DE202007008581U1 - Wind energy plant has resistance runner having surface to restrict air flow within range of runner, where rotation axis of runner is aligned perpendicular to main direction of air flow and parallel to surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant has a resistance runner (1) flowed against by an air flow, where the runner has a radially extending wings (11,12,13,14) to its rotation axis (10). The runner has a surface (3) to restrict the air flow within the range of the runner, where the rotation axis of the runner is aligned perpendicular to the main direction of the air flow and parallel to the surface. The surface arranged at the upstream end of the runner is formed independent of two dimensional elements and is adjustably formed in its inclination to the flow against the air flow.

Description

The The invention relates to a wind turbine with a resistance rotor, the streamed by an air flow is, with the resistance rotor itself having substantially radially extending to its axis of rotation wings. In wind turbines, kinetic energy from an air flow (wind) in Transmit rotational energy, which, for example, turns a generator and thus into electrical Energy is converted.

to Use of wind energy was already long before our era wind turbines used with a vertical axis of rotation in the Orient and in China. These windmills were resistance runners. In contrast, are windmills developed in the Middle Ages in Europe with essentially horizontal Rotary axis so-called lift rotor. Even today's wind turbines operate on the principle of buoyancy. When buoyancy runner can the flow velocity on the wing due to its fast rotation much larger than the wind speed be. In optimal operation, the wind speed becomes 2/3 their original one Value decelerated. Modern wind turbines reach as a boost rotor in practice performance coefficients up to 0.5.

There the peripheral speed along the wing longitudinal axis with its distance increases from the axis of rotation, the profile must be over the length of the wing to the optimum Circumferential speed adapted to optimum efficiency to reach. Accordingly elaborate is the design of the wings. It also changes depending on wind speed, the power coefficient during the Operation, which extensive control technology is necessary to the wind turbine in one possible approximate wide range to operate optimally. Overall, with buoyancy-based wind turbines only above a certain minimum wind strength and up to a maximum Wind force at consuming control power can be generated. At low wind speeds and at overly strong Wind power generation is not possible. The at a wind turbine occurring forces place high demands on the static and dynamic stability of the plant.

in the In contrast, it is advantageous for the resistance rotors that they in operation, dodge the wind, namely, absorb the energy wing Turn away from the wind. This makes the wind speed relatively to the streamed wing reduced, bringing a theoretical efficiency (power coefficient) of 0.16. A simple principle is, for example the Persian windmill, in which at a vertical axis of rotation radial protruding wings are mounted, with one side of the wind turbine through a wall from is shielded from attacking wind. The resistance rotor shows despite the considerable disadvantages in terms of its efficiency Benefits due to the lower peripheral speed, always is less than the driving flow velocity of the air flow, whereby the rotor speed and thus also the sound immissions lower are. Furthermore, depending on the structure of the resistance rotor also a greater independence from the direction of flow of the Air flow can be achieved (principle cup cross anemometer).

Wind turbines with a resistance rotor, which is flowed by an air flow, and with an inflow, are known. For example, from the Scriptures DE 24 44 803 A1 an inflow area is known which narrows the air flow in the region of the resistance rotor. Furthermore, this document discloses an adjustability of vanes on the downstream side of the resistance rotor.

From the scriptures DE 198 28 324 A1 . JP 2002 098037 A and JP 2001 193631 A For example, inflow areas of building parts are known, with solid building areas being used for directional flow. An adjustment does not take place here, whereby the efficiency of the wind turbine is highly dependent on the wind direction.

Further, by the scriptures DE 195 02 948 A1 . DE 101 50 185 A1 described an arrangement in which flying objects are provided with inflow, so as to detect at appropriate heights winds that directed to a rotor with generator to power these generate.

Next are in the general state of the art, for example, by the Scriptures DE 198 24 336 A1 . DE 90 12 769 U1 . FR 2 286 954 A1 . DE 35 05 460 A1 . DE 196 08 330 A1 Further embodiments of wind turbines are known in which arrangements for air inlet and outlet are described within the Rotoranström- or -abströmverlaufs.

Starting from the DE 24 44 803 A1 It is an object of the invention to provide a wind turbine, which enables effective power generation over wide wind speed ranges.

Is solved this object with a wind turbine according to claim 1.

By providing an adjustable, arranged at the upstream end of the resistance rotor inflow area, which narrows the air flow in the region of the resistance rotor, an increase in the flow velocity in the region of the resistance rotor is achieved. The inflow surface is designed as an independent surface element formed in order to achieve an optimal design of the inflow surface. In addition, the surface element is designed to be adjustable in its inclination to the incoming air flow. Accordingly, the prevailing airflow can be used more effectively and converted into electrical energy.

By the formation of a roller-shaped resistance rotor is a larger working width of Wind turbine reached. The wings of the resistance runner thus have a large width in the axial direction.

In technical simple design, the inflow area of parts of a building, in particular roofs and / or building walls, formed be. For example, you can in roof areas with sloping ceilings, especially pitched roofs, hipped roofs or pent roofs the roof slopes used as inflow surfaces become. Suitable for building walls in particular building corners, preferred at passages between two buildings and the like, to a desired one increase to reach the speed of the airflow.

If the cylindrical shape Resistor runner on the ridge of a roof and / or building corners parallel to the ridge or to the corner line is at the point with the strongest constriction, So the highest flow rate the location of the resistance runner provided.

Thereby, that the roll-shaped resistance runner attached to attachment points on the building is and on the ridge of a roof and / or on building corners pivotable about its attachment points and / or in its distance between first or building corner and its axis of rotation rotatable and is arranged adjustable leaves itself the roll-shaped resistance runner on the roof or building corner moving from one side to the other, depending on the direction of the wind align. As a result, a direction-independent utilization of the air flow guaranteed.

alternative The inflow can be tied to one be kept held flying object. The flying object is either a kite, with an aerodynamic wing of the kite forming the inflow surface or a balloon of which a boundary surface is formed as an inflow surface is.

Thereby, that the wings, preferably three or four, of the resistance rotor equiangular to each other spaced apart on the axis of rotation, a uniform rotational movement at flow caused by the air flow.

If the wing (s) helically extend the axis of rotation, the sound radiation of the rotating resistance runner considerably be reduced, since in the rotation only a small Part of the grand piano located on an edge (ridge or the like) of the inflow surface.

Thereby, that a cover is provided, the half-shell-shaped cylindrical resistance runner on his back against the air flow Side, the effectiveness of the resistance rotor is improved. The back against the air flow Side of the resistance runner is therefore significantly less affected by the air flow.

If the cover pivotable about the axis of rotation of the resistance rotor is arranged, the size of the inflow sector of the resistance runner be selected mechanically by adjusting the cover.

to Further power control can be used between resistance runner and Inflow area an adjustable Bypass flap be arranged. The adjustable bypass flap forms while in the closed position a strongest constriction of the air flow at the resistance rotor, So the highest achievable speed of the resistance rotor, whereas at full opening of the Bypass damper a strong secondary air flow the resistance rotor not influencing this flows past, one in comparison to the air flow thus achieved lowest rotational speed of the resistance rotor becomes.

A another possibility power control by mechanical adjustments is that on the resistor rotor provided wings are rotatably formed.

If the wings half shell are formed, owns the wing in the air flow one possible huge Resistance to flow in the concave shape of the half shell.

to further power control can the half-shell-shaped wing at the resistance rotor, for example, cross-shaped trained arms, mounted eccentrically rotatable about its axis of symmetry be variable to the air resistance to the air flow to be able to adjust.

Further can on the surface element a photovoltaic system can be arranged. This embodiment is preferred or the aforementioned embodiment is formed so that the surface element of respective direction of the air flow (wind direction) or solar radiation is formed adjustable.

If a power control is provided, the speed of a with connected to the resistor rotor Generator adapts to the wind speed, giving a maximum Removable power is applied to the generator is an electrical control the speed of the resistance rotor and thus the power output given to the generator. Especially is thus not the speed of the rotor limited, z. B. revolutions / min. from 0-2,000.

If the generator over a frequency converter with feedback is connected to the electrical supply network, the fits Frequency converter the speed of the generator the wind speeds to the currently available To take power out of the wind. When increasing the wind speed will be the first Rated power of the generator reached. Rises the wind speed continue, increased the frequency control the speed of the generator, which causes the Difference between wind speed and peripheral speed decreases, so the flow velocity decreases and therefore the maximum power on the generator acts. Accordingly, the generator is not overloaded. Furthermore can also at this high speed range, the rated power of Generators are removed. Unlike wind turbines with buoyancy runner There is no reduction in the power value at very high levels Speeds.

Of course, about the Frequency converter also the direction of rotation of the rotor according to the wind direction be adjusted. Fixed installations, for example on the ridge of a roof, so can do without wind tracking.

following be several embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings described in detail.

In this shows in schematic diagrams:

1 a first embodiment of a wind turbine,

2 A second embodiment of a wind turbine with half-shell wings,

3 a third embodiment of a wind turbine with eccentrically adjustable mounted half-shell wings,

4 a fourth embodiment of a wind turbine as in the third embodiment, but with bypass flap,

5 A fifth embodiment of a wind turbine with rotatably arranged straight wings,

6 A sixth embodiment of a wind turbine according to the fifth embodiment in conjunction with a bypass flap,

7 a seventh embodiment of a wind turbine on a tethered balloon,

8th an eighth embodiment of a wind turbine on a fetter dragon and

9 A ninth embodiment of a wind turbine with a self-adjustable inflow.

10 A tenth embodiment of a wind turbine with a self-adjustable inflow surface on a roof, which is inclined flat,

11 an eleventh embodiment of a wind turbine with adjustable inflow surfaces and pivotable rotor beyond the ridge addition.

In the 1 to 11 are the inflow surfaces ( 3 . 3 ' ), which can be adjusted, for example, by hydraulic drives or electric motors, marked on both sides with arrows that indicate the adjustment. Of course, these inflow surfaces ( 3 . 3 ' ) can be adjusted on one or both sides. The same is true for building parts of a facade, such as façade panels, which can be adjusted by hydraulic or electric motors arranged in the same way.

In the first embodiment is in the 1 with different states a), b) and c) a resistance rotor 1 with four equiangularly spaced wings 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 with a horizontally or vertically oriented axis of rotation 10 shown. The equiangularly spaced wings 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 extend in the longitudinal direction about the axis of rotation 10 adjusted helically to avoid noise during the rotation as much as possible. Furthermore, a shadow impact effect (so-called disco effect) is avoided in this construction, which is particularly disturbing, especially in conventional buoyancy wind turbines.

The counter-rotating to a wind direction X sector of the resistance rotor 1 is with a cover 2 Shielded in half-shell shape to a possibly undisturbed by the wind X reverse rotation of the wings 11 to 14 to allow.

Below the resistance rotor 1 is a inflow area 3 shown schematically. The inflow area 3 For example, a pitched roof of a building or vertical alignment of the axis of rotation 10 of the resistance runner 1 a building corner, for example, on skyscrapers. In the illustrated first embodiment of the 1 It is assumed that the inflow area 3 a pitched roof is, the resistance runner 1 above the roof ridge 31 the inflow area 3 is arranged. The inflow area 3 can either be raised, lowered and / or adjusted on the left side as well as on the right side or else on both sides. This can happen, for example, computer controlled, so as to make a timely change over the entire course of the day.

Further, between resistance rotors 1 and First 31 the inflow area 3 a bypass flap 4 shown around an axis of rotation 41 at 90 ° from the in 1a illustrated closed position on intermediate positions ( 1b ) in the in 1c illustrated open position is adjustable. The bypass flap 4 is opened when the rated generator power is reached ( 1b) respectively. 1c) ). Thus, part of the air flow X flows on the wings 11 to 14 past. If the generator power drops below the nominal power, the damper will shut down 4 closed again. Thus, the air flow X flows completely or to a greater extent again in the direction of the wings 11 to 14 , The resistor rotor 1 driven generator is thus protected from overload.

In 2 a second embodiment of the wind turbine according to the invention is shown as a schematic diagram in three different states a), b) and c). For the first embodiment functionally identical components are designated by the same reference numerals.

In contrast to the first embodiment, the second embodiment has four wings in half-shell shape 11 ' to 14 ' on. Accordingly, depending on the direction of flow, the vanes have different drag coefficients (cw value) in the concave shape of the half shell or on the convex back side, so that the resistance runner thus equipped 1 even without coverage of the sector, in which the wings turn back against the wind, is driven in rotation with Windanströmung. Nevertheless, in the in 2 dargestellen embodiment a cover 2 intended.

Furthermore, each half-shell wing 11 ' to 14 ' around an axis of rotation aligned centrally with respect to its half shell shape 15 rotatably mounted. With these around rotation axis 15 rotatably mounted half-shell wings 11 ' to 14 ' Now the power regulation can take place. First, the half-shell wings 11 ' to 14 ' with its half-shell opening (concave surface) turned in the wind direction X, as in 2a) shown. Upon reaching the rated power of the generator, the half-shell openings are now slowly rotated from the wind direction, as in 2 B) indicated. In 2c) is additionally the bypass flap 4 opened for further power control.

In a third embodiment according to 3 are half-shell wings 11 '' to 14 '' provided, which is an eccentric to the half-shell shape of the wings 11 '' to 14 '' arranged axis of rotation 16 are rotatably mounted. In this eccentric arrangement sink the half-shell wings 11 '' to 14 '' when pivoting about the eccentric axis of rotation 16 inside the cover 2 , so that the area flowed by the air flow X and thus the surface of the resistance rotor 1 transmitted power decreases. Accordingly, a power control is made possible by these mechanical adjustments, so that the generator can be protected from overloading. In addition, the wind turbine can be completely taken out of the wind, as in 3c) shown without additional brakes would be required. Furthermore, the wings can be adjusted to the two different directions of flow, either as in 3 with arrow X in the drawing plane from the right or alternatively in the drawing plane from the left. This construction thus offers an adaptation of fixed installations without wind tracking to the prevailing wind direction.

In a fourth embodiment according to 4 will the in 3 explained embodiment with a bypass flap 4 combined. The operation of the bypass valve is already according to the first and second embodiments 1 and 2 explains what is referred to.

In a fifth embodiment are according to 5 flat trained wings 11 ''' to 14 ''' shown. The wings 11 ''' to 14 ''' are about a centrally (centrically) arranged axis of rotation 15 at the resistance rotor 1 rotatably arranged. Due to the mechanical adjustment of the rotatable straight wings 11 ''' to 14 ''' In turn, a power control and thus an increase in the safety of the wind turbine can be achieved. According to the fifth embodiment is dispensed with a bypass valve. Whereas, a sixth embodiment according to 6 in addition to the adjustment according to the fifth embodiment, a bypass flap 4 having.

Overall, a combination of the mechanical adjustment options described by way of example in the abovementioned embodiments offers individual power control, by means of which a wind power plant with a maximum aerodynamically effective area can be realized, since with the measures described a precise performance Regulation of the wind turbine is infinitely possible. The efficiency of the wind-engaging wing can be adapted to the current wind situation. Accordingly, with a maximum designed aerodynamically effective area even low wind speeds can be used to generate electricity. In particular, the adjustment improves the safety in order to reduce the loads occurring in strong winds.

This is a significant advantage over the known wind turbines according to the principle of lift, which is a complex power control in strong and / or changing winds need.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a wind turbine is held on the ground held flying objects 5 intended. In this case, the resistance rotor 1 have a high specific power to weight due to its simple structure, so that in a seventh embodiment according to 7 as a flying object 5 a filled with propellant balloon 51 is provided. The balloon 51 has one as Anströmfläche 3 trained bregrenzungsfläche, being at the lowest point of the balloon 51 a resistance rotor 1 with its axis of rotation 10 essentially perpendicular to the wind direction X and parallel to the inflow surface 3 is aligned. The inflow is adjustable from the ground or adjustable so that they can judge the incoming air masses on the rotor depending on the wind strength and / or wind direction.

In an alternative embodiment, according to an eighth embodiment 8th a dragon 52 as a flying object 5 provided, with an aerodynamic wing of the kite 52 the inflow area 3 forms. Here, too, is at the lowest point of the flying object 5 a resistance rotor 1 arranged according to the invention. The flying objects 5 are over a rope connection 54 with an anchor attached to the ground 53 connected. The technology is simple compared to conventional wind turbines on the principle of buoyancy, since the wind tracking, ascent aids and service cranes can be omitted. The flying object 5 gets off the hook for service 53 over the rope connection 54 pulled down and repaired on the ground.

The flying objects 5 can be used in difficult terrain, for example over mountains, lakes, swamps, forests, deserts or on the high seas. In the alternative embodiment as a dragon 52 in contrast to the carrying gas of the balloon 51 the wind itself carrying the loads. In this case, the cable connection 54 be formed so that the angle of attack of the kite 52 can be adjusted in the wind and thus suitable for strong winds. Both at the balloon 51 as well as the dragon 52 can the working height over the rope connection 54 be adjusted so that the wind turbine is adapted to the flow conditions in the different layers of air, resulting in a higher yield of wind power. Of course, these systems can also be used on a mobile basis, ie for short-term use.

In a ninth embodiment according to 9 is a separate inflow area 3 ' intended. The inflow area 3 ' is on a pillar 32 arranged rotatable and pivotable. The inflow area 3 ' So lets go around the pillar 32 turn and thus align with the currently prevailing wind direction X. Furthermore, by changing the angle of attack of the inflow surface 3 ' , ie the slope of the inflow surface 3 ' to the horizontal turn, the efficiency of the wind turbine and thus achieved a power control. In 9a) is the inflow area 3 ' strongly inclined for relatively low wind speeds and in 9b) is the inflow area 3 ' slightly inclined for strong winds. In addition, on the inflow surface 3 ' a photovoltaic system 6 be installed. With the rotatable and swiveling arrangement of the inflow surface 3 ' can thus the photovoltaic system 6 track the position of the sun. Thus, a combination of a wind turbine with a photovoltaic system 6 given. With sufficient wind strength, the system is optimally adjusted to the prevailing wind direction and wind force. In calm or very low wind strength, the inflow area 3 ' with its photovoltaic system 6 however optimally adjusted to the respective position of the sun.

In a tenth embodiment according to 10 is a separate inflow area 3 '' in addition to an inflow area 3 , For example, a flat roof, available.

In an eleventh embodiment according to 11 a resistance rotor is shown, which is rotatably arranged above its attachment points on the ridge. Furthermore, it is adjustable in its distance from the ridge. The inflow surfaces 3 themselves are also adjustable.

The in the 1 to 11 shown resistance runner perpendicular to the plane of a considerable longitudinal extent (for example, 2 to 10 times the diameter of the rotor), which is adapted to the events (for example, ridge length of the building). Accordingly, the runners on a spanned by the wings cylindrical outline.

1

resistance runner

10

axis of rotation

11

wing

12

wing

13

wing

14

wing

11 ', 11' '

Half shell wings

12 ', 12' '

Half shell wings

13 ', 13' '

Half shell wings

14 ', 14' '

Half shell wings

11 '' '

just wing

12 '' '

just wing

13 '' '

just wing

14 '' '

just wing

15

axis of rotation centric

16

axis of rotation eccentric

2

cover

3, 3 ', 3' '

Inflow surface, surface element, adjustable

31

ridge

32

pier

4

bypass damper

41

axis of rotation

5

flying object

51

balloon

52

dragon

53

anchor

54

cable connection

6

photovoltaic system

X

Airflow wind direction

Claims (20)

Wind turbine with a resistance rotor ( 1 ), which is flown by an air flow (X), wherein the resistance rotor ( 1 ) substantially radially to its axis of rotation ( 10 ) extending wings ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ), and an inflow surface ( 3 . 3 ' ), the air flow in the region of the resistance rotor ( 1 ), wherein the axis of rotation ( 10 ) of the resistance rotor ( 1 ) substantially perpendicular to the main direction of the air flow (X) and parallel to the flow surface ( 3 . 3 ' ), characterized in that the upstream surface of the resistance rotor arranged incident surface ( 3 ' ) is formed as an independent surface element and is designed to be adjustable in its inclination to the oncoming air flow (X). Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance rotor ( 1 ) has cylindrical outline. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inflow surface ( 3 ) is formed from parts of a building, in particular roof surfaces and / or building walls. Wind power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the roller-shaped resistance rotor ( 1 ) on the first ( 31 ) of a roof and / or building corners parallel to the ridge ( 31 ) or to the corner line is arranged. Wind power plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the roller-shaped resistance rotor ( 1 ) is attached to attachment points on the building and on the ridge ( 31 ) of a roof and / or building corners about its attachment points and / or in its distance between First or building corner and its axis of rotation ( 10 ) is arranged rotatable and adjustable. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inflow surface ( 3 . 3 ' ) on a captive held flying object ( 5 ) is provided. Wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that the flying object ( 5 ) a dragon ( 52 ), wherein an aerodynamic wing of the kite ( 52 ) the inflow area ( 3 . 3 ' ). Wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that the flying object ( 5 ) a balloon ( 51 ), of which a boundary surface as inflow surface ( 3 . 3 ' ) is trained. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wings ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ), preferably three or four, of the resistance rotor ( 1 ) equiangularly spaced from each other at the axis of rotation ( 10 ) are arranged. Wind turbine according to claim 9, characterized in that the wing (s) ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) helically around the axis of rotation ( 10 ). Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cover ( 2 ) is provided, the half-shell-shaped roller-shaped resistance rotor ( 1 ) covers on its back against the air flow (X) side. Wind turbine according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover ( 2 ) around the axis of rotation ( 10 ) of the resistance rotor ( 1 ) is pivotally mounted. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between resistance rotors ( 1 ) and inflow surface ( 3 . 3 ' ) an adjustable bypass flap ( 4 ) is arranged. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance rotor ( 1 ) provided wings ( 11 ' . 12 ' . 13 ' . 14 ' ) are rotatably formed. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wings ( 11 ' . 12 ' . 13 ' . 14 ' ) are formed shell-shaped. Wind turbine according to claim 14 and 15, characterized in that the half-shell wing ( 11 '' . 12 '' . 13 '' . 14 '' ) about an eccentric on the resistance rotor ( 1 ) supported rotary axis ( 16 ) is rotatably mounted. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the surface element ( 3 ' ) a photovoltaic system ( 6 ) is arranged. Wind turbine according to claim 17, characterized in that the surface element ( 3 ' ) of the respective direction of the air flow (X) (wind direction) or the solar radiation is designed adjustable. Wind turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a power control is provided, the speed of one with the resistance rotor ( 1 ) connected generator to the wind speed, so that a maximum removable power is applied to the generator. Wind power plant according to claim 19, characterized that the generator over a frequency converter with feedback connected to the electrical supply network.