the fourth sensor group responsible for the inclination of the collector field, so that it is approximately perpendicular to the irradiation of the solar energy.
• In another embodiment, in a start-up phase of the system, the collector array is coordinated and three-dimensionally oriented by means of the fourth sensor group responsible for the inclination of the collector field and the second sensor group responsible for the rotation of the collector field, so that it is approximately perpendicular to the irradiation of solar energy.
• For normal operation of the system, the invention is perfected so that by means of the position of the focal point for irradiation of solar energy monitoring third sensor group, the rotation and / or by means of the position of the focal point for irradiation of the solar energy monitoring fifth sensor group, the inclination of the collector field in three-dimensional , exact alignment done.
• • The invention can be expanded in combination of all variants by means of the linking analog and digital electronics so that by the incoming signals in the responsible for the rotation of the collector array second sensor group and the position of the focal point for irradiating the solar energy monitoring third sensor group and for the inclination the collector array responsible fourth sensor group and the position of the focal point for irradiation of the solar energy monitoring fifth sensor group, the collector field is exactly tracked the sun's path.
• • By means of the signals of the first sensor group for the brightness measurement, the second, third, fourth and fifth sensor group for the actual tracking processing analog and digital electronics, the focus of the collector field can be monitored automatically for a vertical irradiation of solar energy automatically, the collector field then is tracked accordingly, if - so after strong cloud formation with subsequent brightening - the solar radiation differs again from the focal point of the collector field.
• • If the solar circuit overheats, the collector field can be moved out of the focal point.

• a) der Wärmetauscher zur Übertragung der Wärme des Kreislaufs des vom Kollektorfeld als Vorlauf ablaufenden und des zum Kollektorfeld als Rücklauf zulaufenden Mediums an einen Kreislauf eines vorhandenen Brauchwassersystems dient, ist
• b) über den am Ausgang des Wärmetauschers angebrachten zweiten Temperatursensor durch die Zweipunktregelung mit einstellbarer Führungsgröße die Regelung einer Umwälzpumpe im vorhandenen Brauchwassersystem erfolgt,

wird die Erfindung hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendung in Haushalten mit vorhandenen Brauchwassersystemen vervollkommnet.As a result of that

• a) the heat exchanger for transferring the heat of the circuit of the collector field running as a feed and serving as the collector field as a return medium to a circuit of an existing service water system, is
• b) via the attached at the output of the heat exchanger second temperature sensor by the two-step control with adjustable reference variable, the control of a circulating pump in the existing service water system,

The invention is perfected in terms of their application in households with existing service water systems.

• – das Kollektorfeld in die Parabolrinnen aufnehmende Felder unterteilt ist,
• – der Rahmen aus Profilen und Profillaufschienen mit seitlichen Profillaufschienen besteht,
• – der Rahmen die Parabolrinnen aufnehmende und lösbar zugefügte Winkelprofile und T-Profile aufweist,
• – der Rahmen an den seitlichen Profillaufschienen angebrachte Schellen zur Befestigung der Absorberrohre aufweist,
• – die Parabolrinnen aus Spiegelmodulen zusammengesetzt sind,
• – die Spiegelmodule aus Parabolbetten und Kleinparabolspiegeln bestehen,
• – das Parabolbett aus Hartschaum geformt ist und/oder
• – der Kleinparabolspiegel aus einer auf das Parabolbett klemmbaren Spiegelfolie bzw. einem hochreflektierenden Aluminiumspiegel geformt wird.

Technologically favorable, the collector field with a parabolic troughs receiving frame is detachably joined, wherein

• - the collector field is divided into the parabolic trough receiving fields,
• - the frame consists of profiles and profile rails with lateral profile rails,
• The frame has the parabolic troughs receiving and releasably added angle profiles and T-profiles,
• - The frame has attached to the lateral profile rails clamps for fixing the absorber tubes,
• - The parabolic troughs are composed of mirror modules,
• - the mirror modules consist of parabolic beds and small parabolic mirrors,
• - The parabolic bed is made of hard foam and / or
• - The small parabolic mirror is formed from a clamped on the parabolic bed mirror film or a highly reflective aluminum mirror.

The solar thermal plant is mechanized so that the collector field by means of fastening over a with the rotation and inclination transmitting bracket with one transmitting the rotation of the collector field and an inner stand pipe rotatably guided outer stator tube as well as with the inclination of the collector field transmitting and in a mother running threaded spindle is connected. The rotation of the Collector field of a first gear train and the inclination of Transfer collector field from a second gear train.

Of the first gear train includes a first geared motor with worm and the outer stator tube with sprocket. The second gear train includes a second geared motor with worm and the threaded spindle with sprocket.

It is useful the small open container for the submersible pump on the outer stand tube appropriate.

The Collector field can be covered by the roller shutter when the system except Operation is, this is meaningfully arranged at the top of the frame. Of the Roller shutter is powered by a motor.

• a) der Rahmen, der das Kollektorfeld umfasst, mehrere parallel angeordnete Parabolrinnen aus mehreren Spiegelmodulen und Absorberrohren, die zu einer starren Einheit lösbar gefügt sind,
• b) das Kollektorfeld einachsig senkrecht zur Drehung und einachsig waagerecht zur Neigung für eine dreidimensionale Ausrichtung angeordnet ist,
• c) das Kollektorfeld mit einer ersten Sensorgruppe, zweiten Sensorgruppe, dritten Sensorgruppe, vierten Sensorgruppe und fünften Sensorgruppe zur koordinierten Helligkeitsmessung, Nachführung und zur Überwachung seines Brennpunktes korrespondiert,
• d) das Kollektorfeld von einer auswertenden analogen- und digitalen Elektronik für eine dreidimensionale Ausrichtung des Brennpunktes des Kollektorfelds auf eine senkrechte Einstrahlung der Sonnenenergie gesteuert wird,
• e) eine elektronische Wirkverbindung zwischen der ersten, zweiten, dritten, vierten und fünften Sensorgruppe besteht und
• f) ein Anschluss des Kreislaufs des Kollektorfelds über einen Wärmetauscher an ein Brauchwasserversorgungssystem vorgesehen ist,

wird mit der Erfindung eine Solaranlage für hiesige Klimazonen bereitgestellt, die die eingestrahlte Sonnenenergie optimal ausbeutet und wirtschaftlich nutzt.The fact that in a conceivable combination of the features of the invention, such as

• a) the frame comprising the collector array, a plurality of parallel parabolic troughs of a plurality of mirror modules and absorber tubes, which are detachably joined to form a rigid unit,
• b) the collector array is arranged uniaxially perpendicular to the rotation and uniaxially horizontal to the inclination for a three-dimensional orientation,
• c) the collector field corresponds to a first sensor group, second sensor group, third sensor group, fourth sensor group and fifth sensor group for coordinated brightness measurement, tracking and monitoring of its focal point,
• d) the collector array is controlled by an evaluating analog and digital electronics for a three-dimensional alignment of the focal point of the collector field to a vertical irradiation of the solar energy,
• e) an electronic operative connection between the first, second, third, fourth and fifth sensor group is and
• f) a connection of the circuit of the collector array is provided via a heat exchanger to a service water supply system,

is provided with the invention, a solar system for local climates, which optimally exploits the irradiated solar energy and uses economically.

The Mirror collectors such as parabolic troughs can be used so that the entire spectrum of solar energy is focused on the absorber pipes becomes. The mirror surface can only be a maximum of 3 square meters. Larger surfaces, the elaborate constructive activities require and the plant compared to the previous ones in the market collectors would become unnecessary and thus economically uninteresting.

The solar system according to the invention can for 2 to 6 households can be easily installed on rooftops, on gables, garages and in gardens. It should be emphasized that conventional, existing water heaters can be used and no interventions in existing hot water or heating systems are required. The simply constructed and, therefore, reasonably priced system, which can be put together according to the modular and modular principle, can be installed and installed even in self-construction.

One embodiment The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

In show the drawings

1 the plan view of an inventive parabolic troughs 2 joined collector field 17 with absorber pipes 3 .

2 the side view of the collector field 17 with cut mirror modules shown 12 to 1 .

3 the top and side view of a single small parabolic mirror 13 in the single parabolic bed 14 .

4 the side view of the tiltable and tiltable collector field 17

5 a schematic diagram of the solar thermal system and their assignment to an existing service water system and

6 a block diagram of the control and regulation of the solar thermal system.

According to 1 owns the solar thermal system with a collector field 17 one, the parabolic troughs 2 receiving frame 1 which detachably joined and into the parabolic troughs 2 receiving fields is divided. The frame 1 is made of commercial profiles 4 made of aluminum. The frame 1 takes the parabolic troughs 2 by means of detachably joined as well as joinable angle profiles 10 and T-profiles 11 corresponding 2 on.

There are profile rails on the frame 5 and side profile rails 8th , the bells 9 for fixing absorber pipes 3 exhibit. This is a simple adjustment of the absorber tubes 3 on the focal point of each parabolic trough 2 possible.

In 1 and 2 is hinted that the parabolic troughs 2 from mirror modules 12 are detachably joined. It is after 3 the parabolic bed 14 hard foam with corresponding small parabolic mirror 13 shaped.

According to this basic structure, the frame 1 and its named components are assembled quickly and cheaply in the sense of lightweight construction.

It should be emphasized that not the individual parabolic troughs 2 be aligned to the vertical solar radiation, but the entire collector field 17 with frame 1 as a rigid but detachable system of parabolic troughs 2 , which is designed as a collector array, as described below, tilt and swivel. This eliminates such drive elements for the parabolic troughs 2 as shown in the prior art.

At night and with insufficient solar radiation becomes the collector field 17 with the parabolic troughs 2 through one on the frame 1 attached shutters 6 covered and thus protected against contamination. The shutter 6 is by a in 6 symbolically represented engine 37 driven.

2 shows the side view of the collector field 17 with the individual mirror modules 12 , the absorber pipes 3 and a fixture 7 of the collector field 17 at an in 4 illustrated bracket 15 ,

The attachment of the collector field 17 is chosen so that at an approximately 45 ° position of the collector field 17 there is a balance. This allows attachment 7 and drive technology are carried out with reasonable effort.

According to 3 is the front and side view of the single mirror module 12 shown, which from the in the parabolic bed 14 in turn releasably used small parabolic mirror 13 consists. It can be here for the small parabolic mirrors 13 Industrial mirrors made of stainless steel, aluminum or mirror films with a total reflectivity of more than 90% are used, the outdoor use of which has generally proven itself.

To disadvantageous deformations of the small parabolic mirror 13 and their elaborate production of any kind to avoid, the mirror sizes can be used with a width of about 0.2 to 0.3 m. It makes sense, as a parabolic bed 14 To form blocks of the previously mentioned rigid foam.

It is particularly advantageous that in the present invention releasably assembled parabolic troughs 2 the known from the prior art disadvantage, according to which large parabolic mirror surfaces with corresponding support beds are extremely complicated and can be produced only at high cost, with respect to the adverse consequences such as focal distortions and stability problems erfindungsge According to be avoided here.

By the invention, releasably joined parabolic troughs 2 Thus manufacturing and physical-optical problems are minimized to an optimum.

Thus it is understandable for the expert that the individual small parabolic mirrors 13 and parabolic beds 14 composite mirror modules 12 very easy in the collector field as parabolic troughs 2 into a bracket with the angles 10 and T-profiles 11 can be used or replaced.

The practicable size of the individual mirror modules 12 also allows the combination of any sizes of mirror surfaces.

Due to the relatively low weight of such a collector field 17 eliminates complex design measures.

In 4 is the side view of the tiltable and tiltable collector field 17 shown. The collector field 17 is by means of fastening 7 over the temple 15 with a rotation of the collector field 17 transmitting and around an inner stud tube 18 rotatably guided outer stator tube 19 as well as with a tilt of the collector field 17 transferring and in a mother 16.2 running threaded spindle 16.1 connected. The rotation of the collector field 17 is from a first gear train 20 having an in 7 schematically illustrated first geared motor 35 with a screw, not shown, and one on the outer stator tube 19 attached tooth wreath 20.1 transfer. The inclination of the collector field 17 is from a second gear train 16 having a second in 7 schematically illustrated second geared motor 36 with a screw, not shown, and in the mother 16.2 running threaded spindle 16.1 transmitted with unsigned sprocket.

The inner stator tube 18 can be mounted either on a suitable plate with flange or with clamps eg on house gables. Above that is the rotatable outer column tube 19 with ball bearings, on which according to 4 the pivotable for the slope and the rotation for the collector field transmitting bracket 15 is appropriate. The first gear train 20 for rotation of the collector field at the same time prevents accidental adjustment of the rotational movement due to the inhibition between the sprocket 20.1 and unshown screw to the first geared motor 35 , the latter provides as a gear DC motor for a slow rotational movement.

On the rotatable outer stator tube 19 is the collector field 17 by means of the swivel bracket 15 mounted so articulated that with the threaded spindle 16.1 the desired vertical orientation of the collector field 17 can be done on the sun's rays. The second gear train 16 can be stored on a correspondingly tilting mitschwenkenden plate.

In addition, the rotatable outer stator tube is used 19 for receiving a small open container 22 in which is a submersible pump 23 corresponding 5 located. With this controllable submersible pump 23 If necessary, the medium is conveyed via a check valve 21 to the absorber pipes 3 of the collector field 17 ,

5 now shows the schematic diagram of the function of the solar thermal system and their problem-free connection to an existing service water system, in which by a heat exchanger 25 mediated and combined effect of solar and domestic water cycle.

Starting with the off 1 and 2 apparent absorber pipes 3 in the collector field 17 connected in series, forms the upper, from the collector field 17 expiring absorber tube 3 an inlet for the heat exchanger 25 in an existing hot water tank. The return from the heat exchanger 25 leads into the small open container 22 in which the submersible pump 23 located. This pushes the medium through a check valve 21 in the lower, to the collector field tapered absorber tube 3 , Thus, the circulation of the medium forms an open, pressureless system. Previously customary pressure safety hoses, safety valves and expansion vessels can thus be omitted.

Furthermore, in 5 an analogue regulation 23.1 represented by a first temperature sensor 23.2 , which at the collector field 17 running absorber tube 3 is mounted, the temperature of the medium detected and the speed of the submersible pump 23 as a function of the temperature of the medium.

In addition, there is a circulating pump, which is not shown in the service water circuit 24 via a two-point control 24.1 by means of a between the heat exchanger 25 and at the inlet to the small open container 22 attached second temperature sensor 24.2 regulated as a function of a temperature which can be set as a reference variable. Of course, the circulating pump is only put into operation when the hot water temperature is lower than the set reference variable.

In 5 an additional additional temperature sensor is not shown because clarified on the spot who must, whether the existing service water sensor can be used for it.

In 6 is the control and regulation of the solar thermal system summarized as a block diagram.

As the invention, the orientation of the collector field 17 regardless of location, can be a costly computer-aided, as in large systems usual tracking the collector field 17 omitted. A time-dependent control is also eliminated, as it depends on the location.

Therefore, the invention employs a circuit of C-MOS logic and operational amplifiers. This causes an appropriate search of the optimal focus of the collector field with appropriate sunlight 17 ,

• – einer ersten Sensorgruppe 26 für eine Helligkeitsmessung,
• – einer zweiten Sensorgruppe 27 für eine Drehung des Kollektorfelds,
• – einer dritten Sensorgruppe 28 für eine Feineinstellung, Brennpunktüberwachung und/oder Drehung des Kollektorfelds,
• – einer vierten Sensorgruppe 29 für eine Neigung des Kollektorfelds und
• – einer fünften Sensorgruppe 30 für eine Feineinstellung, Brennpunktüberwachung und/oder Neigung des Kollektorfelds

ausgewertet.In the block of analog and digital electronics 31 become signals

• - a first sensor group 26 for a brightness measurement,
• - a second sensor group 27 for a rotation of the collector field,
• - a third sensor group 28 for a fine adjustment, focus monitoring and / or rotation of the collector field,
• - a fourth sensor group 29 for a slope of the collector field and
• - a fifth sensor group 30 for a fine adjustment, focus monitoring and / or inclination of the collector field

evaluated.

• – den ersten Getriebemotor 35 des ersten Getriebestrangs 20 zum Antrieb der Drehung des Kollektorfelds 17,
• – den zweiten Getriebemotor 36 des zweiten Getriebestrangs 16 zum Antrieb der Neigung des Kollektorfelds 17,
• – den Motor 37 zum Antrieb des Rollladens 6 und
• – einen Motor 38 zum Antrieb der Tauchpumpe 23.

The analog and digital electronics 31 There is an amplifier 34 which also includes the first temperature sensor 23.2 recorded values and controlled signals of the analog control of the submersible pump 23 come in, the control signals for

• - the first geared motor 35 of the first gear train 20 for driving the rotation of the collector field 17 .
• - the second geared motor 36 of the second gear train 16 for driving the inclination of the collector field 17 .
• - the engine 37 for driving the roller shutter 6 and
• - a motor 38 to drive the submersible pump 23 ,

With an arrow is a connection of a power supply 33 the electronics indicated, and a switch 32 allows switching between manual and automatic mode and vice versa.

• – laufende Überwachung des Brennpunkts und erforderliche Nachführung des Kollektorfelds 17,
• – Suchen des Brennpunktes des Kollektorfelds 17 vom Sonnenaufgang bis zum Sonnenuntergang,
• – Dreidimensionale Drehung und Einstellung des Winkels des Kollektorfelds 17 zur Sonne,
• – exakter Verlauf des Kollektorfelds 17 nach der Sonnenbahn,
• – Nachlaufen des Kollektorfelds 17 in den Brennpunkt nach starker Wolkenbildung mit anschließender Aufhellung,
• – Fahren in eine Ausgangsposition und Schließen des Rollladen 6 bei ungenügender Sonneneinwirkung sowie nachts,
• – temperaturabhängige Regelung der Tauchpumpe 23 und
• – Fahren des Kollektorfelds 17 aus dem Brennpunkt bei Überhitzung

sinnvoll aufeinander abgestimmt ausgeübt.Due to the optimally placed first to fifth sensor groups 26 - 30 and analog and digital electronics 31 Be the functions of the method and the solar thermal system, such as

• - Continuous monitoring of the focal point and required tracking of the collector field 17 .
• - Find the focus of the collector field 17 from sunrise to sunset,
• - Three-dimensional rotation and adjustment of the angle of the collector field 17 to the sun,
• - exact course of the collector field 17 after the sun,
• - Tracking of the collector field 17 in the focus after heavy cloud formation followed by brightening,
• - Driving to a starting position and closing the roller shutter 6 with insufficient sunlight and at night,
• - Temperature-dependent control of the submersible pump 23 and
• - Driving the collector field 17 out of focus when overheating

meaningfully coordinated.

A simple two-point control acting as a comparator 24.1 and the second temperature sensor 24.2 at the exit of the heat exchanger 25 regulate the existing circulation pump 24 between an existing boiler and the existing hot water tank, if the temperature of the solar system is higher than the hot water temperature.

It Thus, no intervention in an existing heating electronics is required. Furthermore the invention requires no electrical and no medium technical Connection between the circuits an existing heating and the solar thermal system.

The entire evaluating electronics are available as analog and digital electronics 31 in a block. About the contactless amplifier 34 The entire drive technology is controlled or regulated.

The switch 32 provides a choice from manual to automatic mode and vice versa. In addition, all engines 36 - 38 be checked by buttons on their functions. The power supply 33 with eg 12V can be done via a small, not shown Pufferakku. The minimum current consumption (in the mA range) can thus be realized via a solar module or a small power supply unit.

Finally Safety regulations SELV (safety extra-low voltage) in the electrical system and IP 64 degree of protection.

• – ein Brauchwasserspeicher mit getrenntem Solaranschluss nicht erforderlich ist und
• – die Übertragung der Wärme in das bestehende Brauchwassersystem einfach und kostengünstig durch den Wärmetauscher 25 realisiert und der Wärmetauscher 25 dem bestehenden Kreislauf Kessel-Brauchwasserspeicher zugeordnet werden kann.

The solar thermal An invention Location itself, whose control and regulation and the transfer of heat into the existing service water system creates advantages, because

• - A hot water tank with separate solar connection is not required and
• - The transfer of heat into the existing service water system easily and inexpensively through the heat exchanger 25 realized and the heat exchanger 25 can be assigned to the existing circuit boiler water heater.

• – dieser sich nicht abkühlt,
• – wodurch sich in diesem kein Schwitzwasser bildet,
• – deshalb keine die Kesselwand angreifende (Schwefel-)Säure entstehen kann und
• – die Lebensdauer des Kessels erhöht wird.

The apparent disadvantage of heating the boiler is reversed because

• - this does not cool,
• - whereby no condensation forms in this,
• - Therefore, no attacking the boiler wall (sulfuric acid) can occur and
• - The life of the boiler is increased.

In the practice of the invention, it is convenient that the parabolic troughs 2 firmly in the frame 1 are arranged, ie that only the absorber tube 3 must be adjusted once for horizontal and vertical adjustment. When replacing a parabolic trough 2 No adjustment is required because only the mirror modules 12 replace and install according to their compatibility.

For common surfaces of the collector field 17 up to max. 3m ² and corresponding DC geared motors (200mA) for the gear trains 16 . 20 the energy consumption is relatively low.

An expensive control electronics and stepper motors are eliminated in favor of simple analog and digital electronics 31 , whereby the favorable transmission strands 16 . 20 can be used.

According to the invention, a three-dimensional alignment of the collector field takes place 17 from sunrise to sunset. As the collector field 17 and its rotary and tilt system form a single unit, only short hose connections or electrical connections are required.

The shutter 6 prevents contamination of the collector field 17 outside operating hours, and the entire solar spectrum can be exploited during operation without glass panes.

There the circulation system of the invention Medium is open, eliminates high pressure lines and a corresponding Safety technology.

Through parabolic beds designed and shaped in small modules 14 made of rigid foams eliminates complex technological work for usual metal pickup and parabolic mirror.

The automatic tracking of the collector field 17 enables a site-independent installation. This eliminates any kind of Einjustierung.

Of the high efficiency of the process and the simple modular and ensure low-cost construction of the system according to the invention a full commercial use.

1

frame

2

parabolic trough

3

absorber tube

4

profile

5

Profile running rail

6

shutters

7

attachment

8th

lateral Profile running rail

9

clamp

10

angle section

11

T profile

12

mirror module

13

small parabolic mirror (Reflector film)

14

Parabolbett

15

hanger

16

second gear train

16.1

screw

16.2

mother

17

collector field

18

inner upright tube

19

rotatable outer stand tube

20

first gear train

20.1

sprocket

21

check valve

22

smaller open container

23

submersible pump

23.1

analog Regulation for submersible pump

23.2

first Temperature sensor (submersible pump)

24

circulating pump

24.1

Two-point control for circulation pump

24.2

second Temperature sensor (circulating pump)

25

heat exchangers

26

first Sensor group (brightness measurement)

27

second Sensor group (rotation)

28

third Sensor group (rotation, focus monitoring)

29

fourth Sensor group (tilt)

30

fifth sensor group (Tilt, focus control)

31

analog Electronics and digital electronics

32

switch between manual and automatic mode

33

power supply

34

amplifier

35

first Geared motor for driving the rotary motion

36

second Geared motor for driving the inclination

37

engine for driving the roller shutter

38

Submersible pumps motor

Claims (25)

Solar thermal plant comprising the control of one of the incoming solar energy trackable collector array ( 17 ) with parabolic troughs ( 2 ) and absorber tubes ( 3 ) and the regulation of the flow rate of the medium in the connected circuit of the collector field ( 17 ), characterized by, a) a signals acting according to the C-MOS logic system, a brightness measurement and focus monitoring for rotation and / or inclination of the collector field ( 17 ) evaluating analog and digital electronics ( 31 ) with integrated first to fifth sensor groups ( 26 . 27 . 28 . 29 and 30 ), b) a downstream, the drives of a rotary movement and / or inclination of the collector field ( 17 ) for a vertical irradiation of solar energy to the collector field ( 17 ) controlling amplifier ( 34 ) and c) connected to the downstream amplifier, the signals supplying this, the flow rate in the solar circuit as a function of temperature regulating analogous control ( 23.1 ) with a first temperature sensor ( 23.2 ). Solar thermal system according to claim 1, characterized by d) a heat exchanger connected to a circuit of an existing service water system ( 25 ) for heat transfer of the circuit of the collector field ( 17 ) as flow and the collector field ( 17 ) as refluxing medium and e) a comparative, by means of a second, the temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger ( 25 ) measuring temperature sensor ( 24.2 ), a circulating pump ( 24 ) in the existing service water system as a function of an adjustable reference variable and switching off two-point control ( 24.1 ). Solar thermal system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the heat transfer then switching two-point control ( 24.1 ), if the hot water temperature is lower than the set reference value. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the collector field ( 17 ) running as a flow and to the collector field ( 17 ) is recirculated as return circulation circuit. Solar thermal system according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by the f) first sensor group ( 26 ) for the brightness measurement, g) second sensor group ( 27 ) for the rotation of the collector field ( 17 ), h) third sensor group ( 28 ) for a fine adjustment, the focus monitoring and / or the rotation of the collector field ( 17 ), i) fourth sensor group ( 29 ) for the inclination of the collector field ( 17 ) and / or j) fifth sensor group ( 30 ) for fine adjustment, focus monitoring and / or inclination of the collector field ( 17 ). Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a solar field at insufficient and at night the collector field ( 17 ) closing shutters ( 6 ). Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a manual switch in automatic mode switch ( 32 ). Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a non-pressure operated circuit of the collector field ( 17 ) running as a flow and to the collector field ( 17 ) arranged as a return-flowing medium small open container ( 22 ) with a submersible pump ( 23 ) and a check valve ( 21 ). Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that • the analog and digital electronics ( 31 ) with the integrated - first sensor group ( 26 ), - second sensor group ( 27 ), - third sensor group ( 28 ), Fourth sensor group ( 29 ) and fifth sensor group ( 30 ) • the amplifier ( 34 ), which • in terms of control with - a drive of the rotary motion, - a drive of the inclination, - a drive of the shutter ( 6 ) and - the submersible pump motor ( 38 ) connected is. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the collector field ( 17 ) one the parabolic troughs ( 2 ) receiving frames ( 1 ), which is detachably joined. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the collector field ( 17 ) into the parabolic troughs ( 2 ) receiving fields is divided. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the frame ( 1 ) from profiles ( 4 ) and with lateral profiled rails ( 5 . 8th ) is added. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the frame ( 1 ) the parabolic troughs ( 2 ) receiving and releasably added angle profiles ( 10 ) and T-profiles ( 11 ) having. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the frame ( 1 ) on the side profile rails ( 8th ) mounted clamps ( 9 ) for fastening the absorber tubes ( 3 ) having. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the parabolic troughs ( 2 ) from mirror modules ( 12 ) are releasably joined. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the mirror modules ( 12 ) made of parabolic beds ( 14 ) and small parabolic mirrors ( 13 ) are releasably joined. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the parabolic bed ( 14 ) is made of rigid foam. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the small parabolic mirror ( 13 ) from one to the parabolic bed ( 14 ) is formed mirrorable mirror foil or aluminum mirrors. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the small parabolic mirror ( 13 ) as a module easy off and easy to insert. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the collector field ( 17 ) by means of attachment ( 7 ) via a turn and tilt transmitting bracket ( 15 ) with a rotation of the collector field ( 17 ) and around an inner stator tube ( 18 ) rotatably guided outer stator tube ( 19 ) and with a slope of the collector field ( 17 ) and in a mother ( 16.2 ) running threaded spindle ( 16.1 ), wherein the rotation of the collector field ( 17 ) from a first gear train ( 20 ) and the inclination of the collector field ( 17 ) from a second gear train ( 16 ) is transferable. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the first gear train ( 20 ) a first geared motor ( 35 ) with screw and the outer stator tube ( 19 ) with sprocket covers. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the second gear train ( 16 ) a second geared motor ( 36 ) with worm and the threaded spindle ( 16.1 ) with sprocket covers. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the small open container ( 22 ) on the outer stator tube ( 19 ) is attached. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the roller shutter ( 6 ) on the frame ( 1 ) is arranged. Solar thermal system according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the roller shutter ( 6 ) by a motor ( 37 ) is drivable.